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Capı́tulo 1

Sistema de Números Reales

1.1. Inecuaciones polinómicas


Ejemplos:

1. Resolver: 3x − 4 < x + 6

2. Resolver: 3(x − 4) + 4x < 7x + 4

3. Resolver: 5x − 4(x + 5) < x − 24

4. Resolver: 2 ≤ 5 − 3x ≤ 11

5. Resolver: 2x2 − x − 10 > 0

6. Resolver: x2 + 8x − 65 < 0

7. Resolver: x2 + 20x + 100 > 0

8. Resolver: −4x2 + 4x + 3 > 0


3 9
9. Resolver: x2 + x + <0
5 100
10. Resolver: 2x3 − 3x2 − 11x + 6 < 0

11. Resolver: 12x4 − 56x3 + 89x2 − 56x + 12 < 0

12. Resolver: x5 + 3x4 − 5x3 − 15x2 + 4x + 12 > 0

13. Resolver: x5 + 8x4 + 12x3 − x2 − 8x − 12 > 0

14. Resolver: x(2x + 1)(x − 2)(2x − 3) > 63

15. Resolver: (x − 1)2 (x + 2)(x + 4) > 0

16. Resolver: (2x + 1)(3x − 2)3 (2x − 5) < 0

17. Resolver: (x2 − 7)(x2 + 16)(x2 − 16)(x2 + 1) < 0

1
2 CAPÍTULO 1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS REALES

18. Resolver: (x2 + x + 1)(2 − x − x2 ) ≥ 0

19. Resolver: (x − 9)2n (1 − x3 )2n−1 (x4 − 9) < 0 , n ≥ 1; n ∈ N

Ejercicios Propuestos:

1. Resolver: −1 ≤ 3x − 3 < 2
x 1 1
2. Resolver: − > 2x +
2 4 3
3. Resolver: −3x + 4 ≤ 4x + 5
2x + 6 x
4. Resolver: − <5
3 4
5. Resolver: 5x − 2 < 10x + 8 < 2x − 8
1 1 1
6. Resolver: − ≤ 3x − ≤
5 4 3
x 3x 5
7. Resolver: + < , a>b>0
a2 − b2 a + b a−b
2x 5x
8. Resolver: +4> + 2x , a>b>0
3a 6b
6 − 3x
9. Resolver: 2x + <4
4
x x x
10. Resolver: + > 1 + , c>b>a>0
a b c
3x + 8
11. Resolver: 2x − 6 <
5
12. Resolver: 3(x − 5) − 4(4 − 3x) ≥ 2(7 − x) − 3(x − 5)

