CERTIFICATE

This 1s to ce rtify that the assignment titled RESEARCH

MET HODOL OGY. s ubmi tted BY MATHEW VARGHESE to New

Del h i Ins t itu te of Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indrarpas t ha
University in partial fulfillment of requirement for the awardo f the
Bachelor ofB usiness Administration degree is an original piece ofwor k
c a rried out under my guidance and may be submitted for evaluation.
Theas s is tance rendered during the study has been duly acknowledged.
No part of this work has been submi tted for any other degree.

Place: New Delhi '-7,

Date: culty Guide:
Dr. SAAD BIN AZHAR
 A_CKNOWLEDGEMENT

•
Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is
not different. Regardless of the source, I wish to express my gratitude to
those who may have contributed to this work, even though anonymously.

First I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to NEW

DELHI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT for providing me with an
opportunity for training and encouragement in conducting the research
work.

I would like to pay my incere thanks to my project guide, Dr. SAAD

BIN AZHAR under whose guidance I was able to complete my project
successfully. I have been fortunate enough to get all the support,
encouragement and guidance from him needed to explore, think new and
initiate.

My final thank goes out to my parents, family members, teachers and

friends who encouraged me countless times to persevere through this
entire p rocess.

MATHEW VARGHESE SIG N

 CONTENTS

1. Introduc tio n on SPSS

.Sco pe of SPSS
.Features of SPSS

2. QUESTIONNAIRE
.Meaning
.Advantages
.Disadvantages
.Steps in questionnaire design

3. Practical question on SPSS

.Result of questionnaire in data vievv
.Result of questio nna ire in variable
. Calculation of Questio nnaire in
Freq uency, mean
 INTRODUCTON ON SPSS.

SPSS is a Windows based pro9 rnm t hnt can be used

to perForm data entry and analysis and to create tables
and 9raphs· SPSS is capable or handlin9 lar9e amount s or
data and can perForm all or the analyses covered in the
text and much more· SPSS is commonly used in the Social
Sciences and in the business world, so Familiarity with this
program should serve you well in the Future· SPSS is
updated oFten· rJ,is document was written around an
earlier version, but the differences should not cause any
problems· tr you want to 90 Further and learn much more
about · SPSS, I strongly ruommend flnd y Field's book (Field, 2009, Discovering statistics
usin9 SPSS)· rhose of us who have used so ft ware for years think that we know it all and
don't pay a lot of attMtion to new features· I learned a huge amount from flndy's book·
Opening SPSS Dependin9 on how the computer you are workin9 on is structured, you can
open SPSS in one of two ways· 7· If t here is an SPSS shortcut like this on the desktop,
simply put the cursor on it and double click the /e(I; mouse button· 2· Click the lefl;
mouse button on tho button on your screen, t hen put your cursor on Programs or fl/I
Pro9rams and left; click the mouse· Select
 ff I

SPSS 17·0 For W ind ows by c/ickin9 the left mouse button·
(For a while that start ed callin9 the pro9ram PflSW
Statistics 17, but they seem to have 9iven that up as
a dumb idea when everyone else calls it S PSS · the version
number may chan9e by t he time you read this-) £ither
approach will launch t he pro9ram· □Use one of these
approaches to open SPSS yourself· You will see a screen
that looks like t he ima9e on the next pa9e· the dialo9
box that appears ofFers choices of runnin9 the tutorial,
'
typin9 in data, runnin9 queries, or openin9 an existin9
data source· the window behind this is the Data £ditor
window which is used to display the data from whatever
file you are usin9· You could select any one of the options
on t he st art - up dialo9 box and click OK, or you could
sim ply hit Cancel· If you hit Cancel, you can either enter
new dat a in the blank Data £ditor or you could open an
exist in9 file usin9 the File menu bar as explained later·
Click Can cel, and we'll 9et acquainted with the layout of
SPSS·

,..

•
SCOPE OF SPSS

• Telecommunicat;ion

• Bankin9 and finance

• Healt;hcare
• Ret;ail and manu Fact;urin9
• Con sumer packa9ed 9oods
• Hi9her education
• GOV£RN/Y1£N,
• f/ND market; research

FEATURES OF SPSS

7· £asy t;o use and learn

2· /t; includes full ran9e oF dat;a mana9ement; syst;em

3 · /t; provides in-dept;h st;at;ist;ical capabilit;ies

lf· /t; offers complete plot;t;in9, re port;in9·

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•ti' ES.jDVANTAGES

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MEANING
C
fl questionnaire is a research instrument; consistin9 of a series
of questions { or other types of prompts) for the purpose of
9atherin9 in form at ion from re spondent s· 'The quest ionnaire was
invented by the statistical study of london in 78 3 8 ·

fllthou9h questionnaires are oft;en desi9ned for stal:;istical analysis

of the responses, t;his is not; always the case·

Questionnaire s have advanf;a9es over some other types of

surveys in that they are cheap, do not; require as much effort;
From the que stioner as verbal or telephone surveys, and oft;en
have standardized answers that; make it simple to compile data·
··

'
 •

1- /owev er, such standardized

answers ma'f frustrate users· Questionnaires
are also sharp/If limited b'f t he Fact that
respondents must be able to read the questions and respond to
them· Thus, For some demo9raphic 9rou ps conduct in 9 a surve'f b'f
b'f questionnaire may not be concret e·

TYPES

fl distinction can be made between questionnaires with quets ions

that measure separate variables, and questionnaires wti h
questions that are a99re9ated into either a scale or ind ex·
Que sti o nnaires with questions that measure separate variablse,
could For inst ance include questions on:

• pre Ferences ( e·9· political party)

• behaviors ( e·9· Food consumption)
• Facts ( e· 9· 9ender)
Questionnaires with questions that are a99re9ated into either a
scale or index, include For instance questions that measure:

• latent traits
• attitudes ( · towards immi9ration)
e9·
• an index (e·9· Social Economic Status)
 ;

ADVANTAGES

1. QUESTIONNAIRES ARE INEXPENSIVE

First of all, questionnaires are one of the most affordable ways
to gather quantit ative Data. Especially self-administ ered
questionnaires, where you don't have to hire surveyors to
perform face-to-face int erviews, are a cost-efficient way to
quickly collect massive amounts of information from a large
number of people in a relatively short period of time. A
questionnaire can be placed on your website or emailed to
yoljr cust om ers.

2. QUESTIONNAIRES ARE PRACTICAL

Apart from being inexpensive, questionnaires are also a
practical way to gather data. They can be targeted to groups of
your choosing and managed in various Wi'!YS- They offer a way
to gathe·r vast amounts of data on any subject. They can be
used in a wide variety of ways. SURVEYS ARE PREPARED. They
were able to spread their quizzes, pol ls, and questionnaires

For example, KBC Group LEARNED JUST HOW PRACTICAL during

a three -day event. This made collecting real-time feedback
almost effortlessly.

'
:

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, , 1,
 3. QUESTIONNNAI8ES OFFER A GOOD
RESULI
It's quick and easy to collect results with online and mobile
tools. This means that you can gain insights in as little as 24
hours (or less!), depending on the scale and reach of your
questionnaire. You don't need to wait for another company to
deliver the answers you need

4. SCALABILITY
Quest io nnaires and surveys allow you to gather information
from a large audience. Online, you can literall y distribute
your questions to anyone, anywhere in the world (provided
they have an internet connection). This means that for a
relatively low cost, you can target a city or a country.
Geography no longer stands in the way of market research
either, thanks to the internet. But be aware of cultural
differences between people and countries when conducting
worldwide research.

5. COMPARABILITY
When data has been quantified, it can be used to compare
and contrast research other and may be used to measure
change. This makes monthly or yearly questionnaire more and
more valuable over time.
 DISADVANTAGES

1. DISHONEST ANSWERS
WHILE there ar.e many positives to questionnaires,
Respondents may not be 100% trut hful with their answers. This
can happen for a variety of reasons, includingsocial
desirability bias and attempting to protect privacy. Stop
dishonesty in its tracks by assuring respondents that their
privacy is valued and that the process prevents personalidenti
fication.

2. UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
W he n using questionnaires,thereis a chancethat some
questions willbe ignored OR left unanswered. If questions are
not required, thereisalwaysthat risk theywon't
beanswered. Online questionnairesoffer a simple solution to
thisissue: make answering the question required.

3.DIFFERENCES IN UNDERSTANDING AND

INTERP8 ETATION
The trouble with not presenting questi ons to users fac-e to -face is that each may have different interpretationsof your questions. Without someone
 4.HARD TO CONVEY FEELINGS
AND EM OTION
A survey or questionnaire cannot fully capture emotional
responses OR feelings of respondents. Without administering
the questionnaire face-t o-face, there Is no way to observe facial
expression, reactions or body language. Without these
subtlet i es, useful data can go unnoticed.

5.SOME OUESTIONES ARE DIFFICULT TO

ANALYZE '

Quest ion nair es produ ce a lot of data. Multiple choice questions

can be t abulat ed and graphed, but open-ended questions are
different. Too many open-ended questions can produce a flood
of data, that can take forever to analyze. Fix this pitfall but (
choosing your question types carefully. If you have ten

questions, you probably don't want more than one to be 'I

open-ended since these have no way to be quantified.
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+Descriptives

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Minimum Maximum I Mean Is1d.De ation
25 19.00 86.00 39.800 18.29617
R esponden!'s age
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