A Choose the correct answer.

1. If you want people to read what you write, you (can’t / have to) write more clearly.
2. The ground is wet. It (may have / must have) rained.
3. He said we (have to / could) use the computer if we wanted to.
4. I (don’t have to / should) look after my little brother, because my mother will be at home.
5. Cars (might not / mustn’t) cross the railway line when a train is approaching.
6. (Should / May) I borrow your pen?
7. You (should / don’t have to) cook. We (must / can) eat in a restaurant.
B Complete each sentence with a suitable modal. You may use the same word more than
once.
can’t • could • may • might • shouldn’t • have to • don’t have to • must • mustn’t
1. What ........................................ I do? Please help me.
2. The team ........................................ win every time. It’s not possible.
3. ........................................ we have some more coffee, please?
4. I know I ........................................ get angry with her so often, but it’s hard.
5. You ........................................ climb there. I won’t allow it.
6. The test ........................................ be next week. We’ll know soon.
7. In the last year of school, students ........................................ start thinking of the future.
C Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. You have to finish by tonight. (must)
.........................................................................................................................................................
2. My aunt will probably visit us next month. (might)
.........................................................................................................................................................
3. Are you able to come with me? (can)
.........................................................................................................................................................
..
4. I think I left my keys on the desk. (might have)
.........................................................................................................................................................
5. There is a possibility that they will move to another school. (may)
.........................................................................................................................................................
..
6. It’s not necessary for you to wash the dishes. (not have to)
.........................................................................................................................................................
7. Please open the window. (could)
.........................................................................................................................................................
8. Children are not allowed to watch this film. (mustn’t)
.........................................................................................................................................................
Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. .......................... (be) a fan of soap operas for years. I always 2. .......................... (watch) my
favourite show three times a week. In fact, until about a week ago, I 3. .......................... (never /miss) a single
episode. Last Saturday, while I 4. .......................... (sit) in front of the TV, the electricity suddenly 5. ..........................
(go off). After waiting for about an hour, I finallyphoned the telephone company. “What 6. ..........................
(happen)?” I asked them. “When ………………(we / have) electricity again?” The man I spoke to said it 8.
.......................... (take) a while to fix the problem. So I 9. ....... (not watch) my favourite soap opera that day.
Strangely enough, 10. .......................... (not watch) it since. Suddenly, there are so many other things to do!
 Rewrite the following sentences without changing the original meaning.
1. She eats dinner with her parents almost every night. (usually)
........................................................................................................................................................
2. He lives in Japan. He moved there in 1989. (more than 10 years)
.......................................................................................................................................................
3. I will wear these shoes for the first time tonight. (yet)
.......................................................................................................................................................
4. We went for a walk along the beach. Suddenly it began to rain.
It began to rain while .................................................................................................................
5. The teacher said to the class. “There won’t be a test tomorrow.”
The teacher informed the class that ............................................................................................
6. The doorman said, “Someone bought the last ticket a few minutes ago.”
The doorman told us that .................................................................................................................
7. The man said that he wasn’t working at the moment because he couldn’t find a job.
The man said, “I .............................................................................................................................”
8. The woman denied that she had been in the bank the previous week.
The woman said, “I ........................................................................................................................”
9. The headmaster asked, “Who will clean up the classroom?”
The headmaster wanted to know who .............................................................................................
10. She asked us if we had ever been there.
She asked, “ ................................................................................................................................?”
11. The papers were being given out to the students when we arrived.
When we arrived, the teacher .........................................................................................................

