CH3347 Reaction Engineering

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 Contact

Dr. CHÂU NGỌC ĐỖ QUYÊN

Email: cndquyen@hcmut.edu.vn

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 OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE

❑ The Chemical Reaction Engineering provides the

knowledge and calculation skills of the homogenous
reactors (based on two models: mixing and plug flow)
and heterogeneous reactor.

❑ The subject Chemical Reaction Engineering presents

the fundamental of Chemical reaction and reactors.

❑ It is followed by basic methods to interpretation of

chemical kinetics data, design equation and
application, the effects of temperature on design and
real flow modelling and application. Analyze and
design the reactor of solid catalyzed reaction and
biochemical reactor. 3
 REFERENCES
1. Octave Levenpiels; “Chemical
Reaction Engineering”, John
Wiley&sons, 1999.
2. H. Scot Foggler, “Elements of
Chemical Reaction Engineering”,
International students edition, 1989.

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 REFERENCES

1. E.B.Nauman, “Chemical Reactor Design”, John

Wiley & sons, 1987.
2. R. Ravi, "Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical
Engineering , Volume 3A, Fourth edition,
Chemical & Biochemical Reactors", Elsevier,
2017
http://www.umich.edu/~elements/5e/index.html

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 Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, students should be able to:

✓ Interpret the chemical kinetics data. Develop kinetic
equations.
✓ Develop design equation from conservation equations.
✓ Calculate and optimal design chemical reactors apply
for every reaction.

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 CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chem. Reaction Eng

Chapter 2: Determination of homogenous reaction kinetics

Chapter 3: Design equations for homogenous reactions

Chapter 4: Application of reactor design

Chapter 5: Temperature effects in reactors

Chapter 6: Basics of non – ideal flow

Chapter 7: Introduction to the designation of heterogeneous

chemical reactors 7
 Rules for studying the course:
▪ Attendance is critical. Also, lecture is very similar to the
book material, reinforcing material in course.
▪ Students must complete all exercises and tests taken in
class as required.
▪ Students must complete all assignments, project assigned
by the lecturer.
▪ Students should note the deadline for submitting
assignments.
▪ Students should spend on average 6 to 8 hours per week
for self-studying (reviewing lectures, doing the tutorial
sheets & additional problems, and studying for the exam).

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 Preparation for Class:

❖ Be an active learner - ask yourself questions

during lectures, as you read, and as you attempt
problems
❖ Keep up with reading! Lectures make more sense
when you have read beforehand. Classwork, and
test material comes from the book.
❖ Try to work together as a group, help one
another out for class preparation.
❖ Repetition is the key. Do as many problems as
you can to become familiar with the problem
types.

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 EVALUATION
➢ FINAL: 50%

➢ MID-TERM: 20%

➢ Assignments and projects (groups,

individuals): 30%

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Chapter 1:
Introduction to
Chemical Reaction
Engineering

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 Let’s Begin CRE

Aims of Chapter 1:
✓ Students can describe, define the concepts in
Chemical Reaction Engineering
✓ Students can distinguish, evaluate various
types of reactors

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 Chapter 1
CONTENTS:
❑General introduction

❑Concepts in CRE

❑Classification of reactors

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 Let’s Begin CRE
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical
process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.

CRE can be applied in many areas, such as waste treatment,

microelectronics, nanoparticles, and living systems, in addition to the
more traditional areas of the manufacture of chemicals and
pharmaceuticals.

Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering

(CRE) are:
CPI (Chemical Process Industries)
Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron
Pharmaceutical – Antivenom, Drug Delivery
Medicine – Tissue Engineering, Drinking and Driving

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 Let’s Begin CRE
❖Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the
field that studies the rates and mechanisms of
chemical reactions and the design of the
reactors in which they take place.

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 What is Chemical Reaction Engineering?

➢ Understanding how chemical reactors work lies at the heart

of almost every chemical processing operation.
Physical Chemical Physical Products
Raw
treatment treatment treatment By-
material steps steps
steps products

Recycle
➢ Design of the reactor:
▪ No routine matter
▪ Many alternatives can be proposed for a process.
▪ Reactor design uses information, knowledge and experience
from a variety of areas - thermodynamics, chemical kinetics,
fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, and economics.

➔CRE is the synthesis of all these factors with the aim of

properly designing and understanding the chemical reactor. 16
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Chemical Plant for Ethylene Glycol

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Nitric acid production

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Nitrobenzene production

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❖Human body as a system of reactors

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 Information needed to predict what a
reactor can do.
To find what a reactor is able to do we need to know the
kinetics, the contacting pattern and the performance equation.

