10 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURE

■ AGRICULTURE :

Que : The word agriculture is derived from which latin words?

Ans : The word 'Agriculture' is derived from two latin words ‘Ager’ or ‘Agri’ which
means Soil / Piece of land and ‘Culture’which means Ploughing or Cultivation.

Que : The science and art of preparing the land for the cultivation of crops on the
soil and the rearing of livestock is known as ____
Ans : Agriculture

Que The term Agriculture includes not only farming. It also includes ___.
Ans : Cattle rearing, Dairy farming, Flowers and Fruits cultivation.
■ FEATURES OF AGRICULTURE :

Que : Agriculture is a ____ activity.

Ans : Primary Activity.

Que :_____is the oldest occupation (economic activity) of the human civilization.
Ans : Agriculture / Farming

Que :The types of Agriculture varies from one place to another. It may be
_______at one place and _____on the other place.
Ans : Subsistence Farming, Commercial Farming

Que : In the present era _____is an interface of an industry.

Ans : Agriculture (especially plantation)

Que : Which of the following methods have been changed depending upon the characteristics
of physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practice?
(a) Industrial activity
(b) Irrigation Pattern

(c) Cultivation ✓
(d) None of these
■ INDIA : AN AGRICULTURAL COUNTRY :
Que :The oldest and traditional economic activity of India is ____
Ans : Agriculture

Que : What population of India is engaged in agricultural activities?

(a) Two-Third ✓
(b) Three-Fourth
(c) One-Fourth
(d) Two-Fourth

Que : What percentage of workforce comes under agricultural activity?

(a) 62 percent

(b) 52 percent ✓
(c) More than 70 percent
(d) Less than 50 percent
■ DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGRICULTURE PRACTISED IN INDIA :
■ SUBSISTENCE FARMING :
Que : The Farming which is practised primarily (mainly) to meet the needs of a
farmer's family or a community subsistence is called _____.
Ans : Subsistence Farming.

Que : In which type of farming farmers use low level of technology, simple tools
and implements and household labour to produce food grains ?
Ans : Subsistence Farming.

Que : In which farming farmers produce less food grains to meets his family's or
community requirements not for sale in the market ?
Ans : Subsistence Farming.

Que : Types of Subsistence Farming ?

Ans :
Primitive Subsistence Farming
Intensive Subsistence Farming
(1) PRIMITIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING :
Que : The Farming which is practised on a small piece (patch) of land with the
help of primitive tools such as hoe, dao, digging sticks and household labour is
called ____.
Ans : Primitive Subsistence Farming

Que : The type of Farming which depends upon monsoon (rain), natural fertility of
the soil and other environmental factors or conditions which are suitable to grow
crops is ____.
Ans : Primitive Subsistence Farming

Que : Primitive subsistence farming is also known as _____.

(a) Mixed farming
(b) Cooperative farming
(c) Slash and bum agriculture
(d) Commercial farming
Ans : (c) Slash and bum agriculture

Que : It is a farming which is practised on a small patch of land with the help of
hoe, dao, digging sticks and depends on monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and
other environmental factors or conditions which are suitable to grow crops.
Identify the type of farming mentioned above.
(a) Intensive Farming
(b) Extensive Farming
(c) Primitive Subsistence Farming
(d) Intensive Subsistence Farming
Ans : (c) Primitive Subsistence Farming
SHIFTING CULTIVATION :
Que : A type of cultivation in which farmers or tribal people clear forests by
cutting and burning the trees to produce cereals and other crops to sustain their
family is known as ____.
Ans : Shifting cultivation

Que : The Shifting Cultivation is also known as _____.

Ans : Slash and Burn Agriculture.

Que : ______is practised in those areas which have thick forests and received
heavy rainfall.
Ans : Shifting Cultivation

Que : Which type of cultivation or farming allow nature to replenish the fertility of
the soil as the cultivators left land for 12 -18 years.
Ans : Shifting Cultivation

Que : What is the major drawback of the Shifting Cultivation ?

Ans : This type of Farming is not suitable for environment.
It leads to deforestation and loss of vegetation cover (forests).
It also causes soil erosion and soil exhaustion.

Que : Countries in which Shifting Cultivation is practised ?

Ans : Brazil, Indonesia, Amazon Basin, Africa, Vietnam etc.

Que : Regions / states of India in which Shifting Cultivation is practised ?

Ans : Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur etc.

Que : Some major crops grown in Shifting cultivation?

Ans : Maize, Yam, Potatoes, Cassava, Millets, Manioc etc.
NAME OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD :
NAMES COUNTRIES

Milpa Mexico and Central America

Conuco Venzuela

Roca Brazil

Masole Central Africa

Ladang Indonesia

Ray Vietnam

Caingin Philippines

Swidden Africa
NAME OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION IN DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA :
NAMES STATES

Bewar Madhya Pradesh

Dahiya Madhya Pradesh
Podu Andhra Pradesh
Penda Andhra Pradesh
Pama Dabi Odisha
Koman Odisha
Bringa Odisha
Waltre South Eastern Rajasthan
Valre South - Eastern Rajasthan
Kumari Western Ghats
Khil Himalayan Belt
Kuruwa Jharkhand
Pamlou Manipur
Dipa Chhattisgarh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Jhumming N.Eastern States (Assam, Meghalaya Mizoram,
Nagaland)

Que : Which of the following farming practice depends upon monsoon, natural
fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions?
(a) Commercial farming
(b) Intensive subsistence farming
(c) Primitive subsistence farming
(d) Plantation
Ans : (c) Primitive subsistence farming
Que : Hoe, dao, digging sticks are associated with :
(a) Primitive subsistence farming
(b) Commercial farming
(c) Green revolution
(d) Horticulture
Ans : (a) Primitive subsistence farming

Que : Slash and burn agriculture is a :

(a) Shifting agriculture
(b) Commercial agriculture
(c) Plantation agriculture
(d) Intensive agriculture
Ans : (a) Shifting agriculture

Que : _____is a slash and burn agriculture.

(a) Extensive farming
(b) Commercial subsistence farming
(c) Jhumming
(d) None of the above
Ans : (c) Jhumming

Que : Which of the following is NOT correctly associated :

(a) Milpa --Mexico
(b) Roca -- Brazil
(c) Ray-- Vietnam
(d) Ladang --Africa
Ans : (d) Ladang --Africa
Que : In which of the following countries the 'slash and burn agriculture is known
as 'Roca'?
(a) Brazil
(b) Indonesia
(c) Central Africa
(d) All the above
Ans : (a) Brazil

Que : Jhumming in Brazil is called:

(a) Ladang
(b) Masole
(c) Roca
(d) None of these
Ans : (c) Roca

Que : Which one of the other names in different states about the slash and burn
agriculture is correct ?
(a) Bewar in Andhra Pradesh
(b) Kuruwa in Jharkhand
(c) Valre in Meghalaya
(d) Podu in Himachal Pradesh
Ans : (b) Kuruwa in Jharkhand
Que : Identify the region where slash and burn agriculture or "jhumming" is
practise in India.
(a) North-Eastern region
(b) North- Western region
(c) South-Eastem region
(d) South Western region
Ans : (a) North-Eastern region

Que : What is common about "Milpa and Dipa"?

