‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻷﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ ١-١‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ ﻷﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻀﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ‪" -‬ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ -‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﺄﺛﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -٢-١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺤﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﻑ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ "ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ" ﻭ "ﺍﻷﺛﺮ" ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ )‪(١ -١‬‬ ‫______________________________________________________________________‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﻭﺳﻴﻒ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻷﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٢-١‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺧﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺳﺎء ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻫﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻋﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﺎﺯﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ ﻻﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻋﺒﺎء ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺓ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ؛ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻛﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺗﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻤﻮﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻧﺰﺍﻫﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ )‪(٢ -١‬‬ ‫______________________________________________________________________‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﻭﺳﻴﻒ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻷﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
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‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻠﺒﺪﺍﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣-١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ – ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻦ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﻨﻴﺔ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٣‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٤‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٥‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻫﻮ "ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء"‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٦‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٧‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻟﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٨‬ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .....‬ﺍﻟﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ -٩‬ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﻜﻞ ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ )‪(٣ -١‬‬ ‫______________________________________________________________________‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺮﻭﺳﻴﻒ‬

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