) & ATOK PATOK 4CONTENTS Tips for Doing Exam-type Tasks... 4 Unit 1 Fducation... Reading Pat Vcvenun 16 Reading Part 2 Sct le Reading Part 3... 20 Reading Part 4 sevonn2 Use of Engli WRITING 27 SPEAKING 29 Bort scosamsmmomencsesn Listening Part 2c see 32 Listening Part 3... 8 2532 Listening Part4. ene BB Listening Tapescript ... sen 34 Unit 2 Environment... Reading Reading Reading Reading Use of English WRITING Part Part 2. Part 3. Part 4. SPEAKING «00... 53 Listening Listening Listening Listening Listening Part. renee 54 Part 2. Part 3. PATE A. nnn Tapescript .. Unit 3. Health & Medicine ... Reading Reading Reading Reading Use Of English. WRITING SPEAKING Listening Listening Listening Listening Listening Unit 4 Business Reading Rea Reading Reading Use Of Englis WRITING SPEAKING Listening Listening Listening Listening Listening Answer Key rt 74 75 POPE soos 7 PAPE iscsi sane 7B POPE 3 mensninnsnenninnenee TB POPE Acar son PD Tapescript ... 80 Part 1 Part 2. Part 3. Part 4... Goose iene ree Part 1.. Part 2. Part 3. Part 4. Tapescrip'Oni 1 EpUCATION READING Part 1 You are going to read an interview with a teacher about her work. Choose the best heading from A to I below for each paragraph of the interview (1-7) There is an extra heading that you do not need. The first one (0) has been done as an example. A LIFELONG PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT B SEEING IT FROMTHE PUPILS’ POINT OF VIEW C SELF DOUBT D SPEED OF CHANGE JENNY BROWN - MY LIFE AS A TEACHER always wanted to go into teaching. Both my parents were teachers, and two of my grandparents, too. It's also something I've always believed in. Some of my friends at university went into things like business and law, which undoubtedly pay a lot more than teaching, though | don't think they necessarily make you any happier. | certainly have no regrets about the path that | have chosen for myself in life. zz) Ihave to confess, though, that at first it wasn't as easy as | thought it was going to be. The teacher-training course was rather demanding, and my teaching practice in a school in the capital left me wondering if | had what it takes to be a teacher, and certainly never dreamt that | would spend the rest of my professional life in the classroom. However, | soon overcame these initial difficulties. | think that all teachers question their own ability at some point. Personally, | think this makes you stronger (a 16 E THE BASIS OF TEACHING THE DARK SIDE F G THE GREATEST SATISFACTION H THE LIFE-WORK BALANCE THE RIGHT DECISION asa teacher, as there can be no learning without reflection. Essentially, it's all a question of motivating pupils to learn. | actually believe that at the end of the day teachers can't really teach pupils, because it's up to the pupils themselves to do the learning. But what teachers can do is motivate students. Every great teacher is really a good motivator and someone who can get the best out of their pupils. In this respect, a teacher is likea football manager. za The best thing for me is when you can see that you have really made a difference. Many students who get top marks would probably get top marks anyway, but asa teacher it's a tremendous feeling when you help someone to succeed when many other people thought they were going to fail. That's really what teaching is all about.az It's notall roses, though. Discipline can be areal problem in some schools, especially in large cities, Many of the children come from less well-off families, and they might have problems at home. They are used to being seen as failures, and so have no motivation tolearn, As a result, in such circumstances, behaviour can be quite bad. I know that some teachers get quite desperate at times. ez When | first started teaching, learning was all from textbooks and the blackboard. The teacher would stand at the front of the classroom and talk, while the students would make notes or copy from the board. Of course, now we've got far more possibilities with computers, DVDs and so on. It's really great to see and I'm sure we'll be seeing some amazing things in the classroom in the near future. The problem, though is that all this costs money, and it's the job of the government to make sure that every school has access to the best resources. HREADING Part 2 You are going to read a magazine article. Education. Reading az) It's important to realise that you never stop learning in teaching. The teacher who says that they've been teaching for twenty years and know everything there is to know about the job, in reality has probably learnt very little. We can always find out more about our subject, teaching techniques, how people learn, and most importantly, about our pupils as people. We need to know what we're doing, but also why we're doing it. However, you need to stand back sometimes. | have to tell myself that I'm Not just a teacher. 'm also a mother, a wife, a daughter and a friend, and | have my own interests, too. There's no doubt that sometimes you have to shut the job out completely so that you can come back refreshed and ready to do your best in the classroom. If you're stressed out and exhausted the whole time, you're not helping your students at all. Knowing how to relax is an important part of a teacher's professional development. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for questions 8-14 The French Connection David Curtis writes about his experience of learning French at school. French had never come that easily to me had rather enjoyed our initial lessons, which involved the drawing of classroom articles and labelling them with their French names. Thad even done well in the end-of-first-year exam. But that was about as good as it got, and little did | know what the next couple of years had in store for me, Had | known, | probably would have quit there and then Onit 1Onit 1 — Education. Reading 18 It soon became clear that the first year had merely been a gentle introduction to the more serious task of getting to grips with the French tense system. The problem was that | didn't know anything about the English tense system, since no one had bothered to. tell us about this at school. The result was | was completely mystified when the teacher started talking about how to form the pluperfect and other such delights. Not understanding what it was that we were supposed to be learning, and bored out of my mind by a succession of mechanical exercises given to me by my teacher that | could answer without actually understanding, | soon became demotivated. The consequence of all this was very predictable indeed. My grades began to deteriorate and | was able to follow less and less of what was going on in class, not that my teacher cared. Everything culminated in the end-of- third-year test in which | came last in the class with a mere thirty percent. By this time, I had decided that learning foreign languages in general, and French in particular, was nothing but a complete waste of time. This wasn't helped by the fact that my French teacher had found it necessary to start sarcastically referring to me as ‘the French scholar’, which always raised a laugh ‘or two in class. And so things went on like this for another year until something happened that changed how | saw learning languages. | was a keen rugby player and the school team was to go on tour in France. To minimise costs, we stayed with the families of some of the boys we were going to play against. | was to stay with twins, neither of whom knew a word of English, but who both enjoyed going out and having a good time. The result of this intercultural exchange was that between the training sessions and matches | had to rely on my own knowledge | of French, Forced to communicate, which was something that we had never used the | language for in class, | found that | could | actually understand and make myself | understood. Naturally, | felt more at ease not, having someone who was going to deduct a mark every time | made a mistake and then | tell me what it should be. More importantly, | I could see the sense in learning a foreign language, especially when it came to trying to talk to the girls in the cafes at night. On my return to school, | found that my belief in myself had soared. It didn’t matter if | was the worst in the class. | had been able to communicate with real French people in France. A few manths later, we took our state exams. The speaking test for French was a piece of cake and | did well enough in the other parts to obtain a comfortable pass. My teacher was shocked, but nevertheless took all the credit for himself for the fact that 'the French scholar’ had passed with aEducation. Reading Ont 1 8 What does David say about his first year of learning French? A He found it quite pleasant. B He was motivated to do well in the end-of-year test, C_Itwas far too easy for him. D _ Itwas so difficult that he wanted to give up 9 What does 'this'in line 18 refer to? A English grammar B_ French grammar C _ problems in learning foreign languages D the serious tasks the students had to do 10 What does the writer say about his bad marks? A His teachers tried to help by giving him more exercises to do. B His teachers were very concerned about them C _ Itwas no surprise that he did so badly. D Nobody could understand why he was doing so badly. 11 In his third year of learning French, David felt that it had become A amusing. B_ impossible. C pointless D unnecessary. 12 David stayed with a French family A __ because it would have been too expensive to stay in a hotel. B so he could see how ordinary French people lived € to improve his own knowledge of the language. D_ tohelp the twins with their English. 13 David tells us that he felt relaxed speaking French because A he had no choice but to communicate in the language. B he was ina stress-free environment. € nobody was correcting him all the time D people wanted to help him. 14 David puts his success in the state exam down to A his own hard work B increased self-confidence. C the desire to prove his teacher wrong. D the fact the test was easier than expected. 