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 INDEX
Syllabus 7
Term-2 Breakdown 8

1. Quadratic Equations 9-38 5. Constructions 145-158

Topic Notes 10 Topic Notes 146
Objective Questions 14 Objective Questions 150
Subjective Questions (SA/LA) 20 Subjective Questions (SA/LA) 152
Topper’s Corner 34 Topper’s Corner 157

2. Arithmetic 6. Surface Areas and

Progressions 39-74
Topic Notes 40
Objective Questions 44
Subjective Questions (SA/LA) 53
Topper’s Corner 68
Volumes 159-200
Topic Notes 160
Objective Questions 166
Subjective Questions (SA/LA) 174
Topper’s Corner 191

3. Applications of 7. Statistics 201-224

Trigonometry 75-104
Topic Notes 76
Objective Questions 78
Subjective Questions (SA/LA) 84
Topper’s Corner 98
Topic Notes 202
Objective Questions 208
Subjective Questions (SA/LA) 214
Topper’s Corner 223

4. Circles 105-144
Topic Notes 106
Objective Questions 110
Subjective Questions (SA/LA) 120
Topper’s Corner 133

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 Syllabus
(TERM - 2 Only)

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of
quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula.
2. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots.
3. Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities
to be incorporated (problems on equations reducible to quadratic equations are
excluded.)

5. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
1. Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and
sum of the first n terms of A.P
2. Application in solving daily life problems (applications based on sum to n terms of
an A.P. are excluded.)

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY

8. CIRCLES
Tangent to a circle at, point of contact
1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through
the point of contact.
2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
3. (Motivate) Alternate Segment theorem: If a chord is drawn through the point of
contact of a tangent to a circle, then the angles made by the chord with the
tangent are respectively equal to the angles subtended by the chord in the
alternate segments.

10. CONSTRUCTIONS
1. Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally).
2. Tangents to a circle from a point outside it.
3. Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle.

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY
12. SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY
(Identities, height and distance)
1. Heights And Distance : Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression
2. Simple problems on heights and distances.
3. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation /
depression should be only 30°, 45°, 60°..

(7)

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 UNIT VI: MENSURATION
14. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
1. Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids,
spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.
2. Frustum of a cone.
3 Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other
mixed problems. (Problems with combination of not more than two different solids
be taken).

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

15. STATISTICS
1. Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided).
2. Step deviation Method for finding the mean, Cumulative frequency graph.

Note: Topics marked in Red are removed from the 2021-22 Term-based Syllabus.

TERM-2
BREAKDOWN
Units Units and Chapters Marks

10
II Algebra

IV Geometry 09

Trigonometry: Some Applications of

V 07
Trigonometry

VI Mensuration 06

VII Statistics & Probability: Statistics 08

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
Periodic Tests (3) + Multiple Assessments
10
(2) + Portfolio (2) + Student Enrichment
Activities/ Practical Work (3))

TOTAL 40 + 10

(8)

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 for Chapter Fly

Quadratic Equations 9

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 TOPPER’S CORNER
SUBJECTIVE Type Questions
Very Short Answer Type Questions
[ 1 mark ]
1. If x = 3 is one root of the quadratic equation x2 – 2kx – 6 = 0, then find the value of k.
Ans.

[CBSE Topper 2018]

2. Write the discriminant of the quadratic equation (x + 5)2 = 2 (5x – 3).

Ans.

[CBSE Topper 2019]

3. If the quadratic equation px2 – 2 5 px + 15 = 0 has two equal roots, then find the value of p.

Ans.

[CBSE Topper 2015]

Short Answer Type-I Questions (SA-I)

[ 2 marks ]

4. Solve for x: 2x + 9 + x = 13

Ans.

34 Mathematics Class X

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 2 Arithmetic
Progressions

24
art Point
Start Point
22 End
End PointPoint
20
vech
icle

18
de

16
lay ti

14
me (s

12
e
c.) N

10 30
40 3
or

c.)

40 5
th

45
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-S

e(
ou

45
cl

50
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th

50
ht
tr

lig
a

55 55
ic
ic
lig


ra

45 60
ht

60
tt
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65 45
-W
cl

65
50
e(

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se

Ea
c.)

(a)
16
Start Point
vech

14
ic
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12
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10
End Point
ec.)

8
30
30 35
No

35
c.)
rt

40
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h-

40
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So

45
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45
ut

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h

50
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c.)

(b)

Identifying patterns using the concept of arithmetic progression, tra ic

light signals are dynamically adjusted with tra ic data. This reduces the
degrees of tra ic congestion signi cantly.

Topic Notes
Arithmetic Progression and Its Related Terms
nth Term of an A.P.
n Term from the End of an A.P.
th

Sum of  rst ‘n’ terms of an A.P.

Arithmetic Progressions 39
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 a7 = a6 + 2 Caution
 For finding whether a given sequence is an A.P. or not,
=3+ 5 2 + 2 =3+6 2
find the difference between all the given consecutive terms.

TOPIC 2
nth TERM OF AN A.P.
The nth term, an of an A.P. with first term a and
common difference d is given by:
an = a + (n – 1)d
The nth term is also called the general term of an A.P.
If ‘n’ is the number of terms in an A.P., then an is called
its last term, also denoted by l.
i.e. l = a + (n – 1)d
Example 4. Fill the missing terms in the A.P.:
, 38, , , , –22 [CBSE 2015, NCERT]
Ans. Since, a, a + d, a + 2d, ..... is a general form of an
A.P.
Here, we have
a + d = 38 ...(i)
and a + 5d = –22 ...(ii)
On subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
–4d = 60
⇒ d = –15
Then, a = 38 – (–15) = 53[Using (i)]
The, a + 2d = 53 + 2(–15) = 23
a + 3d = 53 + 3(–15) = 8
a + 4d = 53 + 4(–15) = 53 – 60 = –7
Hence, 53 , 38, 23 , 8 , −7 , –22.
Caution
 Remember that first term of an A.P. is only ‘a’ not ‘a + d’.
Example 5. The 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its
10th term by 7. Find the common difference.
 [CBSE 2019, NCERT]
Ans. Let a be the first term and d be the common
difference.
Then, according to the question,
a17 = a10 + 7
We know, an = a + (n – 1) d
∴ a = a + (17 – 1) d
and a10 = a + (10 – 1) d
Now,
a + (17 – 1) d = a + (10 – 1) d + 7
⇒ 16d – 9d = 7
⇒ 7d = 7
⇒ d = 1
Hence, the common difference is 1.
Example 6. How many three-digit numbers are
divisible by 7?  [CBSE 2013, NCERT]
Ans. The first three-digit number divisible by 7 is 105
and last three-digit number divisible by 7 is 994.
Thus, we have to determine number of terms in
105, 112, 119 ....... 994.
This series forms an A.P. as, difference between
any two consecutive terms is same i.e. 7.
So, a = 105, d = 7 and an = 994.
Let the number of terms in A.P. be ‘n’.
We know, an = a + (n – 1)d
⇒ 994 = 105 + (n – 1)7
⇒ 994 = 105 + 7n – 7
⇒ 7n = 994 – 105 + 7
= 1001 – 105 = 896
⇒ n = 128
Hence, there are 128 three-digit numbers, which
are divisible by 7.
Example 7. Case Based: The Indian Railway
network in the world, in terms of size, with a route
length of 68,155 km as of March 2019. Indian
Railways runs 13,523 passenger trains daily, on both
long-distance and suburban routes, covering 7,321
stations across India.
There are 72 passengers in the first coach of a long
distance train, 68 passengers in the second coach, 64
passengers in the third coach and so on.
(A) The number of passengers in the successive
coaches of the long distance train form an A.P.
with:

Arithmetic Progressions 41

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 Applications of
Trigonometry

Applications of Trignometery 75

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 50 + x ⇒ x = 50 3 – 50
⇒ 3 =
50
= 50( 3 – 1) m
⇒ 50 + x = 50 3

SUBJECTIVE TYPE Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions
AB
⇒ 3 =
[ 1 mark ] 2 3
⇒ AB = 6
12. In the figure, the angle of elevation of the
top of a tower from a point C on the ground, Hence, the height of the pole is 6 m.
which is 30 m away from the foot of the
15. India is one of the most vulnerable countries
tower, is 30º. Find the height of the tower.
to getting hit by tropical cyclones in the basin,
A from the east or from the west.On average,
2–3 tropical cyclones make landfall in India
each year, with about one being a severe
tropical cyclone or greater.

30°
B 30 m C
[CBSE 2020]
Ans. Let the height of the tower BA be ‘h’ metres.
In right ∆ABC, we have:
AB
= tan 30º
BC
h
⇒ = 3
30

A tree breaks due to storm and the broken
⇒ h = 30 3
part bends so that the top of the tree
Hence, the height of the tower is 30 3 metres. touches the ground where it makes an angle
13. The angle of elevation of the top of a 30°. The distance between the foot of the
tower at a point on the ground, 50 m away tree to the point where the top touches the
from the foot of the tower, is 60º. Find the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree
height of the tower. [CBSE 2017] from where it is broken.
14. A pole casts a shadow of length 2 3 m on Ans.

ground, when the sun’s elevation is 60°. Find
the height of the pole. [CBSE 2015]
Ans. A
A

60° 30º
B B C
C 2 3 8m
AB
Let AB be the pole and BC be its shadow. tan 30 ° =
∴ In ABC, BC
AB 1 AB
tan 60° = =
BC 3 8

Self-Practice Questions. Detailed solutions accessible here

84 Mathematics Class X

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