(a) Both are related with primitive farming
(b) Both are related with intensive farming.
(c) Both are related with plantation farming.
(d) Both are related with settled farming
Ans : (a) Both are related with primitive farming

Que : Shifting cultivation in Chattisgarh is known as :

(a) Dahiya
(b) Dipa
(c) Penda
(d) Kuruwa
Ans : (b) Dipa ( Bastar district of Chhattisgarh)

Que : Identify the state where slash and burn agriculture is also known as
‘Dahiya'.
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Chattisgarh
(d) Bihar
Ans : (b) Madhya Pradesh
Que : Which type of agriculture practice is famous in North-Eastern states like
Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland?
(a) Jhumming
(b) Slash and burn farming
(c) Commercial farming
(d) Subsistence farming
Ans : (a) Jhumming

Que : Match the column A with column B.

Column A Column B
(a)Dahiya 1.Andhra Pradesh
(b)Jhumming 2. Madhya Pradesh
(c)Podu 3.Western Ghats
(d)Kumari 4.Assam
Code :
A. B. C. D
(a) 1 2. 3 4
(b) 4. 3 2 1
(c) 2. 4. 1 3
(d) 3 2 4 1
Ans : (c) 2. 4. 1 3
(2) INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING :
Que : The term Intensive refers to _____.
Ans : the maximum use of minimum land.

Que : The type of Farming in which the farmers (cultivators) cultivates a small
piece (patch / plot) of land by using scientific methods, better agricultural inputs
and more labour to produce more and more food grains is ____.
Ans : Intensive Subsistence Farming

Que : The type of Farming which is practised mainly in the areas of high
population pressure on land is ____
Ans : Intensive Subsistence Farming
REASONS FOR PRACTICE OF INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING IN INDIA :
Que : Why is Subsistence Agriculture still practised in certain parts of the
country?
Ans :
● Increasing population and the Right of Inheritence are the 2 major factors for
the practise of Intensive Subsistence Farming in India.
● The Right of Inheritance lead to division of land among the successive
generations. As a result the size of land become small and this made difficult to
use modern machinery on such small patches of land.
(In short, Intensive Subsistence Farming is practised in India due to small size of
fields)
● Increasing population exert pressure on land to produce more and more food
grains on the available land to fulfill the needs of rapidly growing population.

Que : What type of agriculture is mostly practised in India?

(a) Commercial
(b) Shifting

(c) Intensive ✓
(d) Plantation
■ COMMERCIAL FARMING :
Que : The type of farming in which the farmers cultivate crops and rears animals
for commercial purposes i.e. for selling in the markets is called ____.
Ans : Commercial Farming

Que : Farming which is practised where there is low pressure of population on

land is ____
Ans : Commercial Farming

Que : Which type of farming is based on crop specialization as only one

particular crop is selected by the farmers which is suitable for the region ?
Ans : Commercial Farming

Que : In which type of farming both the area under cultivation and capital involve
are high ?
Ans : Commercial Farming

Que : In ____ farming the crops are grown for Commercial purposes.
Ans : Commercial Farming

Que : The degree of ____ of agriculture varies from one region to another.
Ans : Commercialization

Que : Countries where Commercial Farming is practised ?

Ans : Developed countries such as USA, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Australia,
Europe etc.

Que : Indian States where Commercial Farming is practised ?

Ans : Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh etc.
Que : Common commercial crops grown in India ?
Ans : Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane etc.

Que : Tick the characteristics of commercial farming.

(a) Plots of land are fragmented.

(b) Transport and communication plays an important role.✓

(c) The yield is usually low.
(d) The pressure of population is high on land.

Que : In which of the following states of India rice is considered a commercial

crop?
(a) West Bengal
(b) Orissa
(c) Bihar

(d) Punjab ✓

Que : Which of the following is a Commercial crop in one State while it is a

Subsistence crop in another State ?
(a) Millets

(b) Rice ✓
(c) Rubber
(d) Sugarcane

Que : Identify a crop which is a Commercial crop in Haryana but a Subsistence

crop in Odisha.

(a) Rice ✓
(b) Jute
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Rubber
■ PLANTATIONS :
Que : A type of Commercial Farming in which a single crop is grown on a large
area is known as ____
Ans : Plantation

Que : Plantation Agriculture was introduced by ____

Ans : The European in their colonies situated in the tropical regions.

Que : In India Plantations are introduced by the ______.

Ans : Britishers

Que : Which factors plays an important role in the development of the

Plantations?
Ans : Well developed network of transportation and communication,
Processing Industries,
Markets,
Abundant cheap labours etc.

Que : Which type of farming has an interface of Agriculture and Industry?

Ans : Plantations

Que : Examples of Plantation crops grown in India

Ans : Banana, Rubber, Tea, Coffee, Cashew, Sugarcane etc.

Que : Some important Plantations found in India ?

Ans : Tea Plantations (Assam, North Bengal)
Coffee Plantations (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka)
Banana (Southern States like Maharashtra)
Que : Which of the following is not correct about plantation farming?
(a) In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.
(b) The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
(c) Plantations cover large tracts of land called estates.
(d) Farmers clear a patch of land by felling trees and burning them, to produce
cereals and other food crops.✓

Que : Which of the following describe a system of agriculture where a single crop
is grown on a large area ? (NCERT)
(a) Horticulture

(b) Plantation ✓
(c) Intensive
(d) Shifting

Que : Which of the following type of farming has an interface of industry?

(a) Plantation farming
(b) Intensive Subsistence Farming
(c) Primitive Subsistence Farming
(d) Jhumming
Ans : (a) Plantation farming

Que : Plantation agriculture is a type of:

(a) Subsistence farming

(b) Commercial farming ✓

(c) Mixed farming
(d) None of the above
Que : Which of the following are plantation crops?
(a) Rice and maize
(b) Wheat and pulses

(c) Tea, coffee and banana ✓

(d) None of the above

Que : Which one of the following crops is an example of plantation farming ?

(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Rubber
(d) Maize
Ans : (c) Rubber

Que : Which one of the following crops in the example of plantation farming ?
(a) Jute
(b) Wheat
(c) Tea
(d) Oilseeds
Ans : (c) Tea
■ CROPPING PATTERN IN INDIA / CROPPING SEASONS :
The 3 main cropping seasons of India are :

👉Rabi cropping season

👉Kharif cropping season

👉Zaid cropping season

Que : The three major cropping seasons of India are:

(a) Aus, Aman and Boro

(b) Rabi, Kharif and Zaid ✓

(c) Baisakh, Paus and Chait
(d) None of the above

Que : Which one of the following is NOT a cropping season ?

(a) Winter
(b) Kharif
(c) Rabi
(d) Zaid
Ans : (a) Winter
RABI CROPPING SEASON :
Que : ____ cropping season started just after the offset of monsoon or in the
beginning of winter in the months of October - November to the beginning of the
summer in the months of March - April.
Ans : Rabi

Que : Availability of precipitation during winters helps in the growth of which of

the following crops?
(a) Zaid crops
(b) Kharif crops

(c) Rabi crops ✓

(d) Both (a) and (b)

Que : Major crops grown in Rabi Season?

Ans : Wheat, Peas, Mustard, Barley, Gram etc.

Que : Rabi crops are sown in:

(a) winters
(b) monsoon
(c) summers
(d) none of these
Ans : (a) winters

Que : Rabi crops are :

(a) sown in winter and harvested in summer
(b) sown during rainy season and harvested in winter
(c) sown in summer and harvested in winter
(d) None of the above
Ans : (a) sown in winter and harvested in summer
Que : Which of the following is a Rabi crop? (NCERT)
(a) Rice
(b) Millets
(c) Gram
(d) Cotton
Ans : (c) Gram

Que : The crops grown in Rabi season are:

(a) wheat, peas, barley and mustard
(b) rice, jute, maize, soyabean
(c) pulses, melons, vegetables
(d) sugarcane and tobacco
Ans : (a) wheat, peas, barley and mustard

Que : Which out of the following is a Rabi crop?

(a) Barley ✓
(b) Paddy
(c) Jute
(d) None of these

Que : The main food crop of Rabi season is:

(a) Wheat ✓
(b) Rice
(c) Maize
(d) Jowar
(ii) KHARIF CROPPING SEASONS :
Que : _____ cropping season started with the onset of monsoon in the months of
June - July and continues until the beginning of winter in the months of
September - October.
Ans : Kharif

Que : Major crops grown in kharif season are -

Ans : Paddy (Rice), Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Millets, Tur (Arhar), Cotton, Jute, Ground
nut etc.

Que : Kharif crops are grown:

(a) with the onset of monsoon and harvested in September-October
(b) with the onset of winter and harvested in summer
(c) with onset of Autumn and harvested in summer
(d) None of the above
Ans : (a) with the onset of monsoon and harvested in September-October

Que : In which months the kharif crops are harvested?

(a) April-June
(b) September-October
(c) January-February
(d) June-July
Ans : (b) September-October
Que : Which of the following crops are grown with the onset of monsoons and are
harvested in the month of September and October ?
(a) Rabi
(b) Kharif
(c) Zaid
(d) None of these
Ans : (b) Kharif

Que : Important crops like paddy, maize, jowar, bajra etc are grown during which
of the following seasons?
(a) Spring
(b) Summer

(c) Monsoon ✓
(d) Winter
Ans : (c) Monsoon

Que :The main food crop of Kharif season is:

(a) Mustard
(b) Pulses

(c) Rice ✓
(d) Wheat

Que : Identify the crop which comes under the Kharif crops.
(a) Wheat
(b) Cotton
(c) Gram
(d) Peas
Ans : (b) Cotton
(iii) ZAID CROPPING SEASON :
Que : ____ is a short cropping season in between the Rabi and kharif seasons
(May - June).
Ans : Zaid

Que : A short season between the rabi and kharif season is known as:
(a) Aus
(b) Boro

(c) Zaid ✓
(d) None of the above

Que : Major crops sown in Zaid Season ?

Ans : Watermelon, Musk melon,
Vegetables such as- Bottle gourd, Brinjal, Cucumber, Lady Finger etc.

Que : Which out of the following is a Zaid crop?

(a) Moong
(b) Mustard
(c) Urad
(d) Watermelon
Ans : (d) Watermelon

Que : Watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops are the
types of ____
(a) Zaid crop
(b) Kharif crop
(c) Rabi crop
(d) None of these
Ans : (a) Zaid crop
Que : Which one of the following crops is grown during the zaid season ?
(a) Groundnut
(b) Muskmelon
(c) Soyabean
(d) Rice
Ans : (b) Muskmelon

Que : Which of the following season is suitable for growing watermelons and
muskmelons?
(a) Rabi
(b) Zaid
(c) Kharif
(d) Autumn
Ans : (b) Zaid

Que : Which one of the following is NOT correctly associated :

(a) Zaid ----- Agricultural Season
(b) Jute ------ Golden Fibre
(c) Coffee ------ Plantation crop
(d) Jowar ------- Oilseeds
Ans : (d) Jowar ------- Oilseeds
Major Crops grown in India Cropping Season

Wheat Rabi
Peas Rabi
Mustard Rabi
Barley Rabi
Gram Rabi
Paddy Kharif
Maize Kharif (but Rabi in Bihar)
Jowar Kharif
Bajra Kharif
Millets Kharif
Cotton Kharif
Jute Kharif
Ground nut Kharif
Watermelon Zaid
Muskmelon Zaid
Lady finger Zaid
NAME OF CROP TYPE OF CROP

Wheat Cereal crop, Commercial crop

Rice Cereal crop, Commercial crop
Sugarcane Commercial crop
Rubber Plantation crop
Banana Plantation crop
Tea Plantation crop, Beverage crop
Coffee Plantation crop, Beverage crop
Cocoa Beverage crop
Tobacco Cash crop
Sugar beat Cash crop
Spices Cash crop
Cotton Cash crop, Fibre crop
Jute Fibre crop
■ MAJOR CROPS GROWN IN INDIA :
(i)FOOD CROPS :
Que : The 2 main staple crops of India are -
Ans : (i) Rice
(ii) Wheat

(i) RICE :
■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF RICE :
Type of crop : kharif
Growing season : Advancing monsoon season.
Sown in the months of : June - July
Harvested in the months of : September - October.

■ Rainfall :
● Rainfall between : 100 -150 cm
● Rice can also be grown in the areas of low rainfall with the help of effective
means of Irrigation. (for eg. Punjab and Haryana).
● Rice need stagnant water to keep its roots submerged in water.

■Temperature :
Above 25° C .
■Soil :
Alluvial and Loamy Soil
Clayey Soil (which can retain water)

■ RICE PRODUCING AREAS :

North - Eastern States.
Northern Plains (Gangetic Valley)
Coastal Areas
Delta Regions.
■ RICE PRODUCING STATES / LEADING PRODUCERS OF RICE :
West Bengal
U.P.
Punjab
Haryana
Odisha
Assam etc.

■ INDIA'S POSITION : Second

First Position : China

Que : Which of the following is the staple crop of the majority of the people in
India?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Millets
(d) Maize
Ans : (a) Rice

Que : Which is the main food crop of the eastern and southern part of the
country?
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Maize
(d) Sugarcane
Ans : (a) Rice
Que : What is ‘Boro’?
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Zaid crop
(c) Rabi crop
(d) None of these
Ans : (a) Kharif crop

Que : Aus, aman and boro are types of which crop?

(a) Maize
(b) Paddy
(c) Jowar
(d) Bajra
Ans : (b) Paddy

Que : Aus, Aman and Boro are three crops of paddy, which are grown in a year.
Which of the following states do not grow them?
(a) Assam
(b) Odisha
(c) West Bengal

(d) Bihar.✓

Que : Which one state among the following grows three crops of paddy in year?

(a) West Bengal ✓ ( Aus, Aman and Boro)

(b) Gujarat
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Haryana
Que : What is the main reason to grow rice in Punjab and Haryana?

(a) A dense network of canal irrigation ✓

(b) Native seeds
(c) Use of hoe
(d) Ponds

Que : Identify the geographical condition of the crop mentioned below :

It is a crop sown in the months of June - July which requires annual rainfall
between 100 -150 cm to germinate, bloom and mature, effective irrigation in case
of low rainfall, temperature above 25° C and stagnant water to keep its roots
submerged in water.
(a) Jute
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Tea
(d) Rice
Ans : (d) Rice

Que : Where is the rice dominant intensive subsistence agriculture is prevalent?

1. West Bengal
2.Uttar Pradesh
3. Peninsular Plateau
4. Gujarat
5. Bihar
Select the correct answer from the following

(a)1, 2 and 5 ✓
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 3 and 5
(ii) WHEAT :
■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF WHEAT:

■ Type of crop : Rabi

■ Sown in the month of : October- November
Harvested in the months of : April - May .

■ Sunshine / Temperature :
Growing time : moderate temperature (about 17°C)
At the time of harvest : Bright sunshine (below 25°C.)

■ Rainfall / Humidity :
Annual rainfall between 50 - 75 cm.

■ SOIL :
Alluvial Soil or Loamy Soil.

■ LEADING WHEAT PRODUCING STATES :

Punjab
Haryana
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan

■ MAJOR WHEAT GROWING ZONES :

• Ganga - Satluj Plains in North - West
• Black Soil Region of Deccan

■ INDIA'S RANK : SECOND

Que : The second most important cereal crop / staple crop of India is ____
Ans : Wheat

Que : The two main wheat growing regions are:

(a) The Ganga-Sutlej plains and the Deccan Trap
(b) North-eastern part and eastern-coastal plains
(c) Deccan plateau and Konkan coast
(d) None of the above
Ans : (a) The Ganga-Sutlej plains and the Deccan Trap

Que : Wheat requires annual rainfall between:

(a) 50 and 75 cm
(b) about 200 cm
(c) 200 and 300 cm
(d) less than 20 cm
Ans : (a) 50 and 75 cm
(iii) MILLETS :
Que : Crops which have high nutritional value than wheat and rice are ____.
Ans : Millets

Que : Millets are also known as _____.

Ans : Coarse Grains

Que : Examples of Millets:

Ans : Jowar (sorghum)
Bajra (Pearl Millet)
Ragi (Finger Millet)

Que : Jowar, Bajra and Ragi come under which of the following types of crops
grown in India?
(a) Commercial crops
(b) Cash Crops
(c) Millets
(d) Cereals
Ans : (c) Millets
■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF
MILLETS :
■ Season / Climate
Kharif season.
They grow well in dry or semi dry climatic regions.

■ Temperature :
About 25°C - 30 °C.

■ Rainfall :
Low rainfall about 50 - 75 cm.

■ Soil :
Millets can be grown on less fertile soil and sandy soil.

■ IMPORTANCE OF MILLETS :
● Millets (for eg. Jowar) is the third most important food crop of India with respect
to area and production.
● Millets are used both as food and fodder.
● Millets are the staple food crop of a large section of population in the
Peninsular region.
● In the states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana millets are grown mostly as
fodder.
● Millets have high nutritional value. For example- Ragi is rich in Iron, Calcium,
Roughage and other micro nutrients.
● Millets are rain - fed crops mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs
Irrigation.
Therefore, it reduces the cost of production.
■ SOME IMPORTANT MILLETS :
(i) JOWAR :
Que : ____is the third most important food crop of India (after rice and wheat) in
terms of area and production.
Ans : Jowar

Que : Which of the following is the third most important food crop of India both in
area and production?
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Maize
(d) Jowar ✓

Que : The rain-fed crop mostly grown in the moist area which hardy needs
irrigation is ____.

(a) Maize

(b) Jowar✓

(c) Rice

(d) Arhar.

Que : Which one of the following crops is known as coarse grains and has higher
nutritional value ?
(a) Maize
(b) Rice
(c)) Wheat
(d) Jowar ✓

Que : Jowar Producing States of India ?

Ans : Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh etc.
(ii) BAJRA :

Que : Bajra Producing States of India ?

Ans : Rajasthan, U.P, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Haryana etc.

Que : Which State is the largest producer of bajra?

(a) Rajasthan ✓
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Gujarat
(d) Haryana

Que : Bajra grows in which type of soil ?

(a) Red soil

(b) Sandy and shallow black soil ✓

(c) Clay soil
(d) None of these
(iii) RAGI :
Que : A type of Millet which grow well on a varieties of soil such as Red Soil,
Black Soil, Sandy Soil, Loamy soil and Shallow Black Soil is ____.
Ans : Ragi

Que : Type of soils on which Ragi grow well ?

Ans : Red Soil, Black Soil, Sandy Soil, Loamy soil and Shallow Black Soil

Que : Which one of the following soil types is required to produce ragi ?
(a) Black and alluvial soils
(b) Red and yellow soils
(c) Arid soil
(d) Red, black, sandy and loamy soil
Ans : (d) Red, black, sandy and loamy soil

Que : Ragi is rich in ____.

Ans : iron, calcium, roughage and other micro nutrients.

Que : Ragi is very rich in:

(a) Zinc
(b) Iodine
(c) Iron
(d) Phosphorous
Ans : (c) Iron
Que : Which one of the following grains have high nutritional value than rice and
wheat ?
(a) Maize
(b) Ragi
(c) Sesamum
(d) Castor Seeds
Ans : (b) Ragi

Que : Ragi Producing States of India ?

Ans : Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Jharkhand,
Arunachal Pradesh etc.

Que : Which of the following states is the largest producer of Ragi?

(a) Karnataka
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Gujarat
Ans : (a) Karnataka
(iv) MAIZE :

■GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF MAIZE :

■ Type of crop : Kharif
■ Season :
Maize grow in Kharif season
In Bihar it is also grown in Rabi season.

■Temperature :
21°C - 27°C.
■ Rainfall :
50-100 cm.

■Soil :
Old Alluvial soil.

■LEADING PRODUCER OF MAIZE :

Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Que : A crop which is used both as food and fodder in India is ____.
Ans : Maize

Que : In USA and Europe, Maize is known as ____

Ans : Corn

Que : In India Maize is known as ____.

Ans : Makka

Que : Which of the following crop is used as both food and fodder?
(a) Maize
(b) Rice
(c) Wheat
(d) Ground nut
Ans : (a) Maize

Que : Maize is not a solely kharif crop in India (True / False)

Ans : True

Que : Which of the following crops is cultivated both in Rabi and kharif seasons?
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Maize
(d) Millets
Ans : (c) Maize
Que : In which state Maize is grown in Rabi season?
(a) Assam
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Bihar
(d) West Bengal
Ans : (c) Bihar

Que : In which type of soil does maize grow well ?

(a) Black Soil
(b) Light domat Soil
(c) Old Alluvial Soil
(d) None of the above
Ans : (c) Old Alluvial Soil

Que : Which is the right condition for the growth of maize?

(a) Temperature between 21 °C to 27°C and old alluvial soil
(b) Temperature below 17°C and shallow black soil
(c) Temperature of 25°C and 200 cm of rainfall
(d) None of the above
Ans : (a) Temperature between 21 °C to 27°C and old alluvial soil

Que : Which of the following states are the largest producer of Maize?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) All of these
Ans : (d) All of these
(vi) LEGUMINOUS CROPS (PULSES) :
Que : Which of the following crops is a major source of protein in a vegetarian
diet?
(a) Wheat
(b) Rice
(c) Pulses
(d) Oilseeds
Ans : (c) Pulses

Que : Pulses are also known as ____.

Ans : Leguminous crops

Que : Which one of the following is a Leguminous crop ? (NCERT)

(a) Pulses
(b) Millets
(c) Jowar
(d) Sesamum
Ans : (a) Pulses

Que : Pulses (Leguminous crops) except _____help in the restoration of soil

fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.
Ans : Tur (Arhar)

Que : Which one of the following pulses do not help in the restoration of soil
fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air ?
(a) Urad
(b) Gram

(c) Tur (Arhar) ✓

(d) Moong
Que : Pulses (Leguminous Crops) are also known as ______as they are mostly
grown in rotation with other crops to restore the fertility of the soil.
Ans : Rotational crops

Que : Pulses can be grown in _____ season

Ans : Both Rabi and Kharif season.

Que : Examples of Pulses grown in Rabi Season.

Ans : Peas, Gram etc.

Que : Examples of Pulses grown in Kharif season

Ans : Tur (Arhar), Urd, Moong etc.

■ PULSES PRODUCING STATES :

Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka

Que : India is the largest producer as well as consumer of which of the following
in the world?
(a) Rubber
(b) Rice
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Pulses
Ans : (d) Pulses
Que : Which one of the following is not true for pulses?
(a) Pulses are grown in both rabi and kharif season
(b) Pulses are leguminous crops
(c) They are grown in rotation with other crops
(d) Pulses require intensive irrigation facilities
Ans : (d) Pulses require intensive irrigation facilities
■ FOOD CROPS OTHER THAN GRAINS :
■SUGARCANE :
■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF
SUGARCANE :

Type of crop : Tropical as well as Subtropical crop

■ Season / Climate :
Require hot and humid climate.

