PROBABILITY OF COMBINED EVENTS OR KEBARANGKALIAN PERISTIWA BERGABUNG KSSM MATHS SIR VEN SPM Scanned with CamScannerDua orang murid dipilih untuk mengadakan suatu perbentangan di dalam kelas. Mereka dipilih |daripada kumpulan yang mempunyai dua orang murid lelaki dan tiga orang murid perempuan tanpa pemulangan. Two students are chosen to carry out a presentation in the class. They are chosen from a group of two male students and three female students without replacement. (i) Lakar satu gambar rajah pokok untuk menyenaraikan semua kesudahan yang mungkin. Sketch a tree diagram to list all the possible outcomes. (ii) Hitung kebarangkalian bahawa Calculate the probability that (a) seorang murid lelaki dan seorang murid perempuan dipilih. a male student and a female student are chosen. (b) sekurang-kurangnya seorang murid lelaki dipilih. at least a male student is chosen. Scanned with CamScanner(i) Murid Murid kedua Kesudahan pertama Second student Outcome First student 1 4 (L, L) 2 4 L a L 5 es (LP) L (P, L) 2 fe (P, P) SPOR ALOR =20 * 20 -i12_3 E2075 (b) P(L, P) + P(P, L) + P(L, L) “(22)+(B03)-Bed) =O 46842 20 * 20 * 20 _14_7 ~ 20 ~ 10 ned Scanned with CamScanneret {dua ekor anak kucing dipilih -oleh Seorang pelanggan di sebuah kedai haiwan untuk dibelj sebagai haiwan peliharaan. Mereka dipilih daripada kumpulan yang mempunyai empat ekor anak kucing jantan dan dua ekor anak kucing betina tanpa pemulangan. Two kittens are chosen by a customer in a pet shop to be bought as a pet. They are chosen from a group of four male kittens and two female-kittens without replacement. (i) Lakar satu gambar rajah pokok untuk menyenaraikan semua kesudahan yang mungkin. Sketch a tree diagram to list-all the possible outcomes. (ii) Hitung kebarangkalian bahawa Calculate the probability that (a) seekor anak kucing jantan dan seekor anak kucing betina dipilih. a male kitten and a female kitten are chosen. (b) sekurang-kurangnya seekor anak kucing betina dipilih. at least a female kitten is chosen. Scanned with CamScanner- (a) (i) Anak kucing Anak kucing Kesudahan pertama kedua First kitten Second kitten Outcome 3 4 5 J Wd) S J =a z B (J, B) 4g mi! 6 1 B (B, B) 5 (ii) (a) P(J, B) + P(B, J) -8,8 ~ 30 30 16_ 8 =30° «15 (b) P(J, B) + P(B, J) + P(B, B) o($e3)+[eed)(Bo3) 8, 8,2 ~ 30° 30 30 -18 3 30°=5 Scanned with CamScanner“Sebuah bekas mempunyai 24 biji gula-gula. 8 biji daripadanya berperisa epal_ manakala pakinya berperisa mangga. Dua biji gula-gula dipilih secara rawak daripada bekas itu dengan adanya pemulangan. A container contains 24 sweets. 8 of the sweets are apple flavored while the remainder is mango flavored. Two sweets are chosen randomly from the container with replacement. (i) Lakar satu gambar rajah pokok untuk menyenaraikan semua kesudahan yang mungkin. | Sketch a tree diagram to list all the possible outcomes, (ii) Hitung kebarangkalian bahawa Calculate the probability that (a) kedua-dua biji gula-gula yang dipilih adalah berperisa epal. both sweets chosen are apple flavored. (b) gula-gula yang dipilih. mempunyai Perisa berlainan. the sweets chosen are of different flavors. Scanned with CamScanner(b) (i) Gula-gula Gula-gula ge. aat 8 2 E (8,8) aE g 16 M (E, M) m4 km, E) 24 16 38 mM 24 ey (M, M) 24 (ii) (a) P(E, E) _ 8 ~ 24 24 _ 64 576 oi “9 (b) P(E, M) + P(M, B) B16), (16 8 -(% * na) * (G4) 2 +5 o> o[N Scanned with CamScannerSebuah bekas mempunyai 18 biji guli. Satu pér tiga daripadanya adalah guli hitam manakala bakinya adalah guli biru. Dua biji guli dipilih secara rawak daripada bekas itu\dengan adanya pemulangan. A container contains 18 marbles. One third of the marbles are black marbles while the remainder are blue marbles. Two marbles are chosen‘randomly from the container with replacement. | (i) Lakar satu. gambar rajah pokok untuk | menyenaraikan semua kesudahan yang | mungkin. | Sketch a tree-diagram to list all the possible outcomes. (ii) Hitung kebarangkalian bahawa Calculate the probability that (a) kedua-dua biji guli. yang dipilih adalah berwarna biru. both marbles chosen are blue marbles. (b) guli yang dipilih mempunyai warna berlainan. the marbles chosen are of different colours. Scanned with CamScanner¥ (c) (i) Gulipertama Gulikedua Kesudahan First marble Second marble Outcome 6 6 18 A (H, H) pI 12 B (H, B) 6 Tg 12-8 a cia 18 42 B (B, B) 18 (ii) (a) P(B, B) 1201 J2 Az = 18 _ 144 ~ 324 4 9 (b) P(H, B) + P(B, H) 6 12), (12, 6 =(5*48)* G3 as) +2 9 i} | a oly Scanned with CamScannerKebarangkalian Kenji masuk universiti X, ¥ atau Z masing-masing adalah 0.3, 0.6 dan 0.8. Hitung kebarangkalian Kenji The probability Kenji gains entry into university X, ¥ or Z is 0.3, 0.6 and 0.8 respectively. Calculate the probability that Kenji is admitted into (i) masuk universiti Z sahaja, / university Z only, (ii) tidak masuk semua universiti itu, / none of the universities, (ii) masuk salah satu universiti itu. / only one of the universities. ‘Scanned with CamScanner(i) P(universiti Z) = 0.8 x 0.7 x 0.4 P(university Z) = 0.224 (ii) P(tidak masuk)= 0.7 x 0.4 x 0.2 P(none) = 0.056 (iii) P(salah satu universiti) P(one of the university) = (0.3 x 0.4 x 0.2) + (0.7 x 0.6 x 0.2) + (0.7 x 0.4 x 0.8) = 0.332 Scanned with CamScannerSebuah beg mengandungi 25 biji epal dan 5 daripadanya didapati rosak. Jika tiga biji epal dikeluarkan satu demi satu tanpa dikembalikan ke dalam beg, hitung kebarangkalian bahawa A bag contains 25 apples and 5 of the apples are rotten. If three apples are picked one-after the other without returning into the bag, calculate the probability that (i) dua biji epal itu adalah rosak, two of the apples are rotten, (ii) dua biji epal itu adalah baik, two of the apples are good, (iii) selebih-lebihnya dua biji epal adalah rosak. at most two apple is rotten. Scanned with CamScanner5. (a) (i) P(2 bijirosak) = 2x4, 20,3 P(2 rotten applies) 25 24 *33 * 2 23 (ii) P(2 bijibaiky =29,19, 5,3 P(2 good apples) 25 2 23 -19 46 (ili) P(S 2 bijirosak) = 1 - P(semua rosak) P(S 2 rotten apples) = 1 - P(all rotten) =1-2x4A,3 25° 24 23 _ 229 230 Scanned with CamScanner(Suatu tinjauan. mendapati kebarangkalian seorang murid melanjutkan pelajaran selepas SPM adalah 0.7. Jika tiga orang murid lepasan SPM dipilih secara rawak, hitung kebarangkalian bahawa A survey shows the probability of a student to further his studies after SPM is 0.7. If three SPM leavers are chosen at random, calculate the probability that (i) hanya seorang melanjutkan pelajaran selepas SPM, only one of them furthers his studies after SPM, (ii) lebih daripada. dua orang melanjutkan pelajaran selepas SPM, pod than two of them further their studies after (iii) tiadac orang yang melanjutkan pelajaran selepas SPM. none of them further their studies after SPM. Scanned with CamScanner(b) (i) P(hanya seorang) = 0.7 x 0.3 x 0.3.x 3 P(only one) = 0.189 (ii) P(semua orang) = 0.7 x 0.7 x 0.7 P(everyone) = 0.343 (iii) P(tiada orang) = 0.3 x 0.3 x 0.3 P(none of them) = 0.027 Scanned with CamScannerf Tentukan sama ada setiap peristiwa berikut adalah peristiwa saling eksklusif atau tidak saling eksklusif Determine whether each of the following events is mutually exclusive event or non-mutually exclusive event. ‘Scanned with CamScannerp Memilih sebiji bola merah dan_ sebiji' bola hitam daripada~sebuah beg yang mengandungi 3 biji -bola merah dan 2 biji bola-hitam. Selecting a red ball and a. black ball from a bag that-contains 3 red balls and 2 black balls. Scanned with CamScannerSaling eksklusif Mutually exclusiveMemilih satu”. ‘nombor perdana dan_satu-nombor ganjil daripada set R = (23, 25, 27, 31, 37, 39) _ Selecting a prime number and an odd number from the set R = (23, 25, 27, 31, 37, 39} Scanned with CamScannerTidak saling eksklusif Non-mutually exclusive) Memilih satu vokal dan satu konsonan’ pada masa yang sama daripada senarai abjad. Selecting a vowel and a.consonant atthe same time from a list of alphabets, Scanned with CamScannery + berikut: Diberi 5 = {x : 20 < x < 50) dan tiga peristiwa £, F dan G adalah ditakrifkan seperti berikut: Given S = |x: 20 < x < 50) and the three events E, F and Gare defined as follows: = (suatu nombor perdana} / {a prime number} F = (nombor yang boleh dibahagikan dengan 7} / {number that is divisible by 7) G = [suatu nombor gandaan 3} / {a multiple of 3) Tentukan sama ada pasangan peristiwa yang berikut adalah saling eksklusif. Determine whether the following pairs of events are mutually exclusive. (i) Edan/ and F (ii) Edan/ andG (ili) Fdan / and G ‘Scanned with CamScanner, (a) Saling eksklusif Mutually exclusive (b) E = {23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47} F= {21, 28, 35, 42, 49} G = {21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48} (i) EM F = 0; saling eksklusif / mutually exclusive (ii) EM G = 0; saling eksklusif / mutually exclusive (iii) FN G = {21, 42}; tidak saling eksklusif / non-mutually exclusive Scanned with CamScannerGambar rajah Venn di bawah menunjukkan hubungan antara set semesta, , A, B dan C. The Venn diagram below shows the relationship between the universal set, £, A, Band C. Satu nombor dipilih secara rawak daripada set semesta, €. Tentusahkan rumus penambahan kebarangkalian bagi setiap peristiwa bergabung berikut. A number is chosen at random from the universal set, &. Verify the addition rule of probability for each of the following combined events. (i) Mendapat satu nombor gandaan 3 atau nombor gandaan 7, Obtaining a multiple of 3. or a multiple of 7. (ii) Mendapat satu nombor gandaan 3 atau nombor perdana. Obtaining a multiple of 3 ora prime number. Scanned with CamScannern(A UC) n(S) 5 2 4 1 P(A) + P(C) ->atp7*D Maka, terbukti bahawa P(A U C) = P(A) + AO). Hence, it is proven that P(A U C) = P(A) + P(C). (i) PPAUQ= (iy Pla Ua) = Me “2 oe 3 P(A) + P(B) - P(AM B) 2 A eas 22 12 =e 7 Maka, terbukti bahawa P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B)- P(A MB). Hence, it is proven that P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AN B) ‘Scanned with CamScanner" Gambar rajah Venn di bawah menunjukkan hubungan antara set semesta, &, P, Q dan R. The Venn diagram below shows the relationship between the universal set, é, P Qand R. Satu nombor dipilih secara rawak daripada set semesta, €. Tentusahkan rumus penambahan kebarangkalian bagi setiap _peristiwa bergabung berikut. A number is chosen at random from the universal set, €. Verify the addition rule of, Probability for each of the following combined events. (i) Mendapat satu nombor kuasa dua sempurna atau nombor gandaan 8. Obtaining a perfect Square number or a multiple of 8. (ii) Mendapat satu nombor kuasa dua sempurna atau faktor bagi 8. Obtaining a perfect Square number or a factor of 8. red with CamScannern(X UZ) n(S) 4 9 . (a) (i) P(XUZ) = 3,14 P(X) + PZ)= > Sa S Maka, terbukti bahawa P(X U Z) = P(X) + P(Z). Hence, it is proven that P(X U Z) = P(X) + P(Z). n(X UY) (ii) P(XUY) = aa) volun P(X) + P(Y) P(X Y) 4 2 *979 oly olw Maka, terbukti bahawa P(X U Y) = P(X) + PY) - (XN). Hence, it is proven that P(XU Y) = P(X) + P(Y) = P(X Y). Scanned with CamScannerSebiji dadu dilontarkan. Diberi peristiwa M ialah memperoleh nombor ganjil dan peristiwa N ialah memperoleh nombor perdana. A dice is tossed. Given an event M is getting an odd number and an event N is getting a prime number. (i) Senaraikan semua unsur dalam ruang sampel, peristiwa M dan peristiwa N. Kemudian, bina sebuah gambar rajah Venn dan lorekkan M U N. List all the elements in the sample space, event M and event N. Then,:construct.a Venn diagram and shade MUN. Hitung P(M U N). Calculate P(M U N). (ii Scanned with CamScannerPenyelesaian: ee M = ({I, 3, 5} N = {2, 3, 5} MON = ({3, 5} (ii) P(MUN) wily ale ‘Scanned with CamScannerSatu bulan. dipilih secara rawak dalam setahun. Diberi M ialah peristiwa memperoleh bulan bermula huruf J dan peristiwa N ialah memperoleh bulan dengan 31 hari. A month is chosen at random from a year. Given M is the event of obtaining a month starts with letter J and N is the event of obtaining a month with 31 days. (i) Senaraikan semua unsur dalam ruang sampel, peristiwa M dan peristiwa N. Kemudian, bina sebuah gambar rajah Venn dan lorekkan MU N. List all the elements in the sample space, event M and event N. Then, construct a Venn diagram and shadeMUN. (ii) Hitung P(M U N). Calculate (MU NN). Scanned with CamScanner.(a) (i) S= (Jan, Feb, Mac, Apr, Mei, Jun, Jul, Ogo, Sep, Okt, Nov, Dis} (Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec} M = {Jan, Jun, Jul} / (Jan, Jun, Jul) N= (Jan, Mac, Mei, Jul, Ogo, Okt, Dis} {Jan, Mar, May, Jul, Aug, Okt, Dec} Scanned with CamScannerSebuah beg mempunyai 5 biji butang hitam, 2 biji butang biru dan 3 biji butang hijau. Sebiji butang dipilih secara rawak daripada beg itu. Diberi M ialah peristiwa mendapat sebiji butang hitam dan Nialah peristiwa mendapat sebiji butang hijau. A bag contains 5 black buttons, 2 blue buttons and 3 green buttons. A button is chosen randomly from the bag. Given M is the event of getting a black button and Nis the event of getting a green button. (i) Senaraikan semua unsur dalam ruang sampel, peristiwa M dan peristiwa N. Kemudian, bina sebuah gambar rajah Venn dan lorekkan M U N. List all the elements in the sample space, event M and event N. Then, construct a Venn diagram and shadeMUN. (ii) Hitung P(M UN). Calculate (MU N). Scanned with CamScanner2 (b) (i) Katakan H ialah butang hitam, B ialah butang biru dan G ialah butang hijau. Let H is black button, B is blue button and G is green button. (ii) PIM UN) =5 4 5 Scanned with CamScannerf Gambar rajah Venn di sebelah menunjukkan hubungan antara set semesta, £, set J, set K dan set L. Diberi bahawa set Jialah murid yang memakai cermin mata, set K ialah murid dengan hobi membaca dan set L ialah ahli Kelab Pidato. The Venn dlagram shows the relationship between universal set, §, set J, set K and set L. Given that set J is the students who wear spectacles, set Kis the students with reading as hobby and set L s the members of Kelab Pidato. Hitung / Calculate () PUUR) (ii) KUL) Scanned with CamScanner() Gi) PUUK)=Z CDG > 8 (ii) P(K UL) = Scanned with CamScannerf Dua biji dadu yang adil dilambungkan serentak. Diberi peristiwa: Two fair die are tossed together. Given events: K = (kedua-dua adalah nombor yang sama} {both showing the same number} L_ = {hasil darab kedua-dua nombor adalah 20 ithe product of the two numbers is 20} M = {kedua-dua adalah nombor kurang daripada 4} {both numbers are less than 4) N = {kedua-dua adalah nombor genap} {both showing even numbers} Cari / Find (i) P(K atau / or L) (ii) P(L atau / or M) (iii) P(K atau / or N) Scanned with CamScanner1. (a) {(L, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} (4, 5), (5, 4)} = {(, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)} N = {(2, 2), (4,4), (6, 6)} K L M (i) P(K UL) = P(K) + P(L) = (ii) P(L U M) = P(L) + P(M) = 36° (iii) P(K U.N) = P(K) + P(N) = + 9 Scanned with CamScannerSuatu banci penduduk menunjukkan terdapat | 25% kanak-kanak di bawah umur 12 tahun, 16% | remaja di bawah umur 21 tahun dan selebihnya orang dewasa. Jika seorang penduduk dipilih secara rawak, hitung kebarangkalian bahawa A population census shows that there are 