Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

10 Zest for Progress

Z P eal of artnership

Science Grade 10
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Behavior of Gases

Name of Learner: ______________________

Grade & Section: ______________________
Name of School: _______________________
 Module
1 Behavior of Gases

What I Need to Know

Playing Mobile Legend is enjoyable if you know the rules and mechanics
of the game. It would be boring if you are not familiar with it. The same way
that you are not interested in a particular lesson/topic if you have not
understood anything about it.
This module is written for you to have a better understanding on the
properties and behavior of gases by investigating the relationships between
volume, temperature, and pressure using established gas laws.
The following competencies are given for you to be guided while you are
studying on this module:

 Investigate the relationship between

1. volume and pressure at constant temperature of gas;
2. volume and temperature at constant pressure of gas.

Going through this module will give you a chance to get to know and
appreciate gases just as you appreciate the other phases of matter – solids
and liquids.
This module can give you meaningful and fun learning experiences. The
key is to use your time and resources efficiently.

What’s In
Activity 1: Remember Me
Crossword Puzzle. Read the clues and fill the crossword puzzle below with
your answers.
Down:
1. the amount of a gas that is expressed in moles or grams
2. the amount of space occupied by the gases
3. the SI unit of pressure
4. the mass of a gas is _________
5. the average effect of the forces of the colliding molecules which can be
measured in atm, torr, psi, cmHg or mmHg
 3. Across:
1.
6. gas has no definite
_____ and size
7. phase of matter that
4. can be compressed
easily
6.
8. absolute temperature
7. scale of a gas
5.
9. the most common unit
of volume
2.
10. the measure of the
8. hotness or coldness of an
object
9.

10.

What’s New
Activity 2: Boyle’s Law

Objective:
 Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at
constant temperature.

Materials Needed:
 25 mL syringe  candle or glue gun
 glue stick  5” x 3” illustration board
 set of weights  6” x 4” x 0.25” wood
 ruler  match (if you opted to use candle)

Procedure:
1. Pull the syringe’s plunger to fill it with air. See to it that the reading is
at approximately 25.0 mL.
2. Seal the syringe’s opening with the melted glue stick.
3. Make a hole that is close to the size of the opening of the syringe in a
6” x 4” flat wood. Screw the flat wood on a stable object. In an upright
position, insert the sealed part of the syringe in the hole of the wood;
be sure it is sturdy.
 4. Paste a 5” x 3” illustration board at the end of the syringe’s plunger.
This will serve as the weights’ holder. You have just made a Boyle’s Law
Apparatus.
5. Place a 200-g weight on the holder and get the volume reading.
6. Place one at a time different weights on the syringe’s plunger.
If you do not have set of weights, you may use books of the same kind.
Don’t forget to get the mass of each book.
7. Record the mass of the volume reading using Table 5.

Table 5. Observation on Volume Changes

Trial Volume (cm3) Mass (g) Pressure (N/m2)
Initial Reading
1
2
3
4
5

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Note: 𝑷 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
Force = mass (kg) x acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) r2 =
surface area of the syringe

Q1. What happens to the volume of the syringe as the set of weights is
added on top of it?

Q2. What happens to the pressure on the syringe when the set of weights
is added?

8. Plot a graph with the pressure at the y-axis and volume at the x-axis.
 Q3. Describe the graph.

Q4. At a constant temperature, what is the relationship between volume

and pressure of gases?

Activity 3: Charles’ Law

Objective:
 Investigate the relationship between volume and temperature at
constant pressure.

Materials Needed:
 rubber balloon  thermometer
 tap water  alcohol lamp
 hot water  tape measure
 ice  beakers

Procedure:
1. Prepare three beakers (one for ice water, one for tap water, and another
one for hot water).
2. Inflate the balloon.
3. Measure the circumference of the balloon using a tape measure.
4. Get the temperature reading of the hot water.
5. Put the balloon in hot water for two (2) minutes, then measure its
circumference.
6. Do three trials and get the average of the results.
7. Repeat procedures 3 to 6 using tap water.
8. Repeat procedures 3 to 6. This time use ice water.
9. Record the results in the Table 7.

Table 7. Data on Determining the Size of the Balloon at Different Temperatures

Average Average Circumference of the Balloon

Set-up Temperature (cm)
(°C) Before After difference
Warm water
Tap water
Ice water
 Q1. As the temperature decreases, what happens to the size of the
balloon?

