unit Grammar Present of be Wh- questions Where are you from? Where is he from? How old is she? How old is it? What ate your names? What are our names? Where are they? Affirmative statements {'m from Korea, He's from Korea. She's five It's five years old. We're John and Greg You're John and Greg. They're at home. Yes /no questions with be Yes /no questions am ae Is Is Is are ate Are 1 you he old? she it you they Simple present Wh- questions Where When Why do How often Affirmative statements Negative statements Short answers Affirmative Yes, you are. Yes, | am, Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is Yes, we are. Yes, yn are Yes, they are. Short answers Negative you Im he she it we yous they aren't not. isn't isn't isn't aren't aren't aren't 1 /you / we / they play table tennis? does he / she 1 Language summary Vocabulary Interests Sports and exercise art They fashion bow languages ski Iiterature swim. politics They play pop culture baseball ‘sports rol. technology table tennis. travel They do gymnastics arate, yora. Functions. Asking for repetition Can you repeat that, please? Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that again, please? Asking someone to speak more slowly Can you say that mare siowiy, please? Could you say that more slowly, please? Could you speak more slowly, please? | play | don't You play You don't He plays He doesn't She plays She dasa’? It plays — golf. It doesn't play golf We play We don't You play You don't They play They don’t : statements, you can use the full forms do not and does mot Yes /no questions Short answers Short answers Attirmative Negative Do | Yes, you do. No, you don't. Do you Yes, 1 do. No, | don't. Does he Yes, he does. No, he doesn't Does she Yes, she does. No, she doesn't. Does it playgol'? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. Do you Yes, we do. No, we don't. Do we Yes, you do. No, you dont. Do they Yes, they do. No, they don't. 7-233 Photocopiable © Cambridge University Pressunit | Language summary Grammar Vocabulary What... like? and What . . . look like? Personality Appearance What . . . lke? What... look like? ee confident blonde What are you like? What do you look like? game = cae What am | ike? What do | look lke? friendly elderly What is he like? What does he look like? ited fitte round glasses What is she like What does she look like? generous long gray air What isi tke? What does it look like? Teréworking tron hoght What are we tik What co we look ike? serious imide aged What are they like? What do they look like hy ‘naan + Use What... like? to ask about personality, tatkative ‘overweight Use Whar. ook like? to ted hair + We use adjectives to answer these questions. short short white beard Be + adjective (+ noun) shoulder-length hair Be + adjective Be + adjective + noun ‘straight brown hair | am talkative. | am a talkative guy. tal You are friendly. You are a friendly person, wavy He is serious. He isa serious teacher. your She is confident. She isa confident gi (i sharworking, is a hadworking lass Functions Jo are creative. Je are creative students. , They are generous. They are generous people. Saying you think something + Adjctne espn ow people look rat V think so + Adjcetnes vty follom the er bor em Before noun | belive so, + More than oe jective ean be used ina setence tigen Pal and in : , Saying you think something Order of adjectives isn't true ; "don think 30 Size, age, shape, color | dont believe so. She has long brown hair. He has little square glasses have new pink glasses. My sister and | have eurly black hair. 1'm not really sue. + Use adjectives in the order of size. age. shape. and color She las long red hair. NOT She hus red-don hat Photacopiable © Cambridge University Press T-234_ Language summary Grammar Adverbs of intensity It's + adverb + adjective It’s extremely hot It’s pretty rainy. It’s very sunny, It’s fairly warm, It’s really cold It’s somewhat windy. + Adverbs give more information about adjectives + Adverbs of intensity answer the question How + adjective + isi + Adverbs of intensity can range from weak (somewhat, fairl) to strong (very, extremels). Quantifiers with verbs Affirmative statements Negative statements It rains a tt It doesnt rain very much, It snows quite abit It doesn't rain at all It rains a litte, + Quantitiers come after vers, + Quantitiers answer the question How mach does it... ? + Quantitiers can range from pone (rot at aff) to a small amount (a ttle) toa large amount (a Would like + infinitive Wh- questions What When would | /you/he / she / it / we / you / they like to play? Why Affirmative statements Negative statements 1 1 You You He He She — would like to eat. She wouldn't like to eat It It We We You You They They + In affirmative statements, you can use the contraction “instead of would She'd like to play a board game Yes / no questions Short answers Short answers Affirmative Negative 1 you you you 1 ' he he he Would she like toeat? Yes, she would. No, she wouldn't it it it we you you you we we they they they -235 Photocopiable © Cambridge University Press Vocabulary Weather Indoor activities cloudy bake cookies rainy do a crossword snowy doa jigsaw puzzle sunny make a video windy make popcorn Temperature P!2Y @ boord game oe play chess ba take a nap hat ‘Seasons dry season fall rainy season spring winter Functions Asking for an opinion What do you think? What are your thoughts? What's your opinion? Giving an opinion 1 think Ve say In yy opinion,unit Grammar How many; quantifier Questions with many How many chairs are there? How many shelves are there in the living room? How many ciosets are there? Are there many cupboards in the kitchen? Are there many curtains? * Count nouns are thi rl Language summary before count nouns ‘Quantifiers + count nouns There are a lot of chair. There are some shelves in the living room, ‘There are a few closets. There aren't many cupboards in the kitchen. ‘There aren't any curtains. hat can be counted: we can use them in the plural + Use fio: many or many in questions with plural count nouns + Use quantifiers « fo of some, a fes; many / not many, and not any before count nouns, How much; quantifiers before noncount nouns Questions with much How much space is there? How much light is there in the living room? How mucht light is in the bedroom? Is there much noise from outside? Quantifiers + noncount nouns There is a lot of space. ‘There is some light in the living room. There is a little light in the bedroom. There isn’t much noise from outside. Is there much space for shelves in the kitchen? ‘There isn't any space for shelves in the kitchen, + Noncount nouns are things that cannot be counted: we cannot use them in the plural + Use how much or much in questions with noncount nouns + Use quantifiers a lor of some, alte much / not muck, and nor any before noncount parable two-word phrasal verbs Followed by a noun Separated by a noun Separated by ‘a pronoun. | put away my | put my clothes away | put therm away. clothes, She cleaned out her She cleaned hner closet out. She cleaned it out closet + A phrasal verb isa verb + particle (a particle isa small word like ap oF off. + Some phrasal verbs can be separated hy a noun or a pronoun, +A noun can come after a phrasal verb, but a pronoun cannot J t008 out the garbage. NOV 1 toons Vocabulary Things ina Household chores home clean out the closet armchair clean up the yard bathtub drop off the dry bed cleaning closet hang up the clothes coffee table pick up the magazines cupboards put away the dishes curtains take out the garbage dishwasher wipe off the counter dresser refrigerator shelves shower sink sofa toilet Rooms in a home bathroom bedroom kitehen living room Functions Making a request Can you turn down the musie, please? Could you turn down the music, please? Would you turn down the music, please? Agreeing to a request Sure No problem. 17d be happy to. Photocopiable © Cambridge University Press T-236unit Grammar Imperatives Affirmative statements Negative statements Walk for 20 minutes every day. Don't walk right after eating, Streteh before you exercise. Don't stretch too quickly. Eat 30 minutes before you lift Don’t eat a big meal before you weights, lift weights. + Imperatives can be affirmative or negative +The subject (vo) is implied it is not directly sated. The sentence begins with the verb. + Use imperatives to give instructions or directions Adverbs of manner Statements with adjectives Statements with adverbs My sister i¢ a deep sleeper. She sleeps dowply. They ate slow runners. They run slowly You are a careful eater. You eat carefully | am a noisy breather. | breathe noisily + Ada -1yor ly to an adjective to form most adverbs of manner +The adverb follows the veeh + Adverbs of manner describe how something is don, How questions Questions with adverbs Answers How offen do you drink coffee? Three times a day. How long do you sleep every night? About six hours. How well co you relax? Not very well. / Extremely well Questions with adjectives ‘Answers, How healthy is your diet? Somewhat healthy, How stressed are you? Pretty stressed Questions with quantifiers ‘Answers, How many cups of coffee do you drink? Three cups. How much sieep do you get? Auite a bit + In questions, use how before an adverb, an adjective, or a quantifier, + How + adjective is usually followed by the Verh be (aot do), 1-237 Photocopiable © Cambridge University Pross Vocabulary Parts of the Healthy habits body eat a balanced diet ankle eat a good breakfast arm exercise dally back get enough sleep ear 0 for a walk eye lit weights finger protect your skin foot (feet, plural) wash your hands hand ead leg ‘mouth neck shoulder stomach throat toe toth (teeth, plural) vais Health problems 2 backache acold a cough an earache 2 fever the fly a headache 2 sore throat a stomachache a toothache Other words breathe stretch hold repeat relax Functions: Saying how you fee! 1'm not feeling wel | don't fee! so good, | feel awful Wishing someone well Take it easy Get well soon. | hope you feel better.Language summary Grammar Vocabulary Verb + infinitive or gerund Types of TV shows Television Wer Jala. Nar runic NO rees accuracy faba oc SENS 2 drama public TV | want to watch my | enjoy watching Ike to watch / watching 3 same show feed favorite TV show. sports on TV. cartoons. filly show Tomiie oni My brother hopes to He dislikes watching We love to see seeing 5 sienm vate buy anew TV soon. reality TV shows. famous actors seams satelite TV She prefers to listen / a talk show thio listening to the radio. the news | hate to wateh / watching talk shows, Functions rfetitied ae A pel ce Aarooing with an opinion + Some verbs enjon isite) ae followed by gru "agree + Somme vets (ke love, prefer ate) ate followed by a gerund or infinitive, with no | Fee with you ditference in meaning 1 think $0, too. Present continuous for future plans Disagreeing with an opinion | disagree Wh- questions | don't really agree. am | Vm afraid | aisagree. are you is he What is she doing tonight? is it are we are you are they Affirmative statements Negative statements 1am 1 am not You are You are not He is He isnot She is watching TV. She isnot. watching TV. tis isnot We We are not You are You are not They are They are not + In affirmative statements, you can use the contractions 'm, Ye oF 8 + In negative slatements, you can use the contractions ‘m no, ‘re not oF arenY, o's not Yes/No questions Short answers Short answers Attirmative Negative am | you are you aren't Are you 1am Vm — nat. she he is he ist Is she coming over? Yes, she is. No, she isn't sit it is it isnt Are we you are you aren't are you we are we aren't Are they they are they aren't ‘Photocopiable © Cambridge University Press T-238Language summary Grammar Comparative adjectives Adjectives with one ‘Affirmative statements with or two syllables ‘comparative adjectives This laptop is light. This laptop is lighter than the other one, Your camera is nice. Your camera is nicer than rine. The new printer is fast The new printer is faster than the old one. The laptop is slow. The laptop is slower than the desktop, This car is quiet. This car is quieter than mine This cell phone is thin This cell phone is thinner than that one. Your watch is big. Your waich is bigger than mine The red phone is heavy The red phone is heavier than the white one. Adjectives with three Affirmative statements with ‘or more syllables ‘comparatives The laptop is expensive. The laptop is more expensive than the desktop. The desktop is less expensive. ‘The new camera is more difficult to use than The new camera is di to use my old one. The old camera is less difficult to use than my new one. Irregular adjectives Affirmative statements with comparatives The new printer is good The new printer is better than my old one. The new cell phone is bad. The new cell phone is worse than my old one. + To form comparatives of adjectives with one or two syllables, addr: + For adjectives ending with vowel + consonant, double the consonant before audding-er (big ~ bigger) + For adjectives ending with -y, replace the -» with -er (heavy ~ heavier) 277 fon conpaatives of adjectives with Une oF nine syllables, use mare / less + adjective + Use comparative adjectives 10 compare or contrast two things. Enough and too Enough before nouns Do you have enough money for the j Idon't have enough time to try iton ? Ihave enough shirts. | don’t need a new one. Enough after adjectives Isthe dress small enough? The pants aren't long enough. I'm tall This shirt is big enough. It fits well Too before adjectives ‘Are the pants too large? The shoes aren't too small. They fit well The belt is too big. Do you have a smaller one? + Enough means “the right amount of something * Too means “more than necessary or possible. T-239 Photocopiable © Cambridge University Press Vocabulary ‘Opposites Adjectives big / small to describe expensive /cheap ¢lothing heavy / light bagey loud / quiet bright slow / fast comfortable thick / thin plain pretty tight uely uncomfortable Functions Bargaining for a lower price How about ...? Will you take... Would you take. ..? Suggesting a different price You can have it / them for Hl let you have it/ them for 1M give i them to you torunit at Language summary Grammar Should for recommendations; can for possibility Wh- questions Where Why should | /you/he / she /we/ they travel? When can How often What should | /you/ he /she / we / they visit? What places can Affirmative statements, You should go to the palace You can take trains and taxis, Yes / no questions Negative statements You shouldn't see it in one day. You can't walk everywhere, ‘Short answers Short answers Affirmative ‘Negative ‘Should | see the square? Yes, you shauld, No, you shouldn't Can | find statues there? Yes, you can. No, you can't. * Should and can are special types of verbs called modals. Use them with a main verb in base form + Do not use third-person singular =x in sentences with should and can. + Use should to express advice / recommendations + Use ear for things that are possible or not possible. Superlative adjectives Adjectives with one syllable This city is clean ihe neignbornood 1s sae isthe park big? |s the hotel ugly? Adjectives with two or more syllables The building is modern, The fountain is beatiful Irregular adjectives Affirmative statements with superlatives This is the cleanest city in the country. It’s the safest neighborhood in the city. It’s the biggest park in Tokyo. It’s the ugliest hotel in town, Affirmative statements with comparatives It’s the most modern building here It’s the most beautiful fountain in Italy. Affirmative statements with ‘comparatives It’s the best restaurant in the city It’s the worst restaurant in the city. The restaurant is good. The restaurant is bad. + To form superlatives of adjectives with one syllable, add -est £ with vowel + consonant or two, doubles the consonant before adding -er (big ~ biggest). + For adjectives ending with -y, replace -y with est (agly — ugliest + To form superlatives of adjectives with three of more syllables, add use the most + adjective. + When compar three oF more things, use superlatives to show the most. Vocabulary Placestosee Adjectives to botanical gardens describe cities castle beautiful fountain clean monument dangerous palace dirty Pyramiat modern square relaxing statue safe stressful traditional uly Functions Asking for a recommendation What would you recommend doing there? ‘What would you suggest doing there? ‘What do you think | should do there? Giving a recommendation ''é recommend going 0 suggest going | think you should go Photocopiable © Cambridge University Press T-240unit Language summary Grammar Vocabulary Was / Were born Careers Personality ‘Whe quest ssitonat adjectives athlete brave When was 1/he/she/it born? ce ea Where were you we/ they bom? ee aan director honest Affirmative statements: Negative statements explores inspiring 1 was 1 wasn't poltcen ——_intelignt You were You werent Scientist passionate He was He wasnt faente She wa8 Born in Peru, She wasn born in Brazil i was wasnt We were We — weren't Functions. You were You weren't Expressing certainty They were "hey werent tm poste vim certain, Yes /no questions ‘Short answers Short answers V'm sure, ‘Affirmative Negative Expressing uncertainty Was he bom in 1879? Yes, he was. No, he wasn. Fim not sre, but think Were they Bom in Mexico? Yes, they were. No, they werent Vm not certain, ut | hink He was born in 1879. NOT He bormed in 1879. He was-borned in 1879. I'm not positive, but | think Past of be Wh- questions Where was I/he/she/it on Sunday? When were you/we/ they there? Affirmative statements Negative statements Van Gogh was an artist He wasn't an athlete. Reagan and Washington were Reagan and Washington USS. presidents. weren't scientists. Yes /no questions ‘Short answers Short answers Affirmative Negative Was van Gogh an artist? Yes, he was. No, he wasn't, Were Honald Reagan and Yes, they were. No, they weren'. George Washington alive at the same time? + Use the past of efor actions that were compl the past (such as whore people Period of time + ago | finished my research paper three days ago. Diego Rivera died more than 50 years ago. | saw the new action movie a week ago. sin the past oF for states of being in ‘or what their jobs were) + Use ago with periods of time, not specific times or dates + Use ago to refer to a period of time in the past in relation to the present moment ‘T-241 Photocopiable © Cambridge University PressLanguage summary Grammar Articles Asan Let's goto a restaurant, Volike an ice cream cone. ‘Some I know some good restaurants here. Let's get some ice cream. The Let's goto the restaurant on 6th Avenue. Vlove the ice cream at World Café. + Use a /an before a nonspecific singular count noun, (a noun is nonspecific when it doesn't matter which one you are talking about) + Use some before « nonspecific plural count noun of @ noncount noun, + Use she before a specific count oF noncount noun (a noun is speeifie when both speaker ang listener understand which thing they are talking about, OR when it is the second mention of the noun), + Use an before vowel sounes, Present perfect for experience Wh- questions What have | /you/we/ they eaten? Where has he/she /it eaten? ‘Affirmative statements Negative statements | have | haven't You have You. haven't He has He hasn't She has eaten She hasn't eaten it has It hasn't We have We haven't You have You haven't They have They haven't + In affirmative statements, you can use the contractions "ve and 's In negative statem 3s, You ean use the contractions ve not and 's not Yes /no questions Short answers ‘Short answers Affirmative Negative Have | you have. you haven't. Have you 1 have | hasn't. Has he he has. he hasn't Has she eaten? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't Has it it has, it hasn't, Have we you have you haven't. Have you we have we haven't Have they they have. they haven’. + Use the present perfect to talk about experiences between some point in the past and now Vocabulary Menuitems Interesting food appetizers avocados cheese ravioli blue cheese cheesecake cart juice chicken stirfry dates crab cakes —_frazen yogurt desserts oysters French fries plantains fruit sated seaweed garlic bread soy milk ice cream squid lamb chops main dishes ‘mashed potatoes mised vegetables ‘onion rings pie rice side dishes steak tomato soup Functions Ordering food Vihave..« «please. Vd lke... , please. Can I have... ., please? Checking intormation Leet me check that Let me read that back. Let me repeat that Photocopiable © Cambridge University Press T-242Language summary Grammar Vocabulary So, too, either, and neither Types of movies Types of music anaction movie blues Affirmative statements Agreement Disagreement “70 ris bss Vimafan of comedies. Sam |. / am, too. Oh, mot. a comedy county (ke to watch dramas, ‘So doI./1 do, too Oh, 'dont. a drama fok hoor movie —_‘hip-ho Negative statements ‘Agreement Disagreement 3 "01" ee Vim not a fan of comedies. Neither am |./'m not, either. Oh, | am sateen pop I don’t tke to watch dramas. Neither da I. don, ether. Oh, | do move reagee + Use so do 1/ Ido, too to agree with statements tha use other verbs + Use a negative form of he or do to he simple pre agree with affirmative statements + Use neither am 1/ Fm not, ether t agree wit negative statements with the verb be. Funetions. + Use neither do 1/1 don’t either to agfee with negative statements that use other verbs + Use an affirmative form of be or do to disagree with negative statements, Asking for suggestions o you have any suggestions? What do you suggest? Determiner + plural noun ‘Any suggestions? All of Giving a suggestion Most of Let's Alot of my friends like jazz Why don't we... .? Some of We could [Not many of None of Determiner + plural pronouns All of, Most of Alotof thom like jazz Some of us Not many of None of Determiners ‘These determiners come before plural nowns (or pronouns thent / us) and answer the {question how many? + Determiners show general quantities of something, not specifie numbers (compare: some ofthe students; five students) They range from 100% of somel (0 0% (nome of. ng (all + Use of + the or of + possessive adjective before & noun, Most of my friends OR Most of the students NOT Most of eles OR Most often. ‘T-243 Photocopiable © Cambridge University Pressunit ) Language summary Grammar Infinitives of purpose Statement with infinitive Meaning I'm saving money to travel next I'm saving money because | want to summer. travel next summer. We exercise because we want to lose weight She studied hard because she wanted to get good grades. We exercise to lose weight. She studied hard to get good grades, + An infinitive (0 + verb) can sta answer the question why? and replace a clause with because c the reason for or purpose of something it ean + Infinitives of purpose can appear in sentences using any verb tense or time frame Will for predictions Questions with will What do you think you'll do next summer? Do you think you'll get a job? Will you rent an apartment or will you buy a house? ‘Negative statements | won't take English classes, He won't wark part-time, We won't take 2 trp. They won't have a big party. Affirmative statements | will take English classes He'll work part-time, ‘We'll take a trp. They'll have a big party. + Wills followed by the base form of the main verb. + Do not use third-person singular -s in sentences with wil, + In affirmative statements, you can use the contraction‘ + In negative statements, you can use the contractions won't orl not + Will shows certainty about future predictions May, might for possibility Affirmative statements | may take English classes. | might take English classes, He may work part-time He might work part-time. We may take a trp. We may not take a trip. They may have a big party. They might have a big party. Negative statements | may not take English classes. | might not take English classes. He may not work part-time He might not work part-time, We may not take a trip, We might not take 2 trp. They may not have a big party. ‘They might not have a big party. + Use may’ and might with a main verb. Do not change the form of may / might oF the main verb with he, she, oF it + May and might for future possibility do not contract, + May and might show future possibility There is no difference in meaning between the sso verbs + May and mighr are often used withthe phrases J don’t really know oF Fm nor sure, Vocabulary Personal goals Milestones get acredit card buy a house jain a gym. get promoted learn an instrument go to college lose weight graduate from make more friends high school pass a teat rent an ssave money apartment start anew hobby retire work / study harder start a career set married start schoo! Functions. Reacting to bad news That's too bad. That's a shame. I'm sorry to hear that Reacting to good news That's wonderfull That's great to hear! 1m happy to hear that! Photocopiable © Cambridge University Press T-244