pstTo Designation: 1 193.13 seule AASHIO Bra SCOPE This test met subprin micthost mace! specimens. The tes cohesive materials vegas trom Taotteny om ed to, evaluating the strength o having, Neos than 19 mam (in) test method provides Bee all passes the 10. dey roi eine pd Provides for maging eee tater han 1 O/ fraction remains the sme Wie undo the total gravel 4.75-mm (No. 4 mn a esac narge experience tly different strength properties cone apparatus results of tests us Fe een Modif Sail esta ae so past practice has show particles Ti has, Shown that CBR results f Px eeanlyiroors ieee ao Is for those materi having aban percentages of S-nn Gi.) eve reba re ea atrils to establish a reliable CBR. ‘This test method provides fe ides for the det content or a rani rmination conry unit mass eee saet Red Sompection tested a opeifed dry wa ater content fom specified compaction est anda ses ae eats OFT 99 OFF TSO ae of maximum dry ee compa “The agency requesting the test shall specify the water content er content oF range of water content and the dry unit mass for which the CBR is desired. s it has been shown to have no effect fied otherwise by the requesting agency, or unless penetration, Unless spec! ¢ for the material being tested, all specimens shall be soaked prior to on test results “The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS AASHTO Standards: ig M92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes aM 145, Classification of Soils and Soil- Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes of Disturbed Soil and Soil-Ageresate Samples for Test R58, Dry Preparatior 72, Sampling of Age! 88, Particle Size Ani regates alysis of Soils ies [AASHTO3. 34 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 44 g the Liquid Limit of Soils sig i My eS : 99, Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5.1b) —_ aati s of Soils Using a 4.54-ky Ada ao mT 180, Moisture-Density Relations oF (104%) in . ) Drop , _ an termination of Moisture Content of Soils my, a mT :265, Laboratory Det rength of valuate the poter berade, sub This test method is used to evaluate the ] . SUbbase, material, including recycled materials, for use in reat fd airfictd Pavements, The bie aitained in this test forms an integral part of several flexible pavement desig, meth vat s where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is smal, ot where an allowance is made for the et" ect of, tof ed at the ome Rormally the! " SPecificatig, For application: cohesionless, coarse-grained materials, compaction water contents in the design procedure, the CBR may be determin, water content of a specified compaction effort. The dry unit mass specified is minimum percent compaction allowed by using the agency’s field compactio For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is unknown desired to account for its effet, the CBR is determined for a range of water coment range of water content permitted fr field compaction by using the agency's helg ey alte Paton specification. Foaterials tht gain sen The criteria for test specimen preparation of self-cementing (and other) with time must be based ona geotechnical engineering evaluation, AS directed yr self-cementing materials shall be properly cured until bearing ratios representing ong stem ser conditions can be measured. APPARATUS | molds for each soil to be tested.snveddy one HUH PLUOHTEI—b aunBid sx yor 27} wn ceoen! | fy T 193-3(panuyyuog) smereddy oney uyeag eruoyeg—p ean B14 ‘W ONVYTTOL Het a Lz Yel x ea ‘WHSIIONS ‘ts "SONVASTON FS 69 Exeter) a a sos | po | te 3 NOISNAWUG INOUE “VRELLVW SLVid GNV Wals S1aVISHIOV T joo [#100 “Ww GONVETION Ko yo | xe | owe |e x WHSTIONT sco_ [90 Wut "GONVUATOL 191 oast | sas [cei [ovat £9) ‘at ‘OPAL Len ot o a 0 esas ¥. (NOISNEIG 2BVTIO9 NOISNELXG HALIM GIOW VRLYW 9 % % “1 SONVUTTION HSIIONS uw "GONVURTOL ver 1 56 eel £9) wa ORLA 2 i a +1315 ¥. NOISNAWUG NOISNVAX@ ONINIMRLIG Wod Goa AVRELYW Swuowamseayy Jo aiquy, T 193-4 TS-1aHy 1 Disk-A citcular space spore Zs PACET dish dol 37 £0.25 M26 Vgty le OF me 1 Hein age am 5 hen using ieht jote 1. When using Molds having BML (See Figuy Norn of 61 37 mm 2-416 in.) is nee MOF 177.49 ne ‘ Aanmner—A BOE A SPECt.ed in eine aius for Measuring F Ae a 8 Expansion (Figure 1) and a ipod suppor for «ig 149.2 + 1.6 mim (5/5 + ; The tripod used to su This consists of, indica ‘win. in diameter ana ig UE The Port the dial indi " ble stem Perforated wide peel leis made of meta with Lom (jin AMged tothe mae le) ameter holes, fension collar ‘ator is ary Indicators To dial indicators each ind 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) indicator shall have a 25. mmm (I-in.) throw and read to surcharge Weights—One annutar mey (2% in.) in diameter and several stor indiameter and each having a mass 2.97 yan Note 2—When using split weights, the mass of thes ely 54.0 mm im (5"/g4 "ig in.) Penetration Piston—A metal piston of crcl ular cross-section havi 0413 mm (1.954 0.008 in.) area = 1938 md es and pare diameter of 49.63 (See Figure |.) not less than 102 mm (4 in.) long, Loading Device—A compression-type apparatus ca i aratus capable nga “cress up to a capacity sufficient for the material being tenet Renee Lee ptTessins lone used to force the penetration piston into the seams 3 mm/min. (0.05 in/min.), Soaking Tank—A soaking tank suitable for maintaining ieitea eee, ining the water level 25 mm (I in.) above the Drying Oven—A thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 110+ 5°C (230 + 9°F) for drying moisture samples, Moisture Content Containers—As specified in T 265, Miscellaneous—Miscellaneous tools such as mixing pans, spoons, straightedge, filter paper, balances, etc. SAMPLE \n shall be prepared in accordance The sample shall be handled and specimen(s) for compactior with the procedures given in T 99 or T 180 for compaction in a 152.4-mm (6-in.) mold except as follows: i in.) sit Si all be used for preparing Ifall material passes a 19.0-mm ("/g-in.) sieve, the entire gradation s ; specimens for compaction without modification. If there is material retained on the 19.-nem sieve, the material retained on the 19.0-mm sieve shall be removed = replaced by an equal amount of material passing the 19.0-mm sieve and retained an the e fa ( by separation from portions of the sample not otherwise used for testing: AASHTO. T 193-551.3. 6.2. 6.2.1. 71. 744A. having a mass E35 4 5 jy, tr Rast Option anes Cone VEO A Berns Rasa pn ate CM appeals FT RECS Yt Feeney ee aunt a he spe wan NES TSP Postion a thao ef appronsimiately 6.8 bye (1S 1D) 62018 a sample having 3899 OF LT ky iy Water Content roma sant soy anaes oF appronimiately O§ ke ye ge preventative postions I PP hy oxbe ie) ‘Compaction euIve Bearing Rate fora Ray nore, select at least five 1} 1 for use an developing each MOISTURE-DENSITY RELATION Bearing Revie at Optomum Warcr Content USIME NS section & 1, determine the optimum moisture cont eet the optima ritner T 99 of T 186. 4 previously performed compact tha or ein et un Sette prone A vel prepared ena 11k (25-1b) portion prepared as 4 and nnaxiroum dry density m acces a 'y in accondane, with the ea test on the same material may the sample contains material ret npaction he substitu sasined on the 19 Section 5.1 is used (Note 3). ao Nate 3 Mesinan dey nit mass obtained from a compaction fet PATNA 1) Gq seen aye lightly greater than de manna Cy Oi weight obtained from oe aarp 152 nm (Grn) compaction mokd oF CBR mek! Bearing Ratio fora Range of Water Content—Using the 688 (1) aches epaed as Bearing Ratio for a rare i emine the optimum moisture content ang moxinnan ev density in described in Section § te saction method specified, either T 99 (Method D) oF 180 Method Dy i seats shall be used and each specimen shal be penelsaied for CBR al plete moisture-density relationship fr 25-blow and 10-bow JJuand each test specimen compacted shall be penetrated wre the specified unit mass is at or near to include a compactive effort greater except that the determination. In addition, th per layer compactions shall be develope Perform all compaction in CBR molds, In cases whet 100-percent maximum dry unit mass, it will be necessary than 56 blows per layer (Note 4). Note 4_-A semilog plot of dry unit mass versus compactive effort usually gives a straight line relation when compactive effort in J/m’ (ft-Ib/A) is plotted on the log scale. This type of plotis wae in eetablishing the compactive effort and number of blows per layer needed to bracket he specified dry unit mass and water content range, Ifthe soaked CBR is to be determined, take a representative sample of the material, for the determination of moisture; atthe beginning of compaction of each specimen and another same ofthe remaining material after compaction of each specimen. Use T 265 to determine the moisture be determined, take a moisture content sample in accordance content. If the unsoaked CBR is to with T 99 or T 180 if the average moisture content is desired. PROCEDURE Bearing Ratio at Optimum Water Content: jes range from Normally, three specimens must be compacted so that their compacted den: 95 percent (or lower) to 100 percent (or higher) of the maximum dry density determined in Section 6.1. Note 5—Generally about 10, 30, and 65 blows per layer are suitable for compacting specie” 2, and 3, respectively. More than 56 blows per layer are generally required to mold a CBR specimen to 100 percent of the maximum dry density determined by T 99 (Method D); this 5 to the sample for the moisture-density test being reused, while the sample for the CBR spec!" mixed and compacted only once. TS-1a T 193-61 6 Some labo} ydry density Not! " Would be cons U by either T OF oT URE e A to the base 86 plate, cr disk into the moll mp the mol spa fENSION C4 eo nase fi Hae ang Ht and wey ud wei th Paper ontop oftuediae eat) wach of the three 6.8. jis cael Kg (15-1b) esrb opty MoHsture 6 1D) portions pre ol Content deter hated in Sey “tion 5.1.2 with s ned in Si ‘ction 6.1 suffic pact the fist of the three portio myn ie a he lowest selected DS percent of less of the marine cos ser tHe th nt hive a cunt by T 99, oF fi rT ted depth of about 128 ma Humber of bi of blows nt 8 in order 10 give a fe a compacted mine the moisture content of of the matey ce ton procedie (wo samples), Enel eee ined soils and 500 g for c ae coarse-gra se-grained soils, Deters termination of moist wisture content shall be fine-e finan accordance with T 265, Laborato ry Determination of Moisture C ‘ure Content of Soils. ing compacte arma atthe beginning and end of the have a mass of at least 100 g for remove the extension collar, and usin sing a strai ofthe mold. Surface irregularities shoul ightedge, trim th ot place a coarse filter paper on the id be patched with m the compacted soil even withthe top am place on the filter paper so the co forated base plate, inven dhe ene gene the Spacer arora base plate to the mold and a Coa a nd end compacted soil pergimen to the nearest 5 @ (0.01 Ib) ach the collar Determine the mase fee wold and - of the mold and act the other two 6.8-kg (15-Ib) g (15-Ib) portions in ‘ fh 7.1.6, except that an intermedi accordance with ; Se ae ermediate number of blows per |: the procedure in Sections 71 4 e highest number of blows per I per layer should be used to compact layer shall be used to compact the comp* throug! the secon third specimen. for a Range of Water Content: mens in accordance, wih Section 6.2. Perform all compaction in the CBR molds .p the compaction curves for the 10-blow, 25-blow, and S6-blow Per .d. In cases where the specified unit mass is at or near eater Bearing Ratio. Prepare speci Each specimen fayer compactive efforts shall be penetrate ip percent maximum dry unit mass, it will be necessary to include a compactive effort ar than 56 blows per layer. the mold and apply sufficient base and base m of 4.54 kg. imple in | to the mass of the sub SOAKING djustable stem on the soil sa shall be a minimus Place the swell plate with a rrastar weights to produce an intensity of loading ea annie and surfacing above the tested materia) The total mas: ‘Additional mass shall be added in increments of 2.26 kg. old and make an initial dial reading. dicator on top of the m: of the specimen. Place the tripod with dial in imately 25 mm. 1 to allow free acc level in t! d Soak the specimen .ess of water to top and bottom. ‘oaking tank approxi he mold and the s‘ Immerse the mold in wate! 96 hours (4 days). During soaking, maintain the water (1 in) above the top of the specimen AASHTO T 193-7monte wy . m™ wy Note 7 A shorter immersion period (not less than 24 hours) may be used for Soil-aueregarg tnaterils that drain readily iftests show that the shorter period does not affect the testresuli 4, jer than 4 days may be required, some elay soils, soaking period x jing on the soaked specimens and calculate the sq) ke a 8.4, AL the end of 96 hours, 8 a percentage of the initial sample length change in length in mm during soakin, percent swell = Shange in length in mm during soaking, | gg a 116.43 mm 85. Remove the specimens from the soaking tank, pour the water off the top and allow to drain downward for 15 min, Care shall be taken not to disturb the surface of the specimens during removal of the water. After draining, remove the surcharge weights, perforated plates, and top filter paper. Note 8—The mass of the specimens may be determined aiter draining when it is desired to determine the average wet density of the soaked and drained material, 9. PENETRATION TEST - 9.1. Application of One Surcharge Weight—Place one annular weight on the specimen. Seat the Penetration piston with a load of no more than 44 N (10 Ib). 9.2. Application of the Remaining Surcharge Weight—After seating the penetration piston, place the remainder of the surcharge weights around the piston. The total amount of surcharge weight placed on the specimen shalll be equal to the surcharge weight used during soaking. Set the penetration dial indicator and the load indicator to zero. 9.3. Application of Load—Apply the loads to the penetration piston so the rate of penetration is uniform at 1.3 mm (0.05 in.)/min. Record the load when the penetration is 0.64, 1.27, 1.91, 2.54, 3.81, 5.08, and 7.62 mm (0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, 0.150, 0. 200, and 0,300 in.). Load readings at Penetrations of 10.16 and 12.70 mm (0.400 and 0.500 in.) may be obtained if desired. Note 9—The moisture content of the upper 25 mm. (1 in.) may be determined after testing if desired. Moisture samples shall weigh at least 100 8 for fine-grained soils and 500 efor granular soils. 10. CALCULATIONS 10.1. ‘Stress-Strain Curve—Plot the stress-strain (resistance to penetration-depth of penetration) curve some instances, the initial penetration takes place for each specimen as shown in Figure 2. In without a proportional increase in the resistance to penetrati upward. To obtain the true stress-strain relationships, corre. shape near the origin by adjusting the location of the origin by extending the straight line portion of the stress-strain curve downward until it intersects the abscissa. (See dashed lines.) ion and the curve may be concavei gt conection © ot vat fa, iy «st rte GreTacled Load Values, a ct C at§ 1-mm Penewation |_ 1 conected Loa vat st2S:mm Benetton los: 5A ‘Adjusted Origins for Concave ‘Shape of Curves ie os 76 102 727 25 Penetration, mm Stress-Strain Curves rrected load values shall be determined for each specimen at ‘caring Ratio values are obtained in mm (0.10 and 0.20 in.) by the sively, and multiplying these ratios California Bearing Ratio—The cor eed 5.08 mim (0.10 and 0.20 in.) penetration, Ca ore B Fervent by dividing the corrected ond vats 2.54 and 5.08 1 petted loads of 6.9 and 10.3 MPa (1000 and 1500 psi) resPes by 100. corrected load value BR = xt CBR = ~~ standard load 00 C Lf the ratio at 5.08 mm (0.20 in.) ‘ves a similar result, the ratio at ted at 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) penetration. st shall be rerun. If the check test 8 shall be used, ‘The CBR is generally select penetration is greater, the te 5,08 mm (0.20 in.) penetration Water Content Only— ‘Molded relation as 5! ercentage of the mi mitted by the agency's CO ata obtained from te three specimens, Plot “The design CBR may then be ‘mally the minimum Using the dé ‘own in Figure 3 aximum dry density, n0m action specifications. Design CBR for One the CBR-Dry Density as determined at the desired Ps percentage compaction Per 71058 ‘AASHTO ET REIT”— — 125 — 65 Blows per Layer 100 Ew & 8 30 Blows per Layer ° >————- i ° i i i I * i Blows per Layer t \ ° L 1602 1682, 1762 4842 1922, 2002 2082 Dry Density as Molded, kg/m Example: Given: Maximum dry density by 98 = 1986 kg/m? Find: The CBR at 98 percent ofthe above maximum dry densi Solution: 95 percent of 1986 kg/m? = 1887 kg/m? ‘At 1887 kg/m? > the CBR is 52. Note: 1 pef = 16.02 kg/m, Figure 3—Dry Density Versus CBR 10.4, Design CBR for Water Content Range—Plot the data from the tests at the three compactive effort as shown in Figure 4. The data plotted as shown represent the response of the soil over the range of water content specified. Select the CBR for re water content range having a dry unit mass between the s} Produced by compaction within the water content range. porting as the lowest CBR within the specified ecified minimum and the dry unit mas| | gtegprconn”| oto eee ee jolded Dry Density, Kolm? 7 ry Density, kal (©. 86 Blows per Layer © 25 Blows per Layer 1A 10 Blows per Layer ration. All samples soaked top and bottom four days. All sample rer, [&in, drop in CDR mold ys. All samples supsotng n= (sees 10 I sop ye: p_Datermining CBR for Water Content Range and Minimum Dry Unit Weight i REPORT m she report shall include the following information. for each specimen aM. Compaction effort (number of blows per layer) 42. Dry density as molded, percent. 3 Moisture content as molded, percent: td, Swell (percent of original Jength), percent. 18. California Bearing Ratio, percent: