PART 1

PRONUNCIATION

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 Listen every day to TRAIN your EARS

If you hear a new word or phrase only once, you will soon forget it.

If you hear it 5 times, you will still probably forget it. If

you hear it 30 times, you will remember it forever.

To know a word or phrase and instantly understand it, you need to hear it 50-100 times!

<From A.J. Hoge – Effortless English Series>

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 UNIT 1 - AMERICAN R

A. SPEECH RULES:
1. Your mouth and lips come forward, like you are going to kiss.
2. Your tongue rolls back, NOT forward.

YOUR DRAWING: 1.

2.

B. R AT THE END OF WORDS OR AFTER A VOWEL:

Carrr /kɑ:r/ 1. Do you have a car? Do you want to have a car?
(n): xe ô tô
Bạn có xe ô tô không? Bạn có muốn sở hữu một chiếc ô tô không?
Far /fɑ:r/
(adj); xa
2. Which movie star do you like?
Star /stɑ:r/ Ngôi sao điện ảnh nào mà bạn thích?
(n): ngôi sao 3. Do you want to be a movie star? Why?
Door Bạn có muốn trở thành ngôi sao điện ảnh không? Tại sao?
/dɔ:r/ (n): 4. Are you poor?
cánh cửa Bạn có nghèo không?
Bear /ber/ 5. I‘m a bit cold. Could you turn off the fan for me?
(n): con gấu
Tớ thấy hơi lạnh. Cậu tắt quạt cho tớ được không?
Four /fɔ:r/
(n): số bốn 6. What do you plan to do next year?
Air /er/ Bạn dự định làm gì trong năm tới?
(n): không khí 7. Do you prefer travelling by air or by train? Why?
Year /jɪr/ Bạn thích du lịch bằng tàu hoả hay máy bay hơn? Tại sao?
(n): năm
8. Someone is knocking on the door. Do you hear it?
Turn /tɜ:rn/ Có ai đó đang gõ cửa. Mày nghe thấy không?
(v): xoay, vặn
Poor /pʊr/ 9. How many bears do you have?
(n): nghèo Bạn có bao nhiêu “em” gấu?
10. Do you know the person next to the door?
Bạn có biết người ngồi cạnh cửa sổ không?

Tip: You don‘t want to miss out any R? Then you should underline ALL the R’s.

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C. R AT THE BEGINNING OF WORDS:
RRRock /rɑ:k/ 1. Rice or noodle, which do you prefer?
(n): nhạc rốc
Cơm hay phở, bạn thích món nào hơn?
Rip /rɪp/
(v): xé toạc
2. Do you like rock music? Which rock band do you like?
Reach /ri:tʃ/ Bạn có thích nhạc rock không? Ban nhạc rock nào mà bạn thích?
(v): với lấy 3. Are you rich? Do you want to be rich? Why?
Road Bạn giàu có chứ? Bạn có muốn giàu có không? Tại sao?
/roʊd/ (n): 4. Do you like walking in the rain? Why?
con đường Bạn có thích đi bộ dưới mưa không? Tại sao?
Rain /reɪn/ 5. I like watching the rain. Do you know why?
(n): mưa
Tớ thích ngắm mưa. Bạn biết vì sao không?
Rich /rɪtʃ/
(adj): giàu có 6. Do you understand the saying: ―When in Rome do as
Rome Romans do.‖?
/roʊm/(n): Bạn có hiểu câu: “When in Rome do as Romans do.” là gì không?
thành Rôm 7. What should an employee do to get a salary raise?
Raise /reɪz/ Người lao động nên làm gì để được tăng lương?
(n): sự tăng 8. Give me your phone number so that I can reach you.
Robe /roʊb/ Cho tớ số điện thoại của bạn để tớ có thể liên lạc với bạn nhé.
(n): áo choàng
Tip: You should EXAGGERATE the sound in focus to train your mouth muscles.
Rice /raɪs/
(n): gạo
D. R IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS:
Verrry /‘veri/ 1. What is everyone here doing?
(adv): rất, lắm Mọi người ở đây đang làm gì vậy?
Direction /də‘rekʃən/ 2. Do you want to marry your best friend? Why?
(n): phương hướng Bạn có muốn cưới bạn thân nhất của mình không? Tại sao?
Arrange /ə‘reɪndʒ/ 3. My shirt is original. How about yours?
(v): sắp xếp Áo sơ mi của tớ là hàng chuẩn. Của cậu thì sao?
Erase /ɪ‘reɪs/ 4. If I remember correctly, we met before, right?
(v): tẩy, xoá
Nếu tớ nhớ không nhầm thì chúng ta đã gặp trước đó,
Correct /kə‘rekt/ đúng không nhỉ?
(adj): chính xác
5. When your car is broken, where do you take it?
Marry /‘mæri/
(Garage)
(v): cưới (vợ chồng)
Khi xe ô tô của bạn bị hỏng, bạn sẽ mang nó đi đâu?
Garage /gə‘rɑ:ʒ/
6. What time did you arrive here today?
(n): ga ra, nhà để ô tô
Bạn đã đến đây lúc mấy giờ hôm nay?
Original /ə‘rɪdʒɪnəl/
7. Do you think we should arrange the tables here
(adj): (thuộc) nguồn gốc
Hurry /‘hɜ:ri/ to make more room?
(v): vội vã Bạn có nghĩ là chúng ta nên sắp xếp lại các bạn ở đây để
Zero /‘zɪroʊ/ phòng rộng hơn không?
(n) : số không 8. If it is freezing, that means the temperature is
Marine /mə‘ri:n/ below…
(adj) : (thuộc) biển Nếu nó đang đóng băng, có nghĩa là nhiệt độ ở dưới …

Berry /‘beri/ 9. I don‘t know how to get to the parking place from

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 (n): quả mọng
here. Could you give me some direction?
Operation/ɑ:pə‘reɪʃən/
Tôi không biết đến chỗ đỗ xe bằng cách nào từ đây. Bạn chỉ
(n): ca mổ
đường giúp tôi được không?
Caring /‘kerɪŋ/
(adj): chu đáo
Arrive /ə‘raɪv/
(v): đi đến
Everyone /‘evriwʌn/
(n): mọi người

Tip: You want to remember word stress? Then use your marker to HIGHLIGHT
the stressed syllables.

E. WORD STRESS
There is always one syllable that receives the most stress in a word. That
stressed syllable is spoken:
1- LOUDER
2- LONGER
3- At a HIGHER pitch

E. INTONATION IN Y/N QUESTIONS:

- Intonation in Yes/No questions usually goes up at the end.
Practice:
1. Do you love RRRock music?
2. Do you have a caRRR?
3. Do you like walking in the RRRain?
4. Are you RRRich or PooRRR?
5. Have you ever been to RRRusia?
F. R BLENDS AT THE BEGINNING OF WORDS
1. A: I just don‘t trust him.
Training /‘treɪnɪŋ/
A: Tớ không tin anh ta nữa.
(n): sự đào tạo
B: Why don‘t you trust him?
Trust /trʌst/
B: Tại sao cậu không tin anh ấy?
(v): tin tưởng
A: Because he lied to me and my friends many times.
Trip /trɪp/ A: Bởi vì anh ta nói dối tớ và các bạn tớ nhiều lần rồi.

(n): chuyến đi B: Oh really? Then I won‘t trust him, either.

B: Thật á? Vậy tớ cũng sẽ không tin anh ta nữa.

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 2. A: I‘ve got a business trip to Hong Kong tomorrow.
Great /greɪt/
A: Tớ có một chuyến công tác đến Hong Kong vào ngày mai.
(adj): tuyệt vời
B: A week-long trip?
Tropical /‘trɑ:pɪkəl/
B: Chuyến đi một tuần à?
(adj): thuộc nhiệt đới
A: No, I‘m just going for three days.
Bring /brɪŋ/
A: À không, tớ sẽ chỉ đi 3 ngày thôi.

(v): đem lại B: Then good luck to you and your business.

Print /prɪnt/ Remember to come over my house for dinner after

you come back.
(v): in ấn
B: Vậy chúc cậu và chuyến công tác may mắn nhé. Nhớ ghé
President /‘prezɪdənt/
qua nhà tớ ăn tối sau khi trở về nhé.

(n): tổng thống A: Of course. See you then.

Product /‘pra:dʌkt/ A: Dĩ nhiên rồi. Hẹn gặp lại nha.

(n): sản phẩm B: See ya.

B: Hẹn gặp lại cậu.
Cracker /‘krækər/
3. A: Could you bring me another glass of beer? *
(n): bánh quy giòn
A: Bạn mang cho tôi thêm một ly bia được chứ?
Crawl /kra:l/
B: Of course! I will bring it to you right away.
(v): bò, trườn
B: Dĩ nhiên rồi ạ, tôi sẽ mang ra ngay bây giờ.

Break /breɪk/ A: Great! Thank you.

(v): làm vỡ A: Tuyệt. Cảm ơn.

4. A: Could you print out this document for me?* I

need to give it to our new vice president before 3p.m.

A: Em in giúp anh tài liệu này được không? Anh cần đưa nó cho
phó chủ tịch mới trước 3pm.

B: Mr. Truth is the new vice president, isn‘t he? I

will print it right away!

B: Mr. Sự thật là phó chủ tịch mới phải không anh? Em sẽ in

ngay đây.

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 A: He is! Thank you.
A: Đúng rồi em ạ. Cảm ơn em.

G. R BLENDS IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS:

Subtract /səb‘trækt/ 1. A: Have you two been introduced? *

(v): (phép) trừ A: Hai bạn đã quen nhau chưa?

Waitress /‘weɪtrəs/ B: No, not yet.

(n): nữ bồi bàn B: Chưa, vẫn chưa.

Nutrition /nu:‘trɪʃən/ A: So let me introduce you guys to each other! Tom, this
is Greg.
(n): sự dinh dưỡng
A: Vậy để tớ giới thiệu hai bạn với nhau nhé. Tom, đây là Greg.
Australia /ɑ:‘streɪljə/
B: Nice to meet you, Greg!
(n): nước Úc
B: Rất vui được gặp bạn, Greg.
Introduce /ɪntrə‘du:s/
2. A: I will tell you a secret but you must not tell anyone. OK?
(v): giới thiệu
A: Tớ sẽ nói cho cậu một bí mật nhưng cậu không được nói cho ai đấy
Compress /kəm‘pres/ nhé. OK?

(v): ép, nén B: What is that secret?

Oppression /əʊ‘preʃən/ B: Bí mật gì vậy?

(n): sự đàn áp A: You have to promise first.

Betray /bɪ‘treɪ/ A: Cậu phải hứa trước đã.

(v): phản bội B: I promise! I would never betray a confidence.

B: Tớ hứa. Tớ sẽ không bao giờ tiết lộ bí mật.

H. CONVERSATIONS

1. A: Mary tells me that she doesn’t trust John.

A: Mary bảo tớ là cô ấy không tin ohn

B: Why doesn’t she trust him?

B: Tại sao cô ấy không tin anh ấy?

A: Because he lied to her friends many times.

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A: Bởi vì anh ta nói dối các bạn của cô ấy nhiều lần rồi.

B: Oh really? Then I won‘t trust him, either.

B: Thật á? Vậy tớ cũng sẽ không tin anh ta nữa.

2. A: I‘ve got a business trip to Russia tomorrow.

A: Tớ có một chuyến công tác đến Nga vào ngày mai.

B: A long-saved-for trip?

B: Một chuyến đi đắt đỏ à?

A: No, I‘m just going for three days and have a tight budget

A: À không, tớ sẽ chỉ đi 3 ngày với số tiền khiêm tốn thôi

B: Then good luck to you and your business. Remember to come over my house for
dinner after you come back.

B: Vậy chúc cậu và chuyến công tác may mắn nhé. Nhớ ghé qua nhà tớ ăn tối sau khi trở về nhé.

A: Of course. See you then.

A: Dĩ nhiên rồi. Hẹn gặp lại nha.

B: See ya.

B: Hẹn gặp lại cậu.

I. PRACTICE SENTENCES
1. The story he read on the radio was incorrect.
Câu chuyện mà anh ấy đọc trên radio là không chính xác.

2. Her career in the law firm is permanent.

Công việc của cô ấy trong hãng luật là lâu dài.

3. Richard and Brooke took a ride in their brand new Range Rover truck.
Richard và Booke đã có một chuyến đi bằng xe tải hãng Range Rover mới toanh của họ.

4. Everyone will respect the Royal Family when they arrive at the airport.
Mọi người sẽ thể hiện sự kính trọng gia đình hoàng gia khi họ đến sân bay.

5. The trip to the Rocky Mountains will be rescheduled on Friday.

Chuyến đi đến Rocky Mountains sẽ được sắp xếp lại vào thứ sáu.

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 UNIT 2 - W SOUND
A. W at the beginning of words
Why /waɪ/ Which /wɪtʃ/ Wipe /waɪp/ Wish /wɪʃ/
When /wen/ What /wɑ:t/ Weight /weɪt/ Wing /wɪŋ/

B. Practice conversation

1. A: Have you seen the letter which came today?

A: Bạn đã nhìn thấy lá thư đến hôm nay chưa?
B: Today? Well, I haven‘t seen any letter.
B: Hôm nay á? Tớ chưa thấy lá thư nào.
2. A: Hey, look! That‘s Ms. Wolf.
A: , nhìn kìa. Đó là Ms. Wol
B: Ah, Ms. Wolf. She‘s my best friend’s wife.
B: À, Ms. Wol . Bà ấy là vợ bạn thân của tôi.
A: She is such a beautiful woman!
A: Bà ấy mới đẹp làm sao.
B: She‘s very kind and talented. I wish I had such a wonderful wife like that.
B: Bà ấy rất tốt b ng và tài giỏi. Tớ ước tớ có người vợ như vậy.
3. A: When are we leaving?
A: Khi nào chúng ta sẽ rời đi?
B: We will leave on the next Wednesday
B: Chúng ta sẽ đi vào thứ Tư tới.
A: Will you miss this place?
A: Cậu sẽ nhớ nơi này chứ?
B: Of course I will. I will miss all the things and people here.
B: Chắc chắn rồi. Tớ sẽ nhớ mọi thứ và mọi người nơi đây.
A: Maybe next year I will come back here . Would you mind going with me?
A: Có lẽ năm sau tớ sẽ quay lại đây. Cậu không ngại đi c ng tớ chứ?
B: I would go anywhere you ask me to.
B: Tớ sẽ đi bất cứ nơi đâu mà cậu yêu cầu.
4. A: I want to wish a special wish now!

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 A: Tớ muốn có một điều ước đặc biệt bây giờ.
B: Would you tell me your wish?
B: Cậu có nói cho tớ lời ước của cậu không?
A: I won‘t tell you! It‘s my own secret.
A: Tớ sẽ không nói cho cậu biết đâu. Đó là bí mật của riêng tớ.
B: Ok, then! Today is your birthday anyway.
B: Ok. Hôm nay là sinh nhật cậu mà.
C. W in the middle of words

Always /‘ɑ:lweɪz/ adv : lu n lu n

Away /ə‘weɪ/ adv : r i a

Beware /bɪ‘wer/ v : c n th n

Awake /ə‘weɪk/ adj : t nh, kh ng ng

Someone /‘sʌmwʌn/ n : m t ng in o

Rewind /ri:‘waɪnd/ v :l nl id y ng h

Halloween /hæloʊ‘i:n/

Hollywood /‘hɑ:liwʊd/

D. W practice sentences

- The wind from the west was very wet.

C n gi n t ph a T y th r t m t.

- We woke up and washed the white washcloth.

Ch ng t i th c d y v gi t c i kh n m t m u tr ng.

- We waited for the waitress to give us water.

Ch ng t i i n b i b n mang n c n.

- We had a wonderful time in Washington and Wisconsin.

Ch ng t i c m t th i gian tuy t v i Washington v Wisconsin

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 UNIT 3 - CONSONANT Q
A. SPEECH RULES

Q = /k/ + /w/

Question /‘kwestʃən/ n :c uh i

Quiet /kwaɪət/ adj : y n l ng

Queen /kwi:n/ n : n ho ng

Qualify /‘kwɑ:lɪfaɪ/ v: i u ki n

Quit /kwɪt/ v :t b

Quebec /kwɪ‘bek/ T n 1 th nh ph

Quilt /kwɪlt/ n : ch n

Choir /kwaɪr/ n: ih p ng

Fill in the blanks

1. A: Can I ask you a ________?

A: T i h i b n m t _________ c kh ng?

B: Be ______! I‘m on the phone.

B: ______! T i ang nghe i n tho i.

A: Quick ______! I have to go now and I need to ask you just a ________.

A: Nhanh l n ______! T i ph i i b y gi v t i c n h i

b n ch m t _______ th i.

2. A: I‘m finally _______ as an accountant.

A: Cu i c ng t i c ng ________ l m m t k to n.

B: Congratulations! What did your parents say?

B: Ch c m ng b n. B m b n n ig?

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A: They told me to take a trip to ______, Canada before I start my job.

A: H b o t i i du l ch n _______, Canada tr c khi b t u c ng vi c.

B: ______? Great! Enjoy your trip!

B: _______ ? Tuy t v i! Ch c b n m t chuy n i vui v .

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 UNIT 4 : VOICING – ENDINGS
A. ENDINGS:
- Definition: The last sound of a word.
- Example: Wife, why, white, while, wine...
- Mistakes:
+ Drop off endings.
+ Mispronounce endings.

B. VOICING:
- Definition: Is when your VOCAL CHORDS are VIBRATING in your throat, creating a buzzing
sound.
- Tip: Put your hand on your throat.

C. CONSONANT PAIRS:

Behind theTeeth Atthe Lips In the Throat

Unvoiced Voiced Unvoiced Voiced Unvoiced Voiced
t d p b k g
ch /tʃ/ j /dʒ/ f v h -
- l - m - ng /ŋ/
- n - w - r
s z
sh /ʃ/ zh /ʒ/
- y /j/

D. DOUBLE STAIRCASE:

• Unvoiced endings: vowels are spoken quickly, on single-stairstep Eg:

Beat, Feet
• Voiced endings: vowels are spoken slowly, on double-stairstep Eg:
Be Bead Fee Feed

Exercise 4.1: Voiced and Unvoiced Sounds with T

This exercise is for the practice of the difference between words that end in either a vowel or a voiced
consonant, which means that the vowel is lengthened or doubled. Therefore, these words are on a much
larger, longer stairstep. Words that end in an unvoiced consonant are on a smaller, shorter stairstep. This
occurs whether the vowel in question is tense or lax.

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 ha! hod hot caw cod cot/caught
har hard heart car card cart
hall hailed halt call called
her heard hurt cur curd curt
hole hold holt coal cold colt
hoe hoed co- code coat

Exercise 4.2:
Decide which words will be spoken using staircase and mark the staircase symbol before practicing.
Xác định xem từ nào sẽ được sử d ng bậc cầu thang và đánh dấu bậc thang trước khi luyện tập

P B K G T D S Z F V
Perry berry came game hot hod ice eyes proof prove
pat bat back bag cot cod ace A‘s leaf leave
Paul ball cage gauge pot pod fleece fleas safe save
pig big con gone coat code race rays fine vine
poi boy dock dog cart card
pull bull lock log colt cold
purr burr hurt heard
lap lab holt hold

PRACTICE:
Apply staircase when suitable in the following:
Xác định bậc cầu thang trong những câu dưới đây
1. I don’t know.
2. I’m not.
3. I see.
4. No.
5. On the phone.
6. In the bag K-G sound
7. A book.

E. ED ENDING RULES:
Rule 1 If a word ends in an unvoiced consonant, when adding “–ed”, just add an

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 unvoiced /t/
Example: - Jump /dʒʌmp/ Today I jump, yesterday I jumped. (pronounced jump-T)
- Walk /wɑ:k/ Today I walk, yesterday I walked. (pronounced walk-T)
Rule 2 If a word ends in a vowel or a voiced consonant, add a voiced /d/
Example:
Today I rub, yesterday I rubbed. (pronounced rub-D) /rʌb/
I cleaned the kitchen.
I poured the milk. /pɔ:r/
I scrubbed the floor. /skrʌb/
I tagged the clothing. /tæg/
I spilled some juice.
I trimmed the tree.
I moved to California.
The clock buzzed all night. /bʌz/
Rule 3 If a word ends in /t/ or /d/, add a voiced /ɪd/
Example:
Today, I lift the ball. Yesterday, I lifted the ball.
I heated up my dinner.
He voted this morning.

He handed me his report.

I traded in my old car.

She added some information.

F. PRACTICE:
Listen and fill in the blanks. Then note down the sounds of each „-ed’ ending and practice speaking
fluently.
1. Bob (1)________________ the leaves and then (2)________________ to wash his
car. He then (3)_______________ up the dishwasher and (4)________________
washing his dishes.

2. Susan (5)________________ her drink on the (6)________________ rug. She

(7)________________ it up with a napkin, which (8)________________ a lot of time.

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 3. He (9)________________ me an (10)________________ me money if I
(11)________________ up the (12)________________ equipment.

G. PLOSSIVE:

- Plosive sounds in English: p/b, t/d, kg

H. PAIRWORK
Talk about these pictures. Work with a partner or listen to the recording. Follow the
example.
Example: stayed awake/snored
A: He stayed awake, didn‘t he?

B: No, he didn‘t. He snored.

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 UNIT 5 - CONSONANT PAIR S & Z
A. SPEECH RULES:

- Touch your top teeth with the sides of your tongue

- Put the tip of your tongue forward to nearly touch the hard bump
- Flat tongue
- Thin stream of airflow

- /z/ = /s/ + voicing

B. S/Z ENDING RULES:

 Ending = unvoiced consonants (f, k, p, t, θ : ‘s‘ = unvoiced s = /s/

Eg: likes, writes

 Ending = vowels/voiced consonants v, g, b, d, ð, m, n, l, ŋ, r : ‘s‘ = voiced(s) = /z/

Eg: dogs, bones, plays, kids, sells

 Ending = f(s) = s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, Add an e tra vowel ‘es‘ = /ɪz/

Eg: teaches, boxes, prices

C.COMMON MISTAKES:

IS /ɪzzz/ IS – This is good.

HIS/hɪz/ HIS – His Mom is Mary.

AS /æz/ AS – As the phone rang.
WAS/wəz/ WAS – It was raining.
THESE /ði:z/ THESE – These are my children.
THOSE/ðoʊz/ THOSE – Those are my books.
EASY /‘i:zi/ EASY – This is easy.
BECAUSE /bɪ‘kɑ:z/ BECAUSE – Because we were late…

D. PAIRWORK:

Work in pairs and take turn to ask each other these questions below:

17
 1. How many people are there in your family?
2. Who are they?
3. What does your father/mother do? or: what is your father‘s job/occupation?
4. How old is your father/mother?
5. Do you like cats?
6. What do cats love to eat?
7. What is your brother’s name?
8. How old is your sister?
9. Do you think that this exercise is very easy?
10. Could you tell me where the teacher is?

E. PARAGRAPH PRACTICE:
Listen and fill in the blanks. Then note down the S-Z endings and practice speaking fluently.
Represent /reprɪ‘zent/ (v): đại diện Country /‘kʌntri/ (n): đất nước
Olympic /ə‘lɪmpɪk/ Brother /‘brʌðər/ (n): anh/em trai
Wore /wɔ:r/ (v) : mặc Athlete /‘æθli:t/ n): vận động viên
Qualifying /‘kwɑ:lɪfaɪŋ/ (adj):đủ tiêu chuẩn University /ju:nɪ‘vɜ:rsəti/ Distance
Distance /‘dɪstəns/ (n) : khoảng cách Hope /hoʊp/ (v) : hy vọng
Prize /praɪz/ (n): Giải thưởng Course /kɔ:rs/ (n) : khóa học
Last week, Jim’s 1 _________________ were picked to represent their country in
the Olympic (2)_____________. Two of the brothers were
(3)_________________, while the other twe were long (4)_________________
runners. All of the brothers (5)_________________ glasses. These
(6)______________ (7)_________________ hard at (8)_________________ for
the games and (9)_________________hoping to come home with
(10)_________________. Since the brothers go to the same
(11)_________________, the often take the same (12)_________________. This
(13)_________________ studying easier and (14)_________________ them more
time to do other (15)_________________.

Thursday /‘θɜ:rzdeɪ/ Squeeze /skwi:z/ (v): vắt

Orange /‘ɔ:rɪndʒ/ (n): quả cam Juice /dʒu:s/ (n): nước ép
Sunrise /‘sʌnraɪz/ (n): bình minh Mountain /‘maʊntən/ (n): núi
Beautiful /‘bju:tɪfəl/ Camera /‘kæmrə/ (n): máy quay
Roll /roʊl/ (n): cuốn Mile /maɪl / (n): dặm

18
On (1)_________________, I had a very lazy day. I (2)_________________ up
early and first squeezed (3)_________________ into (4)_________________. I
then got (5)_________________ and (6)_________________ the sunrise come
up over the mountains. It was so beautiful that I took many
(7)_________________ with my camera and I (8)_________________ three rolls
of film. After drinking two cups of coffee, I got (9)_________________, left the
house, and (10)_________________ three (11)_________________ home.

19
 UNIT 6 - L SOUND
A. PRACTICE:

– hill, mill, will, ill, bill, fill

– file, mile, while
– old, cold, hold, sold, told,
– held, wild, field, called, child
– mailman, always, railway, healthy
B. L-R & R-L COMBINATIONS:

– girl, world, hurl, pearl, Carl...

–
C. L-R COMBINATIONS:

seal ring /si:l rɪŋ/

1. A: Who‘s that girl?
(n) vòng làm kín
A: Cô gái kia là ai vậy?
toll road /toʊl roʊd/
(n) đường thu lệ phí B: She‘s the girl who has set the world on fire.
already/ɑ:l‘redi/ B: Cô là người set the world on fire.

(adv): đã, rồi A: What do you mean by ―set the world on fire‖?
civil rights /‘sɪvəl raɪts/ A: “set the world on ire” nghĩa là gì?
(v): quyền công dân B: I mean she is a wonderful and talented girl.
railroad /‘reɪlroʊd/ B: Ý tớ là cô ấy là người tài năng và tuyệt vời.
(n): đường ray
2. A: All her jewelry was taken.
rivalry /‘raɪvəlri/
A: Tất cả đồ nữ trang của cô ấy đã bị lấy mất.
(n): sự cạnh tranh
B: Is that the jewelry Karl gave her yesterday?
coral reef /‘kɔ:rəl ri:f/
(n): rặng san hô B: Có phải món nữ trang Karl đưa cô ấy hôm qua không?
jewelry A: It is. Poor her and Karl!
/‘dʒu:əlri/ A: Đúng rồi, tội nghiệp cho cô ấy và Karl.
(n): đồ nữ trang 3. A: Could you tell me the definition of schoolroom?
schoolroom /‘sku:lru:m/
A: Cậu có thể nói cho tớ định nghĩa của schoolroom là gì
(n): phòng học được không?
gravel road /‘grævəl roʊd/
B: Oh, a schoolroom is a room .
(n): đường rải sỏi
B: Ồ, …

20
 UNIT 7 – THE AMERICAN T

A. RULE 1: THE TRUE T

When a T is at the top of a staircase, in a stressed position, it should be a clear

popped sound.

YOUR DRAWING

1. In the beginning of a word, T is [t].

Ted took ten tomatoes.
Ted đã lấy đi 10 quả cà chua.

2. With a stressed T and ST, TS, TR, CT, LT, and sometimes NT
combinations, T is [t].
He was content with the contract.
Anh ấy đã hài lòng với bản hợp đồng.