Fill in the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. My parents .................................... (recently / buy) some property in the South of France.
They .................................... (build) a summer cottage there at the moment.
2. Andy and Sally .................................... (go) to a concert tomorrow night. They
.................................... (look forward to) it all week.
3. When he .................................... (found) Microsoft, Bill Gates was only 20 years old.
He .................................... (already / write) his first computer program seven years earlier.
4. Mrs Smith said that one day she .................................... (retire) from teaching. She mentioned
That she .................................... (spend) her time learning about computers.
5. They .................................... (stand) in the queue for an hour when the manager
.................................... (inform) them that no more tickets were available.
6. The men .................................... (sentence) to eight years in prison. They
....................................(rob) many banks.
7. The building that the squatters .................................... (live in) at present
....................................(abandon) for a year.
8. If the rate of unemployment .................................... (not be) so high, there
....................................(be) fewer violent incidents. Let’s hope this situation will change soon.
9. If I .................................... (make) more of an effort during my school years, I
...................................(accept) at university. Now I am sorry I didn’t.
10. The flat was so expensive that we really .................................... (should not buy) it, but it
was so lovely that we .................................... (cannot resist).
C Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.
1. I started studying at 2 o’clock. It’s now 7 o’clock and I’m still studying.
.............................................................................................................................. for five hours.
2. “I have never been here before,” he said.
He said .......................................................................................................................................
3. “What is your address?” she wanted to know.
She wanted to know ....................................................................................................................
4. When she was younger, she could run faster. (be able to)
.........................................................................................................................................................
5. I’m sure I told you the news.
I must…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Complete the paragraph using the modals below. There may be more than one correct answer.
can • could • have to • ought to • might • must • should
I seem to spend most of my time studying. I am sure this 1. ............................... be very
unhealthy.
Maybe I 2. ............................... try to change something in my lifestyle. “You 3.
...............................
want to start riding your bike to school,” my mother suggested. “You 4. ............................... ride
very
well when you were younger. Of course, I will 5. ............................... buy you a new bike, but I
don’t
mind,” she added. I didn’t know what to say. As it is, I 6. ............................... hardly get out of
bed in
the morning. Maybe I 7. ............................... ask Diana what she thinks. I think I’ll phone her
right now.
B Complete each sentence with a modal perfect.
would have • could have • should have • must have
1. I ............................... learned to swim when I was younger. Now I am sorry that I didn’t.
2. If we had known he was in hospital, we ............................... visited him.
3. There is nobody left in the building. They ............................... all gone home.
4. There’s a phone near the cinema. You ............................... called to say you would be late.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. David can’t come with us because he ........................................ (play) basketball every
Tuesday.
2. The whole class ........................................ (go) to a football game next Saturday.
3. The sandwich you ........................................ (eat) looks good.
4. I can’t visit you tonight. I ........................................ (study) all evening for tomorrow’s exam.
5. Speak up! Why ........................................ (you / whisper)?
6. When we ........................................ (get) to the station, the train ........................................
(already / move).
7. No one ........................................ (finish) the soup at lunch today. It ........................................
(be) terrible.
8. Please listen. I ........................................ (play) the CD again.
9. I usually ........................................ (read) the newspaper, but last night ...................(not have) time.
10. Last year, when I ........................................ (move) to the city, most of my friends ........ (still / live) in the country.
B Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Jo: Hi, Jan! Why 1. ........................................ (not come) to the picnic yesterday?
We 2. ........................................ (have) a great time.
Jan: My uncle from New York 3. ........................................ (arrive) last night. I told you that I
4. ........................................ (have to / go) to the airport.
Jo: Yes, that’s right. Listen to this! You 5. ........................................ (not believe) what
happened.
Jan: I 6. ........................................ (listen). Go on!
Jo: Remember last year how angry we were that Rosa 7. ........................................ (not bring)
anything to the picnic? Well, this time, while we 8. ........................................ (get out) the food,
Rosa 9. ........................................ (appear) with this huge basket.
Jan: 10. ........................................ (you / joke)? Tell me more.
Jo: Sorry. Not now. I have to go. See you later.

6.- Rewrite these sentences without changing the meaning. (MODAL VERBS)
1.- It wasn´t necessary for you to bring me flowers as I already had a lot.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.- Perhaps he left the car unlocked.
.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.- I advise you to drive more slowly.
. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.- Driving without headlights is forbidden.
. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.- I´m sure he lied to you.
. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.- You are not allowed to leave until the exam has finished.
. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.- I´m sure she is not Ann. She´s in Australia.
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.-. Complete with a suitable modal form
1. If you want my advice, you --------------------------------------------------(ignore) the gossip and get on with your life.
2. We ----------------------------------------------------------(not/pay) to see the film because we were given free tickets.
3. They got lost in the mountains. They --------------------------------------- (take) a map with them but they forgot it.
4. I sent Matt an email about the concert tonight, but he´s not here. I´m sure he ------------- (not/see) my email.
5. Oh! Peter, it´s Sunday morning, the children -------------------------------------( not/get up) early today so don´t make
noises!.
6. She ---------------------------------------------------- (type) really fast.
7. (Father to his Son): “I´m really upset with you. You--------------------------------------------( not/talk) to me like that”.
8. He--------------------------------------------(be) a foreigner: He´s got an strong accent.
8. Turn into Reported speech the following sentenes
1. Why don´t we talk to her? She may forgive us”, they said
2. “Read the text and don´t worry about the words you don´t know”, said the teacher to the students.
3. “Could you translate this letter for me, please? It´s from my penfriend”, said the boy
4. “Don´t eat so much chocolate or you´ll have spots”, my mother said
5. “Where do you work? Do you like your job or not?”,he said
6. “I think we should leave early tomorrow, there´s going to be much traffic”,my father said
7. Mary said to Peter,”If I were you, I´d do my homework today”
8. He told me , “Let´s speak to the teacher now”
9. “Don´t forget to phone him”, he said.
10. “When we´ve finishsed this game, we´ll have supper”, my friend said to them
FILL IN A MODAL AND THE APPROPRIATE FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS
1. I´m getting fat. I really ----------------------------(try) to lose some weight.
2. What a lovely day! -------------------------(we/go) for a walk?
3. I´m not sure where Gary is. He -------------------------(be) at the library.
4. That ----------------------------(not be) Bill´s car. He doesn´t have one.
5. Tom -----------------------------(sleep) but I´m not sure. Why don´t you go and see?
6. don´t worry. You ----------------------------(not dress) formally for the party.
7. If you wanted to borrow my car, you --------------------------------(ask) me.
8. this dog ----------------------------(belong) to Harry. It´s got his adress on its collar.
9. Ony authorised personnel ---------------------------(enter) this area.
10. You ------------------------------(not smoke) in some public places.
11. I saw John in the town centre this morning. He -----------------------------(not go) to Spain yet.
12. Fortunately he ------------------------(convince) the police that he was innocent.
13. Tom drives really well now. He ---------------------------------(pass) his driving thest easily.
14. She ------------------------------(not be) at the party last night. She was ill.
15. She ------------------------------(start) working on Monday. The manager has told her to.
16. I missed the film last night because I -------------------------------(work) late
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
- I (would have driven/would have been driven) to the airport, but I was too tired
- This accident (could have prevented/could have been prevented) with more cautions driving.
- The brakes (should have checked/should have been checked) before the car left the garage
- The accident (might have caused/might have been caused )by fog and ice on the roads
- The car (would have sold/would have been sold) if I hadn´t won some money in the lottey.
We (may have taken/may have been taken) a wrong turning about a mile earlier

