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CME Article
High-dose dexamethasone vs prednisone for treatment of adult immune
thrombocytopenia: a prospective multicenter randomized trial
Yu Wei,1,* Xue-bin Ji,1,* Ya-wen Wang,1,* Jing-xia Wang,2 En-qin Yang,3 Zheng-cheng Wang,4 Yu-qi Sang,5 Zuo-mu Bi,6
Cui-ai Ren,7 Fang Zhou,8 Guo-qiang Liu,9 Jun Peng,1,10 and Ming Hou1,11
1
Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; 2Department of Hematology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng,
China; 3Department of Hematology, People’s Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China; 4Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, China;
5
Department of Hematology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China; 6Department of Hematology, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, China; 7Department of
Hematology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China; 8Department of Hematology, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, China; 9Department of
Hematology, Shengli Oilfield General Hospital, Dongying, China; 10Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry
This study compared the efficacy and safety of high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) and
Key Points
conventional prednisone (PDN) on the largest cohort to date as first-line strategies for
• HD-DXM is a preferred newly diagnosed adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Patients enrolled were
strategy to conventional randomized to receive DXM 40 mg/d for 4 days (n 5 95, nonresponders received an
prednisone as first-line additional 4-day course of DXM) or prednisone 1.0 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks and then tapered
management of newly (n 5 97). One or 2 courses of HD-DXM resulted in a higher incidence of overall initial
response (82.1% vs 67.4%, P 5 .044) and complete response (50.5% vs 26.8%, P 5 .001)
diagnosed adult primary ITP.
compared with prednisone. Time to response was shorter in the HD-DXM arm (P < .001), and
a baseline bleeding score ‡8 was associated with a decreased likelihood of initial response. Sustained response was achieved by 40.0%
of patients in the HD-DXM arm and 41.2% in the PDN arm (P 5 .884). Initial complete response was a positive indicator of sustained
response, whereas presence of antiplatelet autoantibodies was a negative indicator. HD-DXM was generally tolerated better. We con-
cluded that HD-DXM could be a preferred corticosteroid strategy for first-line management of adult primary ITP. This study is registered
at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01356511. (Blood. 2016;127(3):296-302)
Submitted July 21, 2015; accepted October 13, 2015. Prepublished online as There is an Inside Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
Blood First Edition paper, October 19, 2015; DOI 10.1182/blood-2015-07-
The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge
659656.
payment. Therefore, and solely to indicate this fact, this article is hereby
*Y.W., X.-b.J., and Y.-w.W. contributed equally to this work. marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC section 1734.
Introduction
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune thrombocyto- Patients
penic syndrome characterized by decreased platelet count and an
Patients eligible for enrollment were aged 18 years or older of both genders and
increased risk of bleeding. Conventionally, the pathogenesis of ITP were diagnosed with primary ITP according to the International Working Group
Table 2. Comparison of outcomes between the 2 arms compared with their baseline levels in both arms (P 5 .078 in the HD-
HD-DXM PDN DXM arm; P 5 .391 in the PDN arm).
(n 5 95) (n 5 97) P OR 95% CI We evaluated potential prognostic parameters under the logistic re-
Overall response, n (%) 78 (82.1) 67 (69.1) .044 2.054 1.042-4.050 gression model. In both arms, a baseline bleeding score $8 had a neg-
CR, n (%) 48 (50.5) 26 (26.8) .001 2.789 1.526-5.097 ative impact on the initial response (OR, 0.253; 95% CI, 0.069-0.922 in
Median TTR, d (range) 3 (1-9) 6 (2-24) ,.001 the HD-DXM arm, and OR, 0.210; 95% CI, 0.062-0.706 in the PDN
SR, n (%) 38 (40.0) 40 (41.2) .884 0.950 0.534-1.690
arm). Gender, age, and baseline platelet count had no significant cor-
Sustained CR, n (%) 26 (27.4) 17 (17.5) .120 1.773 0.889-3.539
relation with response to either corticosteroid regimen.
Additional therapy*, n
HD-MP 2 3
IVIg 15 14 Long-term outcomes
Splenectomy 5 8
Rituximab 12 11 The incidence of SR and sustained CR showed no significant
Rh-TPO 9 8 difference between the 2 arms (Table 2). There was also no signif-
Vincristine 5 4 icant difference in the incidence of SR evaluated by PP population
Ciclosporin 4 4 (43.2% vs 46.0%, P 5 .762). Patients who responded to the addi-
Azathioprine 5 3 tional course of HD-DXM were as likely to achieve SR as those
(12 vs 25, P 5 .028) and lower bleeding scores (P 5 .030). There was *These numbers did not include patients who discontinued prednisone because
no significant difference in the bleeding scores of nonresponders of a loss of response.
