Nate: M. Aral ® Clea’ - 8" Semeder. Section: § P2- Rillino.t- 2k -ELE- 081 Lubiect v Rae Sachem Protectien Taght hy t~ Sr Sagi AL. ‘Assignment Qi. Par Systers ore moving tonards increasing anploity and demand easly complex potacton. Discuss. Ans:- Dependance om Soctty on Pouer Systens:- © The modem Society hes come to depend heavily upon Cortina tus ond veliable availabity of electricity — and 0 high qpelity of Blecticity ty. Computer ond —telecormmunication netrorlts —yailwor. netmorks 5 banliny and post -alficg netvorks, canfiteae process indusbies ond {He cuppact syskms ore ust a fey a pphantns that Gust Cannot fanctire uithmd « highly yeliatle source of electncity and power. © Paver Systems need to be Conetant workin in order fa deliver ther best outst ond Gor thet ¢ system needs to be perfect nits Tanning > operaiin ond daign which. ‘s practyeally “mpoeible . + We face some problems in the funnir) PME SYSHeIne hich Vineler uy Syctonte, delivey effdene ond Liss ‘wm fu System formed «8 faults. Eyadiestion of Faults :~ we oder fo mitigate Such Coults the gists here heen made On move Complex ond acayaty to deliver Cours 4 mayorie Hs best oatpat Hlth reinimnim lores ond per a OMe real Overlook te fact that fats Gn wewr be MYRNA Complete ond tven weet syle thy Ye appear wih an equel degre A amplonity . © Thos the colettory ts the Gaus is alse alte emilee a wn predictable ond ‘it Some rare, cases 5 (antracable” ditticott fo locate. For that purpose enginesrs develop golatiens to Yeduee the present Ries ‘wm te Sqstem se syste «How de thir Protection Requiv entents | | Qe. Con are on isolated, poner Systm and ah intvcmeded "aie | fins: - Tralated Paver Sagten Preledin Pray a * Ar Feaoth over sycem 8 much Shyer a8 Compare) fo am ‘tkrconneced poser System, tharelore it dary not have & requirement Gr Complen pokctse, equipment * Faults , howeree small , stil (risk in an Taybted poner syslem | and tray Cause problems Such ag spretirg Coiteh “has ‘in generators and) will Cause domage f nad attnded to as Soon as possible - Titer connected Ponsce Sytten Protecon Paty © An Intercomected — Power System —i¢ much move Complen and, hos 4 higher re pirenenl fr grote ive oxppinent at yortouy Points. nm 4 system.if ‘Unite connected Poner syste ‘ap ping ‘4 faults My 5 con be 4 vtetin to Cascade, arent — iealated Gn the, tysiem and mest eat vesolved 4 Lead shedding as avoid — ove ~ logdivy and Posible . & Consequence with the Chane of blecleputs an Severe eat pmant domajes : © An wniteconnecked system hag a beneGt of Providing parer seven “one. pack ok the System isn’t Funetioney by Kndivg oltemate paths to the consumer load bat the SNe by — generotors need fo have gaticient Capacity te handle thoce Coods anti the fault is vesolved Qs ih Sing le synchrentus alternator docs not suffer From “Loss “of stability. Discuss, Kne Simplicity of a Single synchromtas alternafor’,~ Dw to ony Concentredion of gererstny Capacity 9 4 single, Dypclronats —Yentrator does not suffer ans ability OS compared fo & multi mach ne syslem > Which havi Wore generators — an more Complenity may Leow. unstable. Blackouts : ~ © Th case of a fault, tle protectin relays which ave aitachtd fy a Single Synehrondus genera tor System or an —“1Soleted Prey cystern remove the Yenercion fran re oyest ote bod Tr Nese “n't a back wp generator cumin lee 2y Stem : wit suffer 4 blackout® * cha SyStem 3- currents in Sul agnitude of Fault we Fear Garrent . < a singe