CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation titled “BRAIN COMPUTER

INTERFACE IN NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS” is a bonafide research work

carried out by Ms AISHWARYA SWAMINATHAN U.S No. NU17UPY006 under

the guidance of Prof. Dr. PURUSOTHAM CHIPPALA of NITTE INSTITUTE

OF PHYSIOTHERAPY.

The same is being submitted to the NITTE (Deemed to be University)

in Partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BACHELOR

OF PHYSIOTHERAPY.

Name and Signature of Guide

Name & Signature of Head of the Institution

DECLARATION
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I, Ms AISHWARYA SWAMINATHAN & US NO. NU17UPY006 hereby
declare that the project work entitled “BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

IN NEUROLOCIAL CONDITIONS” is my original work and has been carried out

under the guidance of PROF. Dr.PURUSOTHAM CHIPPALA, NITTE INSTITUTE OF

PHYSIOTHERAPY is being Submitted to the NITTE (Deemed to be University) in

partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BACHELOR OF

PHYSIOTHERAPY.
I also hereby declare that this work in part or full has not been submitted to any

other University/Institution for any Degree/Diploma.

I hereby declare that Nitte (Deemed to be University) Mangalore, Karnataka shall

have all the copyrights to preserve, use and disseminate this project in print or

electronic format for academic/research purpose.

Date of Submission signature of candidate

AISHWARYA SWAMINATHAN

US NO: NU17UPY006

Name & Signature of guide

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly I express my gratitude to God who has guided me so far and to who goes all
the honour and glory for the successful completion of the project.

ii
I express my sincere gratitude to my parents Mrs.Indira and Mr Swaminathan for
their constant support and motivation.

I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to my guide Dr.Purusotham Chippala,

Professor,NitteInstituteofPhysiotherapyisguidance,support,motivation,encouragemen
t throughout the project work without whom this project would have been incomplete.

I extend my sincere gratitude to our Principal, Prof.Dr.Dhanesh Kumar K.U, Nitte

institute of Physiotherapy for his valuable guidance throughout the project.

I would like to heartily thank my class co-ordinator Ms.Shellete D Almeida,

Assistant Professor and project co-ordinator Dr.Rashmita A P, Lecturer for their
guidance and support.

I would like to express my gratitude to all the faculty members of Nitte institute of
Physiotherapy for the support they have provided me in carrying out my work.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to our librarian Mrs. Kalavati Naik and our
library attender Mrs. Veena U Rao for their support and assistance during the study.

At last I would like thank the friends of mine who have supported me and motivated
me to complete the project.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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  BCI – BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
 EEG- ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
 ECOG- ELECTROCORTICOGRAPH
 MEG- MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAM
 CNS- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
 FES- FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION.
 SMR- SENSORI MOTOR RHYTM
 ROM- RANGE OF MOTION
 EMG- ELECTROMYOGRAM
 ERD- EVENT RELATED DESYNCHRONIZATION.
 SSQ- STIMULATOR SICKNESS QUESTIONNAIRE
 VR- VIRTUAL REALITY
 UPRDS- UNIFIED PARKINSON’S DISEASE RATING SCALE
 DBS- DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
 VEP- VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS
 SCP- SLOW CORTICAL POTENTIALS
 PCA- PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
 CSP-COMMON SPATIALPATTERN
 ICA- INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS
 LDA- LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSES
 SVM- SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
 CNP- CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN

LIST OF FIGURES

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FIG NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1 BCI DEVICE 2

SURGICAL METHOD AND 5

2
PLACEMENT OF ELECTRODES.

3 AREAS REPRESENTING 21

PLACEMENT OF ELECTRODES

4 PROCEDURE 22

5 TYPES OF BCI 23

6 STEPS OF WORKING OF BCI 24

7 RESULTAND FEEDBACK OF BCI 25

ABSTRACT
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BACKGROUND: Brain computer interface (BCI) is a method which is used to

control the activities of brain with the use of computers and devices such as

bluetooth and the activity is recorded by placement of electrodes over the scalp

region. The BCI technique began in 1970s at Los Angeles. BCI is used for

application in conditions such as Parkinson’s, stroke etc. The technique replicates

game like activities which provides motivation for the patient to perform the activities .

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to know the benefits of BCI in patients

with stroke, Parkinson’s and other neurological conditions and also controlling the

external devices.

METHODOLOGY: 16 articles are included in this review which is documented from

database such as frontier, journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation.

DISCUSSION: 16 articles which are included in the review suggest that the users

with neurological conditions who underwent BCI training sessions have shown

significant improvement. The same has been found by using some of the outcome

measures.

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CONCLUSION: This study provides a review on the effects of brain computer

interface (BCI) in neurological conditions where people have difficulty to move due to

any nervous system disorders and its challenges, limitations, its method of working

and is positive results with a good success rate which is concluded by the evidences

which were scanned and selected for this study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Sr no contents Page no

1 INTRODUCTION 1-5

2 APPLICATIONS OF BCI 6-7

3 NEED OF THE STUDY 8

4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9-17

5 METHODOLOGY 18-29
5.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2 METHOD OF TRAINING
5.3 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
5.4
INDICATIONS,CONTRAINDICATIONS
5.5 CHALLENGES
5.6 LIMITATIONS
6 METHODOLOGY OF REVIEW OF 30
LITERATURE
7 31
PRISMA FLOW CHART
8 32-33
DISCUSSION
9 34
SUMMARY
10 35
CONCLUSION
11 36-39
REFERENCES
12 40-41
ANNEXURE

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