3. T replaces D in the past tense, after an unvoiced consonant sound — f, k, p, s,

ch, sh, th — (except T).
T: laughed, picked, hoped, raced, watched, washed, unearthed D:
halved, rigged, nabbed, raised, judged, garaged smoothed
Exceptions: wicked [wikəd], naked [neɪkəd], crooked [krükəd], etc.

Exercise 7.1 – The TRUE T

Listen and fill in the blanks. Then underline the TRUE T’s in the following sentences and read the following
sentences out loud. Make sure that the underlined (stressed) Ts are sharp and clear.

1. It took Tim ten times to ________________ the telephone.

2. Stop ________________ Ted’s ________________.

3. _______________ _______________ Stella and study her ________________ together.

4. _______________ your _______________.

5. It’s Tommy’s ________________ to tell the teacher the ________________.

21
B. RULE 2: THE FLAP T

An unstressed T in the middle of a staircase between two vowel sounds should be

pronounced as a soft D.
Betty bought a bit of better butter. [Beddy bädə bidə bedder bədder]
Betty đã đi mua một chút bơ ngon hơn.
Pat ought to sit on a lap. [pædädə sidänə læp]
Pat nên ngồi lên đ i.

Exercise 7.2 – The FLAP T

Listen and fill in the blanks. Then underline the FLAP T’s in the following sentences and read the following
sentences out loud. Make sure that the underlined (unstressed) Ts sound like a soft D.

1. ________________ good idea.

2. ________________________ a ________________.
3. ________________________ a ________________.
4. ________________ the ________________ gutter.
5. __________ the ______ in the ________________.
6. Insert a ________________ in the ________________.
7. Get a ________________ water ________________.
8. ________________ put a sweater on.
9. Betty’s at the ________________.
10. It’s ________________ hotter and ________________.
11. Patty ________________ write a better ________________.
12. Freida had a ________________ metal ________________.
C. RULE 3: THE HELD T

T at the bottom of a staircase is in the held position. By held, I mean that the tongue is
in the T position, but the air isn't released. To compare, when you say T as in Tom,
there's a sharp burst of air over the tip of the tongue, and when you say Betty, there's a
soft puff of air over the tip of the tongue. When you hold a T, as in hot, your tongue is in
the position for T, but you keep the air in.

Exercise 7.3:
1. She hit the hut with her .
2. We went to that 'Net to get what we needed.
3. Pat was , wasn't she?
4. What? my back!

22
 5. hot, late, fat, goat, hit, put, not, hurt, what, set, paint, wait, sit, dirt, note, fit,
lot, light, suit, point, incident, tight

D. RULE 4: HELD T BEFORE N

[t] and [n] are very close in the mouth; therefore, if you have an N immediately
after a T, you don't pop the T—the tongue is in the T position—but you release
the air with the N, not the T. There is no [t] and no [ə].

Make a special point of not letting your tongue release from the top of your
mouth before you drop into the [n]; otherwise, bu(tt)on would sound like two
words: but-ton. An unstressed T or TT followed by N is held. Read the
following words and sentences out loud. Make sure that the underlined Ts
are held. Remember, there is no "uh" sound before the [n].

Note Another point to remember is that you need a sharp upward sliding intonation up to
the "held T," then a quick drop for the N.
Speech Rules for TN combinations:

1. Tongue is HELD in the T position (touches the hard bump)

2. Air comes out with the N (through the nose)
3. Intonation goes up to HELD T and drops sharply to N.

Beaten Curtain Latin put an

(v):bị đánh (n):cái rèm (n): La-tinh satin
Bitten Forgotten Maintenance (n): sa-tanh
(v):bị cắn (v):quên (n):bảo trì sentence
Britain Fountain Martin student
(n): nước Anh (n):cái bồn Mitten written
Button Frightened (n):găng tay went in
(n): cái nút (adj):hoảng sợ Mountain Whitney
Carton Garden (n):núi
(n):bìa cac-tông (n):cái vườn
didn‘t
Mutant
Certain gotten (n):sinh vật đột
couldn‘t
(adj):chắc chắn important biến wouldn‘t
Cotton (adj):quan trọng not in
(n):vải cotton kitten patent
(n):mèo con (n):bằng sáng chế

Exercise 7.4 – HELD T before N

Underline the HELD T’s before N in the following sentences.

1. He's forgotten the of satin mittens.

2. She's that he has it.

23
 3. The is not in the fountain.
4. The hikers went in the .
5. has gotten a kitten.
6. Students study Latin in .
7. Whitney has a patent on those sentences.
8. He has not what was about the on the
.
9. It's not that it was from the _ .
10. You need to orange on that window.
11. We like that better than the of

.
12. The hotel is in Seattle.
13. The witness had the message.
14. The child wasn't because he had the .

E. RULE 5: THE SILENT T.

[t] and [n] are so close in the mouth that the [t] after [n] can simply disappear.
Repeat.

1. interview innerview 7. international innernational

(n): cuộc phỏng vấn 8. advantage ədvæn'j
2. interface innerface (n): lợi ích
(n): giao diện 9. percentage percen'j
3. Internet innernet (n):phần trăm
4. interstate innerstate 10. twenty twenny
(n): liên bang 11. printout prinnout
5. interrupt innerrupt (n): bản in
(v):làm gián đoạn 12. printer prinner
6. interfere innerfere (n): máy in
(v): gây trở ngại 13. winter winner
7. interactive inneractive (n): m a đông
14. enter enner

Exercise 7.5: Rule 5 - The Silent T

Underline the SILENT T’s in the following sentences.

1. He had a great interview. 10. They don't even want it.

24
 Anh ấy đã có một cuộc phỏng vấn tuyệt vời Họ thậm chí còn không muốn nó.
2. Try to enter the information. 11. They won't ever try.
Hãy cố nhập thông tin. Họ sẽ chẳng bao giờ cố gắng.
3. Turn the printer on. 12. What's the point of it?
Hãy bật máy in lên Ý nghĩa của việc này là gì?
4. Finish the printing. 13. She's the intercontinental representative.
Hãy hoàn thành việc in ấn Cô ấy là nhà đại diện liên l c địa.
5. She's at the international center. 14. Hasn't he?
Cô ấy đang ở trung tâm quốc tế. 15. Isn't he?
6. It's twenty degrees in Toronto. 16. Aren't I?
Nhiệt độ ở Toronto đang là 20 độ.
17. Won't he?
7. I don't understand it.
Tôi không hiểu điều đó.
17. Doesn't he
8. She invented it in Santa Monica. 18. Wouldn't it?
Cô ấy đã phát minh ra nó ở Santa Monica 19. Didn't I?
9. He can't even do it.
Anh ấy thậm chí không thể làm nó

Exercise 7.6: Combinations in Context

Listen and fill in the blanks.

1. I don't know .
2. like .
3. said .
4. I know .
5. think .
6. He said , he'll help.
7. this way?
8. We want something _ .
9. You'll like it, later.
10. for .
11. accomplished.
12. forgets?
13. OK, something?
14. I think now.
15. She , broke down.
16. We think .
17. They don't know .

25
 UNIT 8 - UNVOICED “TH” SOUND
A. SPEECH RULES – UNVOICED TH SOUND:
- Step1: Flat tongue sticking out – BITE down slightly
- Step2: Maintain steady airflow – FRICTION sound – 3s

B. PRACTICE:
Beginning Middle End
Thanks /θæŋks/ Anything /‘eniθɪŋ/ Bath /bæθ/
n :c m n n : b t c th g (n): t m
Thick /θɪk/ Bathmat /‘bæθmæt/ North /nɔ:rθ/
(adj): d y (n) th m n : h ng b c
Thunder/‘θʌndər/ Toothpick /‘tu:θpɪk/ Beneath /bɪ‘ni:θ/
n : s m sét (n): t m (adv): d i
Thursday /‘θɜ:rzdeɪ/ Athletic /æθ‘letɪk/ Fourth /fɔ:rθ/
n th N m adj : thu c v i n kinh adv : th t
Think /θɪŋk/ Mouthwash /‘maʊθwɑ:ʃ/ South /saʊθ/
(adj): nghĩ n :n c rửa m m s c n : ph a nam
mi ng

C. SENTENCE PRACTICE <PAIR WORK>

1. Have you seen Thor? Do you like it?
Bạn đã xem phim “Thor” chưa? Bạn có thích nó không?
2. What do you think about him?
Bạn nghĩ gì về anh ấy?
3. How often do you take a bath?
Bao lâu bạn tắm một lần?
4. Which day comes after Wednesday?
Sau ngày thứ Tư là ngày thứ mấy?

5. In which countries in Asia do earthquakes often occur?

Ở đất nước nào thuộc châu Á mà động đất thường xuyên xảy ra?
6. Is there anything I can do to help?

26
 Tôi có thể giúp gì bạn được không?
7. I‘m very thirsty. Could you bring me something to drink?
Tôi khát quá. Bạn có thể mang cho tôi thứ gì đó để uống được không?
8. Which way is North?
Đâu là hướng bắc nhỉ?
9. Do you usually wear thongs?
Bạn có thường xuyên đi dép tông không?
D. WATCH YOUR MOUTH!
I thought a thought.
But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought.
If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought,
I wouldn't have thought so much.

27
 UNIT 9 - VOICED TH SOUND

A. SPEECH RULES - VOICED TH SOUND:

Speech Rules
Voiced TH = Unvoiced TH + Voicing

Voiced “TH” at the beginning of words

The /ðə/ The book)
That /ðæt/ That house)
They /ðeɪ/ They came over)
Them /ðem/ Give them water)
There /ðer/ There it is)
This /ðɪs/ This is my nose)
Those /ðoʊz/ Those boys are good)
These /ði:z/ These are my parents)
Voiced “TH” in the middle of words

Clothing /‘kloʊðɪŋ/ (n): quần áo

Leather /‘leðər/ (n): da
Mother /‘mʌðər/ (n): mẹ
Another /ə‘nʌðər/ (adj): một cái khác
Weather /‘weðər/ (n): thời tiết
Northern /‘nɔ:rðərn/ (adj): thuộc về hướng bắc

Voiced “TH” at the end of words

Smooth /smu:ð/ (adj): mượt

Bathe /beɪð/ (v): đi tắm
Breathe /bri:ð/ (v): thở

Words in Context
1. Don‘t a word; it‘s supposed to be a surprise.
2. This purse is made of nice soft .
3. I always watch the after the news.
4. Sarah is responsible for the running of the sales department.
5. It is important to wear protective at all times.
6. His and father are both doctors.
7. I‘m busy right now. Could you come back time?
8. I was tired and in sweat.
B. PAIR WORK
1. What‘s the weather like today?
Thời tiết hôm nay như thế nào?

28
 2. (point to your partner‘s shirt This shirt looks so smooth, how much is it?
(Chỉ vào áo bạn của mình) Chiếc áo này trông thật là mềm mượt, nó bao nhiêu tiền thế?
3. Fansipan‘s located in northern Vietnam, isn‘t it? In which province?
Núi Fansipan nằm ở phía bắc của Việt Nam phải không? Nó ở tỉnh nào vậy?

4. I have to make a call right now. Could we talk another time?

Tôi phải gọi điện thoại ngay bây giờ. Lúc khác chúng ta nói chuyện được không?

5. How many members are there in your family? Who are they? What does your
father/mother/brother do?
Gia đình bạn có bao nhiêu thành viên? Họ là ai? Bố/mẹ/anh trai/em trai bạn làm nghề gì?
6. Do you like this exercise?
Bạn có thích bài tập này không?

7. What do you think about me? What do you think about our teacher?
Bạn nghĩ gì về tôi? Bạn nghĩ gì về giáo viên của chúng ta?
8. I have to go to Royal City in 15 minutes. How can I get there on time?
Tôi phải đi đến Royal City trong 15 phút nữa. Làm thế nào để tôi đến đó đúng giờ đây?

C. SENTENCE PRACTICE:
Thelma /‘θelmə/
Thirty three /‘θɜr:ti θri:/ (number): 33
Thermometers /θər‘mɑ:mətər/ (n): nhiệt kế
Weather /‘weðər/ (n): thời tiết
Author /‘ɑ:θər/ (n): tác giả
Thought /θɑ:t/ (v): nghĩ
Theatre /‘θi:ətər/ (n): rạp hát
Threading /‘θredɪŋ/ (v): xâu, xỏ
Thick /θɪk/ (adj): dày
Thing /θɪŋ/ (n): vật
Thrilling /‘θrɪlɪŋ/ (adj): kịch tính
Through /θru:/ (prep.): xuyên qua
Northern /‘nɔ:rðərn/ (adj): phía Bắc

- Thelma arrived in town last .

- I‘m having trouble this needle.
- I need - thermometers.
- The thing they like best about Athens is the weather.
- This novel was written by a famous .
- He will be with his work at - .
- Now and , she likes to buy new .
- They they were going to Spain.
- Which shall we use for the party?

D. THR BLENDS
Thread /θred/ (v): xâu, xỏ ―thread the needle
Throw /θroʊ/ (v): ném ―throw the ball
Throat /θroʊt/ (n): cổ họng ―my throat is sore
29
Thrill /θrɪl/ (v): làm cho xúc động ―a thrilling ride
Three /θri:/ (number): số 3 ―three more days
Threw /θru:/ (v): ném ―he threw the ball
Throne /θroʊn/ (n): ngai vàng ―the king sits on a throne

30
 UNIT 10 - SH & ZSH SOUNDS
A. SPEECH RULES
1. Begin with s
2. Move your mouth & lips forward
3. Flat tongue behind top teeth
4. Thin stream of airflow

YOUR DRAWING

B. SH PRACTICE WORDS:
Beginning:
She /ʃi:/ 1. Who is she? (point to the picture above)
(n): cô ấy Cô ấy là ai? (chỉ vào bức tranh phía trên)
Sugar /‘ʃʊgər/
(n): đường ăn 2. What are you sure about your future?
Sure /ʃʊr/ Bạn chắc chắn điều gì về tương lai của bạn?
(n): chắc chắn 3. Do you like going shopping? Are you
Shadow /‘ʃædoʊ/ a shopaholic?
(n): bóng
Sheep /ʃi:p/ Bạn có thích mua sắm không? Bạn có phải là một tín đồ mua
(n): con cừu sắm?
Shirt /ʃɜ:rt/ 4. Where is Chicago?
(n): áo sơ mi Thành phố Chi-ca-gô ở đâu?
Shoe /ʃu:/ 5. People like to wear a shirt and tie to work. Do
(n): giày
you? Mọi người thích mặc áo sơ mi và thắt cà vạt để đi
Shape /ʃeɪp/
làm. Bạn có thích không?
(n): hình dáng
Chicago /ʃɪ‘kɑ:goʊ/ 6. Do you like to have much sugar in your coffee?
Bạn có thích cho nhiều đường vào cà phê của mình không?
Chef /ʃef/
(n): bếp trưởng 7. What size shoe do you take?
Bạn đi giày cỡ bao nhiêu?

31
Middle:
Nation /‘neɪʃən/ 1. Do you like fashion? Why?
(n) : đất nước Bạn có thích thời trang không? Tại sao?
Motion /‘moʊʃən/ 2. What do you think is special about me?
(n) : chuyển động Bạn nghĩ tôi có điều gì đặc biệt?
Mission /‘mɪʃən/ 3. Do you buy insurance for your motorbike? How much?
(n) : nhiệm v
Bạn có mua bảo hiểm cho xe máy của bạn chưa? Bao nhiêu tiền thế?

Special /‘speʃəl/ 4. Do you know when the first facial tissue was
(adj): đặc biệt introduced in (1920s.) Do you have any tissue with you
Reputation /repjʊ‘teɪʃən/ now?
(n): danh tiếng Bạn có biết khi nào mà cái giấy lau mặt đầu tiên được ra mất
Official /ə‘fɪʃəl/ không?(1920s) Bạn có cái khăn giấy nào vào lúc này không?
(adj): chính thức 5. Do you like action films? Which action film do you like
Machine /mə‘ʃi:n/ best?
(n): m y m c 6. Bạn có thích phim hành động không? Phim hành động nào
Fishing /‘fɪʃɪŋ/ mà bạn thích nhất?
(v): đánh cá 7. Do you like to swim in the ocean?
Insurance /ɪn‘ʃʊrəns/ Bạn có thích bơi ở dưới đại dương không?
(n): bảo hiểm 8. What is your mission in this course? Of your life?
Sunshine /‘sʌnʃaɪn/ Nhiêm v của bạn trong khóa học này là gì? Sứ mệnh của cuộc
(n): ánh mặt trời đời bạn là gì?
Ocean /‘oʊʃən/ 9. Have you ever gone fishing?
(n): đại dương Bạn đã đi câu cá bao giờ chưa?
Tissue /‘tɪʃu:/ 10. Do you know how to use a copy machine? A fax
(n): khăn giấy machine?
Addition /ə‘dɪʃən/ Bạn có biết sử d ng một cái máy copy không? Cả máy ax nữa?
(n): thêm vào
Subtraction /səb‘trækʃən/
(n): trừ đi

End:
Rush /rʌʃ/ 1. Which language are you studying here?
(adj): vội vã Bạn đang học ngôn ngữ gì ở đây?
Dish /dɪʃ/ 2. Do you think studying English is fun? Why?
(adj): món ăn Bạn có nghĩ rằng tiếng Anh thú vị không? Vì sao vậy?
Establish/ɪ‘stæblɪʃ/ 3. What wish did you make on your latest birthday?
(v): thành lập
Bạn đã ước gì vào ngày sinh nhật gần đây nhất?
Splash /splæʃ/
4. Had you finished your homework before class today?
(v): vẩy, té, làm bắn
Bạn đã hoàn thành bài tập về nhà trước khi lên lớp hôm nay chưa?
Irish /‘aɪərɪʃ/
(n): tiếng Ai-len 5. Do you often have fresh fruit and vegestables in your
Fresh /freʃ/ meal? Which fruit do you like?
(adj): tươi Bạn có thường xuyên ăn hoa quả tươi và rau ở trong bữa ăn
Finish /‘fɪnɪʃ/ không? Loại quả nào mà bạn thích?
(v): kết thúc 6. Do you know when E-LAB ENGLISH established
the first branch in Hanoi?
Bạn có biết E-LAB mở cơ sở đầu tiên ở Hà Nội vào lúc nào không?

32
C. SENTENCE PRACTICE:
Ashamed /ə‘ʃeɪmd/ (n): xấu hổ
Sharon /‘ʃærən/
Washington /‘wɑ:ʃɪŋtən/
Shower /ʃaʊr/ (n): vòi hoa sen
Seashell /‘si:ʃel/ (n): vỏ sò biển
Social /‘soʊʃəl/ (adj): thuộc về xã hội
Sharp /ʃɑ:rp/ (adj): sắc bén
Offshore /ɑ:f‘ʃɔ:r/ (adv): ngoài khơi
Precious /‘preʃəs/ (adj): qu{ giá
Station /‘steɪʃən/ (n): nhà ga
Fashion /‘fæʃən/ (n): thời trang
Sell /sel/ (n): bán
Seashore /‘si:ʃɔ:r/ (n): bờ biển
Cooperation /koʊɑ:pə‘reɪʃən/ (n): sự hợp tác
Pressure /‘preʃər/ (n): áp lực
Caution /‘kɑ:ʃən/ (n): cảnh báo

 The trip was planned and we left to go to the .

 Was the ashamed to use the ?

 Sharon gave a _ performance.

 He will be stationed in Washington, D.C, the ‘s capital.

 She went to a show after taking a .

 She sells seashells by the seashore.

 The club was praised for their .

 Joe‘s weather _ shows a sharp drop in air , especially

.

 Ships in_________on the___________should be sure to use______________.

D. CONVERSATION PRACTICE – A SPECIAL WASHING MACHINE:

Mrs Marsh : (a) Does this shop sell washing machines?

Cửa hàng mình có bán máy giặt không anh?
Mr Shaw : Yes. This is the latest washing machine.
Dạ có thưa chị. Đây là cái máy giặt mới nhất của chúng tôi.
Mrs Marsh : (b) Is it Swedish?
Nó là hàng của Th y Điển phải không anh?
Mr Shaw : No, madam. It‘s English.
Không chị ạ, nó sản xuất ở Anh.
Mrs Marsh : (c) Could you show me how it washes?
Anh có thể cho tôi xem nó hoạt động thế nào được không?
Mr Shaw : (d) Shall I give you a demonstration? This one is our special
demonstration machine. It‘s so simple. e You take some sheets and shirts .
(f) You put them in the machine . (g) You shut this door . And you
push this button.

33
 Tôi sẽ làm thử cho chị xem nhé. Đây là cái máy giặt thử đặc biệt của chúng
tôi. Nó rất là đơn giản. Chị lấy một vài cái ga giường và một vài cái áo. Chị
cho nó vào trong cái máy giặt. Chị đóng cửa máy giặt lại. Và chị ấn vào cái nút
này.
Mrs Marsh : h The machine shouldn‘t shake like that, should it?
Máy giặt thì không nên bị rung như thế đúng không anh?
Mr Shaw : Washing machines always shake, madam... Ah! It‘s finished now.
Máy giặt nào thì cũng rung thôi chị ạ. À! Máy giặt xong rồi.
Mrs Marsh : (i) But the sheets have shrunk , and so have the shirts.
Nhưng mấy cái ga giường bị co lại kìa, và cả máy cái áo cũng thế nữa
Mr Shaw : (j) Do you wish to buy this machine, madam?
Thế chị có muốn mua cái máy này không?
Mrs Marsh : I‘m not sure.
Tôi cũng không chắc nữa.

Listen to the dialog and notice that the intonation sometimes GOES UP .
Then read the dialog and write a-j against the numbers 1-4 below.

1. a (five Yes/No questions)

2. (one question tag where the speaker is not sure of the answer)
3. (three sentences which are a list of instructions about how
to do something)
4. ________(one unfinished statement)

E. ZSH SOUND
ZSH = SH + Voicing
Tip: Touch your throat to feel the vibration

F. WORD PRACTICE
Usual /‘ju:ʒuəl/ 1. Women usually live longer than men. Do you think
it is true? Why or why not?
(adj): thông thường
Unusual /ʌn‘ju:ʒuəl/ Ph nữ thường sống lâu hơn đàn ông. Bạn có thấy đúng
không? Tại sao có hay tại sao không?
(adj): khác thường
Usually /‘ju:ʒuəli/ 2. What do you usually do in your free time?
(adv): thường thường Bạn thường làm gì vào thời gian rảnh?

Vision /‘vɪʒən/ 3. Have you ever made an important decision? What

(n): góc nhìn was that?
Visual /‘vɪʒuəl/ Bạn đã bao giờ đưa ra một quyết định quan trọng chưa? Nó
(adj): trực quan là quyết định gì?

Conclusion /kən‘klu:ʒən/ 4. What television show do you like?

(n): kết luận

34
Asia /‘eɪʒə/ Chương trình ti vi yêu thích của bạn là gì?

(n): Châu Á 5. Have you ever had a massage?

Version /‘vɜ:rʒən/ Bạn đã đi mát-xa bao giờ chưa?
(n): phiên bản
(No  Do you want to try once? Why?)
Division /dɪ‘vɪʒən/
(Chưa  Vậy bạn có muốn thử một lần không? Tại sao?)
(n): phòng/ban
(Yes  How did you feel?)
Casual /‘kæʒjuəl/
(adj): không trang trọng (Rồi  Bạn cảm thấy thế nào?)

Television /‘telɪvɪʒən/ 6. Do you like living in Asia? Why or why not?

(n): Tivi Bạn có thích sống ở Châu Á không? Tại sao có hay tại sao
Beige /beɪʒ/ không?
(n) : màu be
7. Is beige your favourite colour?
Massage /mə‘sɑ:ʒ/
Màu be có phải là màu bạn yêu thích không?
(n) : Mát-xa
Prestige /pres‘ti:ʒ/
(n) : uy tín

35
 UNIT 11 – CHURCH & JUDGE
A. SPEECH RULES:

CH tʃ = T + SH

T: tongue pops the air

SH: mouth forward – rounded lips

• Tongue as in T (touches the hard bump, compress the air)

• Mouth & lips move FORWARD as in SH

• POP a THIN stream of air

YOUR DRAWING

CH AT THE BEGINNING OF WORDS

China /‘tʃaɪnə/
(n): Trung Quốc
Cherry /‘tʃeri/
(n): quả cheri
Charge /tʃɑ:rdʒ/
(v): sạc
Chocolate /‘tʃɑ:klət/
Challenge /‘tʃælɪndʒ/
(n): thách thức
Cheese /tʃi:z/
(n): pho mát
Chunk /tʃʌŋk/
(n) khúc (gỗ), khoanh bánh
Chairman /‘tʃermən/
(n): chủ tọa
1. Do you like things made in China?
Bạn có thích đồ Trung Quốc không?
2. What do people usually give others on Valentine‘s Day?
Mọi người thường tặng nhau gì vào ngày Lễ Tình Yêu?
3. Have you ever received chocolate as a gift? When?
Bạn đã bao giờ nhận được quà là sô cô la chưa? Khi nào?
4. What is your biggest challenge in studying English?
Đâu là thách thức lớn nhất của bạn khi học tiếng Anh?
5. Do you like to eat toast with cheese?
Bạn thích ăn bánh mì nướng kèm pho mát không?
6. Do you like potato chip?
Bạn có thích khoai tây chiên không?
7. How many children do you want to have in the future?
Trong tương lai bạn muốn có mấy bé?
8. How often do you recharge your cell phone?
Bao lâu bạn xạc lại điện thoại ?

36
CH IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS:
Key chain /tʃeɪn/
(n): ch m chìa khóa 1. What do you think about our teacher?
Lunch box /lʌntʃ/ (n): Bạn nghĩ gì về giáo viên của chúng ta?
hộp đựng cơm trưa
Richard /‘rɪtʃərd/ 2. Could you please tell me the definition of “beach ball”?
Picture /‘pɪktʃər/
(n): bức tranh Bạn có thể làm ơn nói cho tôi biết định nghĩa của “beach ball” không?
Teacher /‘ti:tʃər/ (n): 3. My hobby is to take pictures and post them on Facebook.
giáo viên
What about you?
Fortune /‘fɔ:rtʃən/
(n) : vận mệnh, của cải Sở thích của tôi là ch p ảnh và đăng lên Facebook? Bạn thì sao?
Nature /‘neɪtʃər/
(n) : thiên nhiên 4. When someone speaks too fast, people often don‘t ―get
Beach ball /bi:tʃ/ the picture‖? What is the meaning of the word ‗picture‘
(n): bóng chơi bãi biển here?
Khi ai đó nói quá nhanh, mọi người thường không get the
picture? Nghĩa của từ “picture” ở đây là gì?

5. May I ask you a personal question?

Tôi có thể hỏi bạn một câu hỏi riêng tư được không?

CH AT THE END OF WORDS:

Detach /dɪ‘tætʃ/ 1. Have you ever been to the beach?
(v): tách ra Bạn đã bao giờ đi biển chưa?
Teach /ti:tʃ/
2. Can you teach me how to set a password on your phone?
(v): dạy
Bạn có thể chỉ tôi cách đặt mật khẩu trên điện thoại không?
Porch /pɔ:rtʃ/
(n): cổng vòm 3. How can you switch off the light?
March /mɑ:rtʃ/ Làm sao bạn có thể tắt đèn được?
(n): tháng Ba 4. Did you see the news report on TV last night? Gas prices
Patch /pætʃ/ increased again.
(n): miếng vá Bạn đã đọc bản tin trên TV tối qua chưa? Giá gas lại tăng.
Wrench /rentʃ/ 5. What TV program do you usually watch?
(n): sự giật mạnh Chương trình TV nào bạn thường xem?
Coach /koʊtʃ/ 6. What did you have for lunch today?
(n): xe bus đường dài
Bạn ăn trưa gì hôm nay?
Approach /ə‘proʊtʃ/
7. Could you teach me how to pronounce CH sound?
(n): sự tiếp cận
Bạn có thể dạy tôi cách phát âm âm CH không?
8. Do you want to marry a rich man/woman? Why?
Bạn có muốn lấy một người giàu có không? Tại sao

B. AMERICAN J SOUND:
• American J (dʒ) = CH + voicing
• Comparing J(dʒ) and ZSH(ʒ)

37
J AT THE BEGINNING OF WORDS
Juice /dʒu:s/
(n): nước ép
1. My idol is the boy group Super Junior. What about
Jump /dʒʌmp/ you? (Girls Generation)
(v): nhảy Thần tượng của tớ là nhóm nhạc nam Super unior. Cậu thì sao?
Juggle /‘dʒʌgl / (v): tung
hứng
2. I have never been to Japan. Have you? Do you like
Jury /‘dʒʊri/ going there?
(n): bồi thẩm đoàn Chưa bao giờ tớ đi Nhật. Cậu thì sao? Có thích tới đó không?
Japan /dʒə‘pæn/
(n): Nhật Bản 3. What is your (future) job?
Giant /‘dʒaɪənt/ Công việc (tương lai) của bạn là gi?
(adj): khổng lồ
Genetic /dʒə‘netɪk/ 4. Which months begin with letter J?
(adj): di truyền Junior Tháng nào bắt đầu với chữ J?
/‘dʒu:njər/ (n): người
5. Do you know any jokes? Can you tell me?
trẻ tuổi hơn
Generate /‘dʒenə reɪt/ Cậu biết câu chuyện cười nào không? Có thể kể tớ nghe không?
(v): tạo ra
German /‘dʒɜ:rmən/ 6. Which fruit juice do you like? Why?
(adj): thuộc nước Đức Hôm nay bạn thích nước ép quả nào? Tại sao?

7. How do we call a person who is from Germany?

Bạn gọi một người đến từ Đức là gì?

J IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS:

Algebra /‘ældʒəbrə/
(n): môn đại số
Legend /‘ledʒənd/
(n): huyền thoại
Magic /‘mædʒɪk/
(n): ma thuật
Subject /‘sʌbdʒekt/
(n): môn học
Digest /daɪ‘dʒest/
(v): tiêu hóa
Rejoice /rɪ‘dʒɔɪs/
(v): vui mừng
Objective /əb‘dʒektɪv/
(n): m c tiêu
Majesty /‘mædʒəsti/
(n): Ngài, Bệ Hạ
Educate /‘edʒukeɪt/
(v): giáo d c
Suggestion /səg‘dʒestʃə n/
(n): sự gợi {
1. Imagine that you‘ve just won 100 million dollars. What
would you do?
Tưởng tượng bạn vừa thắng được 100 triệu đô? Bạn sẽ làm gì?
2. Should we educate children at home or at school? Why?
Chúng ta nên giáo d c con cái mình ở nhà hay tại trường? Tại sao?
3. Your hair smells good. What shampoo are you having?
(Rejoice)
Tóc bạn thơm quá. Bạn d ng dầu gội gì vậy?
4. What characteristics should a good manager have?
Đặc điểm nào một giám đốc giỏi nên có?
5. I love algebra. What about you?
Tớ yêu môn đại số. Cậu thì sao?
6. Michael Jackson was a legend in his own lifetime. Do
you think so?
Michael Jackson là một huyền thoại trong suốt cuộc đời ông? Bạn
có nghĩ vậy không?
7. Do you believe in magic?
Bạn có tin vào ma thuật không?
8. I don‘t have any plans for this weekend. Any suggestions?

38
 Tớ không có bất kì kế hoạch nào cho cuối tuần này? Có gợi ý gì
không?

J AT THE END OF WORDS:

Age /eɪdʒ/
(n): tuổi 1. Which subject do you like best at your college?
College /‘kɑ:lɪdʒ/ (n):
Hồi học cao đẳng bạn thích môn gì nhất?
trường cao đẳng
Postage /‘poʊstɪdʒ/ 2. Have you seen ―Ice age‖? Do you like it?
(n): bưu phí
Stage /steɪdʒ/ Bạn đã xem “Kỉ băng Hà “ chưa? Có thích nó không?
(n): giai đoạn
Pledge /pledʒ/ 3. Do you prefer living in a city or in a village?
(v): hứa, cam kết
Bạn thích sống ở thành phố hay làng quê?
Village /‘vɪlɪdʒ/
(n) : ngôi làng
4. On average, men still earn more than women. Do you belive
Average /‘ævərɪdʒ/
(n) : trung bình in that?
Page /peɪdʒ/ Đàn ông trung bình kiếm được nhiều tiền hơn ph nữ? Bạn có tin điều
(n) : trang đó không?
Courage /‘kɜ:rɪdʒ/
(n): sự can đảm 5. Do you think Jim has a good knowlegde of English?
Knowledge /‘nɑ:lɪdʒ/
(n): kiến thức Bạn có nghĩ im có kiến thức tiếng Anh tốt không?

6. Which page are we looking at?

Bạn đang nhìn trang nào vậy?

39
 UNIT 12 - AMERICAN INTONATION
Targets:
1. How to stress (Sound Control)
2. What to stress (Meaning Control)
3. Speak in flow (with connection)

A. HOW TO STRESS?
 Get louder or raise the volume
 Streeeeeeetch the word out or lengthen the word that you want to draw
attention to
 Change pitch

B. THE AMERICAN INTONATION: DO’s & DON’Ts

 Do not speak word by word

 Connect words to form sound groups

 Use staircase intonation

C. WHAT TO STRESS? – CONTENT WORDS & FUNCTION WORDS

 Content Words carry meaning.
 Function Words help create grammatical structures.

Content Words

 Noun (Eg: Jennifer, bee, beauty)

 Adjectives (Eg: exciting, wonderful)
 Verbs (main verbs; Eg: grew, have GROWN)
 Adverbs (Eg: slowly, widely)
 Numbers (Eg: two, hundreds, first)
 Question words (Eg: What? How? Why?)
 Long prepositions (more than one syllable; Eg: against, over)

40
  Demonstrative pronouns: This, that, these, those
 Interjections (Eg: Ow! Ouch!)

Function Words

 Most pronouns (Eg: personal: I, you; object: me, them)

 Forms of ―to be‖ as main verb
 Modal verbs (Eg: can, should)
 Auxiliary verbs (―helping verbs‖) (Eg: had been wasted)
 Short prepositions (Eg: on, of, to)
 Possessive Adjectives (Eg: your, his, their, our)
 Articles (Eg: the, a, an)
 Conjunctions (Eg: and, but, so)

TIPS:

- When we speak in phrases and at the sentence level, we usually stress content words and
not function words. A stress word is said: more loudly, longer, and at a higher pitch.

- When a content word has more than one syllable, the stressed syllable will be said: more
loudly, longer, and at a higher pitch.

Exercise 12.1:
Highlight the stress in all content words. Then listen and repeat. Be sure to stress the content words.
Example:
I choose to see all that is interesting and beautiful.

2. Autumn is coming. (M a thu đang đến)

3. The caterpillar answered in a bored tone. (Con sâu bướm hồi đáp lại với giọng buồn tẻ)

4. I love to see the shining moon on a cool, autumn night. (Tôi yêu việc ngắm nhìn mặt
trăng mọc vào một đêm m a thu mát mẻ)

5. If you want a better view, climb upward. (Nếu bạn muốn có một góc nhìn tốt hơn thì hãy
trèo lên trên)

6. The climb had been exhausting. (Chuyến leo trèo đó đã rất mệt)

The caterpillar found itself being lifted into the wind. (Con sâu bướm thấy nó đang được gió nâng
lên)

D. BASIC RULES FOR INTONATION

Example: I don‘t know.

Rule 1: Alternate the stress

41
 Rule 2: Personal Name – stress the Last Name

Eg: Bob SMITH

Rule 3: Stress important words

 Adj + NOUN Eg: my CAR

 Adv + ADJ Eg: too LATE
 Prep + NOUN/PRONOUN Eg: for YOU

Rule 4: Compound Noun

 Descriptive Phrase: a hot DOG (adj + NOUN)

 Compound Noun: stress on the 1st noun Eg: a HOT dog

Rule 5: Phrasal Verbs

 Verb + PREP: come IN

 Verb + ADV: sit DOWN

Rule 6: Negative words are usually unstressed.

Rule 7: Pronouns are usually unstressed.

Rule 8: Speak with emotions

E. PRACTICE – SPEAK IN FLOW: SYLLABLE PATTERNS

Exercise 12.2: Syllable Patterns
In order to practice accurate pitch change, repeat the following column. Each syllable will count as one musical
note. Remember that words that end in a vowel or a voiced consonant will be longer than ones ending in an
unvoiced consonant

Pattern 1a
la!
Cat Get Stop
Con mèo Lấy Dừng lại
Jump Quick Which
Nhảy Nhanh Cái nào
Box Cái Choice Bit
hộp Sự lựa chọn Một ít
Loss Beat
Mất mát Nhịp đập

Pattern 1b

42
 la-a
Dog Law Bid
Con chó Luật Trả giá
See Goes Bead
Nhìn Đi Hạt cườm
Plan Choose Car
Kế hoạch Lựa chọn Ô tô
Lose Know Biết
Thua

Pattern 2a
la-la
a dog Bob Smith for you
con chó (tên người) dành cho bạn
a cat my car Who knows?
con mèo ô tô của tôi Ai biết?
destroy some more Cassette
phá hủy thêm một chút nữa Băng cát-xét
a pen red tape Ballet
cái bút cuộn băng màu đỏ Ba-lê
pretend enclose Valet
giả vờ đính kèm Người ph c v
your job consume to do
nghề của bạn tiêu d ng làm
pea soup my choice today
súp đậu sự lựa chọn của tôi ngày hôm nay
How's work? tonight
Công việc thế nào? tối nay

Pattern 2b
la-la
hot dog Wristwatch Phone book
Đồng hồ đeo Danh bạ điện thoại
icy tay Textbook Doorknob
băng giá Sách giáo khoa Tay nắm cửa
suitcase bookshelf Notebook
va li giá sách Quyển sổ
project sunshine house key
dự án ánh mặt trời chìa khóa nhà
sunset placemat ballot
hoàng hôn miếng vải lót đĩa phiếu bầu
Get one! stapler valid
Lấy một cái đi cái dập ghim hợp l{

Get one! modern dog show

Lấy một cái đi hiện đại buổi biểu diễn chó
Do it! modem want ad
Hãy làm đi. mô - đem mẩu rao vặt

43
Pattern 3a
la-la-la
Bob's hot dog Worms eat dirt. Joe has three.
Giun ăn đất oe có 3 cái.
Bob won't know. Inchworms inch. Bob has eight.
Bob sẽ không biết Sâu đo đi chậm Bob có 8 cái.
Sam's the boss. Pets need care. Al jumped up.
Sam là ông chủ Thú nuôi cần sự chăm sóc Al nhảy lên.
Susie's nice. Ed's too late. Glen sat down.
Susie rất tốt Ed đến quá muộn Glen ngồi xuống.
Bill went home. Paul threw up. Tom made lunch.
Bill về nhà Paul bị nôn Tom nấu bữa trưa.
Cats don't care. Wool can itch. Kids should play.
Những con mèo không Len có thể gây ngứa Trẻ em nên chơi đ a
quan tâm Birds sing songs. Mom said, "No!"
Stocks can fall. Cổ Chim hót Mẹ nói: “Không!”.
phiếu có thể giảm Spot has fleas. Mars is red.
School is fun. Spot có bọ chét Sao hỏa có màu đỏ.
Trường học rất vui Nick's a punk. Ned sells cars.
Nick là một tên lười Ned bán ô tô.

Pattern 3b
la-la-la
a hot dog Make a cake. IBM
Làm một cái bánh
I don't know. He forgot. a good time
Tôi không biết. Anh ấy đã quên. Một khoảng thời gian tốt
He's the boss. Take a bath. Use your head!
Anh ấy là ông chủ. Đi tắm. Hãy động não đi!
We cleaned We're too late. How are you?
up. Chúng tôi đã quá muộn. Bạn có khỏe không?
Chúng tôi đã dọn dẹp hết I love you. We came home.
in the bag Tôi yêu bạn Chúng tôi đã về nhà.
Trong cái túi over here on the bus.
for a while Ở đây này Trên xe bu{t.
một thời gian dài What a jerk! Engineer
I went home. Đúng là một tên ngốc. Kĩ sư.
Tôi đã về nhà. How's your job? She fell down.
We don't care. Công việc thế nào? Cô ấy đã ngã xuống.
Chúng tôi không quan tâm How'd it go? They called back.
It's in March. Mọi việc thế nào? Họ đã gọi lại.
Nó rơi vào tháng 3. Who'd you meet? You goofed up.
Bạn đã gặp ai? Bạn đã làm hỏng chuyện rồi

44
Pattern 3c
la-la-la
a hot dog percentage Ohio
(%) phần trăm
I don't know! advantage his football
Tôi không biết lợi thế quả bóng đá của anh ấy
Jim killed it. Jim It's starting. They're leaving.
đã giết nó rồi. Bắt đầu rồi đấy. Họ đang rời đi.
Tomorrow Let's try it. How are you?
Ngày mai. Hãy thử làm nào. Bạn có khỏe không?
a fruitcake Financial Emphatic
Bánh hoa quả Tài chính Nhấn mạnh
the engine I thought so. Dale planned it.
động cơ Tôi đã nghĩ như vậy Dale đã lên kế hoạch
a wineglass on Wednesday You took it.
Ly uống rượu vang vào ngày thứ tư Bạn đã lấy nó.
Potato in April External
Củ khoai tây. vào tháng tư Bên ngoài
Whatever I love you. a bargain
Cái gì cũng được Tôi yêu bạn Một sự mặc cả
Let's tell him. Don't touch it.
Hãy nói cho anh ấy Đừng chạm vào nó.

Pattern 3d
la-la-la
hot dog stand Alphabet phone number
Bảng chữ cái số điện thoại
I don't know. Possible think about
Tôi không biết Có thể Nghĩ về
Analyze Show me one. Comfortable
Phân tích cho tôi xem một cái Thoải mái
Article Area waiting for
Bài báo Khu vực chờ đợi
Dinnertime Punctuate pitiful
Giờ ăn tối Chấm câu đáng tiếc
Digital Emphasis everything
Kỹ thuật số Sự nhấn mọi thứ
Analog mạnh orchestra
Tương tự (kĩ thuật) Syllable dàn nhạc
cell structure Âm tiết ignorant
Cấu trúc tế bào PostIt note Thiếu giáo d c
Giấy dán ghi chú Rubbermaid
Rolodex
Hộp đựng danh thiếp

45
Pattern 4a
la-la-la-la
Spot's a hot dog. Nate needs a break. Max wants to know.
Nate cần được nghỉ. Max muốn biết.
Jim killed a snake. Ed took my car. Al's kitchen floor
im đã giết một con rắn Ed đã lấy xe ô tô của tôi Sàn bếp của Al
Joe doesn't know. Jill ate a steak. Bill's halfway there.
oe không biết ill đã ăn 1 miếng bít tết Bill còn nửa đường là tới.
Nate bought a book. Spain's really far. Roses are red,
Nate đã mua 1 cuốn sách Tây Ban Nha ở rất xa Hoa hồng thì màu đỏ.
Al brought some ice. Jake's in the lake. Violets are blue,
Al đã mang một ít đá ake ở trong cái hồ Hoa violet thì màu xanh
Sam's in a bar. Candy is sweet,
Sam đang ở trong bar Kẹo thì ngọt ngào
and so are you.
Và em cũng vậy
Pattern 4b
la-la-la-la
It's a hot dog. She asked for help. I want to know.
Cô ấy đã nhờ giúp đỡ. Anh muốn được biết.
He killed a snake. We took my car. the kitchen floor
Anh ấy đã giết 1 con rắn. Chúng tôi đã lấy ô tô của Sàn bếp
He doesn't know. tôi. We watched TV.
Anh ấy không biết. We need a break. Chúng tôi đã xem TV.
We came back in. Chúng tôi cần được nghỉ. She's halfway there.
Chúng tôi đã quay trở lại. It's really far. Cô ấy còn nửa đường nữa là
He bought a book. Nó rất là xa. tới.
Anh ấy đã mua 1 cuốn I love you, too. We played all day.
sách Tôi cũng yêu bạn. Chúng tôi đã chơi cả ngày.
They got away. Please show me how.
Họ đã đi rồi. Xin hãy chỉ cho tôi làm thế nào.

46
Pattern 4c
la-la-la-la
Bob likes hot dogs. Boys ring doorbells. Phil knows mailmen.
Các cậu bé rung chuông Phill biết người đưa thư
Ann eats pancakes. cửa Joe grew eggplants.
Ann ăn bánh kếp Bill ate breakfast. oe đã trồng cà tím
Cats eat fish Bill đã ăn bữa sáng Humpty Dumpty
bones. Lũ mèo ăn Guns are lethal.
Súng làm chết người Hawks are vicious.
xương cá Bears are
Inchworms bug me. Diều hâu thì hoang dã
fuzzy.
Sâu đo làm phiền tôi Homework bores them.
Lũ gấu thì lắm lông
Planets rotate. Ragtops cost more. Bài tập về nhà làm họ chán
Các hành tinh quay vòng Xe mui trần giá đắt hơn
Mike can hear you.
Salesmen sell things. Mike có thể nghe thấy bạn
Người bán hàng bán các
thứ

Pattern 4d
la-la-la-la
It's my hot dog. an alarm clock He said "lightbulb." Anh
Đồng hồ báo thức ấy đã nói “bóng đèn” What
Imitation I don't need one. does 'box' mean?
Sự bắt Tôi không cần cái đó Từ “box” nghĩa là gì?
chước Ring the doorbell. Put your hands up.
Analytic Rung chuông cửa đi Đưa tay lên nào bạn ơi.
Phân tích What's the matter? Where's the mailman?
We like science. Có chuyện gì thế. Người đưa thư đâu?
Chúng tôi thích khoa học Introduction an assembly
my to-do list Giới thiệu Hội đồng
Danh sách việc phải làm my report card Definition
của tôi Sổ liên lạc của tôi
Định nghĩa
Pattern 4e
la-la-la-la
a hot dog stand potato chip What time is it?
Khoai tây chiên Mấy giờ rồi?
Jim killed a man. Whose turn is it? my phone number
im đã giết 1 người đan Đến lượt ai đây? Số điện thoại của tôi
ông We worked on it. Let's eat something.
Analysis Chúng tôi đã làm việc về Hãy ăn gì đó nào.
Sự phân tích nó. How old are you?
Invisible How tall are you? Bạn bao nhiêu tuổi?
Vô hình Bạn cao bao nhiêu? Untouchable
a platypus Insanity Không thể chạm vào.
Thú mỏ vịt Chứng điên cuồng a maniac
ability Một gã điên kh ng.
Khả năng

47
Pattern 4f
la-la-la-la
permanently Supervisor lighthouse keeper
vĩnh viễn Người giám sát Người gác ngọn hải đăng
demonstrated window cough medicine
Thể hiện cleaner Người Thuốc ho
Category lau cửa sổ business meeting
Loại/m c race car driver Cuộc họp kinh doanh
office supplies tay lái xe đua February feb•yə•wery)
vật d ng văn phòng January jæn-yə- Tháng hai
educator wery) baby-sitter
nhà giáo d c Tháng một Người trông trẻ
progress report Dictionary
Báo cáo tiến độ Từ điển
Thingamajig
(Từ để gọi một thứ đã
quên tên)

48
 UNIT 13 - HEAT OR HIT

 Do you like your tea sweet?

 Yes. Three sugars, please.

A. SPEECH RULES

EE <smile>

 Lips spread out

 Long sound
 Tense

I: <sad>

 Lips are more relaxed

 Short sound
 Lax

B. COMPARING EE & I:
Remember,…
Heat is high
Hit is lower

Heat /hi:t/ – Hit /hɪt/ Keen /ki:n/ – Kin /kɪn/

Deal /di:l/ – Dill /dɪl/ Seek/si:k/ – Sick /sɪk/
Seen /si:n/ – Sin /sɪn/ Reap /ri:p/ – Rip /rɪp/
Teal /ti:l/ - Till /tɪl/ Bean /bi:n/ –Been /bɪn/*

* Bean – I ate a bean (noun - High)

49
* Been – I have been here (verb – low)

C. EE VOWEL SOUND
See /si:/ (v): nhìn Me /mi:/
Each /i:tʃ/ (adj): mỗi Even /‘i:vən/ (adv): thậm chí
Key /ki:/ (n): chìa khóa Green /gri:n/ (adj): xanh
Tree /tri:/ (n): cây Very /‘veri/ (adv): rất
Happy /‘hæpi/ (adj): hạnh phúc Softly /‘sɑ:ftli/ (adv): mềm mại
Mary /‘mæri/ (v): cưới Busy /‘bɪzi/ (adj): bận rộn
Finally /‘faɪnəli/ (adv): cuối c ng Country /‘kʌntri/ (n): đất nước

D. EE PRACTICE
Speed /spi:d/ (v): tăng tốc
Happily /‘hæpɪli/ (adv): hạnh phúc
Rapidly /‘ræpɪdli/ (adv): nhanh
Pony /‘poʊni/ (n): chú ngựa con
Freeway /‘fri:weɪ/ (n): đường cao tốc
Skiing /‘ski:ɪŋ/ (v): trượt tuyết
Monkey /mʌŋki/ (n): con khỉ
Steal /sti:l/ (v): trộm

Speeding on the Freeway

Happily eating cheese
He and She
Skiing very rapidly

She sees a monkey eating

honey. We see a pony stealing
money.
Who can he see? It must be me!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 What about this fish? Can I eat it?
 Yes. Eat it.
 What about this cheese? Can I eat it?
 No, don‘t eat it. It‘s six weeks out of date.
E. EE PRACTICE SENTENCES:
1. Did you have a pony tail when you were young?
Bạn có để tóc đuôi gà khi bạn còn nhỏ không?

2. Which do you prefer, some tea or coffee?

Bạn thích cái nào, chút trà hay cà phê?

3. What did you dream when you were thirteen?

Bạn đã mơ gì khi bạn 13 tuổi?

4. Do you love babies? Why?

50
 Bạn có thích trẻ con không? Tại sao?

5. I need your advice about a problem. Is it possible if we meet at three o‘clock?

Tôi cần lời khuyên của bạn về một vấn đề. Liệu chúng ta có thể gặp nhau lúc 3 giờ được không?

F. I VOWEL SOUND:

Bit /bɪt/ (adv): một chút
Lift /lɪft/ (n): thang máy
Kitchen/‘kɪtʃən/ (n): nhà bếp
Bigger /bɪgər/ (adj): to hơn
Fifth /fɪf θ/ (adj): thứ năm
Business /‘bɪznɪs/ (n): doanh nghiệp
Display /dɪs‘pleɪ/ (v): trưng bày
Live /lɪv/ (v): sống
Discuss /dɪs‘kʌs/ (v): thảo luận
Fifty /‘fɪfti/ (adj): 50
Bill /bɪl/ (n): hóa đơn
Fizz /fɪz/ (n): tiếng xì xì
Build /bɪld/ (v): xây dựng
Chimp /tʃɪmp/ (n): tinh tinh
Listen /‘lɪsən/ (v): nghe
Fist /fɪst/ (n): nắm đấm cửa
Filming /‘fɪlmɪŋ/ (n): việc quay phim
Fish /fɪʃ/ (n): con cá
Fig /fɪg/ (n): quả sung, vả
Been/bɪn/

G. I PRACTICE SENTENCES:
1. What will happen if you are a little bit late for class?
Điều gì sẽ xảy ra nếu bạn đi tới lớp muộn một chút?

2. How long have you been here in Hanoi?

Bạn đã sống ở Hà Nội bao lâu rồi?

3. What happen to your chin? It‘s bigger than before.

Chuyện gì xảy ra với cái cằm của bạn vậy? Nó to hơn trước.

4. Do you know the first name of US President Clinton?

Bạn có biết họ của tổng thống Mỹ Clinton không?
5. You look tired today. What‘s the matter? Are you ill?
Trông bạn hôm nay mệt thế? Có chuyện gì à? Bạn ốm à?
6. What do you think about him? (point to a male classmate)
Bạn nghĩ gì về anh ta (chỉ một bạn nam trong lớp)?
7. How often do you have a business or vacation trip?
Bạn thường có chuyến đi công tác hay nghỉ mát thường xuyên như thế nào?

H. EE & I PRACTICE
Since /sɪns/: (prep): từ lúc Six /sɪks/
Meal /mi:l/ (n): bữa ăn Mill /mɪl/ (n): cối xay
Seal /si:l/ (n): hải cẩu Team /ti:m/ (n): đội
Grin /grɪn/ (v) : cười nhe răng See /si:/ (v): nhìn
Green /gri:n/ (adj): xanh lá Field /fi:ld/ (n): cánh đồng
Pip /pɪp/ Pete /pi:t/
Ship /ʃɪp/ (n): con tàu Cheaply /‘tʃi:pli/ (adv): rẻ
Bin /bɪn/ (n): cái khay Bean /bi:n/ (n): hạt đậu

51
Still /stɪl/ (adv): vẫn còn Steal /sti:l/ (v): trộm
Jeans /dʒi:nz/ (n) : quần bò Concrete /kɑ:n‘kri:t/ (n) : bê tông
Sneaker /‘sni:kər/ (n): giày thể thao Cherry /‘tʃeri/ (n): quả anh đào
Peak /pi:k/ (n): đỉnh Pit /pɪt/ (n): hột
The_______________ have been cooking since six o ’clock.

_______________in that_______________by the window.

We ate our__________, by he_______________.
The ________ will ____________ in the ocean.

Tim’s_______________grinned after seeing the G reen_______________.

Pip and Pete ___________ the _____________ cheaply.

Those_______________are for Bill’s_______________.

Does Jim _____________________________________________?

The girls put _______________on Jill’s sneakers.

Pick cherries at their_______________or you will_______________the pits.

52
 UNIT 14 - FOOD OR FOOT
A. SPEECH RULES – OO
 Lips move far forward
B. OO VOWEL PRACTICE WORDS
Blue /blu:/ 1. What kind of room do you like, Sir?
(adj): xanh dương
Ngài thích phòng nào thưa Ngài?
Booth /bu:θ/
(n): quán, buồng 2. Do you like to go to the pub and play pool?
News /nu:z/ Bạn thích đi quán rượu hay chơi bi a?
(n): tin tức
Juice /dʒu:s/ 3. Do you have a ruler in your bag?
(n): nước ép
Bạn có thước kẻ trong túi bạn không?
Loosen /‘lu:sən/
(v): nới lỏng 4. How‘s your mood after breaking up with your BF/GF?
Ruler /‘ru:lər/ (n): Tâm trạng của bạn sau khi chia tay bạn trai/ gái như thế nào?
thước kẻ Food /fu:d/
(n): thức ăn 5. Blue is my favourite colour. How about you?
Choose /tʃu:z/ Xanh dương là màu ưa thích của tôi? Còn bạn thì sao?
(v): chọn
Mood /mu:d/ 6. Hi, long time no see! Is there anything new?
(n): tâm trạng Chào, lâu rồi không gặp? Có gì mới không?
Moving /‘mu:vɪŋ/
(v): di chuyển
7. Is there any interesting news today?
Loop /lu:p/ Hôm nay có tin gì thú vị không?
(n): cuộn 8. Do you like Italian food? Which dish?
Knew /nu:/
(v): biết Bạn thích đồ ăn Ý chứ? Món nào?
Tooth /tu:θ/ 9. Why did you choose your BF/GF to love?
(n): răng
Smooth /smu:ð/ Tại sao bạn chọn bạn gái/trai của bạn để yêu?
(adj): trôi chảy 10. Why is our teacher in such a bad (or good) mood today?
Pool /pu:l/
(n): bi-a Tại sao hôm nay giáo viên của chúng ta tâm trạng không tốt ( tốt)
Moon /mu:n/ như vậy?
(n): trăng
11. Your skin is so smooth? Why?
Shoes /ʃu:z/
(n): giày Da bạn mềm mại quá? Sao lại được vậy?
Zoo /zu:/ 12. You will buy that shoes for me, won‘t you? Don‘t cry for
(n): sở thú
Grew /gru:/ the moon)
(v): trồng
Room /ru:m/ Bạn sẽ mua giày cho tôi chứ? (Đừng có mơ)
(n): phòng
C. OO PRACTICE:
Listen and underline the “oo” sounds.
Tuesday /‘tu:zdeɪ/ (n): thứ Ba Woman /‘wʊmən/ (n): người ph nữ
53
 Studio /‘stu:dioʊ/ (n): phòng quay Clue /klu:/ (n): gợi {
Boot /bu:t/ (n): bốt
The in the was very .

at in the . Viewing the on June nights.

Do you remember the who lived in a ? She hadn’t a clue what to do

when her family . Well, your help, they are moving in June
into two big boots.
D. SPEECH RULE – UH
 Lax vowel
 Lips are more relaxed
 Common mistake: overpronounced as “OO”

E. UH VOWEL SOUND
Foot /fʊt/ 1. How long does it take to get there on foot?
(n): chân
Mất bao lâu để đi bộ đến đó?
Took /tʊk/
(v): lấy 2. Is this a good time to talk to you?
Cook /kʊk/ Giờ có phải lúc ph hợp để nói chuyện với bạn không?
(v): nấu
Shook /ʃʊk/ 3. Do you think we can write a good cooking book?
(v): lắc
Bạn có nghĩ chúng ta có thể viết một quyển sách nấu ăn hay chứ?
Stood /stʊd/ (v):
đứng 4. How do I look?
Good /gʊd/ (adj): Trông tôi như thế nào?
tốt
Look /lʊk / 5. Is there anyone here who can cook?
(v): nhìn Có ai ở đây có thể nấy ăn không?
Book /bʊk/
6. Woody is leaving? Are you sure?
(n): sách
Wool /wʊl/ Woody chuẩn bị rời đi á? Bạn chắc chứ?
(n): len 7. Did you book the room for the meeting?
Swoosh /swʊʃ/
(n): kêu sột soạt Bạn đã đặt phòng họp chưa?

F. UH PRACTICE
Listen, fill in, and mark the /u:/ and /ʊ/sounds.
He took a look under the and found a
flute. Julie enjoys good books after .
He put his foot in the boot.
She her students to the brook to wash their .
We pulled him out of the swimming .
The ate until he was .
54
Exercise 14.1: How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck?
How fast can you say:
How much wood hæo məch wüd
would a wood chuck chuck, wüdə wüdchək
chək if a woodchuck ifə wüdchəck
could chuck cüd chəck
wood? Wüd
Bao nhiêu gỗ một con chuột chũi có thể ném nếu một con chuột chũi có thể ném gỗ?

How many cookies hæo meny cükeez

could a good cook cook, cüdə güd cük cük
if a good cook ifə güd cük
could cook cüd cük
cookies? cükeez
Bao nhiêu bánh quy một người đầu bếp giỏi có thể nấu nếu một người đầu bếp giỏi có thể nấu bánh quy?

55
 UNIT 15 - THE SCHWA SOUND
A. SPEECH RULES
Last is the schwa [ə], the most common sound in American English. The number of
schwas pronounced depends on how fast you speak, how smoothly you make liaisons,
how strong your intonation is, and how much you relax your sounds. Spelling doesn't
help identify it, because it can appear as any one of the vowels, or a combination of
them. It is a neutral vowel sound, and it is usually in an unstressed syllable, though it can
be stressed as well. Whenever you find a vowel that can be crossed out and its
absence wouldn't change the pronunciation of the word, you have probably found a
schwa: photography [ph'togr'phy] (the two apostrophes show the location of the neutral
vowel sounds).

Because it is so common, however, the wrong pronunciation of this one little sound
can leave your speech strongly accented, even if you Americanized everything else.

Note: Word-by-word pronunciation will be different than individual sounds within a

sentence. That, than, as, at, and, have, had, can, and so on, are [æ] sounds when
they stand alone, but they are weak words that reduce quickly in speech.

Lax Vowels

Sound Symbol Spelling

eh [bεt] bet
ih [bit] bit
ih+uh [püt] put
uh [bət] but
er [bərt] Bert

Exercise 15.1: Reduction Options

In the following example, you will see how you can fully sound out a word (such as to),
reduce it slightly, or do away with it altogether.

1. ... easier tū w ənderstand.

2. ... easier tü w ənderstand.
3. ... easier tə ənderstand.
4. ... easier tənderstand.
5. ... easier dənderstand.

Each of the preceding examples is correct and appropriate when said well. If you have a
good understanding of intonation, you might be best understood if you used the last
example.

56
B. REDUCTION
Common Reduced forms in American English

Reduced forms usually use during native speakers conversations. You can use these
reduced forms during your conversation in order to improve your speaking skills.
 “Going to” is pronounced “GONNA” when it is used to show the future. But it is
never reduced when it means going from one place to another.
E.g
- We‘re going to grab a bite to eat. We‘re gonna grab a bite to eat.
- I‘m going to the office tonight.

 “Have to” is pronounced “HAFTA” and has to is pronounced “HASTA”.

E.g
- Sorry, I have to leave now. Sorry, I hafta leave now.
- She has to go to work soon. She hasta go to work soon.

 “Have” reduces to “AV” or “V” in positive and negative phrases.

- Must have = must‘ve. Must not have = mustn‘ve .
E.g
That must have been the right restaurant = That must’ve been the right restaurant
- Would have = would‘ve. Would not have = wouldn‘ve.
E.g
If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. = If I had worked harder I
would’ve passed the exam.
- Could have = could‘ve. Could not have = couldn‘ve.
E.g
Mary couldn't have been the one who stole the money. Mary couldn've been the one who
stole the money.
- Should have = should‘ve. Should not have = shouldn‘ve.
E.g
You shouldn't have drunk so much. That caused the accident = You shouldn’ve drunk
so much. That caused the accident.

 The “h” sound in the pronouns “he, him, his, and her” and the “th” sound in them
are not pronounced in fast speech when they are unstressed; however, they are
pronounced when they are stressed.

- I think he flunked bio class. I think ‘e flunked bio class.

- I told him to study hard. I told ‘im to study hard.

57
- He got an A on his final. He got an A on ‘is final.
- She thinks her teacher is crazy. She thinks ‘er teacher is crazy.
- Nosey parkers… I hate them! Nosey parkers… I hate ‘em

 “And” and “in” both reduce to “N”.

- Karen and Steve are coming to visit. = Karen „n Steve are coming to visit.

- Tim is in Paris this week. = Tom is „n Paris this week.

 “Wa nt to” and ―want a‖ are both pronounced “WANNA” and wants to is
pronounced
“WANSTA”. Do you want to can also be reduced to “WANNA”.

- I want to go for a spin. I wanna go for a spin.

- Do you want a piece of cake? Wanna piece of cake?

- He wants to avoid rush hour. He wansta avoid rush hour.

 “You” is almost always pronounced “YA”, you‘re and “your are” pronounced “YəR”.

- Do you feel under the weather? = Do ya feel under the weather?

- You’re completely right. = Yər completely right.

58
 UNIT 16 - /j/ IN YOU

A. SPEECH RULES
 First practice the /i:/ sound
 To make the /j/, begin to make the sound /i:/ but very
quickly move your tongue to make the next sound.
 Do not touch the roof of your mouth with your tongue or
you will make another sound like /dʒ/

Exercise 16.1
a. Listen and repeat the words.
b. You will hear five words from each minimal pair. For each word, write 1 for /dʒ/
and 2 for /j/
Example: Pair 1: 2, 1, 2, 1, 1
Exercise 16.2
Choose the words that you hear in the sentences.
1. a) joke b) yolk
2. a) jam b) yam
3. a) Jess b) yes
4. a) jeers b) years
5. a) juice b) use
6. a) jet b) yet

59
B. /j/ PRACTICE SENTENCES
1. Can you tell me something special about yourself?
Bạn có thể nói điều gì đặc biệt về bản thân được không?
2. Do you love me? Why? Yes, I … )
Anh có yêu em không?
3. Have you ever been to New York?
Bạn đã bao giờ tới New York chưa?
(Yes  tell me something about New York.)
(Có  nói cho tôi đôi điều về New York)
(No  Do you want to come there? Why? )
(Không  bạn có muốn đến đó không? Tại sao?)
4. What is your favorite color? (Yellow)
Màu ưa thích của bạn là gì? (Màu vàng)
5. When do you want to get married? (For example: This year)
Khi nào bạn định kết hôn? (Ví d : Năm nay)
6. What will you do if you are not young anymore?
Bạn sẽ làm gì nếu bạn không còn trẻ nữa?
7. How was the yoghurt? (yummy)
Sữa chua thế nào? (Ngon)
8. Did you play yo-yo when you were young?
Bạn có chơi trò yo-yo khi nhỏ không?
9. What did you do yesterday?
Bạn đã làm gì ngày hôm qua?
10. Have you ever tried yoga?
Bạn đã bao giờ thử tập yoga chưa?

C. MEANING CHANGES WITH DIFFERENT STRESS WORDS

Notice that the speaker can choose to make any word the most important one for the
meaning of a sentence, and to make that word more strongly stressed than the other
words. The meaning of the sentence changes slightly.
For example:
I LOVE YOU

Listen to another sentence said with five different meanings. Match each sentence (1-5)
with the correct suggestion meaning (a-e).

1. He had a yellow jeep. a) But not any more. Not now.

2. He had a yellow jeep. b) But nobody else did.
3. He had a yellow jeep. c) Not a car or any other kind of vehicle.
4. He had a yellow jeep. d) Just one. Not several of them.
5. He had a yellow jeep. e) Not a red one or any other color.

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 UNIT 17 - WOKE & WON’T

A. SPEECH RULES:
- The hidden W sound.
- Mouth movement: from “O” to “W”

B. “O” VOWEL SOUND

Open /‘oʊpən/ 1. What is your telephone number?
(v): mở
Số điện thoại của bạn là gì?
Oatmeal /‘oʊtmi:l/
(n): yến mạch 2. Where should we go to see snow? (Europe)
Blown /bloʊn/ Chúng ta nên đến đâu để ngắm tuyết (Châu Âu)?
(v): thổi 3. We will to Paris by coach, won‘t we?
Bold /boʊld/ Chúng ta sẽ đến Paris bằng xe bu{t đường dài phải không?
(adj): đậm
Owner /‘oʊnər/ 4. Do you know her? (No, I...)
(n): chủ Bạn biết cô ấy chứ?
Phone /foʊn/ 5. Will you marry me? (No, I...)
(n): điện thoại
Em sẽ lấy anh chứ?
Cold /koʊld/
(adj): lạnh 6. What are you going to do when the class ends? (Home)
Robe /roʊb/ Bạn định đi đâu sau khi lớp tan?
(n): áo choàng 7. It‘s winter! How do you feel? (Cold)
Coach /koʊtʃ/
M a đông rồi! Bạn thấy như thế nào?
(n): xe bu{t đường dài
Rotate /‘roʊteɪt/ So what should we do? (Coat) Vậy
(v): luân phiên chúng ta nên làm gì? (Áo khoác)
Loan /loʊn/
8. Have you had any special moments at pronunciation class?
(n): nợ
Slow /sloʊ/ Bạn đã từng có bất kì khoảnh khắc đặc biệt nào ở lớp phát âm không?

(adj): chậm 9. Who was that on the phone?

Road /roʊd/ Ai đã ở đầu dây bên kia đó?
(n): đường
Roam /roʊm/
(v): lang thang

61
C. O PRACTICE
Hole /hoʊl/ (n): lỗ Nose /noʊz/ (n): mũi
Snow /snoʊ/ (n): tuyết Most /moʊst / (adj): hầu hết
Joke /dʒoʊk/ (n): chuyện đ a Folk /foʊk/ (n): người anh em

How did you know that?

I don’t know where the is on the .
Does Joe know how to drive on the ?
I need to my when I have a .
Has it ever in Rhode ?
winds will slowly snow over most of Ohio.
This low is no . So , don’t go out without !
D. WOKE & WON’T
Practice: WOWOWOWOWO

Woke = WOW + K
Won’t = WOW + NT

I want the ball. I won’t give you the ball.

She wants to sleep. She woke up.

He wants to buy a car. He won’t buy a car.

They want to speak with you. He won’t speak with you.

E. W & Y IN LIAISONS
When a word ending in a vowel sound is next to one beginning with a vowel sound,
they are connected with a glide between the two vowels. A glide is either a slight [y] sound
or a slight [w] sound. How do you know which one to use? This will take care of itself—
the position your lips are in will dictate either [y] or [w].

Go away. Go(w)away.
I also need the other one. I(y)also need thee(y)other one.

For example, if a word ends in [ou] your lips are going to be in the forward position, so
a [w] quite naturally leads into the next vowel sound—[Go(w)away]. You don't want to say
Go...away and break the undercurrent of your voice. Run it all together: [Go(w)away].

62
 After a long [ē] sound, your lips will be pulled back far enough to create a [y] glide or
(y)
liaison: [I also need the(y)other one]. Don't force this sound too much, though. It's not a
strong pushing sound. [I(y) also need the(y)other one] would sound really weird.

Exercise 17.1: Vowel / Vowel Liaison Practice

Pause the CD and reconnect the following words as shown in the models. Add a (y) glide after an [e]
sound, and a (w) glide after an [u] sound. Don't forget that the sound of the American O is really [ou].

she isn't [she(y)isn't] who is [who(w)iz]

1. go anywhere 6. do I?
2. so honest 7. I asked
3. through our 8. to open
4. you are 9. she always
5. he is 10. too often

F. LIAISONS
Liaisons, just like everything in English, have their own set of rules that most natives
don‘t even realize. The rules are as follows:
1. When a consonant sound precedes a vowel sound

The two sounds link together and are pronounced without a pause in between the
words.

Example: My name is Ann. The m in name and the i in is will join together and be
pronounced like ―naymiz.‖ The s in is and the A in Ann will also liaise. All together it
sounds like ―MynaymizAnn.‖

2. When a consonant sound precedes another consonant sound

Words are connected when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word also
starts with a consonant sound that is in a similar position of the tongue during
pronunciation.

Example: Get the dog, kick her. The t of get and the th of the will join together. This
makes the t sound a little softer.
3. When a vowel sound precedes another vowel sound

A glide, or a soft y or w sound, is added between the two sounds and it is all
pronounced together. Whether a y or w sound is used will depend on the lip position.
When the vowels require rounded lips, it will naturally become a w sound. Otherwise, it
should be y.

Example: Go out, I am. The two o letters of go out get separated by a w glide so that it
sounds like “gowout.‖ Likewise, I am becomes ―Iyam.‖

63
 4. T, D, S or Z + Y combinations

When the letter or sound of T, D, S or Z is followed by a word that starts with Y, or its
sound, both sounds are connected. They form a combination that changes the
pronunciation.

T + Y = CH

Example: What’s your name?

D+Y=J

Example: What did you do?

S + Y = SH

Example: Insurance

Z + Y = ZH

Example: How’s your family?

64
 UNIT 18 – A AS IN AGE
 Do you know what are women most afraid of?
A. SPEECH RULES
 Double sound /eɪ/
 Mouth movement: closing
 Think HIGH

B. WORD PRACTICE
Age /eɪdʒ/ 1. Do you want to discuss the matter face to face?
(n): thời đại Bạn có muốn thảo luận vấn đề trực tiếp không?
Aid /eɪd/ 2. Which animals are you afraid of?
(v): hỗ trợ
Bạn sợ những con vật nào?
Eight /eɪt/
(adj): số 8
3. What‘s the date today?
Able /‘eɪbl / Hôm nay là ngày mấy?
(adj): có khả năng 4. What age are we currently living in?
Chain /tʃeɪn/ Chúng ta hiện đang sống trong thời đại nào?
(n): chuỗi 5. Are you lazy?
Date /deɪt/ Bạn có lười không?
(n): ngày
6. When is the women‘s day? When is the men‘s day?
Eighteen /eɪ‘ti:n/
Khi nào là ngày ph nữ? Khi nào là ngày đàn ông?
(adj): 18
Fake /feɪk/ 7. If you had a chance to change your fate, would you?
(adj): giả Nếu bạn có cơ hội thay đổi số phận của bạn, bạn sẽ thay đổi chứ?
Lazy /‘leɪzi/(adj): lười 8. What‘s your name?
Made /meɪd/ Tên bạn là gì?
9. What are the colors of the rainbow and their order?

65
 (v): làm, tạo Màu của cầu vồng là gì và thứ tự của nó?
Baby /‘beɪbi/ 10. What was your most memorable vacation?
(n): em bé Kì nghỉ đáng nhớ nhất của bạn là gì?
Gain /geɪn/ 11. Be an angel and get me a glass of water, will you?
(v): đạt được
Hãy ngoan ngoãn và đưa cho tôi một ly nước, được chứ?
Change /tʃeɪndʒ/
(n): thay đổi 12. Can I bring my date to class?
Gave /geɪv/ (v): Tôi có thể mang người tôi đang hẹn hò tới lớp chứ?
đưa cho 13. Your shirt isn‘t fake, is it?
Nation /‘neɪʃən/ Áo sơ mi này không phải giả chứ?
(n): quốc gia
14. Have you seen today‘s paper?
Day /deɪ/
Bạn đã đọc báo ngày hôm nay chưa?
(n): ngày
Paper /‘peɪpər/
(n): giấy
Angel /‘eɪndʒəl/
(n): thiên thần
Basic /‘beɪsɪk/
(adj): cơ bản
Face /feɪs/
(n): khuôn mặt

C. SENTENCE PRACTICE:
Listen and underline the “AE” sounds.

Ape/eɪp/ (n): khỉ không đuôi Trainer /‘treɪnər/ (n): người huấn luyện
Cane /keɪn/ (n): cây mía David /‘deɪvɪd/
Shaving /‘ʃeɪvɪŋ/ (v): cạo (râu, đầu) Rainbow /‘reɪnboʊ/ (n): cầu vồng
Daylight /‘deɪlaɪt/ (n): ánh nắng ban ngày Baby /‘beɪbi/ (n): em bé
Snake /sneɪk/ (n): con rắn Cage /keɪdʒ/ (n): lồng, chuồng
Neighbor /‘neɪbər/ (n): hàng xóm Basement /‘beɪsmənt/ (n): tầng hầm
Beige /beɪʒ/ (n): màu be Strain /streɪn/ (n): áp lực
Vacation /veɪ‘keɪʃən/ (n): kì nghỉ Aim /eɪm/ (v): hướng tới

The___________________gave the trainer a ___________________.

David began___________________when he was___________________.

The___________________appeared when daylight___________________.

The baby___________________lived in a painted___________________.

My neighbor’s___________________was changed from blue to___________________.

66
 Hey, take away the strain! the gains of a great with
Lazy Day Vacations. Lines are open till . They to
make your day!

D. CONVERSATION PRACTICE: AT THE RAILWAY STATION

(Mr Grey is waiting at the railway station for a train.)

Mr Grey : This train‘s late! I‘ve been waiting here for ages.
Porter : Which train?
Mr Grey : The 8.18 to Baker Street.
Porter : The 8.18? I‘m afraid you‘ve made a mistake, sir.
Mr Grey : A mistake? My timetable says: Baker Street train – 8.18.
Porter : Oh no. The Baker Street train leaves at 8.08.
Mr Grey : At 8.08?
Porter : They changed the timetable at the end of April. It‘s the first of
May today.
Mr Grey : Changed it? May I see the new timetable? What does it say?
Porter : It says: Baker Street train – 8.08.
Mr Grey : Oh no, you‘re right. The train isn‘t late. I am.

67
 UNIT 19 - AH AS IN TOP

A. SPEECH RULES:
 Drop your jaw

B. AH WORD PRACTICE

Hot /hɑ:t/ 1. It‘s so hot in here. Can I open the window?

(adj): nóng
Ở đây nóng quá. Bạn có thể mở cửa sổ được không?
Top /tɑ:p/
(n): đỉnh 2. Do you like Apple products?
Stop /stɑ:p/ Bạn có thích các sản phẩm của Apple không?

(v): dừng lại 3. Do you want to be a famous model?

Probably /‘prɑ:bəli/ Bạn có muốn trở thành một người mẫu nổi tiếng không?
(adv): có lẽ
4. Do you like rock music?
Follow /‘fɑ:loʊ/
(v): theo sau Bạn có thích nhạc rock?

Not /nɑ:t/ 5. Tell me about your mom and dad.

(adv): không Nói cho tôi về mẹ và bố bạn.
Blob /blɑ:b/ 6. Do you love shopping?
(n): giọt nước
Bạn có yêu việc đi mua sắm không?
Sock /sɑ:k/
7. When and where do you usually go shopping for clothes?
(n): vớ, tất
Mop /mɑ:p/ Khi nào và ở đâu bạn thường thường đi mua sắm quần áo?

(v): lau 8. Who do you often go shopping with?

Product /‘prɑ:dʌkt/ Bạn thường đi mua sắm với ai?
(n): sản phẩm
9. Would you rather shop in stores or online?
Solve /sɑ:lv/
(v): giải quyết Bạn thích đi mua sắm trong cửa hàng hay trực tuyến?
Problem /‘prɑ:bləm/ 10. Do you usually run away from problems?
(n): vấn đề
Bạn có thường thường chạy trốn khỏi các vấn đề không?

C. AH SENTENCE PRACTICE
Box /bɑ:ks/ (n): cái hộp
Follow /‘fɑ:loʊ/ (v): theo sau
Instruction /ɪn‘strʌkʃən/ (n): sự hướng dẫn
Cotton /‘kɑ:tən/ (n): vải cotton
Rock /rɑ:k/ (n): đá
Doorknob /‘dɔ:rnɑ:b/ (n): nắm đấm cửa
Locker /‘lɑ:kər/ (n): tủ có khóa
Mom /mɑ:m/ (n): mẹ
Model /‘mɑ:dəl/ (n): mô hình, mẫu
Hockey /‘hɑ:ki/ (n): khúc côn cầu
Concrete /kɑ:n‘kri:t/ (n): bê tông

68
 ______________opened the______________and______________the instructions.

______________put some cotton, ______________and a______________in

his______________.

My mom made a concrete______________of a hockey rink.

Exercise 19.1: A Lot of Long, Hot Walks in the Garden

Listen and underline all the “ah” sounds.Then practice speaking correctly and fluently.
obviously /ˈɑ:bviəsli / (adv): rõ ràng lawyers /ˈlɑ:jər/ (n): luật sư
awfully /‘ɑ:fəli/ (adv): khủng khiếp lawn /lɑ:n/ (n): bãi cỏ
fought /fɑ:t/ (v): chiến đấu account /əˈkaʊnt/ (n): trường hợp
policy /‘pɑ:ləsi/ (n): chính sách office /ˈɑ:fɪs / (n): văn phòng
onset /‘ɑ:nset/ (n): lúc bắt đầu politics /‘pɑ:lətɪks/ (n): chính trị
quashed /kwɑ:ʃt/ (v): hủy bỏ resolved /rɪˈzɑ:lv/ (v): giải quyết
obstacle /‘ɑ:bstəkəl / (n): vật cản bomb/‘bɑ:m/ (v): đánh bom
halted /‘hɑ:ltɪd/ (v): dừng

John was not sorry when the boss called off the walks in the garden. Obviously, to him,

ohn không thấy tiếc khi ông chủ hủy bỏ các đường đi bộ trong khu vườn. Rõ ràng với anh

it was awfully hot, and the walks were far too long. He had not thought that walking

trời thì nóng khủng khiếp, và những con đường đi bộ sao dài quá vậy. Trước đó anh y đã không nghĩ việc đi
bộ

would have caught on the way it did, and he fought the policy from the onset. At first, he

sẽ trở nên phổ biến như vậy, và anh ấy đấu tranh chính sách từ lúc đầu. Đầu tiên, anh

thought he could talk it over at the law office and have it quashed, but a small obstacle

nghĩ anh ấy có thể thảo luận tại văn phòng luật và bác bỏ nó, nhưng một trở ngại nhỏ

halted that thought. The top lawyers always bought coffee at the shop across the lawn

đã ngăn cản suy nghĩ đó. Những luật sư hàng đầu luôn mua cà phê ở cửa hàng ngang qua bãi cỏ
and they didn't want to stop on John's account. John's problem was not office politics,

và họ không muốn dừng lại vì trường hợp của John. Vấn đề của ohn không phải chính trị văn phòng

but office policy. He resolved the problem by bombing the garden.

mà là chính sách văn phòng. Anh ấy đã giải quyết vấn đề bằng việc đánh bom khu vườn.

69
 UNIT 20 - A AS IN HAT

A. SPEECH RULES
 Mouth are wide open
 Jaw down
 æ = a + e = a + lips spread out = e + jaw down
 Tongue tip touches behind the lower teeth

B. WORD PRACTICE
Back /bæk/ 1. Do you think that we should try a different tack to lose weight?
(adv): trở lại
Bạn có nghĩ rằng chúng ta nên thử một cách khác để giảm cân không?
Dad /dæd/
(n): bố 2. Which animals have an /æ/sound in their names?
Fax /fæks/ Những con vật nào chứa âm /æ/trong tên gọi của chúng?
(n): bản ax
3. Who is Brad Pitt? Do you know?
Value /‘vælju:/
(n): giá trị Brad Pitt là ai? Bạn có biết không?
4. Are you interested in fashion?

Sat /sæt/ Bạn có đam mê thời trang không?

(v): ngồi (quá khứ)
5. How to be fashionable?
Hatch /hætʃ/
(v): ấp (trứng) Làm thế nào để trở thành người ăn mặc hợp mốt?
Jacket /‘dʒækɪt/ 6. What is “Master Chef”?
(n): áo khoác “Master Che ” là gì?
Taxi /‘tæksi/ 7. What can a cat do?
(n): xe tắc-xi
Một chú mèo có thể làm gì?
Apple /‘æpl /
(n): quả táo 8. Have you seen ―You are the apple of my eye‖?
Catch /kætʃ/ Bạn đã xem “You are the apple o my eye” chưa?
(v): đuổi bắt 9. I often catch a taxi to class. How about you?
Rabbit /‘ræbɪt/ Tôi thường bắt taxi tới lớp. Còn bạn thì sao?
(n): con thỏ
Tack /tæk/
(n): chiến thuật

C. SENTENCE PRACTICE
The______________________a jacket.
______________________your sack and bring your magnet.
He______________________about an actor named______________________.

Exercise 20.1: Word – by – word and in a sentence:

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 Stressed Unstressed
that thæt th't thət He said th't it's OK.
than thæn th'n thən It's bigger th'n before.
as æz 'z əz 'z soon 'z he gets
at æt 't ət here. ' t the time!
Look
and ænd 'n ən ham 'n eggs.
have hæv h'v həv Where h'v you been?
had hæd h'd həd He h'd been at home.
can cæn c'n cən C'n you do it?

Exercise 20.2: The Tan Man

Fashionably /‘fæʃənəbli/ (adv): một cách hợp mốt
Crabby /‘kræbi/ (adj): gắt gỏng
Aghast /ə‘gæst/ (adj): kinh ngạc
Casually /‘kæʒuəli/ (adv): một cách tình cờ
Manager /ˈmænɪdʒər/ (n): quản l{
Matter /ˈmætər/ (n): vấn đề
Satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ (adj): hài lòng
Lashing /‘læʃɪŋ/ (v): đập
Clambered /‘klæmbərd/ (v): leo, trèo, bước
Gasp/gæsp/ (v): thở hổn hển, thốt lên
A handful of /ˈhændfʊl/ (n): một vài
Average/ˈævərɪdʒ/ (adj): trung bình
Seem /siːm/ (linking verb): dường như

A fashionably tan man sat casually at the bat stand, lashing a handful of practice bats.
Một người đàn ông rám nắng ăn mặc hợp mốt tình cờ ngồi ở chỗ đập bóng, tập đập một vài quả bóng.

The manager, a crabby old bag of bones, passed by and laughed, "You're about average,
Ông sếp, một lão già da bọc xương gắt gỏng, đi ngang qua và cười nhạo,”Chú cũng thường thôi,

Jack. Can't you lash faster than that?" Jack had had enough, so he clambered to his feet

Jack ạ. Chú không đập nhanh hơn được à?” ack không nhịn được, nên anh ấy lê bước khó nhọc

and lashed bats faster than any man had ever lashed bats. As a matter of fact, he lashed

và đập bóng nhanh hơn bất kz người đàn ông nào đã từng đập bóng. Và thực tế là, anh ấy đập bóng

bats so fast that he seemed to dance. The manager was aghast. "Jack, you're a master bat
quá nhanh đến nỗi trông anh ấy như đang khiêu vũ. Lão quản l{ kinh ngạc. “ ack, cậu là bậc thầy đập

lasher!" he gasped. Satisfied at last, Jack sat back and never lashed another bat.
bóng!” lão thốt lên. Cuối c ng đã hài lòng, ack ngồi lại và không bao giờ đập một quả bóng nào nữa.

D. AU VOWEL SOUND
 AU = æ + w
 Begin this sound with the /æ/ sound as in “hat”
 Then, slide your mouth forward to form a small “W” sound.

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E. AU WORD PRACTICE
Now /naʊ/ 1. Do you want to live in a house or an apartment?
(adv): bây giờ Bạn muốn sống ở một ngôi nhà tách biệt hay trong chung cư?
House /haʊs/ (n):
ngôi nhà 2. I like listening to music and singing out loud. Do you?
Round /raʊnd/ Tôi thích nghe nhạc và ca hát một cách náo nhiệt. Còn bạn?
(adj): tròn
Loud /laʊd/ 3. Can you count the number of student in this class?
(adj: to Bạn có thể đếm được số sinh viên trong lớp không?
Gown /gaʊn/
(n): áo choàng
4. From now on I will be your BF/GF. Is that okay?
Từ giờ tớ sẽ là bạn trai/ bạn gái của bạn. Có được không?
Sound /saʊnd/
(n): âm thanh
5. Do you think that travelling around the world is
Ouch /aʊtʃ/
everyone‘s dream?
(thán từ): Ối
Bạn có nghĩ việc đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới là ước mơ của tất cả
Out /aʊt/ mọi người?
(adv): bên ngoài
Found /faʊnd/ 6. Do you like to wear a white silk wedding gown?
(v): tìm Bạn thích mặc một chiếc váy cưới trắng bằng l a chứ?
South /saʊθ/
(n): phía Nam 7. Turn the sound down a little, will you?
Ounce /aʊn s/ Hãy giảm âm thanh xuống chút, có được không?

(n): Ao-xơ
Rebound /ri‘baʊnd/ 8. When was E-LAB ENGLISH founded?
(v): bật nẩy Mouth E-LAB English được thành lập khi nào?
/maʊθ/ (n): miệng
Bounce /baʊns/ 9. Have you ever received a bunch of flowers? From
(n): sự bật lên whom?
Flower /‘flaʊər/ Bạn có từng nhận được một bó hoa không? Từ ai?
(n): hoa
Thousand /‘θaʊzənd/ 10. The brown couch is downstairs.
(số): nghìn Chiếc ghê màu nâu nằm ở tầng dưới.
Spout /spaʊt/
11. Her house is on the South side of the mountain.
(n): hiệu cầm đồ
Nhà của cô ấy nằm ở phía Nam của ngọn núi này.
Count /kaʊnt/
(v): đếm, tính
12. I was proud of the sounds that came out of my mouth.
Tôi rất tự hào về những âm thanh phát ra từ miệng mình.

F. A MOUSE IN THE HOUSE

Mr Brown : (shouting loudly I‘ve found a mouse!
(la hét om sòm) Anh đã tìm thấy con chuột rồi!
Mrs Brown : Ow! You‘re shouting too loudly. Sit down and don‘t frown.
Ồ! Anh đang la hét om sòm quá đấy. Ngồi xuống và đừng nhắn nhó nữa

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Mr Brown : (sitting down I‘ve found a mouse in the house.
(ngồi xuống) Anh đã tìm thấy con chuột trong nhà.
Mrs Brown : A brown mouse?
Một con chuột nâu?
Mr Brown : Yes. A little round mouse. It‘s running around in the lounge.
Đúng rồi. Một con chuột hơi tròn trĩnh. Nó chạy quanh phòng khách.
Mrs Brown : On the ground?
Trên sàn nhà á?
Mr Brown : Yes. It‘s under the couch now.
Đúng rồi. Nó đang ở dưới cái ghế đấy.
Mrs Brown : Well, get it out.
Ối, đuổi nó đi.
Mr Brown : How?
Bằng cách nào?
Mrs Brown : Turn the couch upside down. Get it out somehow. We don‘t
Lật ngửa cái ghế lên. Đuổi nó bằng mọi cách. Em không muốn có một

want a mouse in our house. Ours is the cleanest house in the town!
con chuột ở trong nhà. Nhà chúng mình là nhà sạch nhất trong thị trấn này!

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 PART 2
GRAMMAR

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COURSE TARGETS:

1. Master English Grammar

2. Speak with correct grammar
3. Write with correct grammar

YOUR GOALS:

1. This is my last Grammar course

EXPECTED ATTITUDE:

1. Be understood
2. Swim to swim
3. Make mistakes or do nothing
4. Be yourself
5. Be a teacher
6. Weigh your sound
7. Take medicine or die
8. Blank-minded
9. Harvest

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 PHONETICS

Consonants Vowels
p pen ə today
b back ʌ one
t tea ɜː her
d day ɒ hot
k key ɔː thought
g get ɑː hot/thought
tʃ cheese ɪ sit
dʒ age iː seat
f life ʊ book
v live uː tool
θ thing e head
ð this æ back
s sister ˈ [stress mark]
z rise
ʃ she
ʒ pleasure
h hot
m more
n fine
ŋ singer
l file
r rock,
j her yes
w one

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 UNIT 1 - PRESENT SIMPLE AND PAST SIMPLE
A. IDENTIFYING SUBJECTS AND VERBS:
1. VERBS:

Every verb has 5 principal parts as in the following table.

A Model Verb

Infinitive to go I to go home.

Present Tense go I go home.

Past Tense went I went home.

Present Participle going I going home.

Past Participle gone I gone home.

2. SUBJECT

Single word ( Noun or Pronoun ) (a) Binnie smiled

(b) She goes to school at 7a.m everyday
(c) Running makes me exausted

Noun phrase (a) The child in the first row is very

pretty
(b) Jack and his wife will go to the
concert tonight
(a) Will you return soon?

(a) Come back here

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EXERCISE 1.1
In each sentence, underline the full verb and circle the subject

1. The bill was paid.

2. Walking is good exercise.
3. The paid bill was entered on the books.
4. To get a good job requires a good skill.
5. Running three miles a day is even better.
6. To pay bills promptly is a good policy.
7. A light rain fell on our heads
8. The moon disappeared behind the clouds
9. Mr. Bill's shoes, however, are invisible beneath his trouser
10. He has small, dark, hamster-like eyes.

EXERCISE 1.2
Choose the correct answer

1. Many trees ( growing / are growing ) in this area

2. Thank you for (calling/ called) the Sunshine Department Store
3. If you (are interested/interested ) in this program, please sign up at the front desk
4. Attention please! Beer sales Aren’t allowed / not allowed inside
5. I (will be leading/ be leading) the tour today
6. Will we (receive/be receive) a one-week holiday as a bonus?
7. Have you ( ever been/ being ) to this Park before?
8. Why weren’t / weren’t being you two at the meeting?
9. Will the flight ( be/ have been ) delayed again?
10. (Being/Been) a good boss is hard

B. PRESENT SIMPLE
1. V and V to be

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 PAST PRESENT
V Ved V(s/es)
V to be Was / were Is / am / are
Note I - was I – am

2. PRESENT SIMPLE

V ( to be ) V
C u khẳng nh S + am/are/is +… S + V s/es +…
I + am I/You/We/They + V nguy n thể)
You/We/They + are He/She/It + V(s/es)
He/She/It + is

I am a student They often play tennis

We are friends He likes to study English
She is so beautiful
C u ph nh S + am/are/is +not … S + do/does + not + V nguy n thể )
I + am not I/You/We/They + don’t
You/We/They + aren’t He/She/It + doesn’t
He/She/It + isn’t

I am not a student They don’t play tennis very often

We aren’t friends
She isn’t so beautiful
C u nghi v n Yes/No question
Q: Am/Are/Is not + S +…?
A: Yes, S + am/are/is +…
No, S + am/are/is + not +…
Q: Are you a student?
A: Yes, I am a student
No, I am not a student
WH – question
WH + am/are/is not + S +…?
He doesn’t like to study English
Yes/No question
Q: Do/Does not + S + V nguy n thể)?
A: Yes, S + do/does
No, S + don’t/doesn’t
Q: Does he like to study English?
A: Yes, he does
WH- question
WH + do/does not + S + V nguy n thể)?

Who is your best friend? What do you want to do in your free

time?

2.1 CÁCH SỬ DỤNG PRESENT SIMPLE:

Simple Present

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 Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
1. D ng ể diễn t m t th i quen hay He usually goes to bed at 10 p.m
h nh ng l p i l p l i trong hi n t i We go to work everyday
2. Ch n lý, sự th t hiển nhi n The Earth moves around the Sun
3. D ng ể n i v sự vi c x y ra trong The train leaves at 9 a.m tomorrow
t ng lai. Th ng p dụng ể n i v th i
gian biểu, k ho ch c v ch ra c
nh t tr c
4. M t s tr ng h p kh c We will wait until she comes
If I get up early, I will go to school on time

2.2 NHẬN BIẾT PRESENT SIMPLE:

D u hi u nh n bi t th hi n t i n dễ d ng nh t l ch ng ta sẽ dựa v o nh ng t sau c
trong c u:
- M t s tr ng t phổ bi n :
Always lu n lu n , usually th ng uy n , often th ng uy n , frequently
th ng uy n , sometimes (th nh tho ng), seldom (hi m khi), rarely (hi m khi),
hardly (hi m khi) , never kh ng bao gi ), generally nh n chung , regularly th ng
uy n …
- M t s t ch t nh th ng uy n l p l i:
Every day, every week, every month, every year,……. Mỗi ng y, mỗi tu n, mỗi
th ng, mỗi n m
Once/ twice/ three times/ four times….. a day/ week/ month/ year,……. m t l n /
hai l n/ ba l n/ b n l n ……..m t ng y/ tu n/ th ng/ n m
EXERCISE 1.3

Match the description with the sentence. Which sentences do you agree with?

a. action happening right now

b. general truth

c. habit

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1. __ I look at the stars every night.

2. __ I'm looking at an astronomy textbook.

3. __ The earth revolves around the sun.

EXERCISE 1.4
Fill in the blanks the correct form of a word
1. She (be)______ good at school.
2. Elephants (eat) ______ grass.
3. I (like) ______ fish and chips.
4. She always (meet) ______ her friends after school.
5. Tom often (wear) ______ a white shirt and blue jeans.
6. They (be) ______ never tired in the morning.
7. He (like) ______ apples and bananas.
8. The children sometimes (go) ______ to the playground.
9. Sandra usually (take) ______ the bus to school.
10. Jack always (have) ______ lunch at a restaurant.
11. The boys often (play) ______ computer games.
12. Our cat hardly ever (catch) ______ a mouse.
13. Paul (walk) ______ his dog every day.
14. Our daughter often (get) ______ up too late.
15. My mother (bake) ______ a cake every Saturday.
16. Sarah and Sam often to parties. (go)
17. Jenny sometimes Monica. (meet)
18. In summer he children usually_________ in the garden. (play)
19. Sally often_______ the board. (clean)
20. My sister _______ blue eyes. (have)
21. Bill _______ the window. (open)
22. Barbara_______ school uniforms look great. (think)
23. They all _______ dark blue pullovers. (wear)
24. He often _______ the housework. (do)
25. My mum _______shopping every Friday. (go)
26. I never_______ TV in the morning. (watch)
27. She _______ her new notebook. (like)
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28. Fred_______ football every Saturday. (play)
29. Hannah and Betty often_______ pizza. (eat)
30. Frank sometimes_______ a headache. (have)
31. She ________ e-mails. (not/write)
32. ______you______English? ( speak)
33. My parents______ fish. (not/ like)
34. ______ Anne________any hobbies? (have)
35. Leo_________ very fast. (can not/read)
36. _______Jim and Joe_______ the flowers every week? ( water)
37. Yale's mother_______ a motorbike. (not/ride)
38. _______Elisa_______ cola? (drink)

EXERCISE 1.5: Reading and grammar.

Read the passage. Add the endings -s/-es where necessary. You may need to change -y to -ies. Write 0 for no
ending.

Our Amazing Heart

The heart is an amazing organ. It beat______100,000 times a day and pump______

2,000 gallons of blood through 60,000 miles of blood vessels in our bodies. Blood
carry______ fresh oxygen from our lungs to all the parts of the body. It also
remove______waste from our tissues. Here is an interesting fact: when we
laugh______, up to 20% more blood go______through our body, so laughter is good
for our hearts.

EXERCISE 1.6 Trivia game.

Work in teams. Make true sentences. The team with the most correct answers (factually and grammatically)
wins.

1. Ice (melt) ___doesn’t melt___at 32°F (0°C).

2. Cold weather (cause)__________ fingernails to grow faster.
3. The average person (fall) __________ asleep in seven minutes.
4. Salt water (freeze) __________ at the same temperature as freshwater.

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5. Our noses (grow) __________ longer as we age.
6. Our feet (become) __________ smaller as we age.
7. On average, a person (blink) __________ more than 20,000 times a day.

8. Honey (spoil) __________

9. A cat (use) __________ its whiskers for hunting.

10. The earth (revolve) __________ around the moon.

3. PAST SIMPLE

3.1 HOW TO USE PAST SIMPLE?

V ( to be ) V
S + was/were +… S + V ed +…
I/He/She/It + was
You/We/They + were
C u khẳng nh
I was at Mark’s house yesterday I studied piano last night
We were in Da Lat last month They met their English teacher yesterday

S + was/were +not … S + did + not + V nguy n thể )

I/He/She/It + wasn’t
You/We/They + weren’t
C u ph nh
I wasn’t at Mark’s house yesterday
We weren’t in Da Lat last month
I/You/We/They + didn’t
He/She/It + didn’t
I didn’t study piano last night
They didn’t meet their English teacher
yesterday

Q: Was/Were not + S +…? Q: Did not + S + V nguy n thể)?

A: Yes, S + was/were A: Yes, S + did
No, S + wasn’t/weren’t No, S + didn’t
C u nghi v n
Q: Were you at Mark’s house Q: Did they meet their English teacher
yesterday? yesterday?
A: Yes, I was A: Yes, they did
No, I wasn’t No, they didn’t

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 3.2 WHEN DO WE USE PAST SIMPLE?

Past Simple

Cách sử dụng Ví dụ
1. D ng ể diễn t m t h nh ng x y ra It snowed yesterday
t i một thời điểm cụ thể trong qu kh . John watched TV last night
2. Diễn t m t h nh ng/sự ki n đã xảy Mary turned her laptop on, checked her email
ra và kết thúc trong qu kh ho c d ng and answered it.
ể diễn t c c h nh ng li n ti p/m t I used to play soccer with my friends when I was
th i quen y ra trong qu kh young
3. M t s tr ng h p kh c When I was cooking, the phone rang
If I were you, I wouldn’t do it

3.3. NHẬN BIẾT PAST SIMPLE

- C c tr ng t ch th i gian trong qu kh
Yesterday h m qua
Last night/last week/ last month/ last year: t i qua/ tu n tr c/ th ng tr c/n m
ngo i
Ago c ch y : three hours ago: c ch y ba ti ng
- C c m c th i gian cụ thể trong qu kh
In 1990, …
3.4. HOW TO CHANGE A VERB INTO PAST FORM?
1. Th m “-ed” v o sau ng t nguy n thể Eg: watch – watched, want – wanted
2. V i ng t t n c ng l “e” th ch c n Eg: smile – smiled, agree – agreed
th m “d”
3. Đ ng t c một m ti t c t n c ng l Eg: stop – stopped, shop – shopped
một phụ m, tr c phụ m cu i l một Exception: travel – travelled, prefer –
nguy n m th nh n i phụ m cu i preferred

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 tr c khi th m “ed”
4. Đ ng t t n c ng l “y”
-N u tr c “y” l m t nguy n m, th m Eg: play – played, stay – stayed
“ed” nh b nh th ng
-N u tr c “y” l phụ m, chuyển “y” Eg: cry – cried, study – studied
th nh “i” r i th m “ed”
5. Đ ng t b t quy t c Eg: see – saw, meet – met, buy – bought

EXERCISE 1.7 Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc

1. My younger brother (get)________ married last month.
2. Summer (come) ________ to her grandparents’ house five days ago.
3. My laptop (be ) ________ down yesterday.
4. My crush (buy) ________ me a big teddy bear on my birthday last month.
5. My friend (give) ________ me a bar of chocolate when I (be) ________ at school
yesterday.
6. Our children (do) ________ their homework last night?
7. You (live) ________ here in Ha Noi five years ago?
8. Susie and Micheal (watch) ________ TV late yesterday night.
9. Your friend (be) ________ at your house last weekend?
10. They (not be) ________ excited about the film last night.
EXERCISE 1.8: Viết lại câu dùng từ gợi ý đã cho
1. Yesterday/I/see/him/on/way/come home.
_________________________________________________
2. What/you/do/last night/you/look/tired/when/come/my house.
_________________________________________________
3. She/not/eat/anything/because/tired.
_________________________________________________
4. dogs/go/out/her/go shopping/They/look/happy.
_________________________________________________
5. you/not/study/lesson?
_________________________________________________
6. Where/your family/go/summer/holiday/last year?
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 _________________________________________________
7. She/tired/hear/customer’s complaint/yesterday?
_________________________________________________
8. He/not/happy/last night/because/he/lose/money
_________________________________________________
9. They/at/work/yesterday?
_________________________________________________
10. You/not/Bangkok/November/last year?
_________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1.9: Complete the sentences with the correct simple past form of the verb.

An Online Order

1. Anders (order)________ printer in online yesterday

2. The next morning he (realize) __________ he (need) _________colored ink too.

3. He (try)___________to call the company to add more, but no one (answer)

___________and there (be) ___________ no voicemail.

4. Anders (worry) ________ that the website (be) ___________fake.

5. He (email) ___________the company and (explain) ________ his situation.

6. The manager (respond) ___________ a few hours later and (fix) ___________ the order
quickly.

7. Anders (relax) ________ when he (receive) ________ a confirmation email from the
company.

EXERCISE 1.10: Take turns asking and answering questions. You can answer yes or no.

SITUATION: You just came back from a vacation in Greece. Your friend is asking you
questions.

Examples: fly back last night?

PARTNER A: Did you fly back last night?

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PARTNER B: Yes, I flew back last night.

Happy to see your cousins?

PARTNER A: Were you happy to see your cousins?

PARTNER B: Yes, I was happy to see my cousins.

Partner A ( book open ) Partner A ( book open )

Partner B ( book closed ) Partner B ( book closed )

1. have a great trip? 8. speak a little Greek?

2. come back feeling rested? 9. eat in typical Greek restaurants?

3. meet all your cousins? 10. lie on the beach?

4. hang out with* local people? 11. buy some Greek sandals?

5. do a lot of tourist activities? 12. bring me a souvenir?

6. excited to be there? 13. take a lot of photos?

7. spend time in museums? 14. sad to leave Greece?

EXERCISE 1.11 ( E25 chap 1): Listen to the beginning of each sentence. Circle the correct completion(s).
More than one completion may be possible.

1. happy. good about my decision. on some ice.

2. two classes. about his wife. at night.

3. the car with gas? sick? OK?

4. with colored pencils. several faces. for several hours.

5. in the woods some money. the rain.

6. a picture. from math class. some money from the bank.

7. my hand. some nee. was cooking.

8. the washing machine? these jeans? my shirt?

9. at the sad ending. the actors. when the play finished.

10. over the fence. very quickly. in a sunny spot.

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UNIT 2 - FUTURE SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

A. FUTURE SIMPLE

Prediction

(a) According to the weather report, it will be

sunny tomorrow.

(b) According to the weather report, it is.

going to be sunny tomorrow.

Prior Plan

(c) - Why did you buy this dress?

- I am going to have an important meeting

tomorrow.
Willingness

(d) - The phone is ringing.

- I’ll get it.

(e) - How deep is her love?

- I don’t know. She won’t tell me.

(f) The car won’t start. Maybe the battery is

dead.

EXERCISE 2.1

Decide if each italicized verb expresses a prediction, a prior plan, or willingness.

Chatting Before Dinner

1. Dinner's almost ready. I'll set the table. prediction plan willingness

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2. I think you'll love this soup. The recipe is from the prediction plan willingness
restaurant we went to.

3. Don't worry about the spilled coffee. I'll clean it up. prediction plan willingness

4. Your dad called. He has some vacation time. He prediction plan willingness
is going to take next week off.

5. Oh no! I burned the rice. Someday, there is going prediction plan willingness
to be an alarm to prevent that!

6. I'm going to take some soup to my grandmother prediction plan willingness

tomorrow. She's coming down with a cold.

7. Uh-oh. It looks like the refrigerator light is out. prediction plan willingness
I'll pick up one tomorrow.

8. I'm going to help the kids with their homework after prediction plan willingness
dinner.

EXERCISE 2.2 :
Fill in the blanks the correct form of the words

1. My staff (repair)__________ essential documents for you tomorrow morning.

2. _______ the manager (hold)_____________ the meeting in 10 minutes?
3. I guess our teacher (not correct)_______________the test tomorrow.
4. They (build) _________ a new bridge for the locals in the next two year
5. Mrs. Elein (take)________________ over my position as accounting manger next month.
6. Next week, I (travel) ______ to Maldives, one of the most attractive islands in the world.
7. Tomorrow, the supervisor of the academic department, Ms. Helen
(prepare)___________ all the documents that were needed for the next report.
8. Professors believe that the oil price(reduce) _______________ in the next 3 months.
9. She supposes that they (sell) ______________ the concert ticket by now.

B. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

1. SPELLING OF –ING & -ED FORM:

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90
 2. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

I am

Affirmative He, She, It is singing.

You, We, They are

I am not
Negative
He, She, It is not singing.

You, We, They are not

Am I

Is he, she, it singing?

Question
Are you, we, they

Diễn t HÀNH ĐỘNG ĐANG XẢY RA t i th i iểm hiện tại

At the moment
At this time
Today
(right) now
At present

Example:
She is studying now.
C y ang h c b y gi .)

EXERCISE 2.3: Let's talk.

Work in small groups. Each member of the group should contribute one sentence for each
topic. Share some of your sentences with the class.
1. Tell your group one daily habit you have.
2. Look around the room. Make a sentence about one activity that is happening right
now.
3. Give one statement about a general truth about the world.

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 EXERCISE 2.4: Looking at grammar.
Choose the correct completions in the text

EXERCISE 2.5: Listening.

Listen to the sentences. Choose all the correct completions.

Outdoors
1. right now. every day. in the summer.

2. today. in the winter. every April.

3. every year. right now. this week.

4. right now. today. every winter.

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5. every summer. right now. in the spring.

6. this week. every January. every winter.

7. right now. every summer. this month.

EXERCISE 2.6
Choose the correct answer

1. This isn’t my book. This _____ to Mai

a. belongs b. is belonging

2. Ask Ahmed for your book. He __________ it.

a. has b. is having
3. Your book is over there. Ahmed ___________ it.

a. holds b. is holding

4. Olga is smiling. She __________ a good time.

a. has b. is having
5. Relax. Everything is OK. I ___________ you.

a. believe b. am believing
6. My computer says my file no longer ___________ .

a. exists b. is existing

EXERCISE 2.7: Choose the correct completions.

1. A: What are you looking / do you look at?

B: You! You look/ are looking like your father.
A: Are you thinking/ Do you think so? Many people tell me I am resembling/
resemble my mother.

B: I see / am seeing your father's face when I look at you.

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 2. A: Why are mosquitos existing/ do mosquitos exist?

B: I know/ am knowing one reason: they are a food source for other animals.

3. Right now I sit / am sitting in the cafeteria. Yoko texts I is texting. Ming is opening/
opens his lunch. Jae is taking/ takes a bite of his sandwich. Ali is staring / stares off
into space.

He seems /is seeming to be daydreaming, but perhaps he thinks / is thinking about

the test next hour. What do you think / are you thinking Ali is doing /does?

EXERCISE 2.8 ( E18 chap 1.)

Complete the sentences with the given verbs. Then listen to the forecast and check your
answers.

Weather Report

Hello, this is Gayle Givens, yourWWKK weather reporter. Well, it certainly (be) ________ a
beautiful day today. I (stand) ________ here at City Park and boy, the sun sure (shine)
________ · Hundreds of people enjoy ________ the warmer temperatures today. There
(be) ________ not a cloud in the sky. We (look) ________ at a perfect day right now, but it
(look) ________ like some clouds (form) ________ over the ocean and colder air (move)
________ in. We (forecast) ________ cooler temperatures for tomorrow. I(think)________
rain (be) ________ unlikely, however. Stay tuned for the three-day forecast right after this
message.

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 UNIT 3 - PAST PROGRESSIVE AND FUTURE
PROGRESSIVE

A. PAST PROGRESSIVE

Affirmative I, He, She, It was singing.

You, We, They were singing.

Negative I, He, She, It was not singing

You, We, They were not singing

Question Was I, he, she, it singing?

Were you, we, they singing?

Diễn t HÀNH ĐỘNG ĐANG XẢY RA t i m t th i iểm trong quá khứ

At this time last night

At this moment last year
At this exact same time yesterday
At 8 p.m last night
While

Example:
At this time last night, he was studying.

V o ng th i iểm n y t i qua, anh y ang h c)

EXERCISE 3.1 Listening

Part I. Anna had a scary experience last night. Listen to her story with your book closed. Then open
your book and listen to the statements. Circle "T" for true and "F" for
false.

1.T F 2.T F 3.T F 4.T F 5.T F 6.T F

Part II. Listen again. Complete the sentences with the verbs you hear

A Scary Night

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I ________ a terrible experience last night. You won't

believe what happened! A man ________ into my apartment while I was asleep. There I was, just
sleeping peacefully when someone ________ the glass in the sliding door!

The sound_______me up. I ________ the sliding door open, so I reached for the phone by the bed
and called the police. My voice________as I told the operator there was an intruder in my home.

I ______ in my bedroom closet when the burglar______ into my room. Soon I ______ sirens as the
police ______ to my building. From the crack in the closet door, I ______ the burglar as he ______
outside with my laptop.

The police jumped out of their cars and followed him, but he managed to get away in a car that was
waiting for him. The police ________ back in their cars and drove after him. Later I learned that they
________ him a few miles from my building. I ______ really frightened by all this. It really ________
me, as you can imagine. I'm staying at my sister's house. for the rest of the week.

EXERCISE 3.2 Looking at grammar

Last Night

1. Between 6:00 and 9:00 P.M, I (sit) ___was sitting____ in class. I had a lot of things on my
mind. I (think) __________ about some issues. I (listen, not) ---------- to the teacher.
2. It was a beautiful evening when I walked home. The moon (shine) --------- over the water,
and a warm breeze (blow) ----------
3. I (stop) by a friend's apartment, but he (be, not) ________ home. He (sit) in heavy traffic. He
(get, not) -------- home until 10:00.
4. My neighbors (argue) ________about something when I (walk) ________by them outside
my apartment building.
5. A package (wait) ________for me at home. I (open) ________it and (find)__________ an
early birthday present.
6. While I (read) ___________ to my nephew, he (fall)___________ asleep, so I
(cover)___________him up and (sneak)____________ out of the room.

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EXERCISE 3.3
Write "1" before the action that started first. Write "2" before the action that started
second.

A Stormy Walk Home

I. Hi Mom. I was leaving you a voicemail when you picked up.*

a. _1_ I was leaving you a voicemail.

b. _2_You picked up.

2. I had a terrible walk home. When the storm started, I was coming home from work.

a. __The storm started.

b. __ I was coming home.

3. A painter next door was climbing a ladder when lightning hit the house.

a. __ A painter was climbing a ladder.

b. __ Lightning hit the house.

4. I heard him yell while I was running for cover.

a. __ I heard him yell.

b. __ I was running for cover.

5. He fell off the ladder when he saw the flash.

Fortunately he's OK.

a. __ He fell off the ladder.

b.__ He saw the flash

EXERCISE 3.4

Work with a partner. Complete the sentences with the given verbs and the words in parentheses. Use the
simple past or the past progressive. Practice one of the conversations and perform it for the class or a small
group. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner.

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1. break /cross/slip
A: How (you) __________ your arm?
B: I on the ice while I__________ the street in front of the dorm.

2. find /look /park

A: You're a half-hour late. Where were you?
B: I for a place to park.

A: (you) ____________ one?

B: Well, yes and no. I___________ my car illegally.

3. ask/decide/look/see/work
A: How did it go? (you) __________ the manager for a raise when you __________ her
yesterday?

B:No, she ___________ on a big presentation for next week. She __________ pretty busy.
I__________ to wait until later

4. want/miss/be/give
A: ( you) __________in the meeting?
B: No, I the bus and (not) __________to walk into the room while Dr.
Romero__________his speech.

5. drive/get/happen/keep/pay/see

A: I had a bad day yesterday.

B: Oh? What __________ ?

A: I ________ a traffic ticket.

B: Really? That's too bad. What was it for?

A: For running a red light. I__________ home and (not)_____________attention to the

road. I (not)_________the red light and just __________ driving.

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 B. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

(a) I will begin to study at seven.

You will come at eight. I will be
studying when you come.

b Don’t call me at nine because

I won’t be home. I am going to
be studying at the library.
(c) Don’t worry. She will be
coming soon.

(d) Don’t worry. She will come

soon.

EXERCISE 3.5 Looking at grammar

Complete the sentences with the future progressive (will be doing) and the verbs in the box.
lie see use sleep watch take work wait decorate listen

1. When you come back home I ………………………………………… in my bed.

2. In a few days’ time we ……………………………………. on the beach.

3. I’ll call Jim at si . He …………………………………….. in his office then.

4. I’ll tell him. I ……………………………………. him on the train as usual.

5. We can’t meet you on Saturday. We ……………………………………. our house at the weekend.

6. In a ten years’ time most people ……………………………………. electric cars.

7. I’ll come at one o’clock. – OK. I ……………………………………. for you.

8. It won’t be easy to get in. The warden …………………………… the gate closely.

9. Will you help me tonight? – Sorry, I ……………………………………. to the concert on the radio.

10. This time tomorrow my sister ……………………………………. her entrance e am.

EXERCISE 3.6 Listening.

Listen to each situation. Choose the sentence (a. or b.) that correctly describes it.

New Careers?

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Example:

You will hear:

Kristi and her husband have had several conversations in the past few months about
changing careers.

You will choose:

a.They have thought about changing careers.

b. They changed careers a few months ago.

1. a. Kristi knows how to design websites.

b. Kristi is learning how to design websites.

2. a. Her husband knows how to design websites.

b. Her husband is learning how to design websites.

3. a. Kristi is working as a nurse but finds it stressful.

b. Kristi has experience as a nurse.

4. a. Eric is designing websites now.

b. Eric designed websites when he was in college.

5. a. Eric wants his parents to work for him part-time.

b. His parents have already done work for Eric part-time.

EXERCISE 3.7: Fill in the blanks the correct form of the words.
1. The tourist lost his laptop while he________________ (travel) around the city.
2. At this time last summer, she ______________ (not attend) the summer course at Happy
Garden English Center.
3. Why _____ they ____________ (run) right now?
4. The chief engineer ________________ (not inform) all the workers about the new
project at the moment.
5. Unfortunately, at 8 PM tonight, Jenny ______________ (work) on her essay so she won’t
be able to join the party.

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EXERCISE 3.8
Complete the sentences wih the correct form of the words

1. At this time tomorrow, we (fly) ______________ to New York.

2. At nine o'clock, the baby (sleep) ______________.
3. Lilly and Neil are on their way to California. They (surf) ______________ this time
tomorrow.
4. I (give) ______________ a speech at my friend’s wedding on Friday at seven.
5. You (watch/probably) ______________ TV when I get home.
6. They (dance/not) ______________ all night.
7. We are late, he (wait/not) ______________ for us anymore.
8. She (study/not) ______________ until midnight.
9. I (prepare/not) ______________ everything for you any longer.
10. With your bad work ethic, you (work/not/probably) ______________ for this
company anymore next year.
11. (What/you/do) ______________ tomorrow evening?
12. (How many people/drink) ______________ beer at the party?
13. (Jane/play) ______________ the piano at the performance?
14. (Who/deal) ______________ with the press release?
15. (Where/you/stay) ______________ when you’re in Dublin?

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 UNIT 4 - PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST PERFECT
A. PRESENT PERFECT

(a) Jane has been a teacher since 2002.

(b) I have been in this city since last

May.

(c) We have been here since 9:00 AM.

(d) Rita knows Bob. They met two

months ago. She has known him for

two months. I met him three years ago.
I have known him for three years.

(e) I have known Bob since I was in

college.

(f) A: Have you ever seen snow?

B: No, I haven’t. I have never seen

snow. But Anna has seen snow.

(g) I still haven’t finished my

homework. Jack has already finished
his. Have you finished your homework
yet?

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 (h) We have had three tests so far this
term.

(i) I’ve met many people since I came

here.

EXERCISE 4.1
Change the verb into the correct form

1. I (read) ___________ your book several times.

2. She (wear) ___________that skirt many times.
3. My family (visit) ___________ Brazil a few times.
4. I (eat) ___________already.
5. Marta (finish) ___________ her homework.
6. You (break) ___________ the glass again.
7. They (pay) ___________ for everything.
8. It (never snow) ___________ like that.
9. I (meet) ___________ Anna once.
10. We (see) ___________ him before.
11. You (buy) ___________ 4 cars so far.
12. There (be) ___________ problems.
13. I (have) ___________ a snake.
14. Maria (raise) ___________ a monkey.
15. The kids (grow) ___________ so much!

EXERCISE 4.2
Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or the present perfect form of the verbs in parentheses.

1. Noor is from a hot, dry country. She (see, never) _________________________

snow. Last January, I (see) __________________________ snow for the first time in
my life.

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 2. Last night my friend and I (have) _________________________ some free time, so
we (go) _________________________ to a show. Since classes began, I (have, not)
_________________________ much free time.
3. Ming Won (be) _________________________ in this class for three months. His
English is getting better and better3. He plans to take this class4 until the end of May.
Mrs. Perez (be) _________________________ in our class for three months, but
then she left school to get a job.
4. Late-breaking news5! A major earthquake6 (occur7, just)
_________________________ in southern California. It (occur)
_________________________ at 9:25 A.M.
5. A: Greg Adams? Yes, I know him. I (know) _________________________ him since
college.
B: Did Natalie just say Joe North passed away8? I'm sorry to hear that. I (know)
_________________________ him well when we were in college together.
6. I admit that I (get) _________________________ older since I last (see)
________________________ you, but with any luck at all, I (get, also)
_________________________ wiser.

EXERCISE 4.3. Looking at listening

Complete the sentences with is, has, or have. Write the full forms, not the contractions.

At Home with Roommates

Example: You will hear: Finally! The mail's come.

You will write: Finally! The mail has come.

1. Someone's phone ___________ ringing. It's not mine.

2. Your girlfriend __________ just left a message.
3. Her friends __________ canceled, so she's free tonight.
4. The coffee __________ fresh. Have some.
5. It looks like your package __________ arrived.
6. Your sister ___________ downstairs. She's borrowing some boxes for her move.
7. Our neighbors ___________ planned a party for next weekend.
8. What ___________ we told them? Are we going?
B. PAST PERFECT

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 (a) Sam arrived at 10:00. Ann left
at 9:30.

In other words, Ann had already

left when Sam arrived.

(b) By the time Sam got there, Ann had already left.

(c) Sam had left before Ann got there.

(d) Sam left beforeAnngotthere.

(e) Ann got there after Sam had left.

(f) Ann got there after Sam left.

(g) Written: Bill felt great that evening. Earlier in the day, Annie
had caught one fish, and he had caught three. They had had a
delicious picnic near the lake and then had gone swimming
again. It had been a nearly perfect vacation day.

EXERCISE 4.4

1) When I arrived at the cinema, the film (start)___________________.

2) She (live) __________________ in China before she went to Thailand.

3) After they (eat) __________________ the shellfish, they began to feel sick.

4) If you (listen) __________________to me, you would have got the job.

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5) Julie didn't arrive until after I (leave) __________________.

6) When we (finish) __________________dinner, we went out.

7) The garden was dead because it (be) __________________ dry all summer.

8) He (meet) __________________ her somewhere before.

9) We were late for the plane because we (forget) __________________ our passports.

10) She told me she (study) __________________a lot before the exam.

11) The grass was yellow because it (not/rain) __________________ all summer.

12) The lights went off because we (not/pay) __________________ the electricity bill.

13) The children (not/do) __________________ their homework, so they were in trouble.

14) They (not/eat) __________________ so we went to a restaurant.

15) We couldn't go into the concert because we (not/bring) __________________our

tickets.

16) She said that she (not/visit) __________________ the UK before.

17) Julie and Anne (not/meet) __________________ before the party.

18) I (not/have) __________________ breakfast when he arrived.

19) He (not/use) __________________email before, so I showed him how to use it.

20) You (not/study) __________________ for the test, so you were very nervous.

EXERCISE 4.5
Complete the sentences with the given verbs and the simple past or past perfect.

1. feel/ forget/ look/ offer

I got ready to pay the bill13, but when I ____________________ in my purse14, I discovered
that I_____________________ my wallet15. I _____________________ so embarrassed16.
My friend generously17 _____________________ to pay my part of the bill for me.

2. lose/ recognize18/ run/ talk

Yesterday at the airport, I ____________________ into Rick Collins, an old friend of mine. I

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(not) ____________________ to him in years. At first, I (not) ____________________ him
because he ____________________ a great deal of weight19.

3. decide/ go/ see

During my lunch break, I ____________________ to go to the art museum. I (never)
__________ __________ any of Picasso's paintings before I ____________________ there.

EXERCISE 4.6: Looking at listening

Listen to the sentences. You will hear reduced forms for had, would, has, and have. Write their non-reduced
forms.

Examples:
You will hear: The kids'd stayed up too late. They were late for school.
You will write: The kids had stayed up too late. They were late for school.

You will hear: The kids'd like to stay up late. There's no school tomorrow.
You will write: The kids would like to stay up late. There's no school tomorrow.

You will hear: The kids've stayed up too late. They need to go to bed.
You will write: The kids have stayed up too late. They need to go to bed.

1. a. You're a new student, aren't you? How long _______________ you been in this
country?

b. You left your job? How long _______________ you been there?

2. a. You're looking for Jack? Jack _______________ left. He isn't here.

b. We were looking for Sam, but he _______________ left by the time we got there.

3. a. Since we’re teachers, we have the summers off and do a lot of traveling. We

_______________ like to travel to Africa next.

b. We _______________ wanted to travel with my parents on our last trip, but they
became ill and needed to cancel.

107
4. a. Unfortunately, my phone died when we were lost. I _______________ forgotten to

recharge it.

b. My phone’s dead, and I _______________ forgotten to bring the charger.

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 UNIT 5 - FUTURE PERFECT
A. FUTURE PERFECT

I will graduate in June. I will

see you in July. By the time I
see you, I will have
graduated.

EXERCISE 5.1 Looking at grammar

Choose the correct verbs.

A Hospital Stay

1. Roger will get to the hospital early tomorrow morning. He will stay / will have stayed
there for a week. He is going to have back surgery.
2. When Roger leaves the hospital, he will stay / will have stayed there a week.
3. After Roger has back surgery, he will go / will have gone to the recovery room.
4. When Roger wakes up, he will be / will have been asleep for six hours.
5. When Roger first walks, he will need / will have needed assistance.
6. By the time Roger can walk unassisted, he will have / will have had many hours of
physical therapy.
7. Several specialists will help / will have helped Roger by the time he goes home.

EXERCISE 5.2
Choose the correct answer.

1. Brian _______________ part in this science project for 10 years before he quitted.
A. Has taken B. took C. had taken D. take
2. New – opened factories __________________ thousand of new jobs for the locals since
the beginning of last year.
A. created B. had created C. has created D. have created
3. My younger brother _________________ of being a sailor until he failed the entrance
physical examination.
A. Dream B. had dreamt C. was dreaming D. has been dreaming

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4. The tourism industry in Vietnam _______________ at a tremendous rate over the last
decade.
A. Are progressing B. will progress C. progress D. has progressed
5. She has been so busy lately. She hasn’t found any time to meet her boyfriend _________.
A. Yet B. already C. ago D. soon
6. Fortunately, the science fair project in which our team put much effort was approved by
the Councilor earlier than we ____________________.
A. Expect B. had expected C. are expecting D were expected
7. The price of DHC joint stock company _________________ down by 3% during the last 6
months.
A. Has gone B. have gone C. went D. will have gone
8. The old captain persistently said that he had no idea where exactly his
cruise _______ the treasure.
A. Has hidden B. have been hiding C. hid D. had hidden
9. The company explained that it ______________ the waste in the river because the
chemical treatment plant was not functioning.
A. Dumped B. was dumped C. had dumped D. had been dumped
10. All other candidates________________ their demo teaching performance by 12 P.M
tomorrow morning.
A. Had finished B. finished C. will have finished D. were finished
11. In total, Casa Corporation ________________ more than $200 to get over the
communication crisis since the beginning of July.
A. Will pay B. has paid C. Will have paid D. Will be paid
12. Eddie __________________ five accidents in the last three months. He is such an
unskillful driver.
A. Has caused B. caused C. will have caused D. had caused

13. The travel agency ________________ more than 10,000 clients since it spent more
money on advertising.

A. Attracts B. attract C. was attracted D. has attracted

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14. Sales of supplement dietary rose from June to December, except for powdered milk,
probably as there ________________ a controversial about unverified ingredients in this
products in May.

A. Had been B. was C. were D. have been

15. We __________ 150 inhabitants for brand awareness but no one has recognized our
brand yet.
A. has investigated B. had investigated C. have investigated D. investigated

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 UNIT 6 - ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

A. HOW TO IDENTIFY ADJECTIVES

… by its morphemes … by its position in the sentence

Adjectives can go before We can often recognize an adjective by its morphemes

the noun or after linking verbs
such as be, become, seem:
 What a beautiful flower!
 This bridge looks unsafe.
 -al: national, cultural, annual, emotional, medical
 -ful: beautiful, careful, useful, peaceful, successful
 -ive: active, attractive, impressive, expensive
 -able: comfortable, miserable, available, suitable
 -ous: dangerous, serious, humorous, continuous,
famous, adventurous
 -ish: selfish, childish
 -ly: daily, monthly, friendly, lovely
 -ed: bored, interested, excited, amazed
 -ing: boring, interesting, exciting, amazing

EXERCISE 6.1: Looking at grammar.

Complete the table.
Nouns Adjectives Adverbs
care
hope
difficulty
bore
interest
excite
nation
nature

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 danger
humor
fame
beauty
peace
profession
child
comfort
annoy
surprise
ambition
tradition

B. -ED/-ING ADJECTIVES
- The problem confuses the
students.
(a) It is a confusing problem.
- The students are confused by the
problem.
(b) They are confused students.
The present participle can serve as an adjective with
an active meaning. The noun it modifies performs an
action.
In (a): The noun problem does something; it
confuses. Thus, it is described as a "confusing
problem."
The past participle can serve as an adjective with a
passive meaning.
In (b): The students are confused by something. Thus,
they are described as "confused students."

- The story amuses the children. In (c): The noun story performs the action.

(c) It is an amusing story. In (d): The noun children receives the action.
- The children are amused by the
story.
(d) They are amused children.

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(e) It was a delightful story. There are exceptions to these rules. For example,
(f) It was a scary story. there is no adjective -ing form for delight and scare,
as in (e) and (f).

EXERCISE 6.2: Looking at grammar

Match the sentences to the pictures. Some sentences describe neither picture.

1. __________ The monster is frightened. 4. __________ The child is frightening.

2. __________ The monster is frightening. 5. __________ The tiger is frightened.
3. __________ The child is frightened. 1. __________ The tiger is frightening.

EXERCISE 6.3. Grammar and listening.

Listen to the sentences. Choose the words you hear.
Example:
 You will hear: We went on an exciting roller
coaster1 ride.
 You will choose: excite exciting excited
1. frighten frightening frightened
2. scare scary scared
3. excite exciting excited

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4. thrill thrilling thrilled
5. finish finishing finished
6. thrill thrilling thrilled
EXERCISE 6.4: Looking at grammar.
Complete the sentence. Use the correct form of the adjectives in the brackets.
1. She's a big dog but you don't need to be (frighten) ____________________.
2. The instructions for my new coffee machine are really (confuse)
____________________.
3. I loved my Maths teacher! Lessons with her were never (bore)
____________________.
4. That shop never has any customers. I'm (surprise) ___________________ it's still
there.
5. The battery on my phone only lasts about two hours. It's really (annoy)
________________.
6. I was (disappoint) ___________________ that I didn't get the job.
7. I'm reading a really (interest) ___________________ book.
8. There's nothing more (excite) ___________________ than riding on a roller coaster.
9. You look (worry) ___________________. What's wrong?
10. Did you see the magician2? He was (amaze) ___________________.

EXERCISE 6.5: Looking at grammar.

Choose the correct adjective form for each blank.
1. Halloween was probably the most _______________ film I have ever seen
(FRIGHTENED / FRIGHTENING).
2. I always get so _______________ when my dad starts speaking English
(EMBARRASSED / EMBARRASSING).
3. I am _______________ to see how well he gets along with his stepfather 3.
(SURPRISED/SURPRISING)
4. The lesson was so _______________ that I fell asleep4 (BORED/ BORING).
5. The teacher is really (AMUSING/AMUSED) so the lesson passes quickly.
6. You've been walking for 5 hours. You must feel _______________ (EXHAUSTED/
EXHAUSTING).

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 7. I was _______________ when I saw him in that outfit6
8. for the first time. (FRIGHTENED/FRIGHTENING)
9. I didn't like the film. The plot was rather simple and _______________.
(UNINTERESTED/ UNINTERESTING)
10. It's _______________ to see how many people didn't care to vote7 in the last
election8. (SURPRISED/ SURPRISING)
11. You look a bit _______________ . Don't you know what you're supposed to do?
(CONFUSED/ CONFUSING)
12. I saw that my boss was very ___________ with how I behaved. (ANNOYED/
ANNOYING)
13. They were all very _______________ by the performance10 of the actors.
(IMPRESSED/ IMPRESSING)
14. The school trip was really _______________ . I learned a lot of things I hadn't known
before. (EXCITED/ EXCITING)
15. It was _______________ to have met such a great movie star. (THRILLED/
THRILLING)
16. He felt _______________ enough to go to sleep standing up (TIRED/TIRING)

C. ADVERBS’ FUNCTIONS
a) He walks quickly.
b) She opened the door quietly.
c) I am extremely happy.
d) Ann will come tomorrow.
Midsentence adverbs:
e) Ann always comes on time.
f) Ann is always on time.
g) Ann has always come on time. 
Adverbs modify verbs. Often they answer the question
“How?”
In a) How does he walk?  Quickly
Adverbs are also used to modify adjectives, i.e, to give
information about adjectives, as in c)
Adverbs are also used to express time or frequency. Ex:
tomorrow, today, yesterday, soon, never, usually,
always, yet.
Some adverbs may occur in the middle of a sentence.
Midsentence adverbs have usual positions; they:
 Come in front of verbs (except be), as in e);
Follow be, as in f);

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h) Does she always come on  Come between a helping verb and a main verb, as
time? in g)
In a question, a midsentence adverb comes directly
after the subject, as in h)

D. HOW TO FORM THE ADVERBS

Adjective + ly
Adjectives ending in y  ily
Adjectives ending in -le  ly
Adjectives ending in -ly
They looked at their broken vase sadly.
He went quietly into the bedroom.
She opened the letter nervously5.
They shouted at the naughty kids angrily.
The children played in the garden happily.
We drank our glasses of orange juice thirstily.
The children did their maths homework terribly.
He was capably supported by his friends.
She stroke her dog's head gently.

friendly in a friendly way / manner daily daily

lively in a lively way / manner early early

lonely in a lonely way / manner monthly monthly

lovely in a lovely way / manner weekly weekly

silly in a silly way / manner yearly yearly

Irregular forms

good well low low

fast fast straight straight

hard hard extra extra

long long doubtless doubtless

Double forms

hard hard hardly = barely

near near nearly = almost

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 late late lately = recently

EXERCISE 6.6: Looking at grammar

Look at the information in the first sentence and put in the adverbs. Be careful with spelling.
1. Emma’s toothache11 was terrible. Emma’s tooth ached12 _________________.
2. Henry was angry. Henry shouted _________________ at the waiter.
3. I’m happy sitting here. I can sit here _________________ for hours.
4. The machine is automatic14. It switches itself off _________________.
5. The debate15 should be public. We need to debate the matter _________________.
6. Everyone was enthusiastic16. Everyone discussed the idea _________________.
7. We should be reasonable17. Can’t we discuss the problem _________________.
8. The building has to be secure. Did you lock all the doors _________________?
9. Nobody expected18 Duy was coming to see us. He arrived _________________.
10. Tom is good at English. He speaks English very _________________.

EXERCISE 6.7: Looking at grammar

Adverbs or adjectives? Choose the correct forms.
A.
I had a (1) strange/strangely dream last night. I was in a garden. It was getting (2)
dark/darkly and it was (3) terrible/terribly13 cold. My head was aching (4) bad/badly I was
walking out of the garden when (5) sudden/suddenly I saw a girl. She was sitting (6)
quiet/quietly on a seat. She seemed very (6) unhappy/unhappily. She looked up and smiled
(7) sad/sadly at me. I felt (8) anxious/anxiously for some reasons. I wanted to be (9)
friend/friendly so I tried (10) hard/hardly to think of something to say. But I couldn't. I just
stood there (11) foolish/foolishly.

B.

Well, here I am in England. Thank you for your (1) kind/kindly letter. You ask me what it's
like here. I must say, it's pretty (2) good/well. The language school is very (3)
efficient20/efficiently organized21. On the first morning we had to do a test, which I found
rather (4) hard/hardly. However, I got a (5) surprising/surprisingly good mark, so I'm in the

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second class. I didn't talk much at first, because I couldn't think of the worlds (6)
quick/quickly enough, but (7) late/lately I've become much more (8) fluent/fluently. I'm
staying with a family who live (9) near/nearly the school. They are quite (10)
pleasant/pleasantly, although I don't see much of them because I'm always so (11)
busy/busily with my friends from school. I was surprised how (12) easy/easily I made new
friends here. They come from (13) different/differently parts of the world and we have
some (14) absolute22/absolutely fascinating discussions. I do hope you will be able to join
me here next term. I'm sure we'd have (15) good/well fun together.

EXERCISE 6.8: Looking at grammar

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets.
1. Mr. Parks' lessons are really _______________. I hate his lessons. (bore)
2. My sisters are very _______________. (ambition)
3. I am so _______________t hat we are going to New York tomorrow. (excite)
4. Women wear these skirts _______________. (tradition)
5. His job is to paint houses and put paper on the walls. He is a/an _______________.
(decorate)
6. I want to see the National Theater's _______________ of Arthur Miller's 'The Last
Yankee'. (present)
7. Are you _______________ in the latest developments in technology? (interest)
8. She is a very _______________ woman. (love)
9. There is friendly _______________ between the two teams. (relation)
10. Is it your final _______________? (decide)
11. I don't like this team at all. They play _______________. (awful)
12. I am _______________ with her. (disgust)
13. Do you always behave9 _______________ when your naughty nieces come to visit?
(tolerance)
14. My nephew is a professional _______________. (design)
15. I don’t like eating _______________ cabbages. (cook)

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 UNIT 7 – OBJECTS

1. Direct object
- T n ng Object l th nh ph n bao g m nh ng t ho c cụm t ng sau ng t
(ch h nh ng) ch u sự t c ng c a ch ng .
- V dụ:
Ann loves Nam
S V O
- Note: an object cannot be the subject of a verb.

2. Verbs with 2 Objects

- Đ ng t v i nghĩa Trao/gửi/nói… VD: give, offer, provide, present, lend, buy, tell,
say, show, send, give,… C thể theo sau b i 2 tân ngữ: T n ng trực ti p v t n ng
gi n ti p
- V dụ:
Give me your money.
V Oi Od
- Od: Direct Object T n ng trực ti p): ng i hay v t ch u sự t c ng c a ng t .
- Oi: Indirect Object T n ng gi n ti p): ch ng i/v t nh n Od.

3. Transitive (Vt) & Intransitive Verbs (Vi):

- Transitive Verbs (Ngo i ng t ) ph i c t n ng theo sau
- V dụ:
Ann wrote this letter
S Vt O
- Intransitive verbs (N i ng t kh ng c n ph i c t n ng .
- V dụ:
I swim
S Vi

4. Forms of Objects:
4.1. Noun/Noun Phrase:
V dụ: The company opened a new branch.
S V O
4.2. Pronoun:
V dụ: Mr. Hopkins doesn’t know her.
S V O
4.3. V-ing:
V dụ: I finished preparing my presentation.
S V O

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 4.4. To-V:
V dụ: The manager wants to see the results.
S V O
4.5. A clause
V dụ: He asked that we update our computers.
S V O
EXERCISE 7.1: X c nh S-V-O trong c c c u sau y:

1. When I came home, my mother was cooking dinner.

2. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any preparation for it.

3. The convention center has a lot of exciting new events next week.

4. The boss gave his staff some helpful tips about how to attract customers.

5. The last time we spoke, you mentioned that the CEO would go on a business trip in

July.

6. The sales clerk sold me the copy machine.

7. The reduction in the research budget caused a delay in the design process.

8. Because of his poor performance, the director dismissed the company’s manager.

9. Company employees at the construction site on Bowron street always wear safety

helmets at a protective measure.

10. The attendants should send Ms. Xiaolin the questionaires.

11. Ms. Mike Thuy deleted thespreadsheet file containing the financial data.

12. We will send the clients an email about the upcoming event.

13. The manager gives the members of the marketing department a tight deadline for

the proposal.

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Ex 7.2: Choose the best answer.

1. The board of directors will gather to …………….the problem ne t month.

A. do C. solve
B. participate D. apply
2. The manual …………….lots of information on how to use the machine.
A. makes C. has
B. is D. seems
3. The new manager made …………….work overtime without any e ception.
A. us C. our
B. we D. ours
4. Many people …………….in line in the lobby.
A. made C. wrote
B. recommended D. waited
5. All of the applicants …………….the system very inconvenient.
A. became C. turned
B. found D. mentioned
6. He …………….the doctor’s office to make an appointment.
A. called C. caller
B. calling D. to call
7. The Madison Hotel …………….guests free coffee and drinks in the lobby.
A. becomes C. offers
B. finds D. keeps
8. The …………….looked effective, and the board of directors liked it.
A. propose C. proposed
B. proposal D. proposes
9. Mr. Kim ……………..the seminar in the conference room.
A. attended C. to attend
B. attending D. attendance
10. Many people ……………..for the position.
A. applicant C. applied

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 B. application D. to apply
11. The plant manager ……………..a day-long safety workshop.
A. organizing C. organization
B. to organize D. organized
12. The sales department ……………..sales goals for the last quarter.
A. reached C. reachable
B. to reach D. reaching
13. Applicants should ……………..necessary documents to the personnel office.
A. submitting C. to submit
B. submitted D. submit
14. You must ……………..your supervisor when you are late for work.
A. notify C. notification
B. to notify D. notifying
15. This hotel can easily ……………..a large tour group.
A. accommodate C. accommodated
B. to accommodate D. accommodation
16. We didn’t ……………..the production deadline.
A. meeting C. met
B. meet D. to meet
17. The company will ……………..its new high-speed copy machine.
A. introduction C. introduced
B. introducing D. introduce
18. Ms. Rebecca has ……………..the proposal in person.
A. deliver C. delivering
B. to deliver D. delivers
19. The two parties have ……………..to work together on the project.
A. agreeing C. agrees
B. agree D. agreed
20. Mr. Revin has ……………..the budget report.
A. finished C. finishing
B. finish D. finishes
21. Ms. Lim has ……………..Cozy Office as a new supplier.

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 A. chosen C. chose
B. choose D. chooses
22. The accounting manager has ……………..the financial problem.
A. explain C. explanation
B. explains D. explained
23. The performance was ……………..due to the bad weather.
A. postpone C. postponing
B. postpones D. postponed
24. The management is ……………..a special bonus for all employees.
A. considering C. considerate
B. considerable D. consider
25. Detailed conference schedules are ……………..in the information packet.
A. include C. included
B. including D. includes
26. All budget reports should be ……………..by the end of this week.
A. received C. receipt
B. receiving D. receive
27. The bank will ……………..interest rates ne t month.
A. raise C. rising
B. rise D. raising
28. Our company will soon ……………..a no smoking policy.
A. implementing C. implemented
B. implementation D. implement
29. We ……………..arrangements for the Trade Conference tomorrow.
A. were making C. will have made
B. will be making D. will be made
30. Mr. Health ……………………...Richard Barth as a financial officer by next May.
A. has appointed C. will appoint
B. will have appointed D. will be appointed

Exercise 7.3. Choose the best answer.

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1. Mark ………….at the party last night.
A. were happy C. was happy
B. happy was D. was he happy
2. ………….a lot in the mountains.
A. Snows it C. it snows
B. Is snowing D. snowing is
3. Sarah and her husband ………….the movies last Saturday.
A. was going C. they went
B. went to D. went they to
4. Chicago ………….city in the Midwest.
A. is an important C. important is
B. an important is D. is it important
5. The price of oil ………….last month.
A. fell C. fell it
B. it fell D. felt
6. ………….important to have a good job.
A. Is it C. it
B. It’s D. is
7. ………….a good concert.
A. People enjoys C. People they enjoy
B. Enjoy them D. People enjoy
8. ………….us with the vocabulary e ercises.
A. Our teacher helps C. Our teacher
B. Always helps D. Helps to
9. ………….a lot of food at Jim’s house last weekend.
A. Ate we C. ate
B. We ate D. we
10. Every morning ………….coffee with her breakfast.
A. Jane she drink C. drinks
B. she drinks D. Jane drinks
11. Mr. Tailor ……………..a training program for new employees.
A. to propose C. proposing

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B. proposal D. proposed
12. During the meeting, some employees ……………..several questions.
A. asking C. to ask
B. asked D. being asked
13. The organizer ……………..the seminar with a brief introduction.
A. started C. starting
B. starter D. to start
14. My secretary ……………..the memo to the department managers.
A. sending C. sent
B. to send D. sender
15. Many physicians ……………..that e ercise is beneficial to our health.
A. agreement C. agreeing
B. to agree D. agree
16. The members of the HR department …………….every applicant’s file.
A. to review C. reviewed
B. reviewing D. reviewer
17. Mr. Smith decided to …………….for the job advertised in the newspaper.
A. apply C. do
B. recommend D. pay
18. The company is going to run a new commercial to …………….sales.
A. return C. transfer
B. quit D. promote
19. I have to …………….this final report by the end of the week.
A. solve C. participate
B. repair D. complete
20. The director strongly …………….Mr. Watson for the job of manager.
A. contracted C. quit
B. recommended D. transferred
21. Jack ……………….cold weather.
A. dislike C. is disliking
B. was disliking D. dislikes
22. Carol and Sam really ……………….the present we gave them.

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 A. love C. loves
B. was loving D. are loved
23. The CEO …………….a new management system in the board meeting.
A. will suggest C. suggesting
B. suggestion D. to suggest
24. The company technicians …………..to fi the broken computers.
A. asks C. was asking
B. is asking D. were asked
25. The family has …………..from their vacation already.
A. return C. been return
B. returned D. been returned

Exercise 7.4. Nối từ ở cột bên trái với cột bên phải để tạo thành một collocation.

1. quit A. from a business trip

2. solve B. a job (2 times)
3. participate C. an appointment
4. make D. a problem
5. return E. a taxi
6. fill out/in F. in an event
7. pay for G. a form
8. apply for

Exercise 7.5: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. We (establishment, established) a business partnership with another company.

2. The company (requires, requirement) three reference letters.
3. The director (introduction, introduced) the guest speaker to us.
4. The company (employed, employment) several workers for the construction.
5. The government (proposal, proposed) a new law to promote employment.
6. You (need, to need) a good grade to apply for a scholarship.
7. Mr. Park (knowing, knows) the conference schedule.
8. The lawyer (to charge, charges) high fees for his consulting services.

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9. Our company (donates, donating) some money to the orphanage.
10. The two companies (agreeing, agreed) with the details of the contract.
EXERCISE 7.6. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. We ……………..to hire additional programmers.

A. need
B. needing
C. needy
D. to need
2. The city council ……………..to widen the highway.
A. proposal
B. to propose
C. proposed
D. proposing
3. The red light ……………..that a message has been left.
A. indicates
B. indication
C. indicating
D. indicator
4. For more information, please ……………..our website.
A. visiting
B. to visit
C. visit
D. visitors

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 UNIT 8 - PREPOSITIONS
USING “IN”
Time: Others:
In + century (in the 21st century) In + clothing (in a red skirt)
In decade (in the 1990s) In + language (in English)
In + year (in 2020) In + book in Đ c nh n t m
In + season (in the spring) In + Newspaper (in An Ninh Thu
In + month (in November) Do)
In + parts of the day in the morning… In + Magazine (in Asia Week)
In + department (in HR office)
Note: In + field (in architecture)
In (ho c within) + m t kho ng th i gian: trong vòng In my opinion
bao l u. In the past/future
VD: I’ll be back in within 15 minutes T i sẽ quay l i In a car/taxi
trong vòng 15 ph t n a) In trouble
Place: In front of
In the world In the middle of
In + continent (in Asia) In a line/a row/a queue
In + body of water (in the Caribbean) In a picture/photo
In + country (in Vietnam) In the sky
In + state/province (In California, In Nghe An) In bed
In + city (In Hanoi) In the hospitale
In + building (in Landmark 72) In prison
In + room(in the kitchen)

USING “ON”
Time: Others:
On + date (on November 18th) On a bus/train/plane
On + day (on Tuesday) On foot (= walk)
Place: On a trip
On the earth/the planet/the globe. On schedule
On + street on B Tri u street) On the phone
On + coast (on the East coast) On a farm
On + floor (on the 42nd floor) On a map/menu/list/page/website
On the one hand/on the other hand
On TV/radio/the internet
On purpose (c t nh
On the way
On the right/left

USING AT
Time: Others:
At + time of day (at 9:30, at midnight) At present/at the moment/at the
At night minute/at this time (=now)

129
Place: At the same time
At + specific address (at 4953 Wall street) At first/last
At + building (at the Prado Museum) At most/least
At home At times (= sometimes)
At once (= immediately)
At a high/low price
At the top/bottom/end of….
At work
Note: Both in and at can be used with buildings. In emphasizes that someone or something
is inside the bulding.

PRACTICE
1. Aurora’s birthday is …………. May, but I don’t know which date.
2. She hasn’t seen Kate for a few days. She said that she had last seen her ………. Tuesday.
3. Steve is 65. He’ll be retiring from his job ………….. two years.
4. Same isn’t here…….. the moment, but he’ll be there this afternoon.
5. I don’t like dark. I try to avoid going out ………. night
6. It rained very hard …… the night. Did you hear it?
7. My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready ……… two hours.
8. The bus station was busy. A lot of buses were leaving……….. the same time.
9. Helen and David always go out for dinner …… their wedding anniversary.
10. It was short book and essay to read. I read it ………. a day.
11. Sign your name ……………………..the top of the page.
12. Is your brother……….. this photo? I don’t recognise him.
13. They live in a small house ……………... the bottom of the hill.
14. We had to wait……... a queue for an hour to check in at the airport.
15. There was a list of names, but my name wasn’t ………. the list.
16. Is there anything interesting………. today’s newspaper?
17. I love to look up at the stars………….. the sky………….. night.
18. When I’m a passenger………….. a car, I prefer to sit……….the front.
19. I live in a very small village. You probably won’t find it………….. your map.
20. I can’t remember e actly when the accident happened. I think it was …………. nine and
half past nine.
21. Lucy is arriving …………. February the 13th …………. 8 o'clock …………. the morning.
22. The weather is often terrible in London …………. January.
23. I like to drink coffee …………. the morning and tea …………. the afternoon.
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24. She got married …………. September.
25. They usually go to the south of France …………. the summer.
26. Columbus sailed to the Americas …………. the 16th century.
27. The Beatles were popular …………. the 1960s.
28. I graduated from university …………. 2001.
29. Jenifer lives …………. London. Her birthday is …………. 4th June. She is …………. work.
30. I love going skiing …………. January.
31. You have something …………. your face.
32. The answer is …………. the bottom of the page.
33. She was listening to classical music …………. the radio.
34. The class is …………. 9am …………. Monday mornings.
35. John is …………. a taxi. He's coming.
36. It’s better to get a ta i if you are out alone …………. night.
37. Why are you calling so late? I’m already …………. bed.
38. Joe works…………. the furniture department of a large store.
39. There was a picture of flowers …………. her T-shirt.
40. John missed a lot of lessons. He was ill …………. January to March.

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OTHER PREPOSTIONS:
1. BY

By = next to She’s standing by her crush.

By + a point of time = no later than…
By = how great a change or different is
By + means of transportation
By + means of communication
Others:
2. FOR
I’ll be here by 3 o’clock no later that 3
o’clock
These items are discounted by 50%
I go to school by car/bus/plane/helicopter….
Please send the contract by email
By chance by hand
By check/credit card by far

For + period of time I have lived in Mu Cang Chai for 10 years

For is used to show purpose You came back for me.
For = in place of/on behalf of I asked Son Tung MTP to work for me
For is used to say what the price/valuable of A check for 10.000$
something is.
Others For free For rent
For good For sale

3. DURING
During + period of time His company grew rapidly during 1960s.

4. WITH

With is used to express the idea of:

a. Accompaniment a. I went to work with Chi Pu
b. Ownership b. The man with the pink suit is Binz
With is used to indicate the tool or instrument -He opened the door with his key.
used to accomplish something. -This dish tastes better when it is eaten
with one’s fingers.

5. FROM/TO & BETWEEN/AND:

From 1990 to 1993, Mr. Nolan was in charge of the sales division
Between 1990 and 1993, Mr. Nolan was in charge of the sales division
Interstate Highway 90 runs from Boston to Seattle.
Interstate Highway 90 runs between Boston and Seattle

PRACTICE:
1. I met my friend Howard………….. chance………….. the lobby of the Raffles Hotel Singapore.
2. There’s a phone number ………….. the newspaper that we can call………….. more
information.
3. ………….. Korea, it is considered bad luck to sign your name………….. a red ink pen.

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4. The plumber promised me he would be here………….. three.
5. InterSystem’s international sales increased………….. 21%………….. 2000 and 2005.
6. Mr. Poernomo asked me to meet him………….. his office………….. the third floor…………..
two-thirty, so I need to leave………….. a few minutes.
7. I always shower ………….. the morning, but my roommate showers ………….. night.
8. Ms. Vu has been living ………….. that apartment building………….. 2460 Vine Street
………….. September, but her sister has been there ………….. several years.
9. The oil industry is………….. far the most important industry………….. Saudi Arabia.
10. For an additional fee, the existing warranty can be lengthened………….. one or two years.
11. ………….. present, there are no job openings………….. the design department, but there
may be an opening………….. a month or two.
12. Some of the most fashionable and e pensive stores ………….. the United States are
………….. Rodeo Drive, Los Angeles.
13. I commute to work………….. the city………….. train, but my friend always travels there
………….. his own car.
14. Jane has a house …………. the river. Right now, She is standing …………. the window and
looking out.

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PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENTS

134
 UNIT 9 - SUBJECT & VERB AGREEMENT
 Pretest
Write "C" if a sentence has the correct subject-verb agreement and "I" for incorrect. Check
your answers below. After you complete each chart listed, make any necessary corrections.
1. __ Baby cry when they are hungry or tired. (5-1)
2. __ Chicken, duck, and turkey lay eggs. (5-1)
3. __ Erica miss her mother and father. (5-2)
4. __ Robert sings when he take a shower. (5-2)
5. __The audience is waiting r the show to begin. (5-3)
6. __ Some of the work r my classes is pretty challenging. (5-4)
A. FINAL –S/-ES: USE AND SPELLING
Use
Noun + -s: Friends are important. A final -s or -es is added to a noun to make the noun
Noun + -es: I like my classes. 
 plural.
Friend and class = singular nouns
Friends and classes= plural nouns
Verb + -s: Mary works at the bank.
Verb + -es: John watches birds. 
 A final -s or -es is added to a simple present verb when
the subject is a singular noun (e.g., Mary, my father,
the machine) or third person singular pronoun (she,
he, it).
Mary works = singular She works = singular
The students work = plural They work = plural
Spelling
sing  sings For most words (whether a verb or a noun), simply
add a final -s to spell the word correctly.
wash  washes Final -es is added to words that end in -sh, -ch, -s, -z,
watch  watches and -x.
class  classes
buzz  buzzes
box  boxes

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toy  toys For words that end in -y:

buy  buys In (e): If -y is preceded by a vowel, only -s is added.

baby  babies In(f): If -y is preceded by a consonant, the -y is
cry  cries changed to -i and -es is added.

EXERCISE 9.1: Spelling.

Add –s or –es
Floor___ Bush___ Season___ Cough___
Tax___ Hat___ Develop___ Method___
Talk___ Rise___ Touch___ Language___

C. BASIC SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

Singular verb
a) My friend lives in
Boston.
e) Every man, woman,
and child needs
love.
f) Everyone is here.
g) Everybody is here.
h) Each book and
magazine is listed in
the bibliography.
Plural verb
b) My friends live in verb + -s/-es = third person singular in
Boston. the simple present tense
noun + -s/-es = plural

c) My brother and Two or more subjects connected by
sister live in Boston. and require a plural verb.
d) My brother, sister,
and cousin live in
Boston.
EXCEPTION: Expressions with every
and each are always followed
immediately by singular nouns. Even
when there are two (or more) nouns
connected by and, the verb is singular,
as in (h).

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i) That book on k) The ideas in that Sometimes a phrase or clause
political parties is book are separates a subject from its verb.
interesting. interesting. These interrupting structures do not
j) The book that I got l) The books I affect basic agreement.
from my parents bought
at the
was very bookstore were For example, in (i) the interrupting
interesting. expensive. prepositional phrase on political
parties does not change the fact that
the verb is must agree with the subject
book.

In (k) and (l): The subject and verb are

separated by an adjective clause.
m) Watching old A gerund (e.g., watching) used as the
movies is fun. subject of the sentence requires a
singular verb.

EXERCISE 9.2: Speaking: Work with a partner or in small groups to complete the sentences,
orally or in writing. Use the present tense. Share some of the sentences with the class.
1. Every person in this room …
2. Every mother and father …
3. The lady that teaches me English …
4. Being on time …
5. The girl ne t to me …
6. Speaking English well …
7. You and me …

EXERCISE 9.3: Looking at grammar.

Choose the correct completions.

2.
a. My older brother and sister is/are fraternal twins.

b. My brother was/were born on December 31st at 11:55 P.M., and my sister was/were
born on January 1st at 12:05 A.M.
c. Everyone in my family was/were surprised when this happened.

137
 d. Being born on different days and in different years is/are an interesting topic of
conversation.
3. 

a. The subjects you will be studying in this course is/are in the syllabus.
b. The extent of the knowledge we need to have by the end of the semester really
surprises/surprise me.
c. Almost every instructor and student at the university approves/approve of the new
college president.
d. Do/Does Professor Karl and her graduate researchers work closely together?
e. Getting to know students from all over the world is/are one of the best parts of
studying at an international university.
4.
a. Every man, woman, and child is/are protected under the law.
b. Each man and woman in this country needs/need to pay taxes
c. Every person who buys gas in this state needs/need to pay a gas tax.
5.
b. Where does/do your grandparents live?
c. Why was/were your mom and dad at the retirement home?
d. Is/Are taking care of the elderly the responsibility of the family or the government?
6.
a. Oranges, tomatoes, fresh strawberries, cabbage, and lettuce is/are rich in vitamin C.
b. Tomatoes is/are easy to grow. Growing tomatoes is/are especially easy in hot
climates.
c. I like to do the grocery shopping. The produce my roommate buys isn't/aren't fresh.
d. Lettuce is/are good for you.

e. Is/Are the bag of vegetables still in the car?

EXERCISE 9.4: Grammar and listening.

Complete the sentences with the simple present form of the verbs in parentheses. Then listen
and check your answers.

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Thrill Seekers
Going over a waterfall in a kayak 1(be) ______________ not
everyone's idea of a good time. But r some people, the
experience
2
of somersaulting through a curtain of water (be)
______________
thrilling, and they 3(want) ______________to keep doing it. It
4
(have) ______________in part to do with adrenaline. The body 5(release) ______________
a large amount of this hormone in response to danger. For some people, this release
6
(produce) ______________very pleasant feelings, and they 7(seek out) ______________
activities that will give them this feeling. The experience of parachuting from a mountain,
for example, 8(be) ______________ exhilarating, not terrifying, for them. Researchers are
studying reasons why some people 9(enjoy) ______________ this adrenaline rush and
others 10(fear) ______________ it.

D. SOME IRREGULARITIES
Singular verb
a) The United States is big. Sometimes a proper noun that ends in -s is
b) The Philippines consists of more than singular. In the examples, if the noun is changed to
7,000 islands. a pronoun, the singular pronoun it is used (not the
c) The United Nations has its plural pronoun they) because the noun is singular.
headquarters in New York City. In (a): The United States = It (not They)
d) Harrods is a department store.
e) The news is interesting. 
 New is a noncount noun and takes a singular verb.
f) Mathematics is easy for her. Physics is Fields of study that end in -ics require singular
easy for her too. 
 verbs.

g) Diabetes is an illness.
 Certain illnesses that end in -s are singular:

diabetes, measles, mumps, rabies, rickets, shingles.
h) Eight hours of sleep is enough. Expressions of time, money, and distance usually
i) Ten dollars is too much to pay. 
 require a singular verb.
j) Five thousand miles is too far to travel.

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k) Two and two is four. Arithmetic expressions require singular verbs.
Two and two equals four.
Two plus two is/equals four.
l) Five times five is twenty-five.
Plural verb
Those people are from Canada. People,* police, cattle, and fish do not end in -s, but
The police have been called. 
 they are plural nouns in the example sentences and

Cattle are domestic animals. 
 require plural verbs.

Fish live under water.

*The word people has a final -s (peoples) only when it is used to refer to ethnic or national groups: All the
peoples of the world desire peace.

EXERCISE 9.5: Check your knowledge.

Correct the errors in subject-verb agreement. Some sentences contain no errors.
1. The books in my office is very valuable to me. 

2. Having good computer skills are necessary if you
want to get a high-paying job. 

3. Every girl and boy in my country need to learn how
to do housecleaning.
4. Thirty dollars is an unreasonable price for that T-shirt.
5. The United States has a population of around 325 million.

6. Rain is steady and cover a larger area.
7. Building a good marriage and building a good log fire are similar in many ways.
8. Each cat and each dog have its own toy.
9. The new vice president come from Indiana.
10. Two hours of homework per day are too much for elementary school children. 

11. Does the police have training in mental health issues?
12. Statistics are a branch of mathematics.

13. The New York Times is an established and respected newspaper.
14. The news about the effects of air pollution on the development of children's lungs is
disturbing.

15. Studying a foreign language often lead students to learn about other cultures.

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 UNIT 10 - CONJUNCTIONS
 Warm-up.
Identify the parts of speech of the words in bold. Are they nouns, verbs, adjectives, or
adverbs?
N N
What words connect them?
1. We hiked to a waterfall and a bridge.
2. The bridge rocked and swayed.
3. I felt shaky but excited when I got on it.
4. I tried not to hurry or to look down.

A. PARALLEL STRUCTURE
(a) Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. In (a): noun + and+ noun
(b) Susan raised her hand and snapped her fingers. In (b): verb + and+ verb
(c) He is waving his arms and (is) shouting at us. In (c): verb+ and+ verb
(d) These shoes are old but comfortable. In (d): adjective+ but+ adjective
(e) He wants to watch TV or (to) listen to some music. In (e): infinitive+ or+ infinitive (The
second to is usually omitted

EXERCISE 10.1: Looking at grammar.

Underline the words that are supposed to be parallel. Correct the mistakes.
1. I admire him for his intelligent, cheerful disposition, and he is honest. => honesty.
2. The boat sailed across the lake smoothly and quiet.
3. By obeying the speed limit, we can save energy, lives and it costs us less.
4. When Nadia moved, she had to rent an apartment, make new friends, and to find a
job.
5. Many visitors to Los Angeles enjoying visiting Disneyland and explore movie studios.

EXERCISE 10.2: Looking at grammar.

Choose the correct completions.

My Roommate

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 1. My roommate, Kate, is friendly and___.
a. helpful b. kind c. Kindness
2. Friendliness and ___are admirable qualities in a roommate.
a. kind b. kindness c. kindly
3. We are opposites. She likes to be busy and___·
a. actively b. activity c. Active
4. I'm a quieter type. I prefer to stay home or ___ time with a few friends.
a. spending b. spend c. to spending
5. Kate studies by listening to music and ___ at the same time.
a. sing b. singing c. Sings
6. I sit at the library and ___ in silence.
a. work b. working c. Worked
7. We get along well, though. We're both very neat and___.
a. tidy b. tidily c. have tidiness
8. We take turns cleaning our apartment and ___ the cooking.
a. do b. to do c. doing

USING COMMAS:

 Nga and Hoa are really chatterboxes.

 Nga, Hoa(,) and Nam are really chatterboxes.
 Nga, Hoa, Nam(,) and Hung are really chatterboxes.

Incorrect: Nga, and Hoa are really chatterboxes.

EXERCISE 10.3: Looking at grammar.

Parallel structure makes repeating the same words unnecessary. Cross out the words that
are unnecessary. Combine the given sentences into one concise sentence. Use parallel
structure.
Molly's Party

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 1. Molly will open the door. Molly will greet her guests.
=> Molly will open the door and greet her guests.
2. She is opening the door. She is greeting her guests.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. She is taking their coats. She is hanging them up in the closet.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Molly is kind. Molly is generous. Molly is trustworthy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Her boyfriend has come to the party. He has come with flowers. He has come with
candy. He has come with a ring.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. He has knelt down in front of her. He has taken her hand. He has asked her to marry
him.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Molly is calm enough to listen. Molly is calm enough to say yes
………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. They talked about getting married in June. Or they could get married in August.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Molly had expected a surprise. She did not expect a ring.
=> Molly had expected a surprise but not a ring
10. Molly was surprised. She was not shocked.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. They had discussed getting married at some point. They had not discussed getting
married this year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

EXERCISE 10.4: Grammar and Listening.

Choose the correct completions. Then listen to the passage and check your answers.
BATS
What do people in your country think of bats? Are they mean and scary creatures, or
are they symbols of both happiness and luck/lucky (1)?

143
 In Western countries, many people have an unreasoned fear of bats. According to
scientist Dr. Sharon Horowitz, bats are not only harm I harmless (2) but also benefit I
beneficial (3) mammals. "When I was a child, I believed that a bat would attack me and
tangle I tangled (4) itself in my hair. Now I know better," said Dr. Horowitz.
Contrary to popular Western myths, bats do not attack I attacking (5) humans.
Although a few bats may have diseases, they are not major carriers of rabies or other
frightening diseases. Bats help natural plant life by pollinating plants, spreading seeds, and
to eat I eating (6) insects. If you get rid of bats that eat overripe fruit, then fruit flies can
flourish and destroy I destruction (7) the fruit industry.
According to Dr. Horowitz, bats are both gentle and train I trainable (8) pets. Not
many people, however, own or train bats, and bats themselves prefer to avoid people.