REWRITE USING MODALS

1. Don´t wash this coat. It has to be dry-cleaned
2. I was willing to help but you didn´t ask me.
3. I advised you to apologize but you didn´t.
4. Peter isn´t here. Perhaps he went home early.
Report the following sentences beginning with the suggested reporting verbs.
1. Michelle has gone out. Mary told me...
2. What's your name? The woman asked me...
3. I don't like classical music very much. John told me
4. Are you doing anything at the weekend? Mary asked John...
5. I'll phone you later. Peter told Mary...
6. Why can't you help me with my homework? Mary asked John...
7. I have to go out now. John said to her...
8. Would you mind opening the window? The waitress asked...
9. You shouldn't play with matches. The teacher told the pupils...
10. We can save energy by using solar power. The scientist claimed...
11. The academic year will open on September 1st. The principal insisted...
12. Paul used to be a member of the scouts. Mary said
13. The government will have to resolve the problem of unemployment. A councillor argued...
14. I would like to go out for dinner. She said to John...
15. Your cousins might have been delayed in traffic. My mother told me...
PUT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO INDIRECT SPEECH USING
TELL/ORDER/URGE/ASK/BEG/INVITE/ADVISE/REMIND/WARN + OBJECT + INFINITIVE
1. Don´t put sticky things in your pockets, said his mother.
2. “please, please, don´t do anything dangerous”, said his wife.
3. Go on, apply for the job, said my friend, It would just suit you.
4. “I should say nothing about if if I were you”, said my brother.
5. “Would you please wait in the lounge till your flight number is called?”, she said.
6. Don´t lend Harry any money, I said to Ann. He never pays his debts.
7. “Could you please ring back in half an hou?, said his secretary.
8. “Would you mind moving your case?”, said the other passenger. “It´s blocking the door”.
9. “Remember to book a table”, said Ann
10. “Get into the right lane”, said the instructor..
Fill in the blanks with the correct modal auxiliary + Perfect Infinitive
1. When we got to the restaurant there were no free tables. We .................................... (reserve) one.
2. John .................................... (not stay) in bed all morning yesterday. Someone saw him at ten o´clock yesterday
morning.
3. Her face looks familiar. I ...............................................(meet) her before.
4. He was very anxious before the exam, but he ............................... (not worry) It wasn´t difficult.
5. Alan ....................................(not get) lost. I gave him the dress and drew a map.
6. I can´t find George anywhere. He ............................................ (go) shopping.
7. I´m still waiting for the 7 o´clock bus. It .................................... (arrive) half an hour ago.
8. Denis did the opposite of what I asked him to do. He ....................................... (not understand) what I said.
9. You ......................................(not take) my camera on holiday with you. I was very angry.
10. I´m glad you didn´t come to see me yesterday. You ........................................ catch) my cold.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT PERFECT MODAL FORM
1. He was here a moment ago. I´m sure you see him.
2. It´s possible that the driver didn´t see the warning sign.
3. We expected John to arrive an hour ago. He hasn´t arrived yet.
4. It was unnecessary for you to water the garden