25% children | below the age of 12, 16% teenagers below the age of| 21 and the rest are adults. If a citizen is chosen at random, calculate the probability that | (i) penduduk itu adalah seorang kanak-kanak | atau orang dewasa, | the citizen is a child or an adult, (ii) penduduk itu adalah seorang remaja atau | orang dewasa, the citizen is a teenager or an adult, (iii) penduduk itu mewakili salah satu golongan umur. the citizen represents one of the age groups. Scanned with CamScanner25_ ‘100, 84 100 -21 ~ 25 (b) (i) P(KU D)= (ii) P(R UD) = +55 = 75_ 100 3 4 (iii) P(K UR U D) = 1 16, 7 * 59 100 59 100 Scanned with CamScanner‘Jadual di bawah menunjukkan bilangan ahli kelab mengikut jantina dalam kelas 4 Cermat. Seorang murid dipilih secara rawak daripada kelas itu. The table below shows the number of clubs members according to gender in class 4 Cermat. A student is chosen randomly from the class. Kelab ©} Matematik| Sains | Kimia Club Mathematics | Science | Chemistry Lelaki Male 8 5 4 Perempuan: Female e a 5 Hitung kebarangkalian memilih seorang murid lelaki atau seorang ahli Kelab Sains. Calculate the probability of choosing a male student or a member of Science Club. Scanned with CamScanner(c) P(murid lelaki atau ahli Kelab Sains) P(a male student or a member of Science Club) 125 35. 35 a(S) = 35 n(murid lelaki / male student) = 8 +5+7 =17 n(ahli Kelab Sains / member of Science Club) = 5 + 7 =12 n(murid lelaki N ahli kelas sains) n(male student 0 member of Science Club) =5 Scanned with CamScanner, Kebarangkalian bahawa Shamimi dipilih sebagai seorang pengerusi kelab ialah 2 manakala kebarangkalian Shuhada dipilih sebagai seorang = . 4 pengerusi kelab ialah 7 The probability of Shamimi being chosen.as a chairman of a club is while the probability of Shuhada being chosen as a chairman of a club is 4 (i) Wakilkan kebarangkalian Shamimi dan Shuhada dipilih sebagai pengerusi kelab dengan menggunakan gambar rajah Venn. Represent the probability that Shamimi and Shuhada being chosen as a chairman of a club using a Venn diagram. (ii) Hitung kebarangkalian bahawa Shamimi atau Shuhada dipilih ‘sebagai pengerusi kelab. Calculate the probability that Shamimi or Shuhada being chosen as a chairman of a club. Scanned with CamScannerShamimi Shuhada (ii) P(Shamimi dan Shuhada dipilih sebagai pengerusi kelab / Shamimi and Shuhada are chosen as chairman) a2y4e 8 5 9 45 P(hanya Shamimi dipilih sebagai pengerusi kelab / only Shamimi is chosen as a chairman) 2 = P(hanya Shuhada dipilih sebagai pengerusi kelab / only Shuhada is chosen as a chairman) _4 _ 4 9° 45 °«I5 P(Shamimi atau Shuhada dipilih sebagai pengerusi kelab / Shamimi or Shuhada is chosen as chairman) 2,4 8 “5379 45° 3 Scanned with CamScanner' Kebarangkalian bahawa sebiji cawan yang dihasikan oleh sebuah kilang» mengalami | kerosakan ialah +. Dua biji cawan dipilih . secara rawak. Lakar satu gambar rajah pokok untuk menyenaraikan semua kesudahan yang mungkin. Seterusnya, hitung kebarangkalian | bahawa sekurang-kurangnya sebiji cawan yang dipilih mengalami masalah kerosakan. | The probability that a cup produced by a factory damaged is + Two cups are randomly chosen. Sketch a tree diagram to list all the possible outcomes. Hence, calculate the probability that at least one of the cups chosen is damaged. Scanned with CamScanner(e) Biar / Let R = cawan yang dipilih rosak / the cup chosen is damaged R’ = cawan yang dipilih tidak rosak / the cup chosen is not damaged Cawan Cawankedua Kesudahan pertama ‘Second cup Outcome First cup a 4 att Tk OD u R : : 42 (RR wl R (RR) Pp eT Za RR’ (RR) P(sekurang-kurangnya sebiji cawan yang dipilih rosak) | Pint least one of the chosen cup is damaged) = P(R, R) + P(R, R’) + (RR) , = (fet) (ean) Gren 8 = 121 16 , 28 *7ar* 121 72 21 ‘Scanned with CamScanner