1.

Question # 1:
The formula for the average of grouped data is:
n

∑ f i Xi
X = i=1
n
297
Average=X = =1.98
150

Cell Mid- Frequency Cumulative Computations

Boundaries Point Frequency
Xi fi fm fiXi fiXi
2
f i ( X i−X )3 f i ( X i−X )4
0.1-0.5 0.3 3 3 0.9 0.27 -14.2248 23.8978
0.6-1.0 0.8 15 18 12 9.6 -24.6454 29.0816
1.1-1.5 1.3 34 52 44.2 57.46 -10.69 7.2696
1.6-2.0 1.8 29 81 52.2 93.96 -0.1691 0.0304
2.1-2.5 2.3 30 111 69 158.7 0.9830 0.3145
2.6-3.0 2.8 22 133 61.6 172.48 12.13 9.9466
3.1-3.5 3.3 15 148 49.5 163.35 34.4995 45.5393
3.6-4.0 3.8 2 150 7.6 28.88 12.0571 21.9439
150 297 684.7 9.9403 138.0237

2. Median:

( )
n
−cfm
2
Md=L m+ i
fm

( )
150
−52
2
Md=1.6+ × 0.5=1.99
29

3. Modal cell of data:

The mode (Mo) of a set of numbers is the value that occurs with the greatest frequency.
When data are grouped into a frequency distribution, the midpoint of the cell with the highest
frequency is the mode, because this point represents the highest point (greatest frequency) of
the histogram.
The cell with boundaries 1.1-1.5 with frequency value of 34 represents the modal cell on the
given data.
 4. Standard Deviation:
The formula for the standard deviation of grouped data is:

√ ( )
h h 2

n ∑ ( f i X 2i )− ∑ f i Xi
i=1 i=1
s=
n ( n−1 )

√
2
( 150 ×684.7 ) −( 297 )
s= =0.80
150× ( 150−1 )

5. Skewness:
Skewness is a lack of symmetry of the data. The formula is given by:
h

∑ f i ( X i −X )3 /n
a 3= i=1
s3
9.9403/150
a 3= 3
=0.1294
0.80

6. Kurtosis:
Kurtosis is the peakedness of the data. The formula is given by:
h

∑ f i ( X i−X )4 /n
a 4= i=1 4
s
138.0237/150
a 4= 4
=2.2464
0.80

7. Coefficient of Variation:
Coefficient of variation is a measure of how much variation exists in relation to the mean.
The formula is given by:
s (100 %)
CV =
X
0.80 ×(100 %)
CV = =40.40 %
1.98

8. Analysis:
From the data that is calculated above, it can be said that the data is not normally distributed.
9. Question # 2:
Machine Working Hours Millimeters of Target      
x y x 2
y2
xy
30 1.1 900 1.21 33
31 1.21 961 1.4641 37.51
32 1 1024 1 32
33 1.21 1089 1.4641 39.93
34 1.25 1156 1.5625 42.5
35 1.23 1225 1.5129 43.05
36 1.24 1296 1.5376 44.64
37 1.28 1369 1.6384 47.36
38 1.3 1444 1.69 49.4
39 1.3 1521 1.69 50.7
40 1.38 1600 1.9044 55.2
41 1.35 1681 1.8225 55.35
42 1.38 1764 1.9044 57.96
43 1.38 1849 1.9044 59.34
44 1.4 1936 1.96 61.6
45 1.42 2025 2.0164 63.9
46 1.45 2116 2.1025 66.7
47 1.45 2209 2.1025 68.15
48 1.5 2304 2.25 72
49 1.58 2401 2.4964 77.42
790 26.41 31870 35.233 1058

Scatter Chart
1.6646 10.8
9.8
8.8
7.8
6.8
Axis Title

5.8
4.8
3.8
2.8
1.8
0.8
25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Axis Title
 In order to fit a straight line to the data mathematically, we need to determine its slope, m ,
and its intercept with the y axis, a . These formulas are given by:

m=
∑ xy−[ (∑ x )(∑ y ) /n ]
∑ x 2−[ ( ∑ x ) /n ]
2

1058− [ ( 790 )( 26.41 ) / 20 ]

m= =0.0222
31870−[ ( 790 )2 /20 ]

a=∑
y
n(∑ xn )
−m

−0.0222 (
20 )
26.41 790
a= =0.4436
20
y=a+mx
At 55 hours:
y=0.4436+ ( 0.0222 ) (55 )=1.6646

coefficient of correlation: