THE SENTENCE’S ELEMENT

Subject + Verb + Object

 Subjects
A subject is always a noun, a subject is the doer

- Different types of Noun

o Noun : table, book
o Noun phrase : the (article) beautiful (adj) girl (noun)
o Pronoun : I,you,he,she,it,they,we
o Noun clause : What she did yesterday was brave
o Gerund : Swimming is my favorite hobby
o To + infinitive : To continue my study abroad is my dream

 Verbs
A verbs is used to show what the subject is doing

- The different types of verbs

o Verb base : tell, use, go, to be
o V1 (present tense) : tells, uses, goes, is/am/are
o V2 : told, used, went, was/were
o V3 : told, used, gone, has/have been
o Ving : telling, using, going, (to be) being

 When should we use “to be”?

- To be, and seem should be used in a sentence before ANA (Adjective, Noun, and
Adverb), and Present Participle
- Example of ANA :
o The scholarship application is hard (adjectivea0
o That lady is a pilot (noun)
o The application letter is on the desk (adverb)
- Example of Present Participle :
o Her favorite activity is swimming

 Object
An object is the “thing” owned/affected by the subject and verb, a sentence does not
have to always have an object

- Verbs needing Object (transitive verbs)

Example : # This box contains books
# I need you to guide me
 - Verbs not needing Object (Intransitive Verbs)
Example : # We sleep late
# The train has arrived
- Verbs that can either use objects or not
Example : # We won
# We won the games

 English Pronouns
- Subject : I, You, They, We, He, She, It
- Object : Me, You, Us, Them, Him, Her, It
- Possessive Adjective : My, Your, Our, Their, His, Her, Its
- Possessive Pronouns : Mine, Yours, Ours, Theirs, His, Hers, Its
Example : You will give them your books soon. It will be theirs.

 Modals
- All models should be followed by V1
- Models include : can/could,shall/should,will/would,may/might,must,have/has to
Example : I may come soon.