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ORO ee rion raed ome, on eye aH, mrad EuNDamentAL Tagore OF ALGesRA Crm) as nik oa f > i roots ) ie L+1=0 —5 2 foots] y 4 ere aa Pea To the X-axis 22? yn Fl Tut onal CEES ped (ima Now, ne mea ie 0 im aaa Py ec reaa o'r e445 pare? ae 2 x (-3) oo ns Teas IN 2 Rial Sar) ey ao ee. er ‘age edna Te CaN eae ad eS eas as ios rl VET ie ether gestive or ngotve Ae carne Eee © Assume rae: (=) > 6 (co rn om @ Gassome ee ae an Saf Aeron lp ea Deas ® PAssvme (=) =0 Pea a ) can es coe sa aaa 4: la Val Le Pia in the Dead Bees) ee oe VS Aa Tm ee Cera HH fi Cited) t; Pa ae Cd cc ce ve ieeaginat ad ae Sate ee ce a ae Le Ts e +1=0 an ees rh, (-DX3 = a oe re ee pa ae eel C2) x Ga) 186" rotate met ce) ea ee eas) ou (eae al Peta Ea a od fs Tean Robert Argand 7 aL) BN atT hith is If, had been called di Pa a Ci aera a Se, we called this on OD Ne ‘ Coram ns Cas re Wessel C17) WN Vana “That this subject [imaginary numbers] has to been surrounded by my: rious obscurity, to be attributed largely to an ill adapted notation. for example, +1, -1, and the square root of -1 e and lateral uni instead of impossible), such an obscurity would have of een out the ques - Carl Friedrich Gaus And , qak! i ial Lod CR aan) Ce a co ee ee Cr rs 2 sce [unm ga eee Gee 20) 2 x= 34 JB ee ar rn tag Ce ce (adie be eC) ced S a rs FZ Cea ee 2 ” b 5 Hl ars Jaz ao Cae LT Le Rare haa Oem aaa ass Ee Ol 2 P @)= 2. Wa) Clee EG ‘ & 2. eo Vay Bk Je Cc ot a rene ae fi-lenen = Jawa = @ ©) Sickel a belt ai ee ane Sa Ma) = (4,2 @ jf a (ary G)) Cr) = (2) Ca [2 i E i a oo) ed Cnas) = ee ace a oe ad Ki ay as Bi- 54 = G21) ac) si Hi or) a oe a So a aa ed Pan ee ri aan a a ae inet ne eed REA daa) Pee ee ed anna | roo ae eran a ue mq7 * ¢ © (_ Real ‘ieak +21 nan CT a ae ag Lote al 22 THE COMPLEX PLANE ee Pays s DT a ACL RST ae THE XY PLANE a ey) Ree (ere) 7 - Wei = (7,-ws) 3+ o2i-= Cs, 0.2) are }) “3 +2 - oi ° 4 a a al y & Sina, 34.2 eu Sy 4 Real . We add complex numbers by adding the This has a nice visual interpretation, adding we place thi uur result. wer it tip lands Imaginary ati ind arrow at the (143i) + (atib) = ati (atib) = Uti) - C48) a ae Th Co rad ra Ty catio, at y” fae (3+ 2i)(1+2i) Fara 3+ 61+ 20+ nae 34+8i-4 —1 + cots Now, Scatar Holt a , , 6* ca wt 2% X2—> Ata —__y G ee Gy a cae a cr ey aS ED 2% xi —— ond Cees multiplication ("times 2") ‘cales up a number Now, G2 xD) ) . Pa} oS) ae hea OS eee) A ae 7 G+ 4i) (3421) 4 x3 ye E Ci bi C1, 181) ; 1+ 181 (makes it larger bi — ts pa eran as 1b ca Pa) ia LS

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