P

ERC
OBA
ANI
I
I
DI
ODAZ
ENE
R

A
.Tu
jua
n

1
.Thi
sex peri
mentdemon
str
atesthev ol
tag
elimi
ti
ngbehav
iou
rofaZenerdio
de.I
t
i
nvo
lvesrai
si
n gt
hein
putvol
tag
eU i
Instepswhi
l
emea s
uri
ngth
eout
putvol
tageUO.
T
hevaluesareent
eredi
ntoatabl
eo fval
uesan
dthenpr
esent
edi
ngra
p h
ica
lfom.
r

2.T
hi
sex per
imentsho
wsh owtheout
putv
olt
agevar
iesasafunc
ito
no f 
di
ff
erent
l
oadresi
stan
ces.Wea l
soco
mpar
etheeff
ectso
fusin
gdif
fer
enttypesofZener
d
iodeornoZenerdi
ode.

3
.Thi
sex peri
mentsho
wsh o
wt h
eo u
tpu
tv ol
ta
gev ari
eswh endi
ffer
entin
put
v
olt
agesa r
eused
.Weal
socomp
aret
heeff
ect
so fu
sin
gd i
ff
erentt
ypesofZ
ener
d
iod
eo rnoZen
erdi
ode.

B.A
latd
anBa
han

1
. Ko
mpu
ter

2.U
niT
rai
nI
nt
erf
ace S
O4203
-2A

3
.Un
iTr
ai
nEx
per
imen
ter S
O42
03-
2B

4.U
niT
rai
nEx
ten
dedS
upp
lyS
O42
03-
2D

5
.Un
iTr
ai
nPo
werS
upp
ly S
O42
03-
2A

6
.Un
iTr
ai
nDi
odesC
ard S
O4203
-7A

7
.Un
iTr
ai
nZenerDiodesCar
d SO4203
-7C
8
.Un
iTr
ai
nSeto fC
ables S O5
146
-1L
9
.Un
iTr
ai
nConnect
ionPlu
gs SO51
24-
7B

C
.Da
sarT
eor
i
 Di
odaZenermer
upa
kansa
tujen
isdi
odak
hus
usyan
gj u
gabi
samenga
li
rk
anar
us
k
eara
hseba
li
kn
ya.Lamba
ngdi
odaZen
erdi
gamb
ark
andal
amgamb
ar3
.1
.Bent
ukny
aden
gan
d
iod
ebia
sa.

Si
fatdaridi
odaZeners a
mad eng
ansif
atd a
ridi
odab i
asa,h
anyadi
odaZ ener
di
ran
canguntukmemil
ikivo
lt
a eb
s reakth
rou
ghp a
dav o
lt
a s
et ert
entu.Vol
ta
seb reak
th
roughpad
ad i
odaZenerbi
asadi
sebutseb
agaiv
olt
aseZener.Dio
daZenerbi
asadi
p aka
i
pad
aar a
hbal
iksehi
ngg
av o
lt
asep a
dadiod
eini
konst
anseba
g a
ivol
taseZener
nya(
Blo
c her,
20003:1
8).

Ga
mba
r3.
1La
mba
ngd
iod
eZen
er

Padadas
arn
yadiodaZenermemil
i
kika
rakt
eris
ti
kyanghampi
rsa
mad engand
iod
a
r
ecti
fi
eryai
tumemi
li
kik
arak
teri
sti
kmajudanmund
ur.Pad
adiod
aZ en
erbi
asma j
uVji=0,
s
edang
kanpadabi
asmundu
rpadasaatterj
adigej
alayan
gserupabr
eak
downp adad
iod
a
r
ecti
fi
er,d
iodaZen
era k
anme n
ghant
arka
nt a
npakerusa
kan
,tegang
anin
idi
s ebutd
iod
a
Z
ener(A
hmad,
2007:30)
.
 Ga
mba
r3.
2Di
odaZ
ener

Kurvakarak
teri
sti
kd iodazenerj u
gasamas ep
ertidio
dab i
asa,namunperl
u
d
iper
tega
sa dan
yadaerahbrea k
downdimanapad
as aa
tbiasmundurmencap
a it
eganga
n
b
reakd
ownma k
aa r
usdio
dana ikdenga
nc epa
t(gamar3.
2).Daer
ahb r
eakd
owni n
il
ahti
ti
k
f
okuspenera
pand ar
idiodaz ener.Sedangk
anp a
dad i
odab i
asatida
kd iper
bol
ehka
n
p
emberi
antegan
ganmundurs
a mpaipad
ad ae
rahbr
eakdo
wn,k
a r
enabi
samerusakdi
oda.

Ga
mba
r3.
3Ku
rvak
ara
kter
is
ti
kdi
odez
ener

P
ener
apa
ndi
odaZ
enery
angp
ali
ngp
ent
in
gad
ala
hseb
aga
ipen
yet
abi
lteg
ang
an
vo
( l
ta
ger
egu
lat
or)
.Ra
ngk
aia
nda
sarp
eny
eta
bil
teg
ang
ana
dal
ahp
adag
amb
ar3
.3.A
gar
r
ang
kai
ani
nid
apa
tber
fun
gsi
seb
aga
ipe
nyet
abi
lt
ega
nga
n,ma
kad
iod
aZen
erh
aru
sbek
erj
a
p
adad
aer
ahb
rea
kdo
wn.
Den
gank
atal
ai
n,a
pab
il
adi
l
ih
atp
adag
amb
ar3
.2,
mak
ateg
ang
an
s
umb
er(
Vi)y
angd
iber
ik
anp
adar
ang
kai
anh
aru
sleb
ihb
esa
rda
riVza
taua
rusp
adad
iod
a
z
enerh
aru
sleb
ihb
esa
rda
riI
zmi
ni
mum.
 Ga
mba
r3.
3Ra
ngk
aia
nda
sarp
eny
eta
bil
teg
ang
an

Ol
ehk
aren
ait
uper
sya
rat
any
angh
aru
sdi
pen
uhi
aga
rra
ngk
aia
nber
fun
gsi
seb
aga
i
p
eny
eta
bil
teg
ang
ana
dal
ahb
erk
ena
and
eng
ann
il
aiR
Lda
nVi
.Per
tama
,RLh
aru
sleb
ihb
esa
r
d
ariR
Lmi
ni
mum.R
Lin
iber
hub
ung
and
eng
anI
z,k
aren
abi
l
aRLmi
ni
mum,
mak
aILmen
jad
i
ma
ksi
mum,s
ehi
ngg
aIzmen
jad
imi
ni
mum.Ked
ua,Vih
aru
sleb
ihb
esa
rda
riVimi
ni
mum.Vi
mi
ni
mumi
nia
kanmen
jami
nba
hwad
iod
ame
nda
pat
kant
ega
ngnb
a r
eak
down
.Ka
susp
ert
ama
:
R
esi
st
ans
ibeb
anR
Lha
rusl
ebi
hbes
ard
ariR
Lmi
nmu
m.A
pab
il
aRLk
eci
lsek
al
iseh
in
gga
k
ura
ngd
ariR
Lmi
n,ma
kat
uru
nte
gan
ganp
adaR
L(j
ugap
adaz
ener
)ak
ank
eci
lseh
in
gga
k
ura
ngd
ariVz
.Ol
ehk
aren
ait
uzen
ert
ida
kber
fun
gsi
,ka
ren
ati
dakb
eker
jap
adad
aer
ah
b
rea
kdo
wn.
Unt
ukmen
ghi
tun
gha
rgaR
lmi
nad
ala
hme
ngh
it
ungh
arg
aRLs
aatd
iper
ol
ehVL=
Vz
,ya
itu
:

S
ehi
ngg
adi
per
ol
eh:

H
arg
aRLmini
nia
kanmen
jami
nba
hwad
iod
eZe
nerb
ekr
ja.
Den
ganR
Lmi
nma
kad
iper
ol
eh
I
Lma
x,y
ait
u:
Bi
l
aZ en
ersud
ahbeker
ja,b
era
rti
VL=VZ=kon
sta
n,d
and
eng
anmen
gan
gga
pVi
tet
apma
ka
tu
runteg
ang
anpa
d aRS(VR)j
ugatet
ap,y
ait
u:

VR=Vi
–Vz

Da
nar
usy
angmen
gal
i
rpa
daR
sju
gat
eta
p,y
ait
useb
esa
r(I
R):

A
rusZ
enerd
apa
tdi
hi
tun
gden
gan:

I
z=I
R–I
L

Kar
enaI
Rt et
ap,makaI
zma ksi
mumbi
laI
Lmini
mumd a
ns ebal
i
knya
.AgarI
ztid
akmel
ebi
hi
ba
tasIz
my an
gs ud
ahditentuk
anol
ehpabr
ik
,makaILha r
ustidakb
olehku
rangda
riI
L
mi
ni
mum.Ji
kaI
zmter
lamp
au i
,Zen
erak
anpa
nasdanb
isarus
a k
.I
Lmini
nia
dala
h:

Den
gand
iper
ol
ehI
Lmi
ni
mum,
mak
aRLa
kanma
ksi
mum,
yai
tu:

(
Sur
jon
o,2007
:41
-44)
.
D.La
ngk
ahP
erc
oba
an

D.
1Pemb
ata
sTeg
ang
and
eng
anT
ega
nga
nDC

1
.Setu
pth
efo
ll
owi
ngex
per
imen
tus
in
gth
eSO
4203
-7A"
Dio
des
"ca
rd:

2.T
hef
ol
lo
win
gan
ima
tio
nil
l
ust
rat
esh
owt
osetu
pth
eex
per
imen
t:

3
.Op entheDCVo lta
geSo u
rcevirt
ualins
trumen
tbys el
ect
igI
n nst
rument
s|
Vol
tageSou
rc es|DCVol
tag
eSo u
rcefr
o mth
emenuorbycl
ic
ki
ngonth
ed i
agr
am
bel
ow,an
dselecttheset
ti
ngsasi
ndi
catedi
nthefol
l
owi
ngtabl
e.T
henswi
tchth
e
i
nstr
umentonu s
in
gt h
ePOWERswi
tch.
 Set
tin
gsf
ort
heDCVo
lta
geSo
urc
e
R
ang
e: 1
0V
Ou
tpu
tvo
lt
age: 0 
V

4.OpentheVol
tmeterAvir
tuali
nst
rumenttodis
pl
aytheo ut
putvol
ta
geU Ob
y
sel
ecti
ngI
ns
trument
s|Measu
rin
gIns
trument
s|Vol
tmeterAfromt
hemenuorb
y
cl
ick
in
gonth
ed i
agramb
elo
w,andsel
ecttheset
ti
ngsasin
dic
atedi
nth
efol
lo
win
g
tabl
e.

Setti
ngsf
or
Vo
ltmet
erA(UO)
Measu
remen
t 1
0 
V
ra
nge: DC
Op
era
tin
g
A
V
mo
de:
5
.OpentheVol
tmeterBvi
rt
uali
nstr
umenttodi
spl
ayt
h ei
nputv
olt
ageUb
I ys
elect
in
g
I
ns
tru
ments|Measur
in
gIn
stru
ments|Vol
tmet
erBf romth
emen uorb
yc l
i
ckin
go n
t
hedi
agra
mbelow,an
dsel
ecttheset
ti
ngsasi
ndi
catedint
hefol
l
owi
ngtabl
e.

Set
tin
gsf
orVo
ltmet
erB(
UI)
Mea
sur
emen
tra
nge: 1
0 
VDC
Op
era
tin
gmo
de: A
V

6
.Inc
rea
sethei
npu
tv o
lt
ageUIins
tep
so f1V,me
a s
uri
ngtheoutp
utv o
lt
ageUOat
ea
chst
ep.
Ent
ertheval
uesi
nt
otheta
ble.
Thenswi
tchth
et a
bleovert
otheGr
aph
Vi
ew.

T
owh
atv
alu
eist
hev
olt
agel
i
mit
ed?
V

Wh
ichs
tat
emen
tsa
bou
tth
eef
fec
tso
fth
eZen
erd
iod
ear
eco
rrec
t?
Oncetheli
mit
ingval
uehasb eenrea
c h
ed,t
heoutp
utvol
ta
gebar
el
yris
es
anymoreastheinpu
tv ol
ta
g eisra
ised.
Theoutputvol
tagein
creasesli
near
lyonc
ethel
imi
ti
ngval
ueh
asbeen
reach
ed.
Belo
wt heli
mi
tingval
ue,t
heZ enerdio
dehasn
oinfl
uen
ceont
heoutp
ut
vol
tage.
T
heo
utp
utv
olt
agei
ncr
eas
esa
lmo
stl
i
nea
rl
ybel
owt
hel
i
mit
in
gva
lue
.
T
heo
utp
utv
olt
agec
oll
aps
eso
nre
ach
in
gth
eli
mi
ti
ngv
alu
e.
 2Ket
D. erg
ant
ung
anp
adaBeb
an

.S
1 etu
pth
efo
ll
owi
ngex
per
imen
tus
in
gth
eSO42
03-
7C"
Zen
erd
iod
esa
nd
o
pto
elec
tro
nicc
ompon
ent
s"c
ard.
Thej
umperl
i
nksd
rawni
nda
shedl
i
nesa
re
c
han
gedint
hecour
seoft
hee
xperi
men
t:

2.T
hef
ol
lo
win
gan
ima
tio
nil
l
ust
rat
esh
owt
osetu
pth
eex
per
imen
ttob
egi
nwi
th
:

4.OpentheDCVo l
tageSour
cevir
tua
lin
str
umentbysel
ect
ingI
ns
truments|
Vo l
tag
e
Sour
ces|DCVo l
tageSour
cefr
omthemenuorbycl
i
cki
ngonth
ediagra
mb el
ow,and
sel
ectthesetti
ngsasi
ndi
cat
edinth
ef o
ll
owi
ngtabl
e.Th
enswi
tchtheins
trument
onusi
ngthePOWERswit
ch.
 Set
tin
gsf
ort
heDCVo
lta
geS
our
ce
R
ang
e: 1
0V
Ou
tpu
tvo
lt
age: 1
0 
V

5
.Opent heVo l
tmeterAvir
tuali
nst
rumenttodis
pl
aytheoutpu
tv ol
ta
geU Oby
s
electi
ngIn
str
u ment
s|Measu
rin
gIns
trumen
ts|Vol
tmet
erAfromthemenuorby
c
li
ckin
go nt
hed ia
gramb
elo
w,andsel
ecttheset
ti
ngsasi
ndi
cat
edinth
ef o
ll
owi
ng
t
able.

Set
tin
gsf
orVo
ltmet
erA(
UO)

Me
asu
remen
tra
nge: 1
0 
VDC
O
per
ati
ngmo
de: A
V

6
.Thefo
ll
owin
gt ab
lein
d i
cat
eswhic
hcombi
nat
ion
sofs
tab
il
i
sat
iona
ndj
ump
erl
i
nksa
re
t
obeusedforeachseri
esofmeas
ureme
nts.

Mea
sur
ements
eri
es  Stab
il
is
ati
on  J
umperl
in
k
 
A  NoZenerdi
ode  -
 
B  
UseZPD4.7  
X5:X6
 
C  
UseZPD6.2  
X7:X8
7
.T h
efol
l
owi
ngan
ima
tio
nil
l
ust
rat
esh
owt
osetu
pth
emea
sur
emen
tser
iesf
ort
he
exp
eri
men
t:

8
.Ina
ddi
ti
on,
thef
ol
lo
win
gta
blei
ndi
cat
eswh
ichj
ump
erl
i
nksa
ret
obeu
sedwi
thea
ch
 o
fth
edi
ff
eren
tlo
ads
.

