EXPERIMENT NO.

OBJECT: To find the volume of the material of a hollow cylinder using vernier calipers.

APPARATUS USED: A Vernier Calipers and a hollow cylinder.

FORMULA USED: Volume of the material of hollow cylinder is given by

V = (de 2he  di 2hi )/4

Where, de = external diameter of the hollow cylinder he = external

height of the hollow cylinder di di = internal diameter of

the hollow cylinder hi = internal depth of the hollow

cylinder

OBSERVATIONS:

Value of one smallest division on the main scale (x) = 0.1cm No of total
divisions on vernier scale (N) = 10
Least Count (x/N) = 0.1/10 = 0.01 cm Zero
error:
(i) 1 × 0.01 = 0.01 cm

(ii) 2 × 0.01 = 0.02cm

(iii) 1 × 0.01 = 0.01cm

Mean Zero Error (e) = 0.01 cm

Zero Error Correction ( e) =  0.01 cm

VERNIER CALIPERS (Note: Draw fig on LHS page)

TABLE 1: MEASUREMENT OF EXTERNAL DIAMETER

 S. No. Main Scale Reading, a Vernier Scale Reading Observed
(cm) Vernier Division n × L.C. = b external diameter
Coinciding (n) (cm) =a+b
(cm)
1 4.8 3 3 × 0.01 = 0.03 4.83
2 4.8 2 …………… ……………
3 4.8 3 ………… …………..

4 4.8 2
5 4.8 4

Mean external diameter , d e’ = ….. cm

Corrected external diameter , de = d ’e (e) = …. cm

TABLE 2: MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL DIAMETER

S. No. Main Scale Reading, a Vernier Scale Reading Observed

(cm) Vernier Division n × L.C. = b internal diameter
Coinciding (n) (cm) =a+b
(cm)
1 3.7 5 5 × 0.01 = 0.05 3.75
2 3.7 4 …….. ……….

3 3.7 5
4 3.7 4
5 3.7 6

Mean internal diameter , di’ = …cm

Corrected internal diameter , di = di’ (e) = …. cm

TABLE 3: MEASUREMENT OF EXTERNAL HEIGHT

S. No. Main Scale Reading, a Vernier Scale Reading Observed

(cm) Vernier Division n × L.C. = b external height
Coinciding (n) (cm) =a+b
(cm)
1 7.3 2 2 × 0.01 = 0.02 7.32
2 7.3 1
3 7.3 1
4 7.3 3
5 7.3 2

Mean external height , h e’ = …. cm

Corrected external height , he = h ’e (e) = …. cm

TABLE 4: MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL DEPTH

S. No. Main Scale Reading, a Vernier Scale Reading Observed

(cm) Vernier Division n × L.C. = b internal depth
Coinciding (n) (cm) =a+b
(cm)
1 3.9 6 6 × 0.01 = 0.06 3.96
2 3.9 5
3 3.9 5
4 3.9 4
5 3.9 6

Mean internal depth, hi’ = …. cm

Corrected internal depth, hi = hi’ (e) = …. cm
CALCULATIONS: Show calculations on LHS page.

RESULT: The volume of the material of the hollow cylinder is found to be ….. cm 3.

PRECAUTIONS AND SOURCES OF ERRORS:

i. We should carefully examine the working of the vernier calipers before starting
experiments. If its motion is not smooth, it should be oiled.
ii. While taking observations, the eye should be kept directly over the division mark
to avoid error due to parallax.
iii. The number of vernier division coinciding with the main scale division should be
properly read.
iv. All the observations should be taken and recorded carefully.
v. The vernier scale may be loosely fitted with the movable jaw.
vi. The graduation on the scale may not be evenly marked.