1. There is a rapidly changing environment brought about by the advent of
globalization and deregulation of markets, changing customer and investor demands and ever-increasing market competition. How can HR professionals help solve these problems>? To put it simply, they must either increase efficiency or contribute to revenue growth. Human resources, both as labor and as a business function, have long been regarded as a cost to be reduced and a possible source of efficiency gain. Labor expenditures continue to be the single highest operational cost in many organizations, and layoffs remain a prominent component of attempts to restructure operations and decrease these costs. The difficulty is distinguishing between workforce reductions that are strictly cost-cutting measures and restructurings that need fewer workers but produce value because the new structures are better suited to the businesses' specific strategy. To compete, they must improve their performance by lowering costs, innovating products and processes, and increasing quality, productivity, and speed to market. Through the Special Research Forum on Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the role of human resource decisions in creating and maintaining organizational performance and competitive advantages.