19Unit 1 Education. Reading MI READING Part 3 20 You are gong to read a magazine article on independent language learners. Seven paragraphs have been taken out of the interview. Choose the paragraph from A-H which bests suits each gap (15-20). An example (0) has been done for you at the beginning. There is an extra paragraph that you do not need. Independent Language Learning Research shows that language learners who make the most progress are those who are prepared to take responsibility for their own learning. This is known as independent or autonomous learning, But what does this actually involve? Independent learners also keep organised vocabulary notebooks. They don't just write down new words on scraps of paper. For instance, they organise new vocabulary by topic. This means that they can easily find words they have decided to make a note of, which makes accessing and learning them easier. 15 But independent language learning isn't just about using dictionaries and keeping organised notebooks. Independent language learners are also more likely to actually use the language outside the classroom 16 Besides cinema and television, independent learners also enjoy listening to songs in the target language. But it's not just the music that they are interested in. They listen to the words, too, and try and work out their meaning. 7 Independent learning is not confined to reading and listening. This kind of learner also likes to produce language. This does not only mean inside the classroom, but outside it, too. 18 They will be perfectly at home with writing, as well. They will probably be using the language on the internet in chat rooms and writing e-mails to friends in other countries.Education. Reading Ont 1 fs There are several answers to these questions. First of all, students learning a language in a country where that language is not spoken might only have a couple of lessons a week. This, means that those who use it outside the lessons are getting more exposure and practice. ec At the end of the day, we don't actually know precisely how people learn languages, but it seems clear that if we want to improve our chances of learning one well, we should try and use it both inside and outside the classroom. A An additional reason is that their learning is more personalised because they are doing things in the language that they are actually interested in, such as listening to their favourite bands singing in the language First of all, language learners should know how to use resources like dictionaries. This is important, because it allows the learner to work on their own without a teacher. For example, if you know how to use a dictionary, you can look up words and check spellings on your own. For example, they like to watch films in the language they are learning. However, they don't just read the subtitles. They try to listen to how things are said, and might even try and follow what they are watching without looking at the subtitles at all. However, independent learners not only write dawn new words and their meanings. They also make a note of other important information connected with the word, such as its pronunciation and other words that usually go with it. They also write down examples of the word in context. All this information makes it easier for them to actually use the words they have recorded. On @B Reading in the target language is another favoured strategy. Such learners will be browsing the internet or flicking through magazines dealing with subjects that they are interested in So why is it that independent learners seem to learn more? What is it about using the language outside the classroom that makes it more memorable? There have been some spectacular results. A recent survey in Sweden concluded that children who had access to one at home scored significantly higher in English tests than those who didn't They don't worry about using the language in shops when they go abroad or if a foreign tourist stops them to ask for directions. In fact, they will eagerly grab the opportunity to practise their foreign language skills. <=zTa nN Mm 21Ont 4 22 Education. Reading Part 4 You are going to read about six people's memories of their schools. For questions 21-35, choose the appropriate parts of the text (A-F). You may use any section more than once. If you need to write more than one answer, you can put them in any order. An example has been given at the beginning (0). Which person changed their opinion about their school afterwards? o D felt sorry for the staff? 21 had no choice over what they wore? 22 studied ancient languages? 23 went to a religious school? 24 did not have much continuity in their education? 25 never saw their teacher? 26 believes their school helped them to become a better person? 27 had parents whose jobs affected their education? 28 29 Which school(s) did not have a high success rate? 30 emphasised students should assist others? 31 32 was dependent on technology 33 was physically in a poor state? 34 had good science facilities? 35 they A School days We asked six people to tell us about their schools and what they think about them now have left. When | look back on it all, I suppose I would have to say that it was very traditional. For example, we all had to wear a uniform, and it was also a single- sex school, which used to really bother me back then. The curriculum was very conservative, too. | think we were the only school in the area that did Latin and Greek, and the whole system was very exam- oriented, We were well equipped, though, with a gym, sports fields, computers and modern labs.