STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS:

When the reactive forces or internal resisting forces over a cross-

section exceeds the number of independent equations of equilibrium,
the structure is called statically indeterminate. These cases requires
the use of additional relations that depends on the elastic deformation
in the members.
Equations of Equilibrium:
σ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
σ 𝐹𝑦 = 0ቑ 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
σ𝑀 = 0
Illustrative Problem:
A timber column 8′′ 𝑥8′′ in cross-section is reinforced on each side by a
steel plate 8′′ wide and 𝑡 inches thick. Determine the thickness 𝑡 so that
the column will support an axial load of 300 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 without exceeding a
maximum timber stress 𝜎𝑇 = 1200 𝑝𝑠𝑖 or a maximum steel stress 𝜎𝑆 = 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖.
Use 𝐸 = 1.5𝑥106 𝑙𝑏Τ𝑖𝑛2 for timber and 𝐸 = 29𝑥106 𝑙𝑏Τ𝑖𝑛2 for steel.
Illustrative Problem:

The composite bar in the figure is firmly attached to an unyielding

supports. A horizontal load 𝑃 = 50 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 is applied as shown. Determine;
a) the stress in the aluminum bar
b) the stress in the steel bar
Illustrative Problem:

A rigid beam with negligible weight is pinned at one end and attached to
two vertical rods as shown in the figure. The beam was initially
horizontal before the load 𝑊 = 50 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 was applied. Determine the vertical
movement of 𝑊.
Illustrative Problem:
The rigid platform in the figure has negligible mass and rests on two
steel bars each 250 mm long. The center bar is aluminum and 249.90 mm
long. Determine the stress in the aluminum bar after the center load P
has been applied. For each steel bars, the area is 1200 𝑚𝑚2 and 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎
for the aluminum bar, the area is 2400 𝑚𝑚2 and 𝐸 = 70 𝐺𝑃𝑎
Illustrative Problem:

An aluminum rod of length 300 mm, cross-sectional area 1250 𝑚𝑚2 and
𝐸 = 70𝐺𝑃𝑎 has been placed inside a steel tube of the same length, cross-
sectional area 700 𝑚𝑚2 and 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎 as shown in the figure. Determine
the deformation of the aluminum rod and steel tube when the 𝑃 = 50 𝐾𝑁 force was
applied.