Nama : Ike Erna Safitri

Nim. : 22020032
Kelas : 4B

NEWS READING

Read the following passage then answer the questions.

Blood Donation and Transfusion

Transferring blood products from one person to another person is known as transfusion. If
someone loses a lot of blood in an accident or during surgery, doctors can give them
replacement blood that has been donated. Blood cannot be manufactured, so blood from
another human must be used. Only a small number of the population is able to donate blood
for storage. The blood is taken from the donor using a needle inserted into their arm. This
blood is then kept cool and stored until required by someone in need. The whole blood must
be used before 42 days have passed, in which time unused blood will be destroyed. Portions
of the blood can be transfused as needed. Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, or
the plasma can be separated out and transfused for certain medical conditions. 

Even though blood can be shared between a donor and a patient, the two must have
compatible blood types. There are four basic types of human blood: A, B, AB, and O. Type O
can be given to any person, no matter their blood type. But doctors must check a patient’s
blood type before giving them donated blood of any other type. Giving a patient the wrong
blood type can cause illness or death. Blood has antigens (proteins or sugars) attached to
the outside of the blood cells. These antigens can set off a reaction if the antigens are
different from the patient’s antigens in a transfusion. The body’s immune system may attack
the new blood cells.

Blood is further identified as positive or negative based on something known as the Rh

factor. So in addition to having one of the four blood types, the positive or negative indicator
applies too, leaving the blood types to be: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ or O-. There are
additional factors of some blood that will further impact a transfusion. 

Questions 

1. What is transfusion?
2. How many types of basic blood groups are there? What are they?
3. What should the doctor do before doing blood transfusion?
4. What is antigen?
5. What is Rh factor?
6. Mention some additional factors that might affect a transfusion.