generation fen 7 as It. 8 Me magnitude Nontt of primes Concern de d, stude, Syma aS — ompared 10 te Call - load magn Dmey swil eee Te qyettm os he Kyb-tenstord 6 Nuch greater ‘7 However, Yhy Sychrorvens genertor may (ace speed up of Vs voter due fo fhe imbalance betieen the Wechani al ‘med ond elecial butt put Severe damage, We net fended by, Qu i What do goa mean by zone af Potedion ? Ans: Consider the figure below y . ond a Caute,wy P2 2KI8 -ELE- 051 PS ray tail tis Wsually one ly Component Me the one the Lguce Component hich is Cousin the istue , elomnate dhe Aeult, Ye crac CNer tsolate the fy resdve hs Fault Gem the system , Revolving fw Laut domege ty Me Yokes time, ashich may lend to system , 89 He isolate &. s Tooltim, is done by thy — protective components all around Yhe Goulty comgontnt te sycttem Like in fhe gure, fo kNKe PPHVE —comamunts Form 0 Circle ayound fe foulty ota Which Ne ttm ag Zon ff Prolechien, ee Wher do ou men by an inten and an enternal fault 4 Arsi= Intemal fictls ». © Intent faulls ove phose - te ~ phase. fauts ahd it Causes Systm componurt failure . © Thee faults occur withn dhe Zone af protection, o Failure of ig coolirg syctims ond. ovehectig SF winks may ue internal taulls External fauits :- + Ain external fault occurs outside the © Unlike ‘wterrat Caulls Wo does not Con he Caused by lightning etc... Zone of Proteetion . cae herdwore ilure .© OQ. What so thru h foul ? « ’ Ps ;- An ws abso called through fault» 7 heopens ouls\de dhe one of prtecticn , 5, eden Piel cage aharduee faiuve, , External ¢ oult “Le Excamples of Cuch occurances Can be Caused by Lighted eter. Qi. Nhy ore adjacent zones made to over vlape Bre" Adiycent — zanee of pwlection or made Yo in Couse of a remain prtecked of the Canipmunl — Bolates only one side of the faulty area , overlep beocuse, auth ih etuid © TE the fault’ tabes place thin ony overlapped por Nion | more than yaiviimam number of Cirouit \yreaers at dnp Causing & mater disloostion ty the System ay Why one bmndarice 'n Pinchice tend ty flod ? Rrigis Th, Ahoreheal lo stud We mark oy 4 Clear Circle Zone boundry , Vimited Brandery OCeur pith enpansi ny as we Uhink {he Cutt can only at this pend, © Th practkel Cte | Poults an Kur at pomts ond. hae Vemyiny magnitudes, Vor fug- ay & Pow System Phtection . 2ktG EE A Zone boundon Ae fwzey , TMS eapand or conhct a meg be Come "The eater ot this ‘ Cary) depends on the melhod of Wear bevy hen’ ving pu n nd 0 + BiRertit Raging ves out a higher carve-ext than OVE ~aycre or dione Velagha Crees on ond Aveetiong) relogiry ‘owtinite — oindory detcd, with no end shawn, or ee Explain He deans Gesitivity ond Selechity Wer. thar use in the pwtestine laying Auld, Ans: Sensdiity *- > Th protective System must be alive to fhe Presence of he svallead felt cuveent . » The Sinsller the corre fhe more ceutitve id is Seledsay ‘ » Th spe of Keeton chien be very Selective inv foley and deer Ae foulk Tacdly, Xe goteclve syste shoul zem-in on the Saulhy Clement and wolete | Yas asin mishmon disruphn ty Nw system,® a Qu. Why vs speed of Prtuction so importont ? WSi= Me longer fhe foul persists ‘im a syste the larger io the domege fo de System — ond the Pabebihy of ochg aystem Stlty becoms higher © Th wotd bend fe sycken ete speed of Sensitivty GML speed at selecttity of a protectin Syston ig, hugher & High speeds ol there papertico enable the syskm te Ncolate ond detect Ae faut ae qpiclly as potsible county minimum — (oss