■Temperature :
21°C - 27°C.

■ Rainfall :
75 -100 cm.

■ SOIL :
Variety of soils (especially Loamy and fertile soil)

■ LEADING SUGARCANE PRODUCING STATES :

NORTHERN STATES :
Uttar Pradesh
Punjab
Haryana
Bihar
SOUTHERN STATES :
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
■ INDIA'S POSITION : Second
First Position : Brazil

Que : _____is an annual crop which takes about a year to grow from stumps.
Ans : Sugarcane

Que :Which one of the following crop take almost a year to grow ?
(a) Wheat
(b) Sugarcane
(c) Cotton
(d) Rice
Ans : (b) Sugarcane

Que : Sugarcane is the main source of _____.

Ans : Sugar, jaggery, khandsari and molasses.

Que : India is the _____largest producer of Sugarcane in the world after Brazil.
Ans : Second

Que : Largest producer of sugarcane in India ?

Ans : Uttar Pradesh

Que : Which is the ideal condition for the growth of sugarcane?

(a) Temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm
(b) Temperature below 17°C and 50 to 75 cm rainfall
(c) Temperature of 25°C and 200 cm of rainfall
(d) none of the above
Ans : (a) Temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and
100 cm
Que : Which of the following statements is correct regarding sugarcane crop
grown in India?
(a) It grow well in hot climate with a temperature of 30° C
(b) The major sugarcane producing states are Himachal Pradesh and Haryana
(c) It is a tropical as well as sub tropical crop, grows well in hot and humid
climate ✓
(d) India is the largest producer of sugarcane

Que : Identify the crop which can be grown on a variety of soils and needs
manual labour from sowing to harvesting?

(a) Sugarcane ✓
(b) Wheat
(c) Rice
(d) None of these
■ OIL SEEDS :
■ SOME IMPORTANT OILSEEDS GROWN IN INDIA ARE :
Ground nut, Coconut, Soya bean, Linseeds,Sunflower, Sesamum (Til), Castor
seeds, Mustard, Cotton seeds etc.

■ OILSEEDS GROWN IN RABI SEASON :

● Linseeds
● Mustard
● Sesamum (in Southern India)
● Castor seeds

■ OILSEEDS GROWN IN KHARIF SEASON :

● Sesamum (in Northern India)
● Castor Seeds
● Ground nut

■ IMPORTANCE OF OILSEEDS IN OUR DAILY LIFE :

● Some Oilseeds are edible.They can be used as cooking oil.
● Oilseeds can be used as raw material in the production of soaps, cosmetics,
ointments, paints etc.
● Oilseeds can also be used for making oil cakes.These oil cakes is an excellent
cattle feed.
● Oilcakes is also used as a fertilisers.

Que : What are the uses of oilseeds in our day to day life?
(a) Most of the oilseeds are edible
(b) Oilseeds are used in making soaps, cosmetics etc.
(c) Oilseeds are used in making oilcakes for cattle
(d) All of these
Ans : (d) All of these
Que : Oilseeds cover approximately ____ percent of the total cropped area of our
country.
Ans : 12%

Que : Which country is the largest producer of Oilseeds in the world?

(a) China
(b) USA
(c) India ✓
(d) Pakistan

Que : Largest rapeseed producing country in the world is ___

(a) India
(b) Canada ✓
(c) China
(d) U S A

Que : Which of the following Oilseeds is grown in Kharif season in Northern India
but sown in Rabi season in Southern India?
(a) Coconut
(b) Sesamum
(c) Ground nut
(d) Linseeds
Ans : (b) Sesamum

Que : Which of the following Oilseeds is grown both as Rabi and Kharif crop?
(a) Linseeds
(b) Sesamum
(c) Castor Seeds
(d) Both B and C ✓
■ GROUND NUT :
Que : Ground nut is a _____crop.
Ans : Kharif Crop.

Que : _____ constitutes for about half of the major Oilseeds produced in India.
Ans : Ground nut

■ LARGEST GROUND NUT PRODUCING STATES :

Gujarat
Rajasthan
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu

■ INDIA'S POSITION IN THE PRODUCTION OF GROUNDNUT : SECOND

First Position : China

Que : Which country is the largest producer of groundnut in the world?

(a) China
(b) USA
(c) India
(d) Pakistan
Ans : (a) China

Que : Which state is the largest producer of groundnut in India ?

(a) Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Ans : (a) Gujarat
■ BEVERAGE CROPS :
Que : Examples of beverage crops produced in India?
Abs : Tea, Coffee, Cocoa etc.

(i) TEA :
■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF TEA :
Type of crop : Tropical and Sub tropical climate.
■ Climate :
Tea bushes require warm and moist frost free climate through out the year.
■ Rainfall :
Heavy rainfall (150 -250 cm)
■ Soil :
Deep and fertile well drained loamy soil with gentle slope

■ TEA PRODUCING STATES :

Northern States :
Himachal Pradesh
Uttarakhand

North - Eastern States :

Assam
Tripura
West Bengal (Darjeeling Himalayan hilly region and Jalpaiguri district)
Meghalaya

Southern States:
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
■ INDIA'S POSITION : Second
First Position = China

Que : ____is an important beverage crop introduced in India initially by the

British.
Ans : Tea

Que : A tropical and sub tropical crop which requires heavy rainfall of about 150 -
250 cm but well drained loamy soil with gentle slope as stagnation of water can
damage the plant of this crop. It is ____.
(a) Rubber
(b) Jute
(c) Tea
(d) Coffee
Ans : (c) Tea

Que : What geographical conditions are required for the proper growth of Tea in
India ?
1.Tea bushes require warm and moist frost free climate through out the year.
2. showers of rain evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of
tender leaves of tea.
3.Deep and fertile well drained loamy soil with gentle slope, rich in humus and
organic matter.
4. required well drained land as stagnation of water can damage the tea plant.

(a) 1 2 3 4 ✓
(b) 1 4
(c) 2 3
(d) 4 only
Que : Which of the following conditions can spoil tea crop?
(a) Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year
(b) Frost free climate
(c) Deep fertile well drained soil
(d) Clayey soil which has high water holding capacity
Ans : (d) Clayey soil which has high water holding capacity

Que : For which one of the following crops, India is the leading producer and
exporter in the world ?
OR
India is the leading producer as well as exporter of ______in the world.
(a) Jute
(b) Coffee
(c) Tea
(d) Rubber
Ans : (c) Tea

Que : The major tea producing areas are :

(a) Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
(b) Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu
(c) Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat
(d) Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir
Ans : (a) Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
(ii) COFFEE :
■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF COFFEE
Type of crop : Tropical crop

■ Climate :
Requires warm and wet climate

■ Temperature :
20°C – 27° C

■ Rainfall :
100 - 150 cm.

■ Soil :
Well drained loamy soil.

■ COFFEE PRODUCING STATES :

● Karnataka (Baba Budan Hills, Western Ghats)
● Tamil Nadu
● Kerala

Que : India produces world's good quality coffee.It is known as ____.

(a) Robusta
(b) Indian coffee

(c) Arabica ✓
(d) None of these.
Que : India produce ____ variety of coffee which has great demand all over the
world.
Ans : Arabica

Que : Arabica variety of coffee was initially brought to India from which of the
following countries?
(a) Yemen
(b) Vietnam
(c) Japan
(d) Korea
Ans : (a) Yemen

Que : Initially the Coffee plantations were introduced in India on ____.

Ans : Baba Budan Hills (Karnataka).

Que : The Coffee cultivation was first introduced in :

(a) Himalayas
(b) Aravalli Hills
(c) Garo Hills

(d) Baba Budan Hills ✓

Que : In India the cultivation of Coffee is confined to _____ region.

Ans : Nilgiri region (Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu).

Que : The Cultivation of coffee is confined to which of the following hills?

(a) Nilgiri ✓
(b) Aravali
(c)) Shivalik
(d) Rajmahal hills
■ HORTICULTURE CROPS :
Que : ____ is a branch of plant agriculture which deals with the growing of garden
crops such fruits, flowers and vegetables for commercial purposes.
Ans : Horticulture

Que : Cultivation of fruits and Vegetables for commercial purposes is called

______.
Ans : Horticulture

Que : The specialized cultivation of Fruits and Vegetables is known as ______.

(a) Horticulture
(b) Pisciculture
(c) Viticulture
(d) Agriculture
Ans : (a) Horticulture

Que : Which country is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the
world?
(a) Canada
(b) USA
(c) China
(d) India
Ans : (c) China

■ INDIA'S POSITION : Second

First Position : China
■SOME IMPORTANT FRUITS GROWN IN INDIA :

FRUITS STATES

Mango Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, U.P., West Bengal

Oranges Nagpur, Cherrapunjee

Banana Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra,Tamil Nadu

Lichi Uttar Pradesh, Bihar

Guava Uttar Pradesh Bihar

Pine Apple Meghalaya

Grapes Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra

Apple Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh

■ NON - FOOD CROPS :
■ RUBBER :

■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF

RUBBER :
■ Type of crop : Tropical and Sub Tropical
■ Climate :
Require moist and humid climate
It grows well in Equatorial, Tropical and Sub - tropical climate

■Temperature :
25°C - 30°C
■ Rainfall :
More than 200 cm.

■ Soil :
Deep weathered laterite soil
Red Alluvial Soil

■ RUBBER PRODUCING STATES :

Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Meghalaya (Garo Hills)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands

■ IMPORTANCE OF RUBBER :
● Rubber is one of the most important raw material used in many manufacturing
industries like motor industries and vehicle industries.
● It is also used as a raw material in houseware and kitchenware industries.
■ INDIA'S POSITION : Fourth (in 2020)
First Position : Thailand
Second Position : Indonesia
Third Position : Vietnam

Que : _____ is an equatorial crop which is grown mainly for industrial purposes.
Ans : Rubber

Que : Rubber is also known as _____

Ans : Industrial crop

Que : Which of the following crops is an important raw material for automobile
industry?
(a) Pulses
(b) Ragi
(c) Rubber
(d) None of the above
Ans : (c) Rubber

Que : Largest producer of Rubber in India ?

Ans : Kerala

Que : The world's largest rubber producing country is ____

(a) India
(b) Malaysia

(c) Thailand ✓
(d) China.
■ FIBRE CROPS :
Que : The crops which are grown to obtain fibres are called ____
Ans : Fibre Crops

Que : Major fiber crops grown in India ?

Ans : Cotton
Jute
Hemp
Natural Silk

Que : Important non-food crops of our country are:

(a) Tea and coffee
(b) Millets and pulses
(c) Cotton and jute
(d) None of the above
Ans : (c) Cotton and jute
(i) COTTON :
■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF COTTON
Type of crop : Kharif Crop
Season / Climate :
Requires warm climate
Grow well in Tropical and Sub tropical climate.

■ Temperature :
20° - 30°C.

Sunshine :
Needs 200 - 210 frost free days and bright sunshine for its growth
Clear sunny days during picking season

■ Rainfall :
80 - 120 cm

■ Soil :
Black and Alluvial soil.

■ COTTON PRODUCING STATES :

SOUTHERN STATES :
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Tamil Nadu
NORTHERN STATES :
Punjab
Haryana
Uttar Pradesh

■ LEADING PRODUCERS OF COTTON :

Maharashtra
Gujarat

■ INDIA'S POSITION : Second

First Position : China

Que : Which of the following crops grows well in the black soil ?
(a) Jute
(b) Rice
(c) Cotton
(d) Wheat
Ans : (c) Cotton

Que : Which one crop among the following takes 6-8 months to grow?
(a) Jute

(b) Cotton ✓
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Urad
(ii) JUTE :

■ GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE CULTIVATION OF JUTE :

■ Climate :
Hot and humid climate

■ Temperature :
30° C

■ Rainfall :
Heavy Rainfall (150 - 200 cm)

■ Soil :
Well drained fertile Alluvial soil.

■ JUTE PRODUCING STATES :

West Bengal
Bihar
Assam
Odisha
Meghalaya

■ USES :
Jute is used in manufacturing of gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and
other artefacts.

■ INDIA'S POSITION : First

Second Position : Bangladesh
Note : India improved its rank from second to First and become the largest
producer of jute in the world.
Que : Largest producer of Jute in India ?
Ans : West Bengal

Que :The name of crop which grows on well drained fertile-soil in the flood plains
where soil are renewed every year is _____.
(a) Cotton

(b) Jute ✓
(c) Sugarcane
(d) Pea.

Que : A type of crop grown in India which requires hot, humid climate and high
temperature of about 30° C, heavy rainfall between 150 - 200 cm and lot of
stagnant water for retting is _____.
(a) Cotton
(b) Rubber
(c) Jute
(d) Sugarcane
Ans : (c) Jute

Que : Which crop requires lot of stagnant water for retting (to make plant soft ) ?
Ans : Jute

Que : Which one of the following fibre crops is known as golden fibre?
(a) Cotton
(b) Jute
(c)) Hemp
(d) Natural wool
Ans : (b) Jute
Que : Which of the following is being used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes,
yarn, carpets and other artefacts?
(a) Jute
(b) Cotton
(c) Fibre
(d) None of these
Ans : (a) Jute

Que : 'Some fibre crops are not directly produced from tree.' Name one of such
cropping activity in India.
Ans : Natural Silk fibre is not obtained directly from the crop. It is obtained from
the cocoons of the silkworms which fed on the green leaves of the mulberry tree.

Que : From which one of the following, natural silk is obtained?

(a) Jute
(b) Cotton

(c) Silkworms✓
(d) Hemp

Que : Cultivation of silk is called _____.

OR
The rearing of silkworms for the production of Silk is called _____.
(a) Pisciculture
(b) Apiculture
(c) Viticulture
(d) Sericulture
Ans : (d) Sericulture
Que : Identify the appropriate reason why jute is produced in such less amounts
in India.
(a) India lacks well drained fertile soils.
(b) India lacks flood plains that have to be renewed every year to produce jute.

(c) Its market is being taken over by synthetic fibres.✓

(d) Jute mills are not technically advanced to handle new yield.
■ INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL REFORMS TO IMPROVE
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION :

Que : In order to raise / promote agricultural productivity and to improve the

conditions of farmers the government of India introduced _____ and _____
reforms
Ans : Technological and institutional reforms

(A) INSTITUTIONAL REGORMS :

Que : After Independence, Indian government give priority to Land reforms in the
_____for the development of Agriculture in India.
Ans : First Five Year Plan

Some Institutional Reforms :

■ Abolition of Zamindari System
■ Consolidation of Land Holdings
■ Collectivisation
■ Land Ceiling Act

Que : In 1980s and 1990s Indian Government initiated ____ which included both
Institutional and Technical reforms.
Ans : Comprehensive Land Development Programme
Que : Important steps taken under Comprehensive Land Development
Programme ?
Ans : ¤ Provision of Crop Insurance to farmers against the damage of crops by
floods, drought, cyclone, fire, disease etc.
¤ Government established Grameen Banks, Cooperative Societies, Banks etc. to
provide loans facilities to the farmers at the lower rate of interest.
● Government introduced several Personal Benefit Schemes for farmers such as :
Kissan Credit Card (KCC) ,
Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).
● Government announces Minimum Support Price, Remuneration and
Procurement Prices for all major crops such as Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane etc.
This help farmers to get rid from exploitation of speculators and middlemen.