No. Load J
umperli
nk
(s)
1 6 8
0Ω X15
:X1
6
2 390Ω X13
:X1
4
3 220Ω X11
:X1
2
4 150Ω X9:X1
0
5 108Ω X9:
X10+X13:
X14
6 8 9Ω X9:
X10+X11:
X1
2
9
.T h
efol
l
owi
ngan
ima
tio
nil
l
ust
rat
esh
owt
osetu
pth
elo
adr
esi
st
orsf
ort
he
exp
eri
men
t:

1
0.Usi
ngdif
fer
entlo
adresi
stor
sandafi
xedi
npu
tv o
lt
a g
eo f10V,
tak
ethr
eeser
iesof
measu
rementsofth
eo utp
utvolt
ageUOwi
ththev o
ltmetera
ndent
erth
eva l
ues
obt
ain
edi nt
ot h
et ab
le.Onceeachmea
surementse r
iesha
sbeensuc
cessf
ull
y
rec
orded,s
witc
hthetabl
etotheGra
phVi
ew.
P
ert
any
aan
:

H
owh
ighi
sth
ema
ximu
mou
tpu
tvo
lt
agei
nea
chc
ase?
U
O= Vwi
thn
o d
iod
e

U
O= Vwi
th4.
7VZ
enerd
iod
e

U
O= Vwi
th6
.2VZ
enerd
iod
e

Wh
icho
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngs
tat
emen
tsa
rec
orr
ect
?

T
heo
utp
utv
olt
agei
sco
nst
antwh
enn
odi
odei
sus
ed.
T
heo
utp
utv
olt
agei
smo
stc
ons
tan
twi
tht
he4.
7VZ
enerd
iod
e.
T
heo
utp
utv
olt
agei
smo
stc
ons
tan
twi
tht
he6
.2VZ
enerd
iod
e.
Whent
heZen
erdio
desa
reu
sed
,th
eou
tpu
tvo
lt
agei
sst
abi
l
is
edb
elo
wthe
th
resh
ol
dvol
tag
e.
Whent
heZen
erdio
desa
reu
sed
,th
eou
tpu
tvo
lt
agei
sst
abi
l
is
eda
tabou
tthe
th
resh
ol
dvol
tag
e.
T
hel
ar
gert
hel
oadr
esi
st
anc
e,t
heb
ett
ert
hes
tab
il
i
sat
ion
.
T
hes
tab
il
i
sat
ioni
mpr
ovesa
sth
elo
adr
esi
st
anc
ete
ndst
o0Ω.
D.
3Ket
erg
ant
ung
anp
adaT
ega
nga
nIn
put

.S
1 etu
pth
efo
ll
owi
nge
xper
ime
ntu
sin
gth
eSO4203
-7C"
Zen
erd
iod
esa
nd
o
pto
elec
tro
nicc
ompon
ents
"car
d.Thejump
erl
i
nksd
rawni
nda
shedl
i
nesa
re
c
han
gedint
hecou
rseoft
heex
peri
ment
:

2.
Thef
ol
lo
win
gan
ima
tio
nil
l
ust
rat
esh
owt
osetu
pth
eex
per
ime
ntt
obeg
inwi
th
:

3
.Op entheDCVo lt
ageSo u
rcevirt
ualins
tru
mentbys el
ect
igI
n nst
rumen
ts|
Vol
tageSourc
es|DCVo l
tageSour
c efr
omt h
emen uorbyc l
i
cki
ngonthe
di
agrambel
ow,an
dse l
ectt
hesetti
ngsasi
ndi
catedi
nthefol
l
owin
gtabl
e.T
hen
swit
chth
einst
rumentonus
ingth
ePOWE Rs
witc
h.

