Test folder 7 Locating information (Academic Reading and General Training Reading Modules only) ‘You might be asked which paragraph or secti passage contains certain information ofa The answers only come from those paragraphs or sections that are labelled alphabetically. ‘The information in the questions doesn't come in the same order asin the pastage. The questions generally say what type of information you must find, such as an explanation, an example, 2 recommendation, how, why, etc. They are not paraphrases of the information itself | © Skim the whole passage before you start working | on any of the tasks. Read the instructions carefully. + Read the questions and think about what they ' > Gneaii. Underline the key words in the questions, both the type of information (explanation, how, etc.) and the topicitsell. “°°”: ‘Read the first labelled paragraph carefully. Read all the questions, and write the paragraph letter by any questions that match information in the paragraph, Remember to check both the type of information and the topic: © Continue with each of the labelled paragraphs in. turn. Where you have more than one possible answer, re-read those paragraphs and choose the ne that fits the question best. © Your answers should be A, B, C, etc: don’t write line numbers or anything else. © Unless the instructions tell you that you can tise any letter more than once, make sure all your answers are different. This passage is similar to those in the Academic Reading Module, but only about 550 words. The task is typical of both Reading Modules. The ides of different ‘thinking hats’ comes from the idiom ‘put ing cap on which means think hard’ -9\ TEST FOLDER 7 Six Thinking Hats - Looking at a decision from all points of view ‘A. Faced with a number of choices, we may find it hard to make a decision, ot may always approach problems in the Same way. Emational people, for example, may not consider decisions calmly and rationally. Many succesful people think from a very rational, positive viewpoint, and this i one reason for thelr success. Often, though, they fail to look ata problem from an emotional, intuitive, creative or negative viewpoint. By always using a postive approach, they may underestimate possible difficulties ~ such as resistance to their plans — and be under-prepared for dealing with future problems. ‘Six Thinking Has’ is a valuable technique fr increasing the effectiveness of decision-making, Created by Edward de Bono, it makes you consider the decision from a number of perspectives, forcing you to add different ways of thinking to your usual approach, This gives you a fuller view of 2 Situation. As 2 resut, your decisions and plans will be ambitious, creative and sensitive to the needs of ethers. They willbe caried out effectively, and you willbe prepared fr the ‘Unexpected. You can use Six Thinking Hats with other people cron your own. With others, it has the benefit of blocking the Confrontations ‘that. happen when people with diferent thinking styes discuss the same problem. © Each ‘Thinking Hat’ isa different style of thinking. With the White Thinking Hat you focus on the data avilable. Look at the information you have, and see what you can learn {rom it. Look for gaps in your knowledge, and either ty to fill them or take account of ther, Ths is where you analyse past trends, and try to work out from historical data what might happen in the future, ‘Wearing’ the Red Hat, you look at problems using intuition, instantaneous reactions, and emotion, Also try to think how other people will react ‘emotionally. Try to understand the responses of people who do not fully know your reasoning, D_ Using Black Hat thinkin, look at all the bad points of the decision, Look att cautiously and defensively. Try to see why it might not work Tis i important because it highlights the ‘weak points in a pla. It allows you to eliminate them, alter them, or prepare contingency plans to deal with problems that might arse, Black Hat thinking helps to make your plans Duge quét bang CamScannertougher’ and better able to survive difficulties t can also help you to spat fatal laws and risks before you start on a course of action. E_TheYelow Hat encourages you to thik posivly isthe ‘optimistic viewpoint that helps you to see all the benefits of ‘the decision and the value in it. Yellow Hat thinking helps you ‘0 keep going when everything looks gloomy and difficult, The Green Hat stands fr creativity Ths is where you can develop creative solutions to a problem, It is an unstructured way of thinking, in which there is little criticism of ideas, A whole range of creativity tools can help you here. F The Blue Hat stands for process control. Ths isthe hat wor by people chairing meetings. When running into difficulties because ideas are running dry, they may direct activity nto Green Hat thinking. When contingency plans are needed they will ask fr Black Hat thinking, and s0 on. The passage has six paragraphs labelled AF Which paragraph contains the following information? [NB You may use any letter more than once Example Read paragraph A. The last sentence contains the information in question 2, s0 the answer to 2 is A. 4. armethod of thinking which discourages objections 0 suggestions 2. a potential disadvantage of considering a problem from only one angie A 3. possible, benefis of identifying negative aspects of a plan 4 how the Six Thinking Hats technique ean help to prevent conflict in a meeting ‘5a method of thinking where one person in a group changes the style of thinking hal is required ‘a description of decisions made using the technique hhow to use what you already know 8 a way of making you feel more cheerful Do roles limit our choice of how we behave? A. Weall have many roles and offen switch berween them, as we interact with uiferent people in diferent situations. In the course of a single day. one person muy need (0 act as ‘manager, husband, ther, son, friend, and so on. B_Asociated ‘with each role isa distinct pattern of bochaviour which is considered typical of a person in that parccular postion, and this becomes part ofthe roe, Fathers are expected to behave in certain ways, and ‘managers in others, which perhaps include making decisions quick! from those belove chem in the company hierarchy, and speaking in a certain eye. Clearly expectations are a product of a particular time and place: expectations ‘connected with the role of manager or adult daughter may be different from what is expected in other cultures, fo in the same culture 3 century ago These expectations affect how people behave in roles, how they fel th ‘ought ro behave, and how they believe other people should respond to cher actions. © Roles are normally taken in relation to an appropriate other person, in an appropriate context. 2. This is similar to passages in the 1 ‘Academic Reading Module but is only about 375 words. The task is typical of 2 both Reading Modules. The passage above has five paragraphs 2 labelled A-E. 3 Which paragraph contains the following < information? ; NB You may use any leller more than once. Doctors are expected (0 take our pule, maintain a degree of profesional distance and wear white coats ‘when we encounter chem ia hospitals, bt they are not "looking the part by dressing differentiy expected to do thitall the time ~ when we meet them $e parties oF inthe see, for instance D Expecexions about the behaviour associated with particule roles influence our aeons. Although we have foe degree of choice in our conduct the expectations and patterns of behaviour connected with our roles encourage {sto conform with the norm, Managers, for insane, may feel under presure to behave in an authoritarian manne, ven if his confes with thie personality and general approach to interaction with ether people. Choosing to behave in a say that conics with other people’ expectations can ere a wide range of problems E On the other hand, expectations simply social contact, 2 they make ie unnecessary to analyse every individual sution we find ourselves in. Instead, once sve know the relevant ole ofthe other person, we sstume that they will behave in certain Ways, and that we, t00, need to behave in certain ways examples of situations in which particular role behaviour is considered unsuitable how clothing might be chosen to differentiate between people at different levels within an organisation _2 suggestion that people may be uncomfortable with the way they are expected to behave an example of an individual taking a number of roles how a persor's rle affects other people's response to them 2 claim that the behaviour expected as part of a particular role {snot always the same + STEST FOLDER 7 1 Duge quét bang CamScanner