13. Resolver: 2x2 − 6x + 3 < 0

14. Resolver: 2x2 + 6x − 9 < 0

15. Resolver: 9x2 + 54x > −76

16. Resolver: −4x2 + 4x + 3 > 0

17. Resolver: 4x2 + 9x + 9 < 0

18. Resolver: 4x2 − 4x + 7 > 0

19. Resolver: x4 − 2x2 − 8 < 0

20. Resolver: −4x2 − 8 < −12x



21. Resolver: x2 − 2 3x − 2 > 0

22. Resolver: 3x2 − 8x + 11 ≥ 4(x − 1)

23. Resolver: 3x2 − 10x + 3 < 0


1.1. INECUACIONES POLINÓMICAS 3

24. Resolver: x(3x + 2) < (x + 2)2

25. Resolver: 4x2 − 8x + 1 < 0

26. Resolver: 5x2 − 14x + 9 ≤ 0

27. Resolver: x2 + 3x + 2 > 0

28. Resolver: 1 − 2x − 3x2 ≥ 0

29. Resolver: 3x2 − 5x − 2 > 0

30. Resolver: (x2 + 2x)(x2 − 1) − 24 > 0

31. Resolver: x(x − 3)(x − 1)(x + 2) > 16

32. Resolver: x4 + 2x3 − x2 + 4x − 6 < 0

33. Resolver: (x2 + x − 6)(4x − 4 − x2 ) ≤ 0

34. Resolver: 2x3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6 ≥ 0

35. Resolver: x3 − 3x2 − 13x + 15 > 0

36. Resolver: x4 − 4x3 − x2 + 16x − 12 > 0

37. Resolver: x5 + 3x4 − 5x3 − 15x2 + 4x + 12 > 0

38. Resolver: x5 − 6x4 − x3 + 29x2 + 8x − 15 < 0

39. Resolver: (x2 − 2x − 5)(x2 − 2x − 7)(x2 − 2x − 4) > 0

40. Resolver: x5 − 2x4 − 15x3 > 0

41. Resolver: (x3 − 5x2 + 7x − 3)(2 − x) ≥ 0

42. Resolver: (x − a)(x − b)(x − c)(x − d) < 0 , a<b<c<d

43. Resolver: (x2 + 6x − 1)(x3 − 2x2 − 2x + 4)(x + 5)5 > 0

44. Resolver: (6x + 3)2 (x2 − 1)3 (3x − 5)7 < 0

45. Resolver: x(3 − x)3 (x2 − 1)2 (1 − x)5 > 0

46. Resolver: x4 − 2x2 − 3x − 2 ≥ 0

47. Resolver: x4 − 3x3 + 5x2 − 27x − 36 < 0

48. Resolver: x4 < x2

49. Resolver: (2x2 − 4x − 1)(3x2 − 6x + 4)(x2 + 4x − 2) > 0

50. Resolver: x5 + 8x4 + 12x3 − x2 − 8x − 12 > 0


4 CAPÍTULO 1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS REALES

51. Resolver: (x2 − 1)(x2 + 9)(x + 4)(x − 5) > 0

52. Resolver: (x + 2)(x + 3)(x − 4)(x − 5) > 44

53. Resolver: x6 + 6x4 + 9x2 + 4 > 0

54. Resolver: x4 − 3x2 − 6x − 2 < 0

55. Resolver: x5 − 6x4 − 17x3 + 17x2 + 6x − 1 > 0

56. Resolver: x4 − 2x2 + 8x − 3 > 0

57. Resolver: x4 − 2x3 − 5x2 + 10x − 3 ≤ 0

58. Resolver: (x − 7)(x − 3)(x + 5)(x + 1) ≥ 1680

59. Resolver: (x + 9)(x − 3)(x − 7)(x + 5) ≤ 385

1.2. Inecuaciones fraccionarias


Ejemplos:
(x2 − 1)(x + 3)(x − 2)
1. Resolver: >0
(x − 5)(x + 7)
x−2 x+1
2. Resolver: <
x+3 x
x x−1 2x
3. Resolver: + <
x−1 x x+1
x x−3
4. Resolver: ≤
1−x 2−x
x2 − 5x + 6
5. Resolver: ≥0
x2 + x − 42
−x3 + x2 + 22x − 40
6. Resolver: ≥0
x(x + 7)
24 − 4x
7. Resolver: 1 + >0
x2 − 2x − 15
3x + 5
8. Resolver: ≤3
2x + 1
(2x2 − 8x + 8)(x + 3)
9. Resolver: ≥0
x+6
(1 − x − x2 )(2 − x − x2 )
10. Resolver: ≥0
(3 − x)(2 − x)

x5 − 1 x5 − 2
11. Resolver: <
x4 + 1 x4 + 2
1.2. INECUACIONES FRACCIONARIAS 5

(x2 − 2x + 4)(x − 1)
12. Resolver: <0
(2x + 1)(x + 4)
x+5 x−1
13. Resolver: ≤
x−6 x−3
(x − 3)(x + 2)2 (x + 1)(x − 4)
14. Resolver: >0
x(x + 2)(x2 − 3)(x + 3)

x−2 x2
15. Resolver: < 2
x+2 x +2
x+4 x
16. Resolver: >
x−7 x+1
2x2 − 6x + 3
17. Resolver: >1
x2 − 5x + 4
2x − 1 x x+1
18. Resolver: < ≤
x+4 x+4 x+4
3 13 1
19. Resolver: ≤ +
x 4(x − 1) 4x + 12
3 1 3
20. Resolver: + ≥
x−1 x+1 x
2x − 25 2x + 11 1
21. Resolver: + >
2(x2 + 2x − 3) 2(x2 − 1) x+3

