ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

1st class session: 7/10/2021

SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS
*Energy gap also known as band gap – energy required
*Conduction band- bond of atoms that performs conduction

*Valence band- holds an atom

* For conductor, band gap is zero. The conduction and valence band are overlapping making the atoms
harder to move. Thus, making the conducting of electricity easier.

*Covalent bonding is stronger than ionic bonding since it shares electrons rather than giving off

*Threshold voltage or voltage drop – required voltage to perform function/to conduct

* Compounds are used in lieu of pure elements

*Selenium is mostly used for LED

*When applied with heat, the valence gap moves freely to conduction gap, leaving a HOLE behind.

*Recombination- the process of getting the electronic back to the whole (movement of electron)
another hole is created, then another electron fills in, this continuously happen if the temp is high or
even higher

*p- or n - means it is lightly doped

*p+ or n+ means it is heavily doped

*DIODE is a combination of p type and n type of material