300 WEI et al BLOOD, 21 JANUARY 2016 x VOLUME 127, NUMBER 3
Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative loss of response stratified by initial response quality (CR or R). (A) Incidence of loss of response was significantly
lower among initial CR responders in the HD-DXM arm (P , .001). (B) Incidence of loss of response was significantly lower among initial CR responders in the PDN arm (P 5 .022).
BLOOD, 21 JANUARY 2016 x VOLUME 127, NUMBER 3 HD-DXM VS PDN FOR ADULT ITP 301
least equivalent long-term outcomes to conventional PDN without the ALT 1 (1.1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
burden of long-term corticosteroid administration. Arthralgia 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (2.1) 1 (5.0)
No deaths occurred throughout our study. One reason was that, Cushingoid appearance 0 (0) 0 (0) 13 (13.4) 2 (10.0)
for safety, we excluded patients with life-threatening bleeding at en- Diarrhea 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1.0) 0 (0)
Dizziness 2 (2.1) 1 (5.6) 5 (5.2) 2 (10.0)
rollment. Most adverse effects were tolerable. Occurrence of adverse
Edema 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (4.1) 2 (10.0)
events was more frequent and long-lasting in the PDN arm, with 2 cases
Fatigue 1 (1.1) 0 (0) 4 (4.1) 1 (5.0)
discontinuing therapy because of adverse effects. The better tolerance Fever 1 (1.1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
of HD-DXM might be attributed to its limited duration because adverse Hyperglycemia 4 (4.2) 1 (5.6) 6 (6.2) 3 (15.0)
events in this arm were usually transient and spontaneously resolved Hypertension 4 (4.2) 2 (11.1) 8 (8.2) 3 (15.0)
after the completion of medication. The treatments were also well Infection 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (3.1) 1 (5.0)
tolerated in patients $60 years of age. HD-DXM allowed avoidance of Insomnia 8 (8.4) 3 (16.7) 5 (5.2) 2 (10.0)
the safety risks associated with the long-lasting administration of PDN. Mood disorders 7 (7.4) 2 (11.1) 4 (4.1) 1 (5.0)
In addition to platelet count, bleeding manifestations should also be Nausea 2 (2.1) 1 (5.6) 3 (3.1) 1 (5.0)
considered as an essential parameter of disease severity in ITP.3,9 We Palpitation 2 (2.1) 1 (5.6) 1 (1.0) 0 (0)
Peptic ulcer 2 (2.1) 0 (0) 5 (5.2) 1 (5.0)
chose an ITP-specific bleeding scale10 rather than the World Health
Weight gain 0 (0) 0 (0) 10 (10.3) 3 (15.0)
Organization scale22 (focused mainly on the amount of blood loss),
because this scale was able to reflect the severity and sites of bleeding ALT, alanine aminotransferase.
302 WEI et al BLOOD, 21 JANUARY 2016 x VOLUME 127, NUMBER 3
avoid the burden of long-term corticosteroids. Therefore, HD-DXM Key Clinical Specialty of China for Blood Disorders, National Public
could become a preferred corticosteroid approach for first-line man- Health Grand Research Foundation (201202017), Shandong Province
agement of adult primary ITP. Furthermore, because it has been shown Science and Technology Development Project (2014GSF118035,
that repeated courses of medication may yield better long-term 2014GSF118036), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong
outcome,8 future RCTs should be designed to compare the effect of Province (ZR2013HQ001), the Fundamental Research Funds of
repeated courses vs a limited course of HD-DXM. Shandong University (2015JC013, 2015QLMS07), and the Indepen-
dent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (2012TS168).
Acknowledgments
Authorship
The authors thank Dr Yu Hou from the Department of Pathology,
School of Medicine, Stanford University, and Dr Alexandra Contribution: Y.W., X.-b.J., Y.-w.W., J.P., and M.H. designed and
Marshall from the St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, for performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper; J.-x.W.,
language editing of the manuscript. E.-q.Y., Z.-c.W., Y.-q.S., and Z.-m.B. performed research and ana-
This work was supported by grants from Taishan Scholar of lyzed data; C.-a.R., F.Z., G.-q.L. performed research and corrected
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