Performance equation
relates input to output

=f [input, kinetics, contacting]

Contacting pattern or how materials Kinetics or how fast things

flow through and contact each other
in the reactor, how early or late they
mix, their clumpiness or state of
aggregation. By their very nature
some materials are very clumpy-for
instance, solids and noncoalescing
liquid droplets.
happen If very fast, then
equilibrium tells what will leave
the reactor. If not so fast, then
the rate of chemical reaction,
and maybe heat and mass
transfer too, will determine what
will happen. 24
 Classification of Reactions

Homogeneous: takes place in one phase

Heterogeneous: it requires the presence

of at least two phases to proceed at the rate
that it does.

More complicated:
+ enzyme-substrate reactions
+ very rapid chemical reactions

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 Classification of Reactions
Noncatalytic Catalytic
Homogeneous

Most gas-phase Most liquid-phase

reactions reactions
Fast reactions such as Reactions in colloidal
burning of a flame systems
Enzyme and microbial
reactions
Burning of coal Ammonia synthesis
Roasting of ores Oxidation of
Heterogeneous

Attack of solids by acids ammonia to produce

Gas-liquid absorption nitric acid
with reaction Cracking of crude oil
Reduction of iron ore to Oxidation of SO2 to
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iron and steel SO3
 Variables Affecting the Rate of
Reaction
In homogeneous systems:
➢Temperature
➢Pressure
➢Composition
➢....
In heterogeneous systems
➢…..
➢Mass transfer
➢Heat transfer

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 Definition of Reaction Rate
The rate of change in number of moles of this component due to
reaction is dNi /dt
Based on unit volume of reacting fluid:

Based on unit mass of solid in

fluid-solid systems

Based on unit interfacial surface in

two-fluid systems or based on unit
surface of solid in gas-solid systems

Based on unit volume of solid in

gas-solid systems

Based on unit volume of reactor,

if different from the rate based on unit
volume of fluid
➔ Vri=Wri’=Sri’’=VSri”’=Vrri”’’ 28
 1.1. Chemical Kinetics

➢ Single & multiple reaction

➢ Elementary & non elementary reaction
➢ Chemical Equilibrium
➢ Reaction order
➢ Temperature dependency from Arrhénius’ Law

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 1.2. Chemical thermodynamics
Chemical thermodynamics deal with equilibrium states
of reaction system.
➢ The calculation of enthalpy changes connected with
chemical reactions, and
➢ The calculation of equilibrium compositions of
reacting systems.

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 Example 1.1
A rocket engine, burns a stoichiometric mixture of fuel
(liquid hydrogen) in oxidant (liquid oxygen). The
combustion chamber is cylindrical, 75 cm long and
60 cm in diameter, and the combustion process
produces 108 kg/s of exhaust gases. If combustion
is complete, find the rate of reaction of hydrogen
and of oxygen.

1
H 2 + O2 → H 2O
2

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 Example 1.2

A human being (75 kg) consumes about 6000 kJ of

food per day. Assume that the food is all glucose and
that the overall reaction is

Find man's metabolic rate (the rate of living, loving,

and laughing) in terms of moles of oxygen used per
m3 of person per second.

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 Classification of Reactors
To carry out chemical reactions, discontinuously operated
reactors or continuously operated reactors can be used.
• Discontinuously: more frequently applied to produce fine
chemicals
• Continuously: more advantageous for the production of larger
amounts of bulk chemicals.
To study the different behavior of these types of reactors,
another important criterion serves to distinguish two limiting
cases: mixed flow and plug flow behavior

For theoretical studies and to compare the different reactors,

four different ideal reactors can be defined using the above
classification: batch reactor, semi-batch reactor, continuously
stirred tank reactor, plug flow tubular reactor. 33
Reactor Design

Reaction
Stoichiometry
Kinetics: elementary vs non-elementary
Single vs multiple reactions

Reactor
Isothermal vs non-isothermal
Ideal vs nonideal
Steady-state vs nonsteady-state

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 Mixed reactors

http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Reactors/CSTR/CSTR.html
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Mixed reactors

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Copyright Chemical Engineering, Access Intelligence, LLC
Mixed reactors

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 Mixed reactors

Copyright DCI, Inc., St. Cloud, MN

Copyright Pfaudler Inc., Rochester, NY

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Copyright New Brunswick Scientific, Edison, N
Plug flow Tubular reactor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76wXA73h-jU&t=8s
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Plug flow Tubular reactor

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Ideal reactor types.

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