Vocabulary:
-tangle /ˈtæŋɡəl/: làm rối tung
- rabies /ˈreɪbiːz/: bệnh dại
- pollinate /ˈpɑːləneɪt/: th phấn
- overripe/ oʊvəˈraɪp/: chín nẫu
- flourish: /ˈ lɝːrɪʃ/phát triển mạnh

 Warm-up:
Compare the following sentences. Which ones are
correct?
a. It’s cold. She feels shaky.
b. It’s cold; she feels shaky.
c. It’s cold, she feels shaky.
d. It’s cold, so she feels shaky.
e. It’s cold so she feels shaky.

B. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: FANBOYS

Conjunctions Meaning Example
Hoa must have been very hungry, for she ate everything
For
immediately.
And Duy’s favorite snacks are cakes and biscuits.

144
 Nor Duy doesn’t have balanced diet, nor does he work out regularly.
But Hoa eats much but never gains weight.
Or Duy should eat less, or he can be overweight.
Yet He's overweight and bald, yet somehow, he's attractive.
So Hoa concerns about her health, so she just eats nutritious food.

EXERCISE 10.5: Looking at grammar. (Chart 13.2)

Choose the correct completions.
1. Deserts are harsh and dry, ________ many plants grow there.
A. For B. So C. Yet
2. Pat liked the antique rocker, ________ she couldn’t afford to buy it.
A. And B. But C. Or
3. John might go to the library, ________ she might stay home.
A. But B. So C. Nor
4. Sue jogs every day, _______ she wants to stay in shape.
A. But B. Yet C. For
5. Joe is a contractor, _______ he knows the construction business.
A. So B. And C. But
6. Bill went to work, _______ he didn’t punch in.
A. Or B. But C. So
7. My brother is in the play, _______ I want to attend the first performance.
A. Or B. So C. For
8. Annette couldn’t go, ________ she was tired.
A. Nor B. Yet C. For
9. Your niece and I went out for lunch, ________ we both ordered fish.
A. And B. Or C. Yet

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 C. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions Meaning Example
EITHER…OR I want either the pizza or the sandwich.

NEITHER…NOR Neither my sister nor my parents are here

NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO Not only my mother but also my sister is here

BOTH…AND Both my mother and my sister are here.

WHETHER…OR I didn’t know whether you’d want the

pizza or the sandwich, so I got you both.

RATHER … THAN She’d rather play the drums than sing.

 Not only…but also, Neither…nor và Either…or: ng t chia theo

ch ng g n nh t
 Both…and: ng t chia theo ch ng kép l c 2 danh t tr c
.

EXERCISE 10.6: Looking at grammar. (chart 13.3)

Complete the sentences with is/are.
1. Both the teacher and the student _are__ here.
2. Neither the teacher nor the student _________here.
3. Not only the teacher but also the student _________ here.
4. Not only the teacher but also the students _________here.
5. Either the students or the teacher _________ planning to come.
6. Either the teacher or the students _________ planning to come.
7. Both the students and the teachers _________ planning to come.
8. Both the students and the teacher _________ planning to come.

EXERCISE 10.7: Listening.

Choose the sentence (a. or b.) that has the same meaning as the sentence you hear.
Example:

146
You will hear: Sarah is working on both a degree in biology and a degree in chemistry.
You will choose:
a. Sarah is working on only one degree.
b. Sarah is working on two degrees.

1. a. Ben will call Mary and Bob

b. Ben will call one of them but not both.

2. a. My mother and my father talked to my teacher.

b. Either my mother or my father talked to my teacher.

3. a. Simon saw both a whale and a dolphin.

b. Simon didn't see a whale, but he did see a dolphin.

4. a. Our neighborhood had electricity but not water.

b. Our neighborhood didn't have electricity or water.

5. a. We will have two teachers today.

b. We will have one teacher today.
EXERCISE 10.8: Looking at grammar.
Combine each pair of sentences into one new sentence with parallel structure. Use both…
and;
either…or; neither… nor.
At the Mall
1. I do not have my credit card. I do not have cash.
=> I have neither my credit card nor cash.
2. You can get some shoes now, or you can look online more.
=> You can either get some shoes now or look online more.
3. Rika enjoys shopping during sales. Bettina enjoys shopping during sales.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Matt is not joining us. Taka is not joining us.
_____________________________________________________________________

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5. Matt is sick. Taka is sick.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. This store doesn't have the size I need. That store doesn't have the size I need.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. We can eat lunch here, or we can look for other restaurants.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. The manager was helpful. The assistant manager was helpful.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. You need your receipt for a return, or you need your credit card.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. The stores close at 10:00. The food court closes at 10:00.
_____________________________________________________________________
11. We can take the bus home, or we can take the subway
_____________________________________________________________________

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 UNIT 11 - ADVERB CLAUSE
 Warm-up.
The words in bold are adverb clauses. What do you notice about their placement in the sentence
and punctuation?
1. The fireworks display began after it got dark.
2. Because it was New Year's Eve, thousands of people came
to watch.
3. Although it was very crowded, everyone had good views.
4. There is a show every year even if the weather is bad

A. INTRODUCTION
Adverb clauses are used to show relationships between ideas. They show relationships of time,
cause and effect, contrast, and condition.
(a) When the phone rang, the baby woke up. - Adverb clauses c thể ng u, gi a,
Adverb Clause Main Clause cu i c u.
(b) The baby, when the phone rang, woke up. - Khi ng cu i c u, Adverb clauses kh ng
c n d u ph y ng n c ch.
(c) The baby woke up when the phone rang.
(d) INCORRECT: Adverb clauses kh ng thể ng m t m nh.
When we were in New York. We saw several plays.
He went to bed. Because he was sleepy.

149
EXERCISE 11.1: Looking at grammar. (Chart A)
Check (X) the sentences that are grammatically complete and contain the correct
punctuation.
Annoyances
1. a. __X_The door slammed.
b. __When the door slammed.
c. __ I woke up. When the door slammed.
d. __ I woke up when the door slammed.
e. __ When the door slammed, I woke up.
f. __ The door slammed. I woke up.
2. a. __ After I texted you, my phone died.
b. __ The last time I texted you, and you didn't answer.
c. __ Every time the phone rings, and no one is there.
d. __Whenever the phone rings, no one is there.
e. __ As soon as we sit down to dinner, a telemarketer calls.

EXERCISE 11.2: Looking at grammar. (Chart A)

Underline the adverb clauses. Add punctuation and capitalization as necessary. Do not add
or delete any words.
A Snowstorm
1. When Harry Potter came to Chicago, he planned to stay with his cousins
2. Harry planned to stay with his cousins when he came to Chicago.
3. As soon as the plane landed a blizzard began.
4. A blizzard began as soon as the plane landed.
5. Once the plane landed a blizzard began.
6. Harry didn't go outside the airport until it stopped.
7. When it stopped Harry went outside.
8. When he went outside there weren't any taxis.
9. He was stranded at the airport until the roads were cleared.
10. As soon as the roads were cleared he left the airport.

150
 B. ADVERB CLAUSE OF TIME
after (a) After she graduates, she will get a job.
(b) After she (had) graduated, she got a job
before (c) I will leave before he comes.
(d) I (had) left before he came.
when (e) When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
(f) When I got there, he had already left.
(g) When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
(h) When I was in Chicago, I visited the museums.
(i) When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
while (j) While I was walking home, it began to rain.
as (k) As I was walking home, it began to rain.
by the time (l) By the time he arrived, we had already left.
(m) By the time he comes, we will have already left.
since (n) I haven't seen him since he left this morning.
(o) I've known her ever since I was a child.
until (p) We stayed there until we finished our work.
till (p) We stayed there until we finished our work.
as soon as (r) As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
once (s) Once it stops raining, we will leave.
as long as (t) I will never speak to him again as long as
so long as (u) I live I will never speak to him again so long as I live
whenever (v) Whenever I see her, I say hello.
every time (w) Every time I see her, I say hello.
the first time (x) The first time (that) I went to New York, I went to a Broadway show.
the last time (y) I saw two plays the last time (that) I went to New York.
the next time (z) The next time (that) I go to New York, I'm going to see a ballet.
After and before are commonly used in the following expressions:
shortly after shortly before
a short time after a short time before
a little while after a little while before
not long after not long before
soon after

151
EXERCISE 11.3: Looking at grammar. (Chart B)
Combine each pair of sentences with the words in parentheses. Add commas as necessary
On a Flight
1. The baggage will be loaded soon. The plane will take off. (as soon as)
=> As soon as the baggage is loaded, the plane will take off.
2. The passengers got on the plane. The flight attendant closed the door. (after)
_____________________________________________________________
3. The passengers got on the plane. The flight attendant closed the door. (before)
_____________________________________________________________
4. Scarlett feels nervous. She flies. (whenever)
_____________________________________________________________
5. I stood up to walk to the restroom. The flight attendant told us to fasten our seat
belts. (just after)
_____________________________________________________________
6. We had lunch. The person next to me has been talking non-stop. (since)
_____________________________________________________________
7. I fly. I will bring earplugs. (the next time)
_____________________________________________________________
8. I will text you. We land. (as soon as)
_____________________________________________________________
9. I get my bags. I will meet you in the passenger-loading zone. (just as soon as)
_____________________________________________________________
10. I flew this airline. My bags were lost. (the first time)
_____________________________________________________________
11. I will be happy to stretch my legs. We get off the plane. (once)
_____________________________________________________________
12. We land. We will have been on the plane for ten hours. (by the time)
_____________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 11.4: Looking at grammar. (Chart B)

Add the word(s) in parentheses to the correct place in each sentence. Add commas and
capitalization as necessary.

152
In the class
1. Ngoc Trinh can't catch the meaning people speak English too fast. (when)
_____________________________________________________________
2. The teacher speaks too fast Ngoc Trinh is going to ask her to slow down. (the next
time)
_____________________________________________________________
3. Ngoc Trinh is listening to English she tries not to translate from her language. (while)
_____________________________________________________________
4. Her teacher encourages students to figure out the meaning they check their
dictionaries. (before)
_____________________________________________________________
5. Ngoc Trinh began studying English he has wanted to speak fluently. (ever since)
_____________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 11.5: Looking at grammar. (Chart B)

Choose the best completion for each sentence.

1. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she __ the fire department.

a. was telephoning c. had telephoned
b. telephoned d. has telephoned

2. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she __ any kind of contest.

a. hasn't entered c. wasn't entering
b. doesn't enter d. hadn't entered

3. Every time Prakash sees a movie made in India, he __ homesick.

a. will have felt c. feels
b. felt d. is feeling

4. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I __ to visit friends and family several times.

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 a. return c. am returning
b. will have returned d. have returned

5. While he was washing his new car, Lawrence __ some scratches on his front
bumper.
a. has discovered c. is discovering
b. was discovering d. discovered

6. Ever since Maurice arrived, he __ quietly in the corner. Is something wrong?

a. sat c. had been sitting
b. has been sitting d. will have sat

7. After Nela __ for 20 minutes, she began to feel tired.

a. jogging c. has been jogging
b. had been jogging d. has jogged

8. Peter, __ since you got home from football practice?

a. have you eaten c. are you eating
b. will you eat d. do you eat

9. The last time I __ in Athens, the weather was hot and humid.
a. had been c. am
b. was d. will have been

10. By the time the young birds __ the nest for good, they will
have learned how to fly.
a. will leave c. are leaving
b. will have left d. leave

EXERCISE 11.6: Let's talk.

Work in pairs or small groups. Complete the sentences. Each person should finish each sentence.
Share a few things you learned about your classmates.

154
 About Me
Example:
After I left class yesterday, ...
=> After I left class yesterday, I met my cousin at a cafe.
1. After I leave class today, ...
2. Before…, I will finish my homework.
3. As soon as I get up tomorrow, ...
4. I feel nervous when…
5. The first time I came to this class, ...
6. I usually….. while…..
7. As long as I live, ...

C. ADVERB CLAUSE OF CAUSE AND EFFECT: BECAUSE, NOW THAT, SINCE.

Because a) Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
(b) He went to bed because he was sleepy.
Now (c) Now that I've finished the semester; I'm going to rest a few
that days and then take a trip.
d Jack lost his job. Now that he’s unemployed, he can’t pay
his bills.
Since (e) Since Monday is a holiday, we don't have to go to work.
(f) Since you are good cook and I am not, you should cook the
dinner.
(g) Since I came here, I have met many people.

EXERCISE 11.7: Looking at grammar.(Chart C)

Combine each pair of sentences with the words in parentheses. Add commas as necessary.
Travel
1. We have a lot of frequent-flier miles. We can visit several countries. (now that)
=> Now that we have a lot of frequent-flier miles, we can visit several countries.
2. We can compare hotel prices. They are posted online. (since)

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. We have read the online hotel reviews. We can choose our hotel. (now that)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. There is little chance we will get lost. We have GPS on our phones. (because)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. People post online reviews instantly. Customer service has improved. (since)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. We won't get so homesick. We can video chat with our families. (because)

D. ADVERB CLAUSE OF CONTRAST: THOUGH, ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, WHILE

(a) Because the weather was cold, I didn't go swimming.
(b) Even though the weather was cold, I went swimming.
(c) Even though the weather was cold, I went swimming.
(d) Even though I wasn't tired, I went to bed.

EXERCISE 11.8: Looking at grammar. (Chart D)

Choose the correct completion for each sentence.
1. Because it was a dark, cloudy day, ____.
a. I didn't put on my sunglasses b. I put on my sunglasses
2. Even though it was a dark, cloudy day, ____.
a. I put on my sunglasses b. I didn't put on my sunglasses
3. Even though Mira was cold, ____.
a. she wore a heavy coat outside b. she wore a light sweater outside
4. Because Mira enjoys the outdoors, ____.
a. she goes for walks rain or shine b. she doesn't go for walks in bad
weather

EXERCISE 11.9: Looking at grammar. (Chart D)

Complete the sentences with even though or because.
1. a. Tim's in good shape physically even though he doesn't get much exercise.
b. Barry's in good shape physically because he gets a lot of exercise.
2. a. __________Yoko has a job, she is able to pay her rent and feed her family.
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 b. __________Melissa has a job, she doesn't make enough money to support her
four children.
3. a. Joe speaks Spanish well__________ he lived in Mexico for a year.
b. Sherry didn't learn Spanish she lived in Mexico for a year.
4. a. Jin jumped into the river to rescue a little girl who was drowning__________ he
wasn't a good swimmer.
b. __________ she was rescued right away, the girl survived.
5. a. __________ the flood washed away the bridge, the campers were able to cross
the river__________ they had a boat.
b. __________ the bridge was out of service for several months, people had to find
alternate ways to get across the river.

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 UNIT 12 – THE PASSIVE
 Warm-up: Match the sentences to the pictures. Which sentence is grammatically
incorrect?
1. The girl hit the ball.
2. The ball was hit by the ball.
3. The girl was hit by the ball.
4. The ball hit the girl.
5. The girl was hitting the ball.
6. The girl was hit the ball.

A. ACTIVE vs. PASSIVE

Active: (a) Susan helped the boy
Subject verb object

Passive: (b) The boy was helped by Susan

Subject verb object

Passive: Form of the passive:

(c) He is helped by her. BE + Past Participle (PII)
He was helped by her.
He will be helped by her.

 BE + PII
Active: (d) I cry
Passive: (e) <none>

EXERCISE 12.1: Looking at grammar

Decide if the sentence are active (A) or Passive (P):
1. ______ David prepared the salad.
2. ______ The rice was prepared by Jack.

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 3. ______ Nick was preparing the dessert1.
4. ______ Andy has prepared the tea.
5. ______ New species of insects2 are discovered by scientists every year.
6. ______ Our paper will be collected by the teacher next week.
7. ______ Dinosaurs existed3 millions of years ago.
8. ______ Richard’s car was stopped by the police.
9. ______ Mr. Smith painted our house.
10. ______ Bruce came to our apartment4 for dinner last night.

B. TENSES FORM OF THE PASSIVE

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Present Simple He delivers the letters. The letters are delivered.

Past Simple He delivered the letters. The letters were delivered.

Future Simple He will deliver the letters. The letters will be delivered.
Present He is delivering the letters. The letters are being delivered.
Continuous
Past Continuous He was delivering the letters. The letters were being delivered.
Going to He is going to deliver the letters. The letters are going to be
delivered.
Present Perfect He has delivered the letters. The letters have been delivered.
Past Perfect He had delivered the letters. The letters had been delivered.
Infinitive He has to deliver the letters. The letters have to be delivered.
Modals He must deliver the letters. The letters must be delivered.

EXERCISE 12.2: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the
Present Simple.
1. English___________________(speak) in many countries.
2. The post5 _________________ deliver at about 7 o’clock every morning.
3. My salary_________________ (pay) every month.
4. These cars ____________________ (not make) in Japan.

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 5. The name of the people who committed the
crime6________________________ (not know).
6. His travel expenses7 (not pay) by his company.
EXERCISE 12.3: Looking at grammar.
Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past
Simple.
1. My car (repair) last week.
2. This song (not write) by John
Lennon.
3. The film (make) ten years ago.
4. The car (not damaged) in the accident.
5. The original building (pull) down in
1965.

EXERCISE 12.4: Looking at grammar.

Change the active to passive.
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
_______________________________________________________
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
_______________________________________________________
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
_______________________________________________________
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
_______________________________________________________
5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent8.
_______________________________________________________
6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.
_______________________________________________________
7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.
_______________________________________________________
8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
_______________________________________________________

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 9. The board awarded the first prize9 to the reporter10.
_______________________________________________________
10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
_______________________________________________________
11. The committee11 appointed12 Alice secretary for the meeting.
_______________________________________________________
12. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.
_______________________________________________________
13. They keep this room tidy13 all the time.
_______________________________________________________
14. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
_______________________________________________________
15. They moved the fridge into the living room.
_______________________________________________________
C. PASSIVE FORMS OF YES/NO QUESTIONS
ACTIVE  PASSIVE EXAMPLES

Do/does + S + V bare + O …? Do you clean your room?

 Am/ is/ are + S' + V3/-ed + (by O)? → Is your room cleaned by you ?

Con d n phòng ch a y?)

Did + S + V bare + O…? Did you take my phone?

 Was/were + S' + V3/-ed + by + …? → Was my phone taken by you?

(C u l y i n tho i c a t ph i kh ng?

Modal verbs + S + V bare + O + …? Can you move the chair?

 Modal verbs + S' + be + V3/-ed + by + O'? → Can the chair be moved?

(Chuyển c i gh i c kh ng?

Have/has/had + S + V3/-ed + O + …? Has she done her homework?

 Have/ has/ had + S' + been + V3/-ed + by + → Has her homeworkbeen done by her ?

161
 O'? Con bé l m b i t p ong ch a?

D. YES/NO QUESTIONS: HOW TO CHANGE

STEP 1: Did Mary take my car? C ph i Mary l y t c at i
kh ng?
......................................................
......................................................  Mary took my car. Mary l y t c a t i.
.........

STEP 2:  My car was taken by Mary. t c at i b l yb i

Mary.)
......................................................
......................................................
..........

STEP 3:  Was my car taken by Mary? C ph i t c a t i b

l y b i Mary kh ng?
......................................................
......................................................
..........

EXERCISE 12.5: Looking at grammar.

Change the active to passive in 3 steps:
0. Do they teach English here?

Step 1: They teach English here.

Step 2: English is taught here (by them).

Step 3: Is English taught here (by them)?

1. Will you invite her to your wedding party?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

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 2. Did the teacher give some exercise?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

3. Is she going to write a poem?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

4. Have they changed the window of the laboratory14?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

5. Is she making big cake for the party?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

6. Has Tom finished the work?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

7. Are the police making inquires about the thief15?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

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 8. Must we finish the test before ten?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

9. Will buses bring the children home?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

10. Did Stan Lee write this article?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

11. Will the police arrest the thieves?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

12. Do they feed16 the animals three times a day?

Step 1: _______________________________________________________

Step 2: _______________________________________________________

Step 3: _______________________________________________________

EXERCISE 12.6: Reading and Grammar.

Complete the sentences with the active or passive form of the verb in parentheses.
FIAT

Fiat 0 was started (started/was started) by a group of Italian businessmen 17 in 1899. In

1903, Fiat,

164
(1) (produced18/was produced) 132 cars. Some of these cars (2)
_______________ (exported19/were exported) by the company to the United States and
Britain. In 1920, Fiat (3) _______________ (started/was started) making cars at a new
factory at Lingotto, near Turin. There was a track on the roof 20 where the cars (4)
)_______________ (tested/were tested) by technicians. In 1936, Fiat launched 21 the Fiat
500. This car (5)_______________ (called/was called) the Topolino – the Italian name
for Mickey Mouse. The company grew, and in 1963 Fiat (6)_______________
(exported/was exported) more than 300,000 vehicles22. Today, Fiat is based in23 Turin, and
its cars (7) _______________ (sold/are sold) all over the world.

EXERCISE 12.7: Looking at grammar.

Part 1: Change the active to passive.
1. Does your brother find the key?

_______________________________________________________

2. Do you sweep the floor24?

_______________________________________________________

3. Can your father finish the report?

_______________________________________________________

4. Do you steal26 my pencil case?

_______________________________________________________

5. Did he explain that lesson?

_______________________________________________________

6. Do you paint your house?

_______________________________________________________

7. Didn’t she find a job?

_______________________________________________________

8. Will your granny27 visit you?

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_______________________________________________________

9. Do they wash the dishes?

_______________________________________________________

10. Mary types letters in the office.

_______________________________________________________

11. His father will help you tomorrow.

_______________________________________________________
12. Science and technology have completely changed human life.
_______________________________________________________
13. Peter broke this bottle.
_______________________________________________________
14. They are learning English in the room.
_______________________________________________________

Part 2: Change the active to passive.

15. My mind can be changed by nothing.
_______________________________________________________
16. This flower is watered by my father every morning.
_______________________________________________________
17. Her telephone number is not known by me.
_______________________________________________________
18. The children will be brought home by my students.
_______________________________________________________
19. The speech was given by Henry.
_______________________________________________________
20. The park was visited by over 10,000 people last month.
_______________________________________________________
21. Two new houses were built on our street.
_______________________________________________________
22. Tea can’t be made with cold water by them.

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_______________________________________________________
23. Television was invented before I was born.
_______________________________________________________
24. The meething will be held by them before May Day.
_______________________________________________________
25. The engine of the car has to be repaired by them.
_______________________________________________________
26. The book is written by Susan.
_______________________________________________________
27. A lot of money is spent on advertising by people everyday.
_______________________________________________________
28. A story is going to be told by the teacher.
_______________________________________________________
29. A cake is being cut by Mary with a sharp knife
_______________________________________________________
30. The woman with a red hat was looked at by the children.
_______________________________________________________
31. Fiona was invited to his birthday party by John last night.
_______________________________________________________
32. English is spoken by people in almost every corner of the world.
_______________________________________________________
33. The dinner is being prepared by her mother in the kitchen.
_______________________________________________________
34. After class, the chalkboard32 is always erased by one of the students.
_______________________________________________________

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 UNIT 13 - CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
 PRETEST: What do I already know?
Write"C" if a sentence has the correct verb forms and"!" for incorrect
1. __ If I had more money right now, I will lend you some.
2. __ If the lake freezes neighborhood teens like to skate on it.
3. __ I would apply for a scholarship if I was you.
4. __ School would be easy for me if I have your memory.
5. __ If I had taken more math classes, I could have gotten a better job.

A. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Loại Các loại câu K Mệnh đ I Mệnh đ kết quả Ví Dụ

C th t hi n t i, IF + S + V (s/es) S + V (s/es) If you put ice

0 m t ch n lý, th i under the sun,
quen it melts.

If I have enough
1 C th t t ng lai, S + will + V time, I will watch
c nh b o. TV later on
tonight.
2 Kh ng c th t hi n IF + S + V-ed S + would/could... + If they had a lot
t i/t ng lai V of money now,
they would
travel around the
world.
3 Kh ng c th t qu IF + S + had + VpII. S + would + have + If he had told me
kh P.P the truth
yesterday,
I would have

168
 helped him.

EXERCISE 13.1: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences with the verb in parentheses

1. If I (to study), I (to pass) the exams.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. If the sun (to shine), we (to walk) to the town.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If he (to have) a temperature, he (to see) the doctor.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. If my friends (to come), I (to be) very happy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. If she (to earn) a lot of money, she (to fly) to New York.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. If we (to travel) to London, we (to visit) the museums.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. If you (to wear) sandals in the mountains, you (to slip) on the rocks.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. If Rita (to forget) her homework, the teacher (to give) her a low mark.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. If they (to go) to the disco, they (to listen) to loud music.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. If you (to wait) a minute, I (to ask) my parents.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

EXERCISE 13.2: Listening.

If + pronoun can be difficult to hear at the beginning of sentences because these words are
generally unstressed. Additionally, if at the beginning of a sentence is often reduced to /If/.
Listen to the sentences spoken in casual, relaxed English. Complete the sentences with the
non-reduced forms of the words you hear.

169
Example: You will hear: If I hear anything, I'll tell you.
You will write: If I hear anything, I'll tell you.

1. ___________________________ too fast, please tell me.

2. ___________________________ married, everyone will be shocked.
3. ___________________________OK, I'll ask for some advice.
4. ___________________________to quit, I hope he lets us know soon.
5. ___________________________, we'll need to try something else.
6. ___________________________harder, I'm sure she'll succeed.
7. ___________________________the job, I'll call you right away.

EXERCISE 13.3: Looking at grammar.

Write "R" next to the sentences that express a real condition and "U" next to the sentences
that express an unreal condition.
1. __ If I have time on weekends, I volunteer at an animal shelter.
2. __ If I have time, I will volunteer next weekend.
3. __ If I had time, I would volunteer next weekend.
4. a. If I had more money, I would buy a new car.
b. If I have enough money, I will buy a car
5. a. If the shirts are on sale, I will get a few.
b. If the shirt were on sale, I would get a few.
6. a. If you were a teacher, you could help me.
b. If you are a teacher, you can help me.

EXERCISE 13.4: Looking at grammar.

Choose the correct completions.
1. If Tom were a teacher, he would teach law.
a. Tom is/isn't a teacher.
b. Tom teaches/ doesn't teach law.
2. If he had enough money for tuition, he would be in graduate school.
a. He has/ doesn't have enough money.
b. He is/ isn't in graduate school.

170
EXERCISE 13.5: Looking at grammar.
Choose the correct completions by looking at the pictures. Then make sentences with the
given words.

1. Grandpa is/isn't allergic to flowers.

If Grandpa weren't allergic to flowers, he would bring Grandma flowers more often.
(if/ Grandpa/ be/ allergic to flowers/ he/ bring/ Grandma flowers more often)
2. Your roommates spend/ don't spend a lot of time shopping.
_____________________________________________________________
(If/ they/ spend/ so much time shopping/ they/ save/ a lot of money)
3. The boy likes/doesn't like peas.
_____________________________________________________________
(If/ the boy/ like peas/ he/ eat/ them)

EXERCISE 13.6: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.
1. a. If I have enough apples, I (bake) will bake an apple pie this afternoon.
b. If I had enough apples, I (bake) would bake I could bake an apple pie.
2. a. I will fix your bike if I (have)________ the right screwdriver.
b. I would fix your bike if I (have)_________ the right screwdriver.
3. a. I (go) ________ to a movie tonight if I don't have any homework to do.
b. I (go)________ to a movie tonight if I didn't have any homework to do.
4. a. I turn off my phone when I (be)_____ in meetings.
b. I would turn on my phone if I (be, not)________ in a meeting right now
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EXERCISE 13.7: Looking at grammar.
Complete the sentences with the words below.

would do will do would have done