Q2. How does the change in the temperature relate to the volume of gas
in the balloon?

What is it
Boyle’s Law
The English Chemist, Robert Boyle (1627-1691), was the first to
investigate the relationship between the pressure of a gas and its volume. It
was during the 16th century when he performed an experiment using an
improved version of the air pump where he trapped a fixed amount of air in
the J-tube, changed the pressure, controlled the temperature and observed
its effect to the volume of the air that is trapped inside the tube. He noticed
that the volume decreases as its pressure increases. From his observation,
Boyle concluded that pressure is inversely related to volume such that when
the pressure is doubled, the volume of the gas is decreased to half its original
value. This is now known as Boyle’s Law that describes how the pressure of
a gas tends to decrease as the volume of the container increases. It helps us
understand how gases behave under pressure.
Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas at a
constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure.
Mathematically, this law can be expressed as:

𝑃
𝑉
1 where P = pressure 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑉 V =
volume
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑘 k = constant

This equation is read as: the product of pressure P and volume V is

constant.
Applying to Boyle’s Law, when temperature of a gas is held constant,
pressure and volume can be varied. Let P1 and V1 be the initial pressure and
volume of a gas, respectively. When P1 is multiplied by V1, it is equal to a
constant k.

P1V1 = k

Let P2 be the final pressure and V2 the final volume of the gas. The final
volume and pressure will also be equal to the same constant k.
 P2V2 = k

Hence, the relationship of the initial and final products of the volume and
pressure of a gas may be written as

P1V1 = k = P2V2
Therefore,
P1V1 = P2V2

You can now solve problems applying Boyle’s Law!

Let’s try to solve this problem.

Example 1: The inflated balloon that slipped from the hand of Jess has
a volume of 500 mL at sea level (1.0 atm) and it reached a height of
approximately 10 km where the pressure is approximately 0.33 atm. Assume
that the temperature is constant, compute for the final volume of the balloon.

Steps to solve the problem:

1. Identify the given information Given:

and determine what is asked V1 = 500 mL
in the problem. (Do not include P1 = 1.0 atm
the known quantity/ies that is/are
P2 = 0.33 atm
not important. In this problem, it is
the height which is equal to 10 km.) V2 = ? (unknown quantity)

2. Write the equation. P1V1 = P2V2

𝑃1𝑉1
3. Derive the equation to solve for
𝑉2 =
the unknown quantity.
𝑃2
1.0 𝑎𝑡𝑚 500 𝑚𝐿
𝑉2 =
0.33 𝑎𝑡𝑚
4. Substitute the known
500
quantities into the equation, 𝑚𝐿
cancel the same units, copy 𝑉2 =
the remaining unit, and 0.
calculate.
𝑉 2 = 1,515.15 𝑚𝐿

5. Think about the result whether
it makes sense or not.
We know that pressure is inversely
proportional to volume, meaning,
when one decreases, the other
increases. Pressure has decreased
from 1.0 atm to 0.33 atm, so
volume must increase. As you can
see, volume became 1,515.15 mL
from 500 mL, which means it
increases. Therefore, the result
makes sense based on Boyle’s law.

Example 2: A scuba diver Given:

needs a diving tank in order to V1 = 6.00 L
provide breathing gas while he is P1 = 1.01 atm
underwater. How much V2 = 3.00 L
pressure is needed for 6.00 L of P2 = ?
gas at 1.01 atmospheric
pressure to compressed in a Solution:
3.00-L cylinder? 𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
𝑃1 𝑉1
𝑃2 =
𝑉2
1.01 𝑎𝑡𝑚 6.00 𝐿
𝑃2 =
3.00 𝐿
6.06 𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃2 =
3.00
𝑃2 = 2.02 𝑎𝑡𝑚

Charles’ Law
French physicist and balloonist Jacques Charles (1746-1823) was the
first to observed the relationship between volume and temperature. From his
experiments on balloons, he was able to observe that an increase in
temperature of a gas would result to an increase in its volume provided that
the pressure is kept constant. Similarly, volume of a gas decreases when its
temperature decreases. Based on his observation, Charles concluded that
there is a direct relation between the volume and temperature of a gas when
its pressure remains unchanged. Direct proportionality/relationship means
that the two related properties increase or decrease together.
Charles’ Law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed
amount of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin (K) temperature.
Temperature must be expressed in Kelvin because it is the basic unit
for measuring temperature in the International System (SI). It denotes the
absolute temperature scale where 0 K or absolute zero is defined as the
temperature when molecules will have their lowest energy. Mathematically,
Charles’ Law can be expressed as:
 𝑉 𝑇
𝑉 𝑘𝑇 where V = volume
𝑉 T = temperature
𝑘
𝑇 k = constant

Since Charles’ Law explains what happens to volume when temperature

is changed while keeping the pressure constant, we can express this law into
this equation:
𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2
where 𝑉1 and 𝑇1 are the initial volume and temperature and 𝑉2 and 𝑇2 are the
final volume and temperature.
Always remember to express temperature in Kelvin scale in solving gas
law problems. To convert temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin, just add
273.15 K. Example: T = 20 ℃ = 20 + 273.15 = 293.15 K
Let’s apply Charles’ Law in solving problems related to volumetemperature
relationship in gases.

Example: A cylinder with a movable piston contains 250 mL air at 10℃.

If the pressure is held constant, at what temperature would you expect the
volume to be 150 mL?

Given: Solution:
𝑇1 = 10℃ = 283.15 𝐾 𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑉1 = 250 𝑚𝐿 𝑇1 𝑇2

𝑉𝑇22 = 150 𝑚𝐿 𝑉2𝑇1

=? 𝑇2 =
𝑉1

𝑇2 =
250 𝑚𝐿
42,472.15 𝐾
𝑇2 =

𝑇 2 = 169.89 𝐾
 What’s More
Activity 4: Find Me
Word Problems. Read, analyze and solve the following
problems. Show your solutions (5 points for each problem – 2
points for the given quantities and 3 points for the solution)

1. A sample of oxygen gas has a volume 750 mL at 740 mmHg. If the

pressure is changed to 800 mmHg, what is the new volume, assuming
that the temperature remains the same?
Given: Solution:
𝑉1 = __________ 𝑃1
= __________ 𝑃2 =
__________
𝑉2 = __________

2. A sample of neon gas at 760 torr has a volume of 10.0 L and a

temperature at 35℃. Solve for the new volume of the gas after the
temperature has been changed to 80℃ provided that the pressure is
held constant.
Given: Solution:
𝑉1 = __________
𝑇1 = __________
𝑇2 = __________
𝑉2 = __________
 What I Have Learned
Activity 5: Complete Me
Summary. Let’s summarize what you’ve learned from the lesson by
completing the statements below. Choose the correct word inside the
parenthesis. Write your answer before the letter.

1. A tank (not rigid) contains 2.4 L of helium gas at 25℃. What will be the
volume of the tank after heating it and its content to 41℃ temperature
at constant pressure?
_______________ a. This is an application of (Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law).
_______________ b. The unknown quantity in the problem is the (volume,
temperature, pressure) of the gas.
_______________ c. The formula needed to solve the problem is
( 𝑃1𝑉1 = 𝑃2𝑉2, 𝑉𝑇11 = 𝑉𝑇22 ).

_______________ d. The temperature of the gas (decreases, increases).

_______________ e. The volume of the gas (decreases, increases).

2. A sample of fluorine gas occupies a volume of 510 mL at 760 torr. If the

temperature remains the same, calculate the pressure required to
reduce its volume to 170 mL.
_______________ a. This is an application of (Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law).
_______________ b. The missing quantity in the problem is the (volume,
temperature, pressure) of the gas.
_______________ c. The formula needed to solve the problem is 𝑉1
𝑉2
( 𝑃1𝑉1 = 𝑃2𝑉2, 𝑇1 = 𝑇2 ).
_______________ d. The volume of the gas (decreases, increases).
_______________ e. The pressure of the gas (decreases, increases).

What I Can Do 20

Activity 6: Use Me
Real-life Application. Give an application of Boyle’s Law and Charles’
Law that you use every day. Illustrate this application on the space provided
below and write a short description on how these laws are used in your
everyday life.

