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Ete WuAalsenoven 9 Mavrouir td oe a tren a Gn Faavdsbindrdslunouti funrsWeruia 9 a ua ihunstomssenhaganiisiaene masendnamibisavansl uaz naw AMGautnat lunsdivdutiesiiuly Dhtuoaduvosmumay Hdast duvwaomniy dala sett WsrowhFqqnaltsmuorme fu douduntortuiuertuogity Hunks 3 #2 AaldetuVudoty aoudu fo srfadouountoads P, saningsuoamvormids , uazeh nimdovorenveimeiy g, Sanoudl vevondradarin’ Maavesrwoinia uasmsiarinie Andntoumonnudls sin3mde youn mimiudauentinswd moornrmiuuingu wo Fundy & nth wiodountimvornrmnaagiut Widudasiouodrels anes uiilsiumatiouiionty few Wewvermmunulelanrein dsoiropic) Safiqamuvaunduoonlanh 9 fe aavitmuommuuniaisteta 4 tu Tan dludtumangyiinnty noire SouvuniisA¥idumvommnasgm fo awermraTtainatinrwerand dha wave dipole) MuormAmuuutl ume oinetiernsnad aa layas 9 filleendratanis inning aweinia vormvoinit unisdaaisne oimetfiae Ta uazenuainmnasgyu thenuvornndunwusavesnawing wlioviftuutu auuadrfusniaaly euormiefissdadinaiidaiucne- pimavunawingiidssniiou sary prunevordqarutialdionty wnbotaduiad sounermuernin aiyoon unel¥mwornmnasg natu muormmiuumy uassadinzwiss vostqqnatitalésnnfanis 19 wiloutai@erty dow shitialAfian daukamadaemrAsalaniefaos wadnéWleie aanFrindd (gain) v0.9 mooimeiidomatuios Jumal{ia shvthavvosme ornrnfivudontudumiroingiva Gecibel) H30 AD (ap) dhelwAsirte seamvoimed ata Sauassinnunfiou- touiumoormmnasgnuuntely- mola haRiouldeudumioe wadiuaudresiiunt A810 (aBi wie decibel over isotropic) Tunrsulaioush wihgwormeoine fo ¢, wo e, Satuavaov 4 tumirvia Ade fo 9, aBiy v30 6, (aBi) hu WW mumsaad G, (Bi) = 10 tog,, 8, = 10 log. 8, Jog,, #0 aomrfiugru 10 tu tos vans hdahunouttourty moaimmnnasgnanuvlalnaiisn ai wrandu hAleidlowidouthanive taStuaudr sefoa% ADA cand wie decibel over dipole) Anum uTUt aewhada uaz Aille dad , (ABd) = G, (dBi) ~ 2.15 G, (dBd) = G, (dBi) - 2.15 unity satay 2.15 waive Tuan Mamowruwi fo hw irdawos 4 4 muoinmuuylalwahsnnueranay nSuutousuevornrauuyloly- nsomiuos fidedoundulyndatosnis shun rmusavosdqanalih fou vhintowuSnafantis daMofuiw dod) ienansoruaransslaonys arhdadail wooonuwuadisty muoimeiuunedadumvoiniemnt fina (high gain antenna) Ala Dyn Sang drarsae SIF ladoerAfiqauns vanvauiiga daniuamwmsciidy asemevoain Tnlseme'lng infossu-dvtng FoensAfogarumiavarynrsaaa 4 agvoammns A1399 unenaiFoutitrds Hanafi une"hiowifianidads adn uonerne:'oonmvudadtraiiiaay filma! vofaniudsedolnifaya daniowddosiinaums Smlsems vile dnhgainwundosdamadage fit shshurnnnnenaon namedmnes woginsafdauilsenouvosrsashlt Huntosdairdaqandntudenitam una dloveindosmansenumudo nacumunerind ih addigal® dude dloithusudeostuanfersarmachy thyihdevesmuoime Seitnaniio fiumavismhéevesuntosds waemn inaansarfiuhndavormwoine daunsewornrniulangoutu wai VWiseiiudundga Arodreiu Tu seuudomsszunmfisléintoadssade 1 Tag une rnvormetunuuinan unsfundusouty fiimuuahqosms In ussvosFanaAngiines Fuhiududn 100 wh irene Taunrsiflurtidadevosingoadsain 1 Ga iu 100 Fade Suitziva ifloutunslindordarhida 1 dae wiida wdiudanamaavoamy oimeds womuomatudstada viiaituadaea 100 wh fe 20 #4 worfuewimdavoamwoine diaaoadandomin Maz 10h v0 10 Ai Al vanmisnImaaveraemeA rhodna'ls? apafarsannaoalwa unity shfudosahamhsooud susinoa naoalrloonsnarntanilal ugaqaeins ainuuamed uas'ivlnaaoe lay nszvwoonsoutia uasdavaha hl Wilnain daSouitov'tétuenw oimauuutolsnsen Fanaesiw aduldniviusouiia wiomuoine wv! hip) Higomms uray ornrauwadvod waiulgogiu injovinydomsunviloso (handy- talkyy Ho maa lindudn ty Tnlimiranoud udaitaaiagga adramaoa'bl acifiulehuasanansa dalUtélnalufiadransiaa Tavorte ® msaeiouiersarnfalansdaitu jl mantunensvewasinn huvirues ory gis nurlulaneatounths ng lthandamvomnan araanso anawinqurlvonsinmwoimele Mundin snFniia Hessi nruisuvosnaudng laf lavorie