Experimental Report 6

STUDY ON TYPICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF DIODES AND

TRANSITORS
Verification of the instructors
Class: CTTT – Vật Liệu K64
Group: 01
Name: Đào Lương Duy Anh
Student’s code: 20196278

I. EXPERIMETAL MOTIVATION

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the direct current (DC)

transfer characteristics of the n-p-n transistor, and to determine the current gain
of the transistor.

II. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Circuit diagram for investigation of diode’s characteristics:

1.

Diode and Transistor Voltage Graph

Graph Voltage-Amplifier of Diode I = f(V)

2. Explanations of Graph of I-V Characterization

When a p-n junction is connected to an external circuit, the potential difference

Vp −Vn=∆ V across the junction is veried, the current I will vary. However, in
striking contrast to the symmetrical behavior of resistors that obey Ohm’s law
(giving a straight line on an I-V graph), a p-n junction conducts much more
readily in the direction from p to n than the reverse. If the voltage is too low, no
current flows through the diode. If the voltage is reversed, no current flows
through the diode. In this case, the current-voltage relationship of this device
follows:
eV
−
kT
I =Io (e −1)
3. The dependence of output current on the input one of bipolar Transistor

Circuit diagram for investigation of transistor’s characteristics

Graph showing the “collector” current (Ic) versus the “base”

current (Ib)

4. Comments

The graph is a linear function so the dependence the input current and the output
current of a Bipolar Transistor.
When there is no current in the left loop of the circuit, there is only a very small
current through the resistor R because the voltage across the base-col1ector
junction is in the reverse direction. But when a forward bias is applied between
emitter and base, most of the holes traveling from emitter to base and
continuing travel through the base (which is typically both narrow and lightly
doped) to the second junction, where they come under the influence of the
collector-to-base potential difference and flow on through the collector to give
an increased current to the resistor. In this way the current in the collector
circuit is controlled by the current in the emitter circuit. In this configuration the
base is the common element between the ''input'' and "output" sides of the
circuit. Another widely used arrangement is the common emitter circuit. In this
circuit the current in the collector side of the circuit is much larger than that in
the base side, and the result is current amplification, that is, a small change in
the base voltage due to an input signal causes a large change in the collector
current and therefore a large voltage drop across the output resistor, R.