(B) TECHNOLOGICAL REFORMS :

● Government provide HYV Seeds, Chemical Fertilisers, Pesticides, irrigation
equipments etc. to farmers at a minimum price.
● Government provide various latest technological devices such as tractors,
harvesters, combines etc.to farmers.
● Government also provide technical assistance and training to farmers.
● Government provide various facilities to farmers such as :
Soil Testing facilities, Transportation facilities, Storage facilities etc.
● Special weather bulletins are broadcasted on Radio and Television which give
prior warning about weather.
● Special Agricultural Programmes are also broadcasted on Radio and Television
on various topics such as crop diseases, new techniques of agriculture etc.
This help farmers to adopt adequate technique which can raise their agricultural
production.
● Government establish various institutions for the development of Agriculture
such as :
Agricultural Universities,
Horticulture Development Centres,
Veterinary Centres,
Animal Breeding Centres etc.
Que : Which of the following was the main focus of our First Five Year plan?
(a) Cost of food grains
(b) Land reforms
(c) Industrialisation
(d) Globalisation
Ans : (b) Land reforms

Que : In which period government introduced agricultural reforms to improve

Indian agriculture ?
(a) 1970s and 1980s
(b) 1950s and 1960s

(c) 1960s and 1970s✓

(d) 1980s and 1990s

Que : ____ is a scheme introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of
the farmers.
(a) Kisan Credit Card
(b) Mudra Yojana
(c) Farmer Scheme
(d) Jan Dhan Yojana
Ans : (a) Kisan Credit Card

Que : What is full form of KCC?

(a) Kisan Care Centre
(b) Kisan Consumer Card

(c) Kisan Credit Card ✓

(d) Kisan Customer Care
Que : Identify which of the following is another step to prevent farmers from
facing loss in the market in the case of a bad crop or a natural disaster.

(a) Kissan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced. ✓

(b) 'Public Accident Insurance Scheme' (PAIS) was introduced.
(c) Incident Agriculture Scheme was introduced.
(d) Personal Loan Scheme for farmers at no interest was introduced.

Que : Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a

crop? (NCERT)
(a) Maximum Support Price
(b) Minimum Support Price
(c) Moderate Support Price
(d) Influential Support Price
Ans : (b) Minimum Support Price

Que :Minimum Support Price is related to the

(a) Agricultural sector ✓

(b) Industrial sector
(c) Service sector
(d) None of these.

Que : Grouping of small land holdings into a bigger one is called _____.
(a) Ceiling of land holdings
(b) Cooperative Farming
(c) Collectivization
(d) Consolidation of land holdings
Ans : (d) Consolidation of land holdings
Que : Who was the father of Green Revolution in India?
(a) M.S Swaminathan
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Dr.Verghese Kurien
(d) None of these
Ans : (a) M.S Swaminathan

Que : Who was the father of White Revolution?

(a) M.S Swaminathan
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Dr.Verghese Kurian
(d) None of these
Ans : (c) Dr.Verghese Kurian

Que : What is the other name of Milk Revolution ?

(a) Silver Revolution
(b) White Revolution
(c) Operation Flood
(d) Both B and C
Ans : (d) Both B and C

Que : Providing food grains and other essential commodities at subsidised prices
in rural and urban areas is called ___

(a) Public Distribution System (PDS) ✓

(b) Below Poverty Line (BPL)
(c) Above Poverty Line (APL)
(d) Minimum Support Price (MSP).
■ BHOODAN - GRAMDAN MOVEMENT :
Que : The concept of Gram Swarajya was given by
(a) Vinoba Bhave

(b) Mahatma Gandhi ✓

(c) Ram Chandra Reddy
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru.

Que : Who was declared as spiritual heir of Gandhiji?

(a) Subhash Chandra Bose
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru

(c) Vinoba bhave ✓

(d) Sardar Patel

Que : Mahatma Gandhi’s spiritual heir who undertook padyatra after martyrdom
of Gandhi to spread his message in the entire country was _____.
(a) Sardar Patel
(b) Jawahar Lal Nehru

(c) Vinoba Bhave ✓

(d) None of these

Que : Who initiated the Bhoodan - Gramdan Movement in India?

(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Jyotiba Phule
(c) Vinoba Bhave
(d) None of these
Ans : (c) Vinoba Bhave
Que : In which year the Bhoodan – Gramdan Movement was initiated by Vinoba
Bhave ?
Ans : 1951

Que : At which place Vinoba Bhave initiated Bhoodan – Gramdan Movement in

1951 ?
Ans : Pochampally Village in Andhra Pradesh (Now inTelangana).

Que : Bhoodan – Gramdan Movement is also known as ____.

Ans : Bloodless Revolution

Que : Who offered 80 acres of land to Vinoba Bhave to be distributed among 80

landless villagers ?
Ans : Shri Ram Chandra Reddy

Que : During the padayatra of Vinoba Bhave in Andhra Pradesh, who offered the
land to the landless poor villagers?
(a) Vinoba Bhave Himself

(b) Ram Chandra Reddy ✓

(c) Lala Lajpat Ray
(d) Mahatma Gandhi
■ CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO INDIAN ECONOMY :
Que : _____has been considered the back bone of Indian economy.
Ans : Agriculture

Que : Agriculture contributes about ____ percent to the national income of India.
(a) 33%
(b) 22%
(c) 40%
(d) 17 %
Ans : (d) 17 %

Que : Why the declining share of Agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) is a matter of serious concern in India?
Ans : Agricultural sector is integrated with other sectors of the economy. It is the
basic supplier of raw materials to the secondary sector.
Decline in Agriculture sector will lead to a decline in other spheres (sectors) of
economy which have wider implications (consequences) for the society.
■ REASONS FOR THE DECLINING SHARE OF AGRICULTURE IN GDP:
■ Reduction of cultivated area due to increasing population
■ Degradation of soil due to excessive use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides, over
Irrigaton etc.
■ Reduction of subsidy on agricultural inputs such as Fertilizers, Pumpsets, HYV
seeds etc.
■ Reduction in Import Duties on agricultural products
■Reduction of Public investment in agriculture sector particularly in Irrigation,
Power Production, making Rural Roads, Markets and Mechanisation

■ STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE MODERNISATION OF

AGRICULTURE :
●Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
● Establishment of Agricultural Universities.
● Establishment of Animal Breeding Centres and Veterinary Service Centres.
● Establishment of Horticulture Development Centres.
● Research and development in the field of meteorology and weather forecasting.
● Development of Rural Infrastructure.
Que : Which of the following steps are taken by the government to modernise
agriculture?
(i) Establishment of ICAR
(ii) Veterinary services
(iii) Horticulture development
(iv) Indian Institute of Technology
Select the correct answer from given options
(a) (ii) and (iv) only

(b) (i), (ii) and (iii) ✓

(c) (iii) only
(d) (i) and (iv)

Que : ‘ICAR' refers to which one of the following ?

(a) Indian Community of Agricultural Research
(b) Indian Council of Aviation Research
(c) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(d) Indian Council of Animal Rearing
Ans : (c) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
■ IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE :
■ POSITVE IMPACT / EFFECTS :
● Introduction of several foreign crops such as Potatoes, Tomato, Chillies,
Onion,Tobacco etc.
●Increase their production with the help of modern technology, tools,
equipments, machines etc.
●Commercialisation of Indian farming.

■ NEGATIVE IMPACT / EFFECT :

● High International Competition due to highly subsidised agriculture in foreign
countries
● Indian farmers do not compete with the prices of food products imported from
the developed countries because they have lower prices than Indian food
products due to reduction of import duties.
■ CHALLENGES FACED BY INDIAN AGRICULTURE :
■ Indian farmers still depends on monsoon
■ Lack of modern agricultural tools and equipments
■ Lack of Capital
■ Inadequate marketing and storage facilities
■ Low productivity due to small size of farm, low availability of HYV seeds and
fertilizers, Loss of soil fertility, Traditional methods of Farming, Inadequate
Irrigation facilities etc.
■ Big challenge from International producers.

Que : Which one among the following state uses bamboo for irrigating fields?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Jharkhand
(c) West Bengal

(d) Assam ✓
Que : Which of the following statements is NOT true :
1.Indian farmers are compel to sell their farm products at the time of harvest in
nearby places due to lack of marketing and storage facilities.
2.Small size of farms due to right of inheritance is one of the major factor for the
low productivity of the Indian agriculture.
3.Due to collectivisation Indian agricultural products are not able to compete with
developed countries because of highly subsidised agriculture in these countries
4.To check the exploitation of the farmers by spectaculars and middlemen the
government announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement
prices for important crops.
(a)1 2 4
(b) 2 3
(c) 1 3

(d) Only 3 ✓

Que : Jojoba is which type of plant?

(a) A bio-diesel plant ✓

(b) Edible oil
(c) Food crop
(d) A type of pulse

Que : Jatropha plant produces ___

(a) Edible oil

(b) Bio diesel ✓

(c) Glycerine
(d) Petrol
■ TERMS :
(i) ORGANIC FARMING :
● Organic Farming is a farming method that involves growing and nurturing crops
without the use of harmful chemical fertilisers and pesticides which are made in
industries.
● Organic Farming is based on ecologically balanced agricultural principles like :
Crop rotation ,
Green manure ,
Organic wastes ,
Biological pest control etc.

Que : ____is practised without factory made chemicals such as fertilisers and
pesticides.

(a) Organic farming ✓

(b) Scientific forestry
(c) Technical farming
(d) Chemical farming
(ii) GENETIC ENGINEERING :
● Genetic Engineering is a branch of Applied Biology.
● It is a process by which scientists modify the genome of an organism by using
Bio - Technology.
● It is also called Genetic Modification.
● Genetic Engineering is recognised as a powerful supplement in inventing new
hybrid varieties of seeds.

Que : The development of genetically modified seeds for increasing the yield is
called ____
(a) Engineering

(b) Gene revolution ✓

(c) Green revolution
(d) None of these.
■ STATES AND THE MAJOR CROPS :
STATES CROPS
1 Andhra Pradesh Tea,Cotton,Maize,Sugarcane,Ground nut,Jowar
2 Andaman & Nicobar Rubber
3 Arunachal Pradesh Ragi
4 Assam Tea, Jute
5 Bihar Wheat, Maize, Sugarcane, Jute
6 Gujarat Cotton, Groundnut, Bajra
7 Haryana Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Bajra
8 Himachal Pradesh Tea, Ragi
9 Jharkhand Ragi
10 Karnataka Coffee, Rubber, Cotton, Maize, Jowar, Ragi, Sugarcane
11 Kerala Tea, Coffee, Rubber
12 Meghalaya Tea Rubber Jute
13 Madhya Pradesh Cotton, Wheat, Maize, Jowar
14 Maharashtra Cotton, Jowar, Sugarcane, Bajra
15 Odisha Jute
16 Punjab Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton
17 Rajasthan Wheat, Bajra
18 Sikkim Ragi
19 Tripura Tea
20 Tamil Nadu Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Sugarcane, Cotton, Ragi, Ground nut
21 West Bengal Tea, Jute
22 Uttarakhand Tea, Ragi
23 Uttar Pradesh Wheat, Bajra, Sugarcane, Cotton, Maize
ASSERTION AND REASON

DIRECTION : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a

statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as :

(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.

(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation
of assertion.

(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.

(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion : India’s primary activity is Agriculture.

Reason : Two-thirds of its population is engaged in agricultural activities.

Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation
of assertion.

2. Assertion : Organic farming is much in vogue.

Reason : In organic forming, crops are grown using high doses to increase
production.

Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

3. Assertion : Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.

Reason : Plantation is a type of commercial farming, a single crop is grown on a

large area.

Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation
of assertion.
4. Assertion : Biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher
production.

Reason : Doses of biochemical input are used to grow crops rapidly.

Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation
of assertion.

5. Assertion : Crops are grown depending upon the variations in soil, climate and
cultivation practices.

Reason : Crops are also grown according to availability of water.

Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.

6. Assertion : Ample / staple food crop in India is rice and requires less rainfall

Reason : Our country is the fourth largest producer of rice in the world.

Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

7. Assertion : Pulses are considered as a major source of protein in a vegetarian

diet.
Reason : Rice is a rabi crop and requires lot of rain to grow.
Ans : (c) Assertion is true but reason is false

8. Assertion : Tea cultivation, is a labour - intensive industry.

Reason : Cultivation can be done throughout the year .Tea bushes require warm
and moist frost- free climate.
Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
9 Assertion : The cotton textile industry in Manchester and Liverpool were
flourished due to availability of good quality of cotton from India
Reason : During the British period cotton belts of India attracted the British and
ultimately the cotton was exported to Britain as a raw material for the textile
industries
Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Q10 Assertion : India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plant.
Reason : Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four major fibre crops grown
in India.
Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

11.Assertion : Indian coffee is well known in the world for its good quality.
Reason : The Asian variety initially brought from Yamen is produced in our
country.
Ans : (c) A is correct but R is wrong

12. Assertion : Globalization is not a new phenomenon in the world.

Reason : It is there at the time of Colonisation
Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Assertion (A) : Organic farming is much in vogue today as it is practised without

factory made chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides.
Reason (R) : It does not affect the environment in a negative manner.

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A ✓
■ MAP BASED QUESTIONS : (Do practice)
● Major Rice growing areas

● Major producer of Rice

Hint: West Bengal

● Major Wheat growing areas

● Largest producer of Wheat

Hint : Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh.

● The state which is the largest producer of Tea

Hint : Assam

● The State which is the largest producer of coffee

Hint : Karnataka

● The state which is a major producer of fiber crop grown on Black Soil.
Hint : Maharashtra (Cotton)

● Largest Jute producing state

OR
Golden Fiber producing state
Hint : West Bengal

● The state which is the leading producer of Rubber

Hint : Kerala
● Major Rubber producing state on Eastern Coast
Hint : Tamil Nadu

● A state which is a major producer of fodder crop - Maize

Hint : Karnataka

● A state which is a major producer of a Millet Crop - Jowar

Hint : Maharashtra

● A State which is a major producer of Ragi

Hint : Karnataka

● The leading Sugarcane producing state

Hint : Uttar Pradesh

● Ground nut producing state

Hint : Gujarat

● The state where White Revolution started

Hint : Gujarat

● The states where Green Revolution started

Hint : Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh
■ IDENTIFICATION BASED MAP QUESTIONS :
● Fibre crop grown in Tamil Nadu
Hint : Cotton

● Fibre crop grown in Punjab

Hint : Cotton

● Beverage crop grown in West Bengal

Hint : Tea

● Beverage crop grown in Karnataka

Hint : Coffee

● Industrial crop grown in Tamil Nadu

Hint : Rubber

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