Boyle’s Law (10 points) Description:

 Illustration:

Charles’ Law (10 points) Description:

Illustration:
 Assessment
Set A
Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully.
Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___ 1. What will happen to the volume of a gas when its temperature
decreases?
A. decreases C. remains the same
B. increases D. unpredictable
___ 2. What pressure must be applied to a 200 mL gas at 1.2 atm to reduce
its volume to 120 mL?
A. 0.72 atm C. 0.72 mL
B. 2 mL D. 2 atm
___ 3. Which of the following is the mathematical expression of Boyle’s Law?
A. 𝑉𝑇11 = 𝑉𝑇22 C. 𝑇1 = 𝑉1𝑉2𝑇2

B. 𝑃1𝑉1 = 𝑃2𝑉2 D. 𝑉1𝑇1 = 𝑉2𝑇2 ___ 4. Boyle’s Law

describes how a gas behaves under __________.
A. pressure at constant T C. temperature at constant P
B. pressure at constant V D. temperature at constant V
___ 5. If the temperature of a gas is held constant, lowering the pressure would
make the volume __________.
A. decreases C. remains the same
B. increases D. unpredictable
𝑉1 𝑉2

___ 6. From the equation = , which of the following is the formula for final
𝑇1 𝑇2
volume?
A. 𝑉2 = 𝑉1𝑇2𝑇1 C. 𝑉2 = 𝑉1𝑇1𝑇2

B. 𝑉2 = 𝑇1𝑉1𝑇2 D. 𝑉2 = 𝑉1𝑇1𝑇2

___ 7. Charles’ Law explains that at constant pressure, volume and

temperature __________.
A. are inversely proportional from each other
B. are directly proportional to each other
C. have the same value
D.has no relation at all
___ 8. A gas measures 350 mL at a temperature of 30℃. What temperature is
needed to make the volume reduced to 150 mL?
A. 707 K C. 130 K
B. 13 K D. 70 K
___ 9. At constant temperature, doubling the volume of a gas makes its
pressure __________.
A. doubled C. remains the same
 B. halved D. unpredictable
___ 10. If the temperature of a gas is tripled while keeping the pressure
constant, what happens to its volume?
A. tripled C. remains the same
B. reduced to 1/3 D. unpredictable

Assessment
Set B
Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on
the space provided before the number.

___ 1. If the temperature of a gas is held constant, lowering the pressure would
make the volume __________.
A. decreases C. remains the same
B. increases D. unpredictable
___ 2. From the equation 𝑉1 = 𝑉2, which of the following is the formula for final
𝑇1 𝑇2
volume?
A. 𝑉2 = 𝑉1𝑇2𝑇1 C. 𝑉2 = 𝑉1𝑇1𝑇2

B. 𝑉2 = 𝑇1𝑉1𝑇2 D. 𝑉2 = 𝑉1𝑇1𝑇2

___ 3. Charles’ Law explains that at constant pressure, volume and

temperature __________.
A. are inversely proportional from each other
B. are directly proportional to each other
C. have the same value
D.has no relation at all
___ 4. A gas measures 350 mL at a temperature of 30℃. What temperature is
needed to make the volume reduced to 150 mL?
A. 707 K C. 130 K
B. 13 K D. 70 K
___ 5. At constant temperature, doubling the volume of a gas makes its
pressure __________.
A. doubled C. remains the same
B. halved D. unpredictable
___ 6. If the temperature of a gas is tripled while keeping the pressure
constant, what happens to its volume?
A. tripled C. remains the same
B. reduced to 1/3 D. unpredictable
___ 7. What will happen to the volume of a gas when its temperature
decreases?
A. decreases C. remains the same
 B. increases D. unpredictable
___ 8. What pressure must be applied to a 200 mL gas at 1.2 atm to reduce
its volume to 120 mL?
A. 0.72 atm C. 0.72 mL
B. 2 mL D. 2 atm
___ 9. Which of the following is the mathematical expression of Boyle’s Law?
A. 𝑉𝑇11 = 𝑉𝑇22 C. 𝑇1 = 𝑉1𝑉2𝑇2

B. 𝑃1𝑉1 = 𝑃2𝑉2 D. 𝑉1𝑇1 = 𝑉2𝑇2

___ 10. Boyle’s Law describes how a gas behaves under __________.
A. pressure at constant T C. temperature at constant P
B. pressure at constant V D. temperature at constant V
Answer Key- Gr10Q4W1 Science