Set
tin
gsf
ort
heDCVo
lta
geSo
urc
e
R
ang
e: 1
0V
Ou
tpu
tvo
lt
age: 0 
V

4.OpenteVo
h lt
meterAvir
tual
ins
trumentt
odis
pl
ayth
eout
putvol
ta
geUOby
sel
ect
igI
n n
str
uments|
Measu
ri
ngIns
trumen
ts|
Vol
tmet
erAf
romt
hemenuo
rby
 c
li
ck
ingonthedi
agr
amb
elo
w,a
nds
elec
tth
eset
ti
ngsa
sin
dic
atedi
nth
e
f
ol
lo
wingt
abl
e.

Set
tin
gsf
orVo
ltmet
erA(
UO)
Mea
sur
emen
tra
nge
: 1
0 
VDC
Op
era
tin
gmo
de: A
V

5
.Thef
ol
lo
win
gtabl
ein
dica
teswhi
chc
ombi
nati
onso
fst
abi
l
is
ati
ona
ndj
ump
erl
i
nks
a
ret
obeusedf
oreachser
ieso
fmeas
uremen
ts.

Mea
sur
ements
eri
es S t
abi
l
isa
tio
n J
ump
erli
nk
A NoZen
erdio
de -
B Us
eZPD4.7 X5
:X6
C Us
eZPD6 .
2 X7:
X8
6
.Thefo
ll
owi
ngani
mat
ioni
l
lu
str
ate
sho
wtos
etu
pth
emea
sur
emen
tser
iesf
or
t
heex
peri
men
t:

7
.Usin
gav ari
abl
ein
putvol
ta
geandafixedlo
adresi
st
a nceo
f68 0Ω,ta
keth
ree
s
eri
esofmeasur
ement
softheout
putv o
lt
ageUOwiththevol
tmeteran
dent
er
t
hev a
luesobt
ain
edin
tothetabl
e.Oncethemeasuremen
tserieshaveb
een
s
uccess
ful
lyr
ecor
ded,
swi
tchth
etabletotheGra
phView.

P
ert
any
aan
:

Wh
\ i
cho
fth
eou
tpu
tch
ara
cter
is
ti
csi
sap
pro
xima
tel
yco
nst
antf
ora
nin
putv
olt
age
o
fbe
twee
n8Va
nd1
0V?
 Ou
tpu
tch
ara
cter
is
ti
cwi
thn
oZen
erd
iod
e.
Ou
tpu
tch
ara
cter
is
ti
cwi
tht
he4.
7VZ
enerd
iod
e.
Ou
tpu
tch
ara
cter
is
ti
cwi
tht
he6
.2VZ
ene
rdi
ode
.
No
neo
fth
eou
tpu
tch
ara
cter
is
ti
cs.

Wh
icho
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngs
tat
emen
tsa
rec
orr
ect
?
I
fth
einpu
tvolt
agev a
riesbelowthethresh
oldvol
tag
e,th
eoutpu
tv o
lt
age
r
emai
nsroug
hl
yconstan
t .
I
fth
einpu
tvolt
agev a
riesabovethet h
reshol
dvol
tage,
theou
tputvol
ta
g e
r
emai
nsroug
hl
yconstan
t .
T
heZenerdi
odehasnoinf
luenceonthec i
rc
uiti
fthein
putvo
lt
age
f
lu
ctua
tesbel
owthet h
reshol
dv o
ltage.
T
heZenerdi
odehasnoinf
luenceonthec i
rc
uiti
fthein
putvo
lt
age
f
lu
ctua
tesabovethethresho
ldvol
tage.
T
heZenerdi
odest
a bi
l
is
est heoutputvolt
ageinth
eev en
toffl
uct
uati
onsi
n
t
hein
putvol
tageabovethet h
reshol
dvo l
tag
e .
T
heZenerdi
odest
a bi
l
is
est heoutputvolt
ageinth
eev en
toffl
uct
uati
onsi
n
t
hein
putvol
tagebel
owt hethres
holdvolt
age.

A
.