| hated it. The place was really run down and there was loads of graffiti everywhere. The poor teachers couldn't concentrate on teaching, because they were too busy trying to keep control. All the equipment was broken, too, and we couldn't do anything like experiments. Needless to say, hardly anyone passed the school-leaving exam. It was like a factory for failure. When | think back to my school days, the first thing | would say is that my school was very progressive. There were no classical langueges or anything like that, and we could wear what we wanted. We also had mixed ability groups, which meant that the stronger students could help the weaker ones, The whole atmosphere was very laid back and relaxed and we called the teachers by their first names. | must say that I think that it made me more caring and helped me develop as an individual. | wouldn't hesitate to send my kids to the same kind of place I went to a faith school because my parents were devout Christians. We had to go to church once a week and so on. At the time, | couldn't stand it, but looking back, | see that in fact the teachers tried to teach us a lot about morality and responsibility towards others. For instance, we had to do community work, suchas helping the elderly. It was ok, really. Education. Reading We lived in the outback. We had emigrated out there and Dad had bought an enormous farm, and we were miles from the nearest settlement. Every morning at nine o'clock, we used to tune in the radio and have our lessons over the airwaves. There was no choice really. It was either that or going toa boarding school, which would have meant being separated from my parents. Admittedly, we didn't have laboratories or sports facilities, but in some ways, it was better than a normal school, because we got more individual attention, as there were only a few of us. Mum was a diplomat, so we moved around lot. | think | attended something like six different schools in all. They were all international schools and the curriculum was either in English or French, so at least the language wasn't a problem for me. | suppose the best thing was that | had the opportunity to meet people from all over the world. However, it was always hard when it came to moving on and having to adjust to a new place and people. For instance, it could be difficult to build up relationships with the teachers, | came through all right in the end, though. Onit 4 23Unit 1 Education. Use of English MUSE OF ENGLISH 24 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. 1 He tried hard, but he couldn't pass the First Certificate Exam, as Hard , he couldn't pass the First Certificate Exam, 2. Ifyoudon't study hard, you won't pass your Math test, unless You won't pass your Math test _ hard 3 |amsure she is having serious problems at school, be She - 4 Peter finds Latin easier than Greek, not Greek Latin for Peter. serious problems at school 5 Our English teacher will be angry if we don't start working immediately, down Our English teacher will be very angry if we don't work immediately. 6 Mybrother went to the Police Academy when he finished university, until My brother didn't go to the Police Academy university. 7 Someone stole my laptop while | was on holiday, had | while | was on holiday. 8 Learning about survival skills sounds incredibly interesting, learn tt about survival skills 9 You should stop interrupting me while | am giving this presentation, time It's while lam giving this presentation. 10 ‘Give me back my notes' said the student angrily, be The student - his notes.Education. Useoféngisn Unit 4 MUSE OF ENGLISH Il Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE Total Physical Response is a language teaching method (1) ____ attempts to teach language through physical activity. Already in the late 1800s, a French teacher (2)___—=——__the name of Francois Gouin was trying to devise a method of language teaching based on the way young children learn their first language. His approach became (3) as the Series Method. His method included the use of easy and simple sentences, so the language (4) used could be directly related to whatever the speaker was doing at the time. His ideas were definitely well ahead (5) his time. Some 80 years later, in the 1960s, James Asher began experimenting (6) a method he called Total Physical Response. It was (7) become particularly popular in the 70s. The theory owed a (8) to certain basic principles of language acquisition by young learners, in (9) to the ‘trace theory’ that memory is stimulated and increased (10) itis closely associated with some kind of motor activity. Asher also claimed that learning should be as fun as possible. Nowadays, TPR is a standard requirement (11) __ the teaching of young learners. Therefore, it would make (12) to determine whether it can be effectively used at advanced levels. Ill Read the sentences below and fill in the gaps using the appropriate word from A,B,C, orD. 1 Congratulations to allofyouen —_your English grammar