APPROACH VIEW OF MAN KEY CONCEPTS GOALS PROCESS TECHNIQUES ROLE OF

COUNSELOR
Behavior From Krumboltz and Thoresen:
modificatio  By himself/herself:
n Approach  Unable to figure out
by John solution
Dwight  Can’t define what is
Krumboltz wrong
Et al  Needs expert in
 Clarifying problems
 Finding solutions
 A FREE individual
 Learning individual
 If taught how to, man
can
 be
independent problem solvers
 change
bahavior
From Dustin and George:
 Neither intrinsically good nor
bad
 An experiencing organisms
 Have potential for all
kinds of behavior
 Able to
 Conceptionalize
 Control own behavior
 Acquire new
behaviors
 Influence others’
behaviors (vice versa)
From Gerald Corey:
 Producer and product of
environment
 Provide possibilities and
people will be freer
 A  B  Opera  Classroom Monitoring:  Effective  Facilita
process of helping ecome nt Learning teaching practices, frequent monitoring, strict tor
people to learn how independent  Imitati rules and regulations, social appraisal, etc   Trainer
to solve certain problem ve Learning  Pro-social Behavior:  Positive and  Teache
interpersonal, solvers  Cogniti negative reinforcements , modeling of pro-social r
emotional and  B ve Learning behavior, verbal instruction, role playing, etc
decision problems ecome more  Emotio  Moral Education: Moral Science
 “Learn” self-sufficient nal classes on real-life situations, imaginary situations
: Learning and literature. Let students play different roles as
 Client a teacher, principal, parents, etc and participate in
problems as school administration.
problems in  Social Problem Solving (SPS): Direct
learning teaching of SPS skills (e.g. alternative thinking,
 Counsel means-ends thinking), dialoguing, self-instruction
ors: people who training, etc
help clients learn  Effective Communication Models:
 Goal: Values explanation activities, active listening,
change in behavior importance of communication and interpersonal
 “How skills, training for students and teachers
to solve”:  Positive Reinforcement: This refers
 Becom to reinforcing a desired behavior through the
e independent process of rewarding it. This can be done by
problem solvers praising the individual as soon as he performs a
 Becom desirable behavior.
e more self-  Negative Reinforcement: Negative
sufficient reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on
 “Certai the removal of a negative consequence or a
n”: behavior because the desired behavior was
 Some performed. For example, letting a child not help in
problems are washing dishes because he behaved well at a
beyond the family gathering is a form of negative
counselor’s reinforcement.
competence  Punishment: This form of behavioral
modification technique is something that we all
can relate to. Yes, it is just what it means.
However, when put in words, punishment refers
to subjecting an individual to a negative condition
 because of an inappropriate behavior.
From Mam Chit:  Extinction: refers to the removal of
 Capable of learning and reinforcement on the whole. For example, if a
unlearning mother ignores her child whining, then she is using
the behavioral modification technique of
extinction to discourage the whining behavior in
her child.

 Systematic Desensitization

Therapeutic technique typically used to treat

phobias. This process teaches relaxation
techniques in conjunction with progressive,
graduated exposure to the feared stimulus.

 Modeling

Modeling is a therapeutic technique based on

observational learning. Behaviors are
modeled to an individual allowing the person
to see and recreate the modeled behavior.
Therapy is excellent for treatment of phobias.

 Aversion Therapy

Therapy when an extremely averse stimulus,

either shocks or nausea-inducing drugs, are
presented after behaviors. This lessens
chances behaviors will occur in the future as
they will be associated with the undesirable
stimulus.

 Punishment

Punishment is a conditioning technique that

lessens the chance a behavior will occur in
the future through either the removal of
something desirable or presentation of
 something undesirable after the behavior
occurs.

 Reinforcement

A cause and effect type of therapy in which

the individual is presented with something
desirable after performing a behavior. This
reward strengthens the chance the behavior
will occur again.

 For a detailed “Cookbook”:

Counseling Methods by Krumboltz and

Thoresen