Linking Words and Structures

Relative
who / which / whose
Clauses
so / such (a)... (that)
because / as / since owing to / due to (+ -ing / noun / the fact that)...
As a result / consequence of… is…
Result
A result of... is...
…, so... therefore / for this reason...
The reason (that / why)... is...
Firstly, First of all, In the first place, To begin / start with, Secondly, Thirdly,
To list points
Finally
To list One / Another / A further / An additional (major) advantage of... is...
advantages The main / greatest / first advantage of... is...
To list One / Another / A further / An additional (major) disadvantage / drawback
disadvantages of… is…
: The main / greatest / most serious / first disadvantage / drawback of... is…
Another negative aspect of... is…
It is often / widely / generally claimed / suggested / argued / maintained /
felt / believed / held that…
Unconvincing viewpoint that…
In support of…
To introduce claim / suggest / argue / feel that...
points / maintain / believe / point out / agree / hold that...
people
arguments for some advocate (+ing / noun) / support the view that
experts
or against many
scientists oppose the view that...
most
sceptics are in favour of / against...
critics are of the opinion that / convinced that
are opposed to...
in addition (to this), furthermore, moreover, besides, apart from, what is
To add more more, as well as, not to mention (the fact) that, also, not only... but also /
points to the as
same topic: well, both... and,
There is another side to the issue / question / argument of...
on the other hand, it may be said / argued / claimed that...
however, still, yet, but, others / many people oppose this viewpoint,
nonetheless, nevertheless, (strongly) disagree..., claim / feel / believe this
even so, argument is incorrect / misguided
To make Opponents of... argue / believe / claim that...
contrasting The fact that... contradicts the belief / idea that...
points: While it is true to say that..., in fact...
It cannot be denied that...
But / Yet / However / Nonetheless / Even so + clause
Although / (Even) though / While / whilst / whereas + clause
In spite of / Despite + -ing form / noun / the fact that…
Regardless of the fact that…
For Example, For instance, Such as, Like, In particular, Particularly,
Especially,…
To introduce
This is (clearly) illustrated / shown by the fact that...
examples:
One / A clear / Striking / Typical example of (this)... is…
The fact that.... shows / illustrates that...
To emphasise Clearly, Obviously, It is obvious, Naturally, Of course, Needless to say,
a point: Indeed
To express In fact, The fact (of the matter) is, Actually, In practice, It is a fact that, In
reality: effect
To make
As a (general) rule, Generally, In general, On the whole, By and large, In
general
most cases
statements:
To make to a certain extent / degree, to some extent / degree, in a way / sense, this
partially is…
correct It is partly true (but), to a limited extent, there is some truth in (this), in
statements: some cases, up to a point
To explain /
in other words, that is to say, this / which means that
clarify a point:
 In conclusion, it can / must be said / claimed that...
On balance, it seems / appears that...
All things considered, it would seem that...
Taking everything it is likely / unlikely / possible / foreseeable that…
into it is clear / obvious that...
account / there is no / little doubt that...
Conclusion
consideration, the best course of action would be to...
expressing
To conclude, achieving a balance between... would be…
balanced
To sum up, it is true to say that...
considerations
All in all, although it must be said that...
/ opinion
Finally, Lastly, it may be concluded / said that...
indirectly
All things considered, the obvious conclusion to be drawn is that...
There is no absolute answer to the question of…
In the light of this evidence, it is clear / obvious / etc. that...
In conclusion, All in all, To sum up,
It is clear / apparent / plain / obvious / evident from the above / foregoing
evidence / points / arguments that… Balanced consideration (is that)…
In conclusion, On balance, All it is my belief / opinion that...
things considered, Taking I (firmly) believe / feel / think that,
Conclusion everything into account / I am convinced that...
expressing consideration, To conclude, I am inclined to believe that...
opinion To sum up, To summarize, All in I (do not) agree that / with...
directly all,
Taking everything into account, I therefore conclude / feel / believe (that)…
For the above-mentioned reasons, therefore, I (firmly) believe that...
To my mind / To my way of thinking,...
It is my (firm) belief / opinion / view / conviction (that)...
In my opinion / view...
I (firmly) believe...
I am (not) convinced that...
Giving I (do not) agree that / with...
Opinions It strikes me that...
My opinion is that,
I (definitely) feel / think that...
I am inclined to believe that.
It seems / appears to me...
As far as I am concerned,...
To express since / because, in view of / because of / owing to / due to (the fact that)...,
cause: The reason that... / why... / for... is that..., the root causes are…
To express thus / therefore / so / consequently, as a result / consequence, the result
effect: of... would be... would result in...
To express so that..., so as / in order (not) to..., with the purpose of / intention of
purpose: (+ing)
It can / could / may / might...,
To express
It is possible / probable / (un)likely / foreseeable / certain that... is
possibility /
(un)likely to / bound to / certain to / possible / probable....
probability:
The likelihood / possibility / probability of (-ing / noun) is...
Steps / Measures should / must / could be taken so as to / in order to solve
/ overcome / combat / deal with / eradicate...
Serious attempts to halt / prevent / solve... must be made.
One (possible) / Another / An alternative way to solve / overcome / combat
/ deal with / eradicate this problem / the problem (of)... would be / is...
If steps / measures were taken to... the effect / result / consequence
If... happened / were to happen, would be...
If attempts were made to address the
problem would be...
Problems &
Solutions People / Governments / We should to solve / overcome the problem
focus their / our attention on ways of...
to improve the situation of...
to reduce the impact of... on
society
By (+ ing )..., we / governments / etc , can ensure that / prevent
The... / situation could be improved if...
It would be a good idea if...
The effect / consequence / outcome / result of (+noun / -ing) would / might
be...