toudidutuaiud osumaillgioudyn aramuasbieindy lavttindvAngaesl pnuniannnlufiatitaudnsod inn inldufnnrsitamosodiasaniy fe Hamsarvoundu Agiduae dou du) uagmrssqunau (Maud) wa #lunaiunraduvosnd hs finmaidoamraveannduiduntym mooimafiinorndaganeurion Wh Wranmals 2 odwinady sauiu Guities bigndoautedai tdunin) Ae muoimauuuTri-gaz (Vagi-Uda antenna) fish sfunau a ree aod, pli s (a) meermanuutal Wivunawing@oesinuilotio (vy) meewmeuvy infegae Inoimifahhiuos nomi Agwavioundu (reflector) yuan oiiouirinaztioundudaurnahnns Girectory. Qhnnowaud findvanil thindnmsdw 9 Jumantihdevermeoinn Tums nquijnasunsrevinw yaeroorna marina (high gain antenna) wuiezds wrnaiuFouunsmosordunoufiainos wifdudoathinid daunisrithingyl amoitusasuildins Muazithnlss- Jumfundannins daAosoriansnaaes chtedae delailivossiouaciiy mauiuoutermosmutugdassn uazariufianmathe uddandniuas thamdouuasinamaluaianh Suton 9 vd oy dg dn AMWIVoIuMENUAAL ING aalandiaMlunoudwidrh nisdomamalnanrainlalaverto msnsemenawingoons inmost awingil Aims dumumsnguijla oud min wdiniaad Games Clerk Maxwell) 1uil a.rt. 1864 uaz'landya radwingifonaunimdn'lyy doit amd ananaumavuars quer fo 300,000,000 tasdatwnit dew tui) n.e. 1887 34 Bonet Heinrich Herz) ‘Wrmananaunefigni lt wiudedutngilsty udaontully fioafimnduadufortunminy wae mansvaiunawing idiot hats Suannaudieiegihy Soufaevnanundiledomay Amy volanvhanuginsivairh “nw (wave Musiou daothendusigsndual Aud adudoa adunsia uty auuAdustloutoufuashvhah iit Xouttunsenufarioesioliiingn aduvesiinszmvoonTnvsouihe aanaudauandluglit 4 faunadgn ndunazventsvon hlisoe 9 ua diviuHoaudnazitenduaainiy dakurindvs dim andouiniens Gumavesnainiuthumaitumeves naavuaiiantia Sune fanafinhfinsenton Guna seth iidawusifhuaouadin pit « nauhuhitiannmsloutowiin ashi aounosdensdnfonszidosaouns udvantin demningnamerauas aeddnuuesthunduanert (ine wave) saudashipld 5 gaqaqavosnauin Gund voandu uavgadrqavosnay tarfuns soon qnnaduudazgnee umasdenisniaowuaymamunn su 1 seunot Iupli 5 ms nl@uuulasern a ay E fio ABCDE ssumugnnady 1 gn uaseziules arusouned msendavimtudafay Gusoulud wondugntmaidelld shindn bi Slush igansiands novdanagganautehubshiy duu gnndufidaugataganiisiitimua Cu asda ltitiinld) dothai madun Arar uineiitoaningnnduuiasgn wanutamadaouuloanranrenm vosfiaiinyy 1 s0uned datuar darmnutasuausouvoamsulaau- unlasHeiunft (cycles per second 490 dad cp) Fludogiuilaionh a. de quit 6 advngnazowoonarnmworma as Bane (nerte) Wiodot He umw itu maliitesturilsix Bane dnanos nuntangiinues veisiaan'd a fis) 1,000 sat v0 10° sat ont 1 Alasae oudesy 1 wee 1,000,000 fisad vio 10° Bane Gun 411 ainei@iad Gowdody 1 Mee; 1,000,000,000 (anv we 10° sn fonda 1 finei@sny Auudod 1 Getz dlofindufiady isienansnia seusvnasewhywoanduvesnauud aegnl® shiialaaiundna wend ndy ern Aduiiioutondudy- Snustunudriesnurninuaudr » mndouvoanrweranautontamuiths was szesnanfinaulstlumaiaums useorms 1 nnawaAdual im Guntiaw (period) uazfiomtowumy Sromémumindangy T thoi htt wisinrsofurudhsduseleh- wiunauhuh udfmansaoylauld® astundwing ddiqiionauscifia ulavedosiiundariaiin Iunzéives adubainiufiasinnrsluudoutin naenufiaiy udlunsdivosnawing thufinsrnmstndoutivoanssuelylih Jumuorna Saveiianawingnsewe pon'ilsou 4 moorme ausaalugy a 6 dsténvuentondssunaut fintwah floufles wumosnedndunew 4 vousasbiniuanudintudsenta anumnnouagdhaay 9 voanawing findrathstu fo Ww Wi QW Guumunsmerradu Wi ¢ Mumununriad ae f Muuimuaniwa T Wowununw c= M Wo f =< wie xv adel 4, sod 1 smmuvasady irae ; Galera 100 winsssnd T => twit SS aur 100 x 108 = 107° Iwi 10 wilyAuA G wiltwi = 107? tules- Aw = 10 Seen rt shachsti 2 Wimemunein ri ae wasn’ 5 waite e N= aaa s Sel na 5 x 10° 60 WAS eal : frocen 3 exinnmuheny Rela 2 fila AdarwraAas 10 WAT = oxo? 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