64 25 — GRAMMAR Reported speech She said that she was leaving. and past perfect {had started What is reported speech? Direct speech is the exact words that someone says. We can put he/she said before or after these words. We use speech marks to show the words they said. ‘Tim leaving at six, she said. He said, ‘Ok, I'll see you here tomorrow? Indirect or reported speech is when someone tells us what another person said. We can put he/she said that before the reported words. We can leave out that. We do not use speech marks, She said (that) she was leaving at six. She said she was leaving at six. Tense changes When we use a past tense reporting verb (eg said) we change the tenses that follow. © Present simple to past simple “Tim wants some coffee’ _He said (that) Tim wanted some coffe “Tim is late? Hee said (that) Tim was late. © Present continuous to past continuous ‘T'm washing my hair? She said (that) she was washing her hair. Note the change of pronoun from my to her. © Present perfect to past perfect ‘Helen has lost her wallet? —_ He said (that) Helen had lost her wallet. © will to would TTI belate? She said (that) she would be late. © Past simple to past perfect ‘Kate took my keys’ He said (that) Kate had taken his keys. © Words that describe people, time and place may also change in reported speech. ll see you here tomorrow,’ he said. He said he would see her there the following day. Past perfect Forming the past perfect: [Jad + past participle Had = (I started, held started etc.) Thad started hhe had started we had started you had started shehad started they had started it had startedGRAMMAR 25 REPORTED SPEECH AND PAST PERFECT 1 Change each sentence to direct speech. eeuvaueene 10 She said that she was leaving at six. _..../Unw. raving at six... He said Peter often went fishing. She said she would be back later. I said that I had just seen Mark. Alan said that they had left at 6.00 Helen said that she was working. Helen said. 1 said that we were late. I said, He said he would phone back. he said. David said that he felt all right, David said. She said she loved ice-cream. she said. 2 Change each sentence to reported speech. ‘Tm leaving? she said, She said (that ‘Isaw the film on Monday; Tom said. ‘Tom said .. ‘Tve missed the bus} Maria said. Maria said essseee “We live in Marsden Street} they said. ‘They said ‘Tll phone at 6.00; Anna said. ‘Anna said ‘Im having a good time’ said Carol, Carol said “We're arriving at 9,00; they sai They said... ‘L forgot to do my work} said Al. Al said .. ‘Tm wrong; he said. He said ‘Tve hurt my arm; said Harry. Harry said 65