test. Asitting Btaking C passing D failing 2 Foreign qualifications are not always by our government. Arecognised Badmitted Cacknowledged — Dagreed 3 Myolder brother graduated ~~ Cambridge University. Aat Bon Cin Dfrom 4 After working on it for ten years, Jack finally finished the _draft of his new novel. Alast B final concluding Deventual 5 When! — my course in English literature, Ill enrol on a new one. Aend B complete C terminate D fulfil 6 | a fascinating lecture by Professor Hill. Awatched B visited Cattended D observed 25Ont 1 Education. Use of English 7 Schoolbreaks next Tuesday. Aup Bdown Coff Dout 8 When! was a student, | was never a teacher's Afavourite —_B jewel C darling Dpet 9 Mysisteris herself to speak Chinese. Alearning _—_B teaching C studying D mastering 10 Students havetohand their essays by the end of this week. Ain Bover Con Dout 11 When he finished university, he gota —_in Linguistics. Adiploma Bcertificate Cdegree Dlicense 12. Itis really becoming necessary to. young people about the dangers of drugs and alcohol. Alearn Bbring up Ctrain D educate IV Match the words (1-10) to one of the explanations (A-L). There are two explanations you do not need. 1 FEE A. aclassat the university for a small group of students and a 2 SEMINAR teacher to study or discuss a particular subject B_ one of the periods of time that the school or university is sidan divided into * 4 DIPLOMA © astudent at college or university who is working for their first 5 TERM degree 6 CAMPUS D along talk on a particular subject that someone gives to a group of people, especially to students in a university Mm (DISSERTATION E a small book that advertises a school, college or new business 8& UNDERGRADUATE | F an amount of money you pay to a professional person for their 9 GRANT work 10 PROSPECTUS G the land and buildings of a college or university, including buildings where students live H_ an amount of money given to someone, especially by the government for a particular purpose 1 adocument showing that someone has successfully completed a course of study and passed an examination J along piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree K_anarea of knowledge that you are studying L_ someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree 26Education. Writing Unit 4 = WRITING WRITING AN INFORMAL LETTER You are in Scotland on a three-week English summer course. At the end of the first week, you decide to write a letter to your best friend about your experiences. Write an informal letter and tell him/her about the: * school (accommodation, course, teachers) * social programme (excursions, activities) * students Write about 200 words. follow the instructions and include all the required information structure your letter (greeting, introduction, body paragraphs, conclusion, ending, signature) use paragraphs (each new content point requires a new paragraph) use informal language (idioms, everyday language, short forms, etc.) use transitional words/phrases (likes/dislikes, giving information, expressing opinions, etc.) Checklist a check if the task is completed b check if the layout/organisation is appropriate for the task ¢ re-read your letter and check for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation) d_ check the number of words WRITING AN ESSAY (PRESENTING AN ARGUMENT) The Private Schools Association has recently submitted a written request to the Ministry of Education. They have asked the Ministry to provide financial support for their work. This request has raised a lot of heated discussion among the general public. Write an argumentative essay in 200-250 words on the following statement: Since their work is entirely supervised by the Ministry of Education, private schools are entitled to ask for their financial support. + read the instructions carefully and make sure you understand them fully * present both sides (for & against} of the argument in a fairly balanced way * structure your essay (introduction, body paragraphs (arguments for & against), conclusion) 27Onit 14 — Education. Writing 28 * use new paragraphs for each new point + express your opinion in the concluding paragraph after summarising the arguments + use formal language + use transitional words/phrases (to list arguments for & against, to introduce examples, to conclude, to give opinions, etc.) Checklist a checkif the task is completed b_ check if the layout/organisation is appropriate for the task ¢ re-read your essay and check for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation) d_ check the number of wordsEducation. Speaking Oni 1 MSPEAKING HOLDING A DEBATE A proposal for education reform is being discussed by students, teachers, parents, experts, tc. It still hasn't been decided how students will be assessed at the end of their secondary school education - continuous assessment or one final examination? Before making the final decision, the Ministry of Education is interested in what students have to say about this rather controversial issue. Hold the class debate. CLASS DEBATE * form three groups The first two groups should prepare arguments for either accepting or rejecting the motion. Present your