World History 2

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Indicate whether each claim is TRUE or FALSE.

TRUE 1. The ulama were the religious scholars, who were experts in the
Sharia law.

FALSE2. Reformation’s worst repercussions can be seen in the

intellectual

and cultural flourishing it inspired on all sides of the schism.

TRUE 3. The desire for new sources of wealth was the main reason for
European
exploration.
FALSE 4. Pope Alexander VII stepped in to keep peace between the rivalry of
Spain and Portugal.

TRUE 5. Over 17,000 people were officially tried and executed during the Reign
of Terror, and an unknown number of others died in prison or without trial.

FALSE 6. World War II has also been referred to as “the first modern
war.”

TRUE 7. As early as 1923, Adolf Hitler had predicted a general

European
war that would result in "the extermination of the Jewish race in
Germany."
TRUE 8. On January 21, 1793, it sent King Louis XVI, condemned to
death

for high treason and crimes against the state, to the guillotine.

FALSE 9. The Ottoman empire is conventionally said to have been founded in

1526.

by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan.

FALSE 10. World War I was the biggest and deadliest war in history

DEFINITION OF TERMS (2 POINTS EACH)

Directions: Provide a concise definition/description to each of the
terms/personalities below.

1. Spanish flu - The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent
history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. Although there is
not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide
during 1918-1919.

2. Caravel - it is a light sailing ship of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries in
Europe, much-used by the Spanish and Portuguese for long voyages.
Apparently developed by the Portuguese for exploring the coast of Africa,
the caravel's chief excellence lay in its capacity for sailing to windward.

3. Joseph Stalin - Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was a Georgian

revolutionary and Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union from the
mid-1920s until his death in 1953. During his years in power, he served as
both General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.

4. Prince Henry the Navigator - Dom Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu,

better known as Prince Henry the Navigator, was a central figure in the
early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European
maritime discoveries and maritime expansion. Although Prince Henry the
Navigator was neither a sailor nor a navigator, he sponsored a great deal of
exploration along the west coast of Africa. ... Henry is regarded as an
originator of the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic enslaved people trade.

5. Renaissance -is a French word meaning “rebirth.” It refers to a period in

European civilization that was marked by a revival of Classical learning and
wisdom. The Renaissance was a period in European history marking the
transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and
16th centuries. It occurred after the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages and was
associated with great social change.

6. Reign of Terror - commonly The Terror (French: la Terreur), was a period

of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First French
Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took
place in response to revolutionary fervour, anticlerical sentiment, and
accusations of treason by the Committee of Public Safety.

7. Thermidorian Reaction - Thermidorian Reaction refers to the

remaining period until the National Convention was superseded by
the Directory; this is also sometimes called the era of the
Thermidorian Convention. The Thermidorian Reaction is the
common term, in the historiography of the French Revolution, for
the period between the ousting of Maximilien Robespierre on 9
Thermidor II, or 27 July 1794, and the inauguration of the French
Directory on 1 November 1795

8. Inquisitions - The Inquisition, in historical ecclesiastical terminology also

referred to as the "Holy Inquisition", was a group of institutions within the
Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. Torture and violence
were used by the Inquisition for eliciting confessions from heretics. former
Roman Catholic tribunal for the discovery and punishment of heresy. by an
investigation conducted with little regard for individual rights.

9. Archduke Franz Ferdinand - he held significant influence over the

military, and in 1913 he was appointed inspector general of the
Austro-Hungarian armed forces. On 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand
and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo by the 19-year-old
Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young Bosnia. The political objective
of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's South Slav
provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia. The
conspirators' motives were consistent with the movement that later
became known as Young Bosnia.

10. Holocaust - The word ‘holocaust’ comes from ancient Greek and means
‘burnt offering’. Even before the Second World War, the word was
sometimes used to describe the death of a large group of people, but since
1945, it has become almost synonymous with the murder of the European
Jews during the Second World War. The Holocaust has a number of
causes. Its direct cause is the fact that the Nazis wanted to exterminate the
Jews and that they were able to do so. But their lust for murder didn't come
out of nowhere. The antisemitic Nazi ideology must be considered in the
broader context of the age-old hostility towards Jews, modern racism, and
nationalism.

ESSAY (5 POINTS EACH)

Directions: Explain and discuss each topic/question. Your essay will be
evaluated based on the evidence it provides of your ability to:

 Analyze and evaluate multiple perspectives on a complex issue

 Explain and support your ideas with logical reasoning and detailed
examples
 Clearly and logically organize your ideas in an essay

1. Explain the impact the printing press had on the Protestant Reformation.

Different changes were made to the printing press as the printing press
expanded, by the time the Protestant Reformation took place the printing
press had reached a point where tons of content could be produced at a
much higher rate than previously. Now the printing press had a large
impact on the Protestant Reformation because of the production of
pamphlets. After Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on the door of the
church in Wittenberg, Germany the theses were printed any spread quickly
throughout Germany and shortly after Europe. Since printing presses
produced the same material regardless of where it was the messages and
ideas that were in the theses were shared to everyone that read them
regardless of location. This is a huge reason behind why the Protestant
Reformation gained so much traction.

2. What made “Age of Exploration” possible? How does it affect or impact us

today in the 21st century?
In the early 15th century, the era known as the Age of Exploration, also
called the Age of Discovery, officially began and lasted through the 17th
century. The era is defined as a time when, in search of new trade routes,
wealth and information, Europeans started exploring the world by sea. The
impact of the Age of Exploration would permanently alter the world and
transform geography into the modern science it is today. Impact of the Age of
Exploration is that explorers learned more about areas such as Africa and the
Americas and brought that knowledge back to Europe. Massive wealth accrued to
European colonizers due to trade in goods, spices, and precious metals. Methods of
navigation and mapping improved, switching from traditional portolan charts to the
world's first nautical maps. New food, plants, and animals were exchanged between
the colonies and Europe. Indigenous people were decimated by Europeans, from a
combined impact of disease, overwork, and massacres.Indigenous people were
decimated by Europeans, from a combined impact of disease, overwork, and
massacres.

3. What were the key government roles in the Ottoman Empire? Explain the
significant role of Religion in its government.

With the Emperor as the supreme ruler of a centralized government that

had effective operation of its territories, officials and people, the Ottoman
Empire developed over the centuries as a dictatorship. It was possible to
inherit wealth and rank, but they were just as often won. Titles such as
princes and aghas were understood as positions. A key to many issues
was military service.The official religion of the Ottoman Empire was Islam.
The sultan claimed the highest position in Islam, the caliphate, after the
defeat of the Mamluks, which was established as the Ottoman Caliphate.
The Sultan was meant to be a devout Muslim, and the Caliph was given
literal authority. In addition, Sunni clerics had considerable influence over the
government, and their power was central to economic regulation. Despite all this, the
Sultan was also entitled to the rule, imposing a code in Turkish called Kanun.

4. What caused World War I and II? Explain the impact of these wars to the
contemporary world.

Between July 1914 and November 11, 1918, World War 1 occurred. By the end of the war, over
17 million people had about 100,000 American troops would be killed. Currently, the
explanation why war erupted is much more complex than a straightforward list of
triggers.While there was a chain of events that directly led to the fighting, the actual root
causes are much deeper and part of continued debate and discussion. This list is an overview
of the most popular reasons that are cited as the root causes of World War 1. World War II in
Europe was terminated by the German Instrument of Surrender. On the night of May 8, 1945,
in Karlshorst, Berlin, the definitive text was signed by members of the three armed services of
the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) and the Allied Expeditionary Force, along with the
Supreme High Command of the Red Army, together with other French and U.S. armies. The
terms of Germany’s unconditional surrender had been discussed since January 1944 and
further clarified at the Yalta conference. They established, among other things, that the Allied
Representatives “will take such steps, including the complete disarmament, demilitarisation
and dismemberment of Germany as they deem requisite for future peace and security.”
Mutual Defense Alliances,Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense
agreements that would pull them into battle. These treaties meant that if one country was
attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them.
5. What role did women play in the French Revolution? Were they simply a
reactionary force—as when bread shortages prompted a march on Versailles—or
an active part of the revolutionary public?

French women were largely restricted to the private sphere when the French Revolution began
in 1789. Domestic duty and family duty determined their actions, and public life was the realm
of a man.However, the ideas of equality and comradery that sparked the French Revolution
captivated women from all backgrounds. Women were eager to voice their political opinions
and grievances. While the intellectuals of the upper classes debated property rights and
universal suffrage, the working classes took to the streets with their own frustrations such as
finding affordable bread. The women of Paris were highly engaged in these events and their
convictions spanned the political spectrum, depending on their positions in society. The
wealthy women of the aristocratic and bourgeois classes often acted as salonnières, or worked
in tandem with their husbands. That is not to say that many did not also take part in street
demonstrations, nor is it to suggest that working class women were one unvaried force. There
were divisions at all levels, and many Parisian women were concerned with economic
conditions and high grain prices, while their neighbor might be demanding institutional
reforms such as the right for women to establish their own political clubs.

6.Explain the picture below.

For me , this is all about how women minister her country, on

how can she hadle it very well. Many people believe that women
leadership is invisible and that they are holding back their
responsibility and leadership, because of the assumption that
the corporate world is the men’s industry. Leadership is also
seen as a domain that is male dominated and is directly linked to
authoritarian leadership style, an attribute which women lack. In
the picture, i think that the three girls who is standing, they are
leaders in different colonies and they lead and do their job very
well so that they can offer the best for their mother Country. We
should not underestimate the things that a woman can do.
Because womens are unstapable and unbreakable.
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