Mathematics Formula Sheet

I. Algebra
−b  b 2 − 4ac
x= ( ab )
n
= a nbn
2a
n
a an
( a  b)   = n
2
= a  2ab + b
2 2

b b
a 2 − b 2 = ( a + b )( a − b ) log a xy = log a x + log a y
x
a m  a n = a m+n log a = log a x − log a y
y
a m  a n = a m−n loga xm = m log a x

(a )m n
= a mn

II. Geometry
Pythagorean Theorem c 2 = a 2 + b 2 Right prism volume = area of base × height
d= ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) volume =  r 2 h
2 2
Right circular cylinder
Sum of interior angles of an n − gon = ( n − 2 ) 180 area of lateral face = 2 rh
1
Area of a triangle =  base  height Right pyramid volume = area of base height
2
1 2
Area of a parallelogram = base  height Right circular cone volume = r h
3
1
Area of rhombus or a kite =  products of diagonals area of lateral face =  rl
2
4 3
Area of a trapezium Sphere volume = r
3
1
=  (upper base + lower base)  height Surface area= 4 r 2
2
opposite
Circumference of a circle = 2 r sin  =
hypotenuse
adjacent
Area of a circle = 𝜋𝑟 2 cos  =
hypotenuse
 opposite
Arc length =  2 r tan  =
360 adjacent

Area of a sector =  r2
360

III. Set Theory

Number of subsets = 2 n
n ( A  B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) − n ( A  B )
n ( A  B  C ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) − n ( A  B ) − n ( A  C ) − n ( B  C ) + n ( A  B  C )
n ( A ) ' = n ( ) − n ( A )

IV. Statistics
x1 + x2 + ..... + xn f1 x1 + f 2 x2 + ..... + f n xn
Average x= x=
n f1 + f 2 + ...... f n