BASIC PARAMETERS FOR PUMP SELECTION

A. System details
1. Capacity
2. Suction Pressure
3. Discharge Pressure
4. NPSH available

B. Liquid Details
1. Type of liquid / nature
2. Specific gravity
3. Temperature
4. Viscosity
5. Vapor pressure
6. Suspended particles
7. Solid size
8. pH value
Pumps Classification
 CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

1. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
2. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

CLASSIFICATION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS :

1. BASED ON SHAFT AXIS / MOUNTING
HORIZONTAL / VERTICAL

2.BASED ON AXIS OF CASING SPLIT:

HORIZONTAL AXIAL SPLIT / VERTICAL RADIAL SPLIT

3. BASED ON TYPE OF IMPELLER

RADIAL FLOW / MIXED FLOW / FRANCIS FLOW / AXIAL FLOW
4. BASED ON NUMBER OF STAGES
SINGLE / DOUBLE / MULTISTAGE

5. BASED ON LIQUID HANDLED / APPLICATION

WATER PUMPS / PROCESS PUMPS

6. BASED ON NATURE OF LIQUID PUMPED

SOLID HANDLING (NON CLOG) / CLEAR LIQUID PUMPS

7. BASED ON NATURE OF COUPLING

CLOSE COUPLED(MONO BLOCK) / COUPLED PUMPS
1.HORIZONTAL END SUCTION PUMPS:

2.HORIZONTAL END SUCTION PROCESS PUMPS:

3.HORIZONTAL AXIAL SPLIT CASING PUMPS

4.VERTICAL SUMP PUMPS

5.MIXED FLOW PUMPS

6.SOLID HANDLING (NON CLOG) PUMPS

7. MULTI STAGE PUMPS

8. VERTICAL TURBINE PUMPS

9. SUBMERSIBLE SEWAGE PUMPS

10. SPECIAL PURPOSE PUMPS

- CANNED MOTORS PUMPS
- INLINE MULTISTAGE PUMPS)
- INLINE PUMPS (ILS SERIES)
- CONCRETE VOLUTE PUMPS
- SLURRY PUMPS
PUMP WITH SUCTION LIFT
PUMP WITH SUCTION HEAD
 Characteristic curve

Shut off head

BEP

End of the curve

NPSH

Kw
SYSTEM HEAD CURVE

Frictional Losses

Static Head
 SYSTEM HEAD CURVE

DUTY POINT

Q
 Characteristic curve

Q Min. BEP

Q Max.

NPSH

Kw
 AXAIL THRUST

P2 P2

P axial
P1
 MINIMUM SAFE FLOW

MECHANICAL EFFECTS
• RADIAL & AXIAL THRUSTS INCREASE
• SHAFT DEFLECTION MORE

VIBRATIONS
• WEAR AT RUNNING
CLEARANCE MORE
• HIGH THRUST ON BEARING

BEARING LIFE REDUCED

 MINIMUM SAFE FLOW

THERMAL EFFECTS
• TEMP. RISE
• VAPOUR PRESSURE RISES
• NPSH (A) REDUCES
PUMP CAVITATES

• LOCAL FLASHING OF LIQUID

• LIQUID EVAPORATES
• PUMP VAPOUR BOUND

PRIMING IS LOST

• DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL EXPANSION OF PARTS

• SEIZURE OF PARTS
FACTORS AFFECTING PUMP PERFORMANCE

• SPECIFIC GRAVITY

• ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

• TEMPERATURE

• VISCOSITY

• NPSH
 System Head

Head in Enq.

h1

Q1
 System Head

h1

Actual head

h2

Q1 Q2
 System Head

h1

Actual head

h2

b
a

Q1 Q2
 NPSH (NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD)

• NPSH (A) : AVAILABLE IS A FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM

= (Hatm  Ps)  Hsl - hvp - hfs

• NPSH (R) : NPSH REQUIRED IS THE FUNCTION OF PUMP

DESIGN

FOR SATISFACTORY PUMP OPERATION

NPSH (A) > NPSH (R)
RELATION BETWEEN PUMP LOCATION & AVAILABLE NPSH
VALUES
NPSH CALCULATIONS
NPSH CALCULATIONS
 NPSH (A) WILL BE REDUCED IF :

• ALTITUDE ABOVE MEAN SEA-LEVEL INCREASES

• SUCTION LIFT INCREASES

• LIQUID VELOCITY AT PUMP INLET INCREASES

• TEMP. INCREASES.
 Cavitation

• What is Cavitation
It is the process when vapors
in the liquids explodes in the
pump when enters into high
pressure zone.
 METHODS OF REDUCING CAVITATION

• INCREASE SIZE OF SUCTION PIPE

ELIMINATE BENDS
REDUCE LENGTH OF SUCTION PIPE
• USE SPECIAL MATERIALS TO REDUCE PITTING OF PARTS
• KEEP TEMP. OF LIQUID AS LOW AS POSSIBLE
• REDUCE PUMP SPEED
• ACCURATELY ESTABLISH RANGE OF FLOW
• NPSH(A) > NPSH(R)
• INCREASE NPSH(A) WHERE POSSIBLE
• SELECT PUMP WITHIN 10% OF BEP FLOW
 CRITERIA FOR PUMP SELECTION

• THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE EFFICIENCY

• THE LOWEST POSSIBLE NPSH REQUIREMENT

• THE HIGHEST REALIABILITY

• THE WIDEST RANGE OF OPERATING CAPABILITIES

• THE LONGEST LIFE BETWEEN SCHEDULED OVERHAULS

• THE LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICE

 RESERVE POWER MARGINS

POWER ABSORBED BY RESERVE POWER MARGIN OF

PUMP IN KW THE DRIVER

3 TO 20 15% APPROX.

21 AND ABOVE 10% APPROX.

 POWER & EFFICIENCY
(EFFICIENCY = RATIO OF THE POWER DELIVERED TO THE LIQUID TO
THE POWER TAKEN FROM THE DRIVE)
DRIVER INPUT (IP) = THE POWER TO THE PRIME MOVER (KW)
PUMP INPUT (BP) = THE POWER APPLIED AT THE PUMP SHAFT (KW)
= DRIVER OUTPUT
= DRIVER INPUT . DRIVER EFF.
PUMP OUTPUT = THE POWER DELIVERED BY THE PUMP TO THE
LIQUID (KW)
= Q . H . SP.GR
102
WHERE Q = DISCHARGE IN LITRE PER SECOND
H = TOTAL HED DEVELOPED BY THE PUMP IN METRE

PUMP EFFICIENCY % = PUMP OUTPUT . 100

PUMP INPUT
OVERALL EFFICIENCY % = PUMP OUTPUT . 100
DRIVER INPUT
 FACTORS FOR MATERIAL SELECTION

• PUMPING TEMP.
• OPERATING PRESSURE

• ABRASIVENESS OF OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS

• ABRASIVENESS OF LIQUIDS

• CHEMICAL REACTION AND RESISTANCE

• ELECTRO-CHEMICAL ACTIONS

• LIFE EXPECTANCY
 CHART FOR MATERIAL SELECTION

PH VALUE PUMP MATERIAL

0-4 ----------------------------- STAINLESS STEEL

4-6 ----------------------------- ALL BRONZE
6-9 ----------------------------- STANDARD FITTED
9 - 14 ----------------------------- ALL CAST IRON
TANK FILLING

-H

P
TANK FILLING

P
TANK FILLING

H2

P
TANK FILLING BY VFD

RPM 3

RPM 2

RPM 1
Impeller arrangement

IMPELLER

Gasket

SHAFT SLEEVE Impeller Nut

GASKET
Heli.Coil
Special Constructions

SHAFT SLEEVE
Special Constructions

SHAFT SLEEVE
Special Constructions
SEALING FACE

SHAFT SLEEVE

RESTING FACE
Special Constructions

SHAFT SLEEVE

b
 Parallel operation

• As far as possible pumps of similar

characteristics to be used
• H - Q curve should be rising in nature
• Duty point should be nearer to BEP
• For Dissimilar curves at least shut off head
should be same
 PARALLER OPERATION

h1

One pump
operation

q1
 PARALLER OPERATION

2 pumps

h1

q1 2q1
 PARALLER OPERATION

h1

q1 2q1
 PARALLER OPERATION

h1

kw1

q1 2q1
 PARALLER OPERATION

h1

One pump
operation

kw1

kw2
q1 2q1
 Mechanical Seal

Arresting leakage's from two face is easier.

But when there is a relative motion between

these faces conventional methods can not
arrest it.

Here comes role of Mechanical seal

 MECHANICAL SEAL

Impeller side Atm., Side

 MECHANICAL SEAL

Casing Cover
 MECHANICAL SEAL

Seal Cover

Casing Cover
 MECHANICAL SEAL

Rotary
Face Seal Cover

Casing Cover
 MECHANICAL SEAL

Rotary
Face Seal Cover

Casing Cover Stationary Face

 MECHANICAL SEAL

O Ring Rotary
Face Seal Cover

Casing Cover Stationary Face

 MECHANICAL SEAL

Gasket

O Ring Rotary
Face Seal Cover

Casing Cover Stationary Face

MECHANICAL SEAL

Pumping Liquid
 GLAND PACKING

BASIC PURPOSE :

- TO SEAL THE PUMP CASING FROM ENTRY OF AIR FROM ATMOSPHERE

-TO PREVENT THE LEAKAGE OF PUMPED LIQUID TO ATMOSPHERE

GLAND LEAKAGE :
- REQUIRED FOR COOLING AND HEAT DISSIPATION
- ACTS AS A LUBRICANT BETWEEN SHAFT SLEEVE AND PACKING RING

GLAND LEAKAGE DEPENDS ON:

- MOC OF THE PACKING

- OPERATING CONDITION AND APPLICATION
- CONDITION OF THE EQUIPMENT
End Suction Process Pumps Type -

Range
Delivery size up to 200 mm
Capacity up to 750 m3/hr
Head up to 150 metres
Temperature
(-) 500 C to +3500 C

Applications
Chemical Process Industries, Petrochemical plants,
Nuclear,Refinery, Fertilizer plants, Paper, Power plants,
Handling corrosive acids, Alkalies, Salt solutions,
Hydrocarbons,Oils, Thermic Fluids, Liquefied gases,
Condensates
End Suction Process Pumps Type -

Features

Conforming to DIN 24256 and ISO 2858

Back pull-out design
Generally conforming to API 610
Gland packed / Mechanical Seal
Centre line mounting arrangement
Available with semi-open impeller
Interchangeability of components
Wide variety of materials of construction
50 Hz / 60 Hz availability
Horizontal Axially Split Casing Single Stage Pumps

Range
Delivery size up to 1100 mm
Capacity up to 20,000 m3/hr
Head up to 160 metres
Up to 900 C
Features
High hydraulic and overall efficiency
Good suction performance and
low NPSH
Gland packed / Mechanical seal
50 Hz / 60 Hz availability
Horizontal Axially Split Casing Single Stage Pumps

Applications

Water Supply, Irrigation,

Air-conditioning ,
Power plants, Paper,
sugar, textile mills and
Fire Fighting
FIRE FIGHTING PUMPSET