Title: Learning Resources and Instructional

Accommodation
• Indigenization and Contextualization of the
Curriculum
a. ALS
b. OSY
c. Disadvantaged Children
d. Adult Learners

Introduction: Objectives
At the end of the discussion, we will be able to:
. Determine the relationship between indigenization and contextualization in the curriculum
. Identify various learning resources that can be applied to the alternative learning system and
. Apply the ways, learning resources, and instructional accommodations in teaching special and inclusive
education.

Indigenization and contextualization of the curriculum

contextualization refers to the educational process of relating the curriculum to a particular setting
situation, or area of application to make the competencies relevant,, meaningful, and useful to all
learners.

Indigenization refers to the process of enhancing curriculum competencies, educational resources, and
teaching learning processes in relations to the biogeographical, historical, and social cultural context of
the learners community.

Content:

Here are some ways to indigenize and they colonize curriculum

. Acknowledge traditional territories of first people using a variety of mediums
Examples are in lectures course outlines and web based course architecture like blackboard.
. Works with elders and knowledge keepers to infuse cultures into curriculum
. Understand indigenous worldviews, the distinction and diversity of indigenous people by language,
cultures and regions.
. Include indigenous perspectives and learn about and use indigenous Pedagogical approaches .
. Visit indigenous communities for field trips events and feasts
. Incorporate talking circles to facilitate communication (circle methodology) respect and recognize
rights for distinctive indigenous custom, spirituality, Traditions and practices use indigenous principles of
learning such as experential and lifelong learning approaches
. Use the oral tradition telling stories with guest speakers such as elders knowledge keepers and
community leaders
. Use indigenous research methodologies
. Use indigenous author text articles and books
. Use indigenous film hire indigenous instructors

A LS
Alternative learning system
The alternative learning system utilizes learning modules. Each module is complete in itself. It contains
the objectives and description of the module, learning activities, and pre and post tests. Modules for
basic and lower elementary learners come with a facilitator’s guide. Meanwhile, modules for advanced
elementary and secondary where designed for self learning.

Supplementary materials are important in the conduct of alternative learning system learning sessions,
additional materials make learning session more effective by reinforcing newly acquired literacy skills.
They also serve as springboards to new lessons, thus Making learning more fun and interesting.
Multimedia use also gives both facilitators and learners a chance to access new information and
technology and activates multi sensory learning.

OSY
Out of school youth
It is defined as and eligible youth who is a school dropout
Or an eligible youth who has received a secondary school diploma or it’s equivalent but it’s basic skills
deficient, unemployed, or under employed.
Low quality of life, a lot of life skills and social skills, and behavioral issues are among the issues
confronting out of school children and youth.

What are the programs for out of school youth in the Philippines?
Drop outs from formal elementary and secondary levels:
Continuing education: Accreditation and equivalency program
The accreditation and equivalency program is a program aimed at providing an alternative pathway of
learning for out of school children, youth, and adults who are basically literate but who have not
completed the 10 years of basic education undated by the Philippine constitution. Through this
program, school drop outs are able to complete their elementary and high school education outside of
the formal school system

Disadvantaged children
Student from low income household face significant barriers that typically persist through their school
years. Studies have shown that as these students enter adulthood, They are typically earn less, have
limited or no access to health care, are more likely to suffer from obesity and its complications such as
diabetes and heart disease, And are at greater risk for homicide or violent assault. Or it can be defined
as disadvantaged children who in their backgrounds are socially or culturally deprived to such a degree
that without supplemental facilities and services they cannot profit in the regular school program to the
same extent as children with normal backgrounds.

Disadvantaged students can face particular difficulties at all schools. Some pupils from disadvantaged
backgrounds don’t have someone to aspire to or someone who has an aspiration for them.
What can you do?
. Treat students equally disadvantage is students can perform to the same standard as their advantage
counterparts and progress to university.
.Make sure students are signed up to get free meals, students don’t go hungry while schools receive
extra funding, which can be used to further help Pupils.
. Encourage all students to get enough sleep period disadvantaged students may have more complicated
sleeping or home arrangements, but students who are tired find it harder to study.
. Offer counseling. If funding is available, look for external counselors.
. Set up mentoring for students and teachers. Student can learn from their peers how to handle difficult
situations and make the most of their schooling.
. Teachers can discuss students or situations that need attention or special care.
. Identify students who would benefit from more help either in groups, perhaps in breakfast or
homework clubs, or break time sessions with snacks as added incentives, or one on one.
. Provide career talks and opportunities to meet positive role models develop alumni networks with
future firsts help.

Adult learners
Adult learning can encompass a variety of learning activities ranging from formal coursework completed
at an educational institution to non formal training courses provided through the workplace or
community organizations. Many adult learners are those who have taken a break from education period
they could be returning to finish a degree or be studying to gain a new qualification. With this in mind,
we should think about where adult learners priorities and goals may lie.
While all teaching methods may have similar traits, teaching adults will be a different experience from
teaching younger people. The principles of adult teaching stem from the adult learning theory, which we
will explore shortly.
The principles are that adult learners tend to learn best under these conditions. When their education
can be self directed, they need to be somewhat involved in the planning of their education period when
the lesson plans incorporate background knowledge and experiences. When the learning is offered in an
active manner rather than passively. When the learning is relevant to their curriculum circumstances
and can be applied to some aspect of their living.

Additional Readings:_________________________________________

References: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fttCcZscClI