1.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the

relational model?

The advantages of relational model are:

MULTI USER ACCESS

RDBMSs allow multiple database users to access a database simultaneously. Its built-in locking and

transaction management features allow users to access data as it is being changed, prevent collisions

between two users updating the data, and prevent users from accessing partially updated records.

PRIVILEGES

Authorization and privilege control features in an RDBMS allow the database administrator to restrict

access to authorized users, and grant privileges to individual users based on the types of database tasks

they need to perform. In addition to user authorization, authorization can be determined based on the IP

address of the remote client to restrict access to specific external computers.

NETWORK ACCESS

Database clients connect to and use RDBMSs via a server daemon, a specialized program that listens for

network requests. Users do not need to be able to log in to the physical computer system to use the

database, providing convenience for the users and a layer of security for the database. Network access

allows developers to build desktop tools and Web applications to interact with databases.

The disadvantages of relational database:

Cost:

The underlaying cost engaged with a social data set is very costly. For setting up a social data set, there

should be discrete programming which should be bought. Furthermore, an expert specialist ought to be
employed to keep up with the framework. Every one of these can be exorbitant, particularly for

organizations with little spending plan.

Physical storage:

A social information base likewise requires huge measure of actual memory since it is with lines and

segments. Every one of the activities rely upon discrete actual stockpiling. Just through legitimate

enhancement, the designated applications can be made to have most extreme actual memory.

Complexity

Albeit a social data set is liberated from complex organizing, incidentally it might become mind boggling

as well. At the point when how much information in a social data set increments, it ultimately makes the

framework more convoluted. Every

single information is been complicated since the information is organized utilizing normal qualities.

2. What is the role of the data model in the database design process?

ROLE OF DATA MODEL IN DATABASE DESIGN

The data model is one part of the conceptual design process. The other is the function model.

The data model focuses on what data should be stored in the database while the function model

deals with how the data is processed. To put this in the context of the relational database, the

data model is used to design the relational tables. The functional model is used to design the

queries that will access and perform operations on those tables. Data modeling is preceeded by

planning and analysis. The effort devoted to this stage is proportional to the scope of the

database. A database intended to serve the needs of an enterprise requires more planning and

analysis than one intended to serve a small team.

The information needed to build a data model is gathered during the requirments analysis.

Although not formally considered part of the data modeling stage by some methodologies, in

reality the requirements analysis and the ER diagramming part of the data model are done at

the same time. The goals of the requirements analysis are the following:

 to determine the data requirements of the database in terms of primitive objects

 to classify and describe the information about these objects

 to identify and classify the relationships among the objects

 to determine the types of transactions that will be executed on the database and the

interactions between the data and the transactions

 to identify rules governing the integrity of the data

3. Identify and explain three (3) potential negative outcomes that

could result from by an inaccurate data model.

POOR DECISION MAKING

Poor-quality data leads to poor decisions. A decision can be no better than the information

upon which it’s based, and critical decisions based on poor-quality data can have very

serious consequences. Another reason to ensure your data accurately reflects reality is to

make sure it is accurate.

BUSINESS INEFFECIENES
Poor-quality data causes inefficiencies in those business processes which depend on data

from reports to ordering products and just about everything in between for which facts are

required. Inefficiencies can lead to very costly rework to validate and fix data errors, rather

than focusing on core tasks.

MISTRUST

Poor-quality data creates mistrust. Especially in industries where regulations govern

relationships or trade with certain customers, such as finance. Maintaining good-quality

data can be the difference between compliance and millions of dollars in fines. Incorrect

data can cost you time, money, and reputation, affecting your business and lowering

customer confidence.

MISSED OPPURTUNITIES

A business may miss out on a lucrative opportunity for new product development or

customer need if a competitor has a better understanding of data.

LOST REVENUE

Poor-quality data can lead to lost revenue in many ways. Take, for example,

communications that fail to convert to sales because the underlying customer data is

incorrect. Data that is inaccurate can lead to inaccurate targeting and communications,

especially in multichannel selling.

4. When designing a database, what are the advantages and

disadvantages of using a prototype?
Advantages:
Active involvement:

In this model, the clients are involved effectively in the advancement stage and,

subsequently, it is simpler to foster the model as indicated by their inclinations. Since the

clients are effectively involved, mistakes are identified in the fundamental stages, making

the cycle simpler.

Easy detection of missing functionality: 

The missing functionality in the prototype model is easily detectable. As a result of this, the

failure risks are reduced.

Quick feedback:

Since the client has direct communication with the model, their input is a lot quicker. These

inputs are fundamental since they are thought about while making the last framework. The

clients can rapidly give their considerations, report the progressions expected in the

undertaking, and afterward the designers can adjust the venture in like manner.

Disadvantages:

Time-consuming:

 The prototype model is a time-consuming process. Before developing the final product, multiple

prototypes are used for testing, which takes up a lot of time.

Misconception regarding the arrival of the final product:  

The client will connect with the model at a beginning phase. This could prompt a confusion on

the grounds that the client might believe that the real item will likewise show up before the

expected time. This might be false on occasion.

Proper decision making:

The engineer generally believes their item should be of good quality. Be that as it may, while

making the model rapidly, they could settle on unfortunate choices with respect to the nature of

the model, which might influence the genuine item.

5. Describe a specific challenge in the creation of a data model, and

how to potentially overcome it.
Having unfortunate naming norms can truly mess up any information related action. This is an

indispensable advance in arranging the information model for your investigation asset. Skirting

this progression can prompt a ton of pointless cerebral pains and dissatisfactions not too far

off. This is particularly evident while uniting information from numerous sources.

One of the fundamental underpinnings to information is consistency. This ought to stretch out

to the names that we give our tables, sections, imperatives, measures, and so on The

advantages to adhering to a guideline naming show turns out to be clear quickly. In the event

that you are attempting to make inquiries for examination yet your tables and measures have no

rationale behind the manner in which they are named