fo The system eyirypmint ond — function © Speed and cowraey hor (on inverse wdationshp. . Speed ond actumnoy of oteet ve epmipnweads— guct be batemeed, © achive — best perlormence, Qh. Why ts Bock-ap protection peated ? Ans'~ 6 Thee nll be a dime ng Sfstem hn the PRmar protection — could — fail, + Could be bene af Codares at CT lw caveat beelver . } relay oryet 2 @) Fe Prokeetir, - 2HIB- Ee - 05) to such a Case Seenano g Redes Vine of delense is’ needed = 385 : The is Why We use. Bachap prolecttve, epiants or Somado YP rants of Protect, which have no palttone Wh Pinoy “eqnpmaats of prelim, ond are operated. with delay Cyl to time of primewy protechivn achvation, Bas Rrmey crest breaber — @ctivation, edn case oh Comper, ond defiled issues 4his could protect Ne system (Ry) fram utter ond tote failure , Qr. Wht do you teen by maloperatin of relay ? Aes. eo Thue shold be proper Grordiration helieen- the operat He of Prmeny end backup reloys. + Whin the pvmoyy ond backap rele dy nat openle iw Ben order | they may lace Co-ordination , © Tr such a Case Ney may, both operate (aad to onger fannecessony — disruption ty the syter, © This caucey —ineticienny andl hy of System hye pos & threat fo We wdtital syste protection as wells © This misco-oydinetion can be termed a8 — mal ~opert im, ok the protective yey system .9 | QU. What ds goo arcan by avg ae wis > sdeckvity tas hw Time Rngs- +R means that He system 18 noble bo determine which velay needs ac dlalton . © Ws is couced by moor Aggy ip the backup Poectle With — Cautes. MIS Cyr ordinal ten Vetween Ye prtmomy anak udp relay Process, 0 Ths % a press Ahi deloy wings th operes\ton Ww very smpor faint ,. = Ping change me these dimings could couse Ietebilt af eagle Timings of oprredion , y > Ths percess, ‘is Atma, a vnaloperatiiony of Selecdiviey ne PAMEY and. backae relay. Qu. Whet ore advantages at high Speed protection? An: © Reduces — mechanteal. cmd electra weer & 4 Arensformer and they Compontate of Syston, o Eqbinces qilc aad pertonnel safety o Kncreagen (Ute oh system L 2 Tigre we eraltonWs. Wheat Ore Ww ? Bhs. 8 \ Ne ‘nur CGE, Aha, ifs of high-speed proketin? ee we high Speed a may 4 hand Petormeny gs an Spot but ih Ne 4 fault W eltmiuted. on Some dr oybacks boo, © Someliind even 9, rromentmy foul ov Surge which does Wl al(cod Ye ow System leads by Srnectssery dele - : Ksyh speed Pricchion rn ale led by braceurecy \n speed of selectniy ond speed of detectvan weaning Ahab ena yor Faull Is Gverlwd) ove looked ond —& yninot Faulh ig revived lendiy ty ‘nel feiny ok operation + May alco cute mnaloperctionn of pidteclive C4 pent as fhuy cannd Iendle such freqant ostehing | ai Cx on estinate of cdveuit breaker operat dime , Angi = 2 Circuit breaker operates nN about 0+ 0.2 seeonds te o- (seconds oh 8 Comal tb te Pree areing lime. and ofc kame ok Syston faull -(12) Qa. Gir on estimate Fins toe he Normal, gin ag at Yeloy - Sperotig time . ‘Wnverse, aunte SY apesetg time is be 0.4 (PM)(o-02) —1 where PSM (olny settivg multiple) is the actual fault arent fo the reley “current v&tio , Lets. sey fis yatio varits bly lo ~ (12.6 then time Gr such a reloy is, Vanging between 0+ (FS seconds to 0+ IBF seconds - This relay hme, changes ond virits as the hype of Wale Changes. + We disuawed the ectinat Sor 6 normal taverse, curve velay, undtr geaural PUM raths UaKyry bebwen 10 4 12.5, © [oO 12-5 range is also rat fred ond yas) Vory Aegudiy 4pm Rae system and load Yeqsirenen.