arguments and be ready to answer questions from the other group. The third group should listen to both groups and decide whether to accept or reject the motion providing arguments for their decision. Before making their decision, the third group can put questions to both groups. * allow time for groups to prepare their arguments + group presentations + asking & answering questions * presenting the decision PRESENTING AN ARGUMENT a prepare some arguments and examples to support your view b think about possible counter arguments and prepare your response(s) use transitional words/phrases (agreeing/disagreeing, ordering arguments, giving exemples, summarising, asking for/exoressing opinion) GIVING A SHORT TALK Some classmates of yours keep complaining about their grades. They claim that they spend hours preparing for the exams, but results are disastrous. Your results, on the other hand, are impressive. You have decided to help your classmates 29Oni 4 Education. Speaking Prepare a five-minute talk on how to do well in school exams. SHORT TALK * plan your talk, but DO NOT read it include all important information * present your points in a simple, clear and direct way + use informal language * use relevant transitional words/phrases 30Education. Listening Ont 4 i LISTENING Part 1 You will hear people speaking in eight different situations. Choose the most suitable answer (A, B or C) for questions 1-8. 1 You hear a student talking to a friend about the university she has chosen. Why did the student choose this particular university? A Ithas the best course. B__ Itis modern and well equipped. C One of her friends is going to the same place. You hear a man on the radio talking about learning Spanish. How did the man decide to learn the language? A by taking classes B__ over the internet © studying by himself You hear a woman talking to students on their first day at college. What's the main point of her talk? A. togive information about books B to tell students what to do in an emergency C to welcome students You hear a woman on the radio talking about her memories of a teacher. What does she remember most about his lessons? A how boring they were B how funny they were C how much the students learnt You overhear a girl talking to her friend about learning to drive. What reason does she give for failing her driving test the first time? A lack of knowledge B nerves C overconfidence You hear a git! on the radio talking about learning to use a computer. Why did she decide to learn to use a computer? A because everyone else could already use one B because she felt embarrassed at not knowing how to use one C because she was required to use one for a particular piece of work You overhear a man talking about why he stopped doing karate. Why did the man decide to give up? A because he was afraid of getting injured B because of family difficulties C because of work 31Ont 1 Education. Listening 8 You overhear a college lecturer complaining about her students. What part of the day is she talking about? A morning B_ afternoon Conight LISTENING Part 2 You will hear somebody showing new students around a college. Complete the sentences for questions 9-18 with no more than two words. You will hear the words that you need. The people on duty at the 9 should be able to help you with any enquiries, At the examinations office, you can 10 and pay for exams. You can also get leaflets with information on 11 and prices. In order to get a library card, you must show your 12. You can use the IT centre if you need to use a computer for your 13 orto access the internet. All students are issued with a college 14 and a password to access the college intranet. You should go to the student kind 15 office if you have any problems of any The canteen works from seven-thirty a.m. until 16 p.m. The bar serves drinks from eleven a.m. until one p.m, and from seven-thirty p.m. unt il 17 at night. All classrooms have 18, audio-visual equipment and boards. MLISTENING Part 3 You will hear five people talking about language courses that they attended. For questions 19-23, match the opinions (A-G) with the speakers. There are two extra letters that you do not need. Choose each letter once only. 32Education. Listening Onit 4 A It wasall very original. 19 Speaker 1 B It was far too expensive. 20 Speaker 2 C It was good value for money. 21 Speaker 3 D It was not what | thought it would be like. 22 Speaker 4 E | was bored most of the time. 23 Speaker 5 F | would definitely go again. G It was a long way to travel SLISTENING Part 4 You will hear a conversation between two friends about studying for exams. For questions 24-30, you must decide if the opinions are expressed by Sara, Tony or both of them, Write: $ for Sara, T for Tony or B for both. 24 25 26 27 28 2: 30 Tests are not a good way of measuring someone's knowledge. It can be hard to tell if students' work outside exams is their own. You should turn your phone off when you study. Make sure you have enough sleep before you sit an exam. Eating fish can help you perform better in tests. Doing previous exam papers can help you do better in examinations. You should have a break every hour when studying. 33