(x − 1)2 − (x + 2)2
22. Resolver: ≥0
(x − 2)2 − (x + 1)2

x4 + 5x3 − 20x − 16
23. Resolver: 3 ≤0
x + 2x2 − 13x + 10
x 1 2x
24. Resolver: + ≥
x2 − 5x + 6 2x 3 − 4x + x2
1 x−3 2
25. Resolver: < <
5 x+1 3
x4 5x2 + 36
26. Resolver: 4 < 4
x − 16 x − 16
Ejercicios Propuestos:

x+1 x
1. Resolver: <
2−x x+3
1 4
2. Resolver: ≥
3x − 7 3 − 2x
x+2 x2 + 2
3. Resolver: ≥
x−2 x2
x−2 x
4. Resolver: ≥
x+4 x−2
6 CAPÍTULO 1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS REALES

x3 − 4 x3 − 2
5. Resolver: <
x2 + 2 x2 + 1
x−1 2x x
6. Resolver: ≤ −
x x+1 x−1
x2 + 2 x2 + 1
7. Resolver: >
x4 + 1 x4 + 4
x2 − 2x x+8
8. Resolver: ≤
x−4 2
1 3x + 1
9. Resolver: ≤ <4
x x
x2 + 8 5x − 8
10. Resolver: ≥
x+4 5
x+4 x−2
11. Resolver: > 2
x2 + 4x + 4 x −4
1 2
12. Resolver: <
x+1 3x − 1
1 2x2 − 3x + 3
13. Resolver: − <
2 (x − 2)(2x + 3)
2x − 1 3x − 1 x−7
14. Resolver: + <4+
x+1 x+2 x−1
x x−3
15. Resolver: ≤ 2
x2 +4 x +x+4
(x2 − 2)(x + 5)(x − 3)
16. Resolver: >0
x(x2 + 2)(x + 3)
(6x + 3)2 (x2 + 1)3 (3x − 5)7
17. Resolver: >0
(x + 6)2 (2x + 3)17
(4x + 2)2 (x2 + 2)5 (2x − 8)9
18. Resolver: <0
(x + 1)2 (2x + 5)13
x+4 x−2
19. Resolver: <
x−5 x+3
7 1
20. Resolver: + < −2
x−4 x+2
(x2 + x − 6)(x2 − x − 6)
21. Resolver: >0
(x2 − 4)(x2 − 2)
x−2 x2
22. Resolver: < 2
x+2 x +2
5 1
23. Resolver: + >2
x+3 x−1
3x + 1 1
24. Resolver: 2 ≥ >
x x
1.2. INECUACIONES FRACCIONARIAS 7

x2 − 2x + 3
25. Resolver: > −3
x2 − 4x + 3
2x4 + 7x3 + 8x2 + 6x + 1
26. Resolver: 5 >0
6x + 17x4 + 23x3 + 18x2 + 7x + 1
7 6
27. Resolver: − 2 <5
x−1 x −1
12x5 − 35x4 − 53x3 + 53x2 + 35x − 12
28. Resolver: <0
x6 + 15x5 + 78x4 + 155x3 + 78x2 + 15x + 1
2x − 1 x + 2 x−1
29. Resolver: + >
x+4 3−x x+3
x3 + 1 x − x2 + x4 − x5
30. Resolver: > +9
(1 − x2 )(1 − x) (1 − x)2 (1 + x)
4x4 − 20x2 + 8
31. Resolver: <8
x4 − 5x2 + 4
(x − 1)2 (x2 − 1)(x4 − 1)
32. Resolver: ≥0
(x4 + 1)(x − 2)
(x2 + 5x + 6)(x4 − 16)(x2 − 4x − 12)
33. Resolver: <0
(1 − 3x)3 (x − 1)(x2 + 1)
4 x−2 4
34. Resolver: − <
4−x 5 x
3x2 + 7x + 5
35. Resolver: ≤2
x2 + 3x + 2
(x2 + x − 6)(x2 − x − 6)
36. Resolver: ≤0
(x2 − 4)(x2 − 16)
(x2 + x + 1)(2 − x − x2 )(x4 − 2x2 − 3x − 2)
37. Resolver: ≤0
(2x2 − 4x − 1)(3x2 − 6x + 4)(x2 + 4x − 2)(x2 − 7)
x 12 x+1
38. Resolver: < <
x+1 19 x+2
(x − 3)(x + 2)2 (x + 1)(x − 4)
39. Resolver: >0
x(x + 2)(x2 − 3)(x + 3)(x2 + 4)
x+2 x2 + 2
40. Resolver: ≥
x−2 x2
41. Resolver:

42. Resolver:

43. Resolver:

44. Resolver:

45. Resolver:
8 CAPÍTULO 1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS REALES

46. Resolver:

47. Resolver:

48. Resolver:

49. Resolver:

50. Resolver:

51. Resolver:

52. Resolver:

53. Resolver:

54. Resolver:

55. Resolver:

56. Resolver:

57. Resolver:

58. Resolver:

59. Resolver:

60. Resolver:

61. Resolver:

62. Resolver:

63. Resolver:

64. Resolver:

65. Resolver:

66. Resolver:

67. Resolver:

68. Resolver:

69. Resolver:

70. Resolver:

71. Resolver:

72. Resolver:
1.3. INECUACIONES IRRACIONALES 9

73. Resolver:

74. Resolver:

75. Resolver:

76. Resolver:

77. Resolver:

78. Resolver:

79. Resolver:

80. Resolver:

81. Resolver:

82. Resolver:

83. Resolver:

84. Resolver:

85. Resolver:

86. Resolver:

87. Resolver:

1.3. Inecuaciones irracionales


Ejemplos:

1. Resolver: x + 5 > −2

2. Resolver: x+7>0

3. Resolver: x−5≤0

4. Resolver: x−8<0

5. Resolver: x+9≥0
√ √
6. Resolver: 8 − 2x < 13
√ √
7. Resolver: x+3+ 4 − x > −3

8. Resolver: x−7>3

9. Resolver: − x − 5 > 0
10 CAPÍTULO 1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS REALES
√ √
10. Resolver: x2 − x − 12 ≤ x2 − 6x + 5

( 3 x2 − 4)(x − 2)2 (x3 − 13x + 12)
11. Resolver: ≥0
(x + 4)3 (x3 + 8x2 + 4x − 48)
√ √ √
( 5 x + 7)(x + 2)4 (x + 3)( 3 x2 − 7x + 12)( 4 10 − x)
12. Resolver: √ ≤0
( 6 x + 9)(x − 8)3 (x3 − 27)(x2 − 14x + 48)

13. Resolver: x2 − 14x + 13 ≥ x − 3

14. Resolver: x2 − 14x + 13 < x + 1
r r
2x − 8 5−x
15. Resolver: + ≥0
x−1 x+3
√3
3−x
16. Resolver: √4
√ >0
( x − 1)( 5 x + 5)
2


( 3 x2 − 9)(x3 + 8x2 + 4x − 48)
17. Resolver: ≥0
(x + 4)5 (x3 − 13x + 12)
r
32 − 2x √
18. Resolver: ≥ x
x+2

19. Resolver: x2 − x − 2 < 5 − x

20. Resolver: 24 − 2x − x2 < x
√ √
4
21. Resolver: 1−x≤ x+5
√ √
22. Resolver: 3x + 7 − x − 2 > 9
√ √
x+1+ x−2
23. Resolver: √ √ ≥0
9 − x2 − x
p √ √
24. Resolver: 2 − x + 3 < x + 4

Ejercicios Propuestos
√ √
1. Resolver: 3x + 7 − x−2>3
√ √
2. Resolver: x+5+ x<5

3. Resolver: x2 − x − 2 < 5 − x
√ √
4. Resolver: x − 9 4 x + 118 ≥ x

5. Resolver: x + 2 < 3 x3 + 8
√ √
6. Resolver: x−4− 8−x≥1
√ √
7. Resolver: x2 − 1 < x+1

8. Resolver: 2x − 9 ≤ 3 − x
1.3. INECUACIONES IRRACIONALES 11
√ √
9. Resolver: 3x + 7 − x − 2 > 9

(x − 4) x2 − 2x + 2
10. Resolver: ≤0
x2 + 2

11. Resolver: x2 − 2x − 15 ≥ x + 1
√ √
12. Resolver: 3x − 6 > − 4x − 12
√ √
13. Resolver: 5x − 3 − x − 1 > 0
p√ √
3
x−4− x
14. Resolver: ≥0
x−1
√ √
x−1+ x−2
15. Resolver: √ √ ≥0
9 − x2 − x
√ √ √
16. Resolver: x−3+ 6−x< x+1
√ √ √
17. Resolver: x−1+ x−3> x+1
p√ p √
x−3+ 6− x
18. Resolver: p√ ≤1
x+1
p √ √
19. Resolver: 4− 1−x− 2−x>0

20. Resolver: x2 − 14x + 13 ≥ x − 3

x2 + 3x + 4
21. Resolver: √ √ ≥0
21 + x2 − 4
√ √ √
22. Resolver: 2 − x ≤ 2 − 4x + 6 − 9x
√ √
( 4 625 − x2 )( 3 x2 − 4)(x + 4)8 (x2 − 1)2
23. Resolver: ≤0
x3 − 2x2 − x + 2
1 √
24. Resolver: √ > x+1
x−1
r r
x+6 x+2
25. Resolver: <
x x−1

26. Resolver: x2 − 14x − 13 < x + 1
√ √
( x2 − 4)( 3 x + 4)
27. Resolver: √5
<0
x2 − 4x + 3
s√
x+4+2
28. Resolver: √ ≤x−4
2− x+4

29. Resolver:
a
30. Resolver:

b
31. Resolver:
12 CAPÍTULO 1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS REALES

32. Resolver:
a
33. Resolver:

b
34. Resolver:

35. Resolver:

36. Resolver:

37. Resolver:

38. Resolver:

39. Resolver:

40. Resolver:

41. Resolver:

42. Resolver:

43. Resolver:

44. Resolver:

45. Resolver:

46. Resolver:

47. Resolver:

48. Resolver:

49. Resolver:

50. Resolver:

51. Resolver:

52. Resolver:

53. Resolver:

54. Resolver:

55. Resolver:

56. Resolver:

57. Resolver:

58. Resolver:
1.3. INECUACIONES IRRACIONALES 13

59. Resolver:

60. Resolver:

61. Resolver:

62. Resolver:

63. Resolver:

64. Resolver:

65. Resolver:

66. Resolver:

67. Resolver:

68. Resolver:

69. Resolver:

70. Resolver:

71. Resolver:

72. Resolver:

73. Resolver:

74. Resolver:

75. Resolver:

76. Resolver:

77. Resolver:

78. Resolver:

79. Resolver:

80. Resolver:

81. Resolver:

82. Resolver:

83. Resolver:

84. Resolver:

85. Resolver:
14 CAPÍTULO 1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS REALES

86. Resolver:

87. Resolver:

88. Resolver:

89. Resolver:

90. Resolver:

91. Resolver:

92. Resolver:

93. Resolver:

94. Resolver:

1.4. Inecuaciones logaritmicas


Ejemplos:

1. Resolver: log2 (2x + 4) > log2 (5x + 3)

2. Resolver: log(1/3) (2x + 5) < −2

3. Resolver: log2 (|x − 2| − 1) > 1


 
x + 15
4. Resolver: logx >1
x−1
5. Resolver: log2 (3x + 2) − log2 (1 − 2x) > 2

6. Resolver: log(1/5) (2x2 − 3x + 5) > log(1/5) (x2 + 2x + 1)


 
x+3
7. Resolver: logx >1
x−1
Ejercicios Propuestos

1. Resolver: log(1/2) |2x − 3| > −3


√ 
2. Resolver: log2 x − 3 x + 1 + 3 < 1
 2 
|x + 4x| + 3
3. Resolver: log7 ≥0
x2 + |x − 5|
 
4x − 11
4. Resolver: log2 ≤ −1
2x2 − 4x − 6
 
|2x − 3|
5. Resolver: log >1
x+1
1.4. INECUACIONES LOGARITMICAS 15

6. Resolver: log(x−4) (3 − x) < 2

7. Resolver: log(1/3) (2x + 6) < −2


 
x+3
8. Resolver: logx >1
x−1
9. Resolver: log2 |3 − 4x| > 3

10. Resolver: log3 |3 − 4x| > 2


 
x − 2
11. Resolver: log6 + 35 > 2
x − 5
24 − 2x − x2
 
12. Resolver: log 25−x2
  >1
16 14
 
4x − 5
13. Resolver: logx ≥ −1
|x − 2|
√ 
14. Resolver: log6 x − 3 x + 1 + 3 < 1

15. Resolver: log5 (3x − 5) > log5 (7x − 2)

16. Resolver: log(1/3) (x2 − 4x + 3) ≥ −1

17. Resolver: log2 (|x − 2| − 1) > 1


 
3 − 2x
18. Resolver: log √ x−1
  ≥0
x 1−x
19. Resolver: logx2 (x + 2) < 1

20. Resolver: log(1/2) (x2 − 4) > log(1/2) (4x − 7)

21. Resolver: log2 (x2 ) + log2 (x4 ) > 3

22. Resolver: log(1/3) (8 − 2x) ≥ 3

23.

24.

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