Research Synopsis

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BODY SENSOR NETWORK

By

Mumtaz Hussain
Registration # MPCS-013R15P-22

MS Computer Science (City –Fall- 2015)

Supervisor
Dr.Mazhar Hussain

Department Of Computer Science

Institute of Southern Punjab Multan

 Synopsis Proposal Report (TPR) (Format)
Day Month Year
Date
3 0 - 01 - 2 0 1 7

Registration #: MPCS-013R15P-22 Name: Mumtaz Hussain

Session / Batch: 2015-2017 Class: MSCS(3rd semester)

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BODY SENSOR NETWORK

1. Proposed Research Area :

Wireless body sensor network (WBSN) technologies are considered one

of attracting research areas in computer science now days. Wireless body sensor networks (BSNs) possess
enormous potential for changing people’s daily lives. Body sensor network (BSN) is a collection of
wearable (programmable) sensor nodes communicating with a local personal device. The sensor nodes have
computation,storage, and wireless transmission capabilities, a limited energy source (i.e., battery), and
different sensing capabilities depending on the physical transducer(s) they are equipped with. Common
physiological sensing dimensions include body motion, skin temperature, heart rate, skin conductivity, and
brain activity. The local personal device is typically a smartphone or a PC, and allows for real-time
monitoring, as well as long-term remote storage and off-line analysis.

2. Identify Research Questions:

In body sensor network many sensor are used and requird lot of eneregy to
monitor the patient. An important goal in designing BSNs is to minimize power consumption while
preserving an acceptable quality of service. Patients will be expected to charge the sensors or replace the
batteries on a regular basis, as they do with cell phones and other electronics. However, the frequent need to
charge and the bulk of the battery can frustrate the users, causing them to no longer wear the sensors.
Furthermore, batteries are the heaviest component in the system.

3. Brief Discussions:

Wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs) are a subset of wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) that allow continuous monitoring of health data for a given patient. WBSNs collect and analyze
vital signs data by deploying different types of biomedical sensors (e.g., body temperature, heartbeat, blood
pressure, ECG, EEG, etc.). WBSNs are generally used for inhome monitoring, or for surveilling elderly in
nursing homes, avoiding unnecessary hospitalization, thus, reducing the general healthcare costs. Patient
monitoring involves periodic transmission of routine vital signs and alerting signals when vital signs cross a
certain threshold. We assume a network of biosensors placed on or implanted in the body of patients. The
biosensors send the sensed data to the coordinator, located on or near the body. The coordinator is assigned
the aggregation, the fusion, and the forwarding of the collected data and its decisions to the sink node. The
latter sends the received data to the healthcare center or any other destination.

The proposed wireless body area sensor network for health monitoring integrated into a broader multitier
telemedicine system is illustrated in Figure 1. The telemedical system spans a network comprised of
individual health monitoring systems that connect through the Internet to a medical server tier that resides at
the top of this hierarchy. The top tier, centered on a medical server, is optimized to service hundreds or
thousands of individual users, and encompasses a complex network of interconnected services, medical
personnel, and healthcare professionals. Each user wears a number of sensor nodes that are strategically
placed on her body. The primary functions of these sensor nodes are to unobtrusively sample vital signs and
transfer the relevant data to a personal server through wireless personal network implemented using ZigBee
(802.15.4) or Bluetooth (802.15.1). The personal server, implemented on a personal digital assistant (PDA),
cell phone, or home personal computer, sets up and controls the WBAN, provides graphical or audio
interface to the user, and transfers the information about health status to the medical server through the
Internet or mobile telephone networks (e.g.,GPRS, 3G). The medical server keeps electronic medical records
of registered users and provides various services to the users, medical personnel, and informal caregivers. It
is the responsibility of the medical server to authenticate users, accept health monitoring session uploads,
format and insert this session data into corresponding medical records, analyze the data patterns, recognize
serious health anomalies in order to contact emergency care givers, and forward new instructions to the
users, such as physician prescribed exercises. The patient’s physician can access the data from his/her office
via the Internet and examine it to ensure the patient is within expected health metrics (heart rate, blood
pressure, activity), ensure that the patient is responding to a given treatment or that a patient has been
performing the given exercises. A server agent may inspect the uploaded data and create an alert in the case
of a potential medical condition. The large amount of data collected through these services can also be
utilized for knowledge discovery through data mining. Integration of the collected data into research
databases and quantitative analysis of conditions and patterns could prove invaluable to researchers trying to
link symptoms and diagnoses with historical changes in health status, physiological data, or other parameters
(e.g., gender, age, weight). In a similar way this infrastructure could significantly contribute to monitoring
and studying of drug therapy effects. The second tier is the personal server that interfaces WBAN sensor
nodes, provides the graphical user interface, and communicates with services at the top tier. The personal
server is typically 310 System Architecture of WBAN for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring implemented on a
PDA or a cell phone, but alternatively can run on a home personal computer. This is particularly convenient
for in-home monitoring of elderly patients. The personal server interfaces the WBAN nodes through a
network coordinator (nc) that implements ZigBee or Bluetooth connectivity. To communicate to the medical
server, the personal server employs mobile telephone networks (2G, GPRS, 3G) or WLANs to reach an
Internet access point.

Figure 1 Health Monitoring System Network Architecture

The interface to the WBAN includes the network configuration and management. The network configuration
encompasses the following tasks: sensor node registration (type and number of sensors),initialization (e.g.
specify sampling frequency and mode of operation), customization (e.g., run userspecific calibration or user-
specific signal processing procedure upload), and setup of a secure communication (key exchange). Once
the WBAN network is configured, the personal server manages the network, taking care of channel sharing,
time synchronization, data retrieval and processing, and fusion of the data. Based on synergy of information
from multiple medical sensors the PS application should determine the user’s state and his or her health
status and provide feedback through a userfriendly and intuitive graphical or audio user interface.

4. Scope of the Thesis:

Wireless body sensor network (WBSN) technologies are considered one of

attracting research areas in computer science. When combined with the healthcare application, it provides
high value technology of comprehensive healthcare monitoring solution in extreme situations including high
altitude or disaster area enabling the ground controller to monitor remote pilots or earthquake victims in real
time by combination of wireless sensors and sensor networks. Body area sensors can enable novel
applications in and beyond healthcare, but research must address obstacles such as size, cost, compatibility,
and perceived value before networks that use such sensors can become widespread.

5.Litrature Review:
Most body-sensor networks use IEEE 802.15.4, probably due to its
popularity with ad hoc wireless sensor networks. Leopold et al. studied Bluetooth as a candidate for ad hoc
wireless sensor networks. In these studies, PDAs and mobile phones may collect data from the sensor
networks. However, they do not play as extensive a role in management and computation as they do in our
platform. As a result, sensor nodes in these studies must still run TinyOS instead of leveraging the resources
on a mobile device to simplify their design. Liszka et al. used an internet-capable Palm Tung- sten to collect
ECG data through Bluetooth. However,as in the studies mentioned above, the mobile device does not play
any role more complicated than simply collecting data. Similar industrial e®orts to use mobile devices for
health monitoring have also been reported. Nevertheless, we believe that our platform is among the ¯rst to
extend the role of a mobile device and to include a wrist-worn interface.

6.Materials and Methodology:

The main goal of the proposed MAC Protocol is to reduce

power consumption from sources like idle listening, overhearing and collision. The closest existing MAC
Protocol to the one presented is IEEE 802.15.4 , however it had 3 differences which were not well suited to
this specific application.
1) Data reliability isn’t handled in the MAC layer.
2) Multiple communication modes increase the complexity of implementation. Hence, this new scheme is
easily implemented in hardware.
3) Time-slotting is limited (16 slots in a super frame) and must all be equally spaced Before describing the
MAC Protocol, assumptions about wireless body area networks are outlined.
A. Attributes of Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks
In specifying this MAC Protocol, the following attributes can be inferred about the wireless body area
sensor network.
1) All wireless sensor nodes are attached to the body.
2) The data being monitored is of low frequency
3) The network does not need to respond immediately to changes (can be inferred from 2).
4) Sensors monitor a range of vital signs which are typically at a low data rate kB e.g., Temperature,
pressure or heart-rate reading. However some higher data rate applications must also be catered for, such as
streaming of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.
5) The nodes are miniature, battery powered and need to run ideally for days from very low capacity
batteries such as flexible printed battery technologies or miniature coin cells.
6) Sensor nodes are resource constrained, i.e., they have low processing power and limited memory.
7) Data from the wireless sensor nodes is forwarded to a central master node for processing; this central
node is significantly less resource and power constrained relative to the wireless sensor nodes.
These listed attributes are the main influences leading to the specific MAC Protocol implementation
described in this paper. These attributes also differentiate the particular application from more generic
wireless sensor network protocols, and other protocols which have been deployed in biomedical applications
such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4.

Fig. 2. Proposed MAC Protocol Network topology .

7-Thesis Chapter’s Outline (Tentative)

Identify the tentative chapter headings and provide brief discussion of chapter content.

Chapter No Description

1 Introduction( contains the motivational

topics, why we need to work on it,

description of the task & thesis

formulation)

2 Literature Survey ( contains a summary

of previously works on energy efficiency

in cloud computing and environmental

sustainability)

3 Background (contains a brief description

of the methods and their features)

4 Proposed Segmentation Model (

 contains the description of the word sense

disambiguation model with pin-point

details)

5 Experiment and results ( discusses the

implementation of the model and results)

6 Summary ( Concludes the research and

directs the futures research)

7 References ( referential Citation &

acknowledgements)

8.Thesis Schedule

No. Deliverable Expected Date

1 Synopsis Report 2-1-2017

2 Review of literature and Data set

development

3 Development & analysis of Model

4 Thesis writing

9. Benefits of Study:

Body sensor networks (BSNs) have shown the potential to deliver promising security applications.
Representing a fast-growing convergence of technologies in medical instrumentation, wireless
communications, and network security, these types of networks are composed of small sensors placed on
various body locations. Among the numerous advantages, this BSN approach permits round-the-clock
measurement and recording of various medical data, which are beneficial compared to less frequent visits to
hospitals for checkup. Not only there is convenience for an individual, but also more data can be collected to
subsequently aid reliable diagnoses. In other words, a BSN helps bridge the spatio-temporal limitations in
pervasive medical monitoring .

10.Preliminary Bibliography

[1]. Omeni, Okundu, et al. "Energy efficient medium access protocol for wireless medical body area sensor
networks." IEEE Transactions on biomedical circuits and systems 2.4 (2008): 251-259.

[2]- Habib, Carol, et al. "Self-adaptive data collection and fusion for health monitoring based on body sensor
networks." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 12.6 (2016): 2342-2352.

[3]- Otto, Chris, et al. "System architecture of a wireless body area sensor network for ubiquitous health
monitoring." Journal of mobile multimedia 1.4 (2006): 307-326.

[4]- Hyun, WooSeok, et al. "A Wireless Body Sensor Network and Its Applications: Rehearsal with a
Smartphone." Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS), 2016 10th International
Conference on. IEEE, 2016.

Supervisor’s Consent
I Prof. /Dr. /Mr. /Ms. ________________________________________________ am agreed that this proposalis
complete in all mentioned aspects and ready for defense.

E-Mail Address: _____________________________

Contact No: _________________________________

Last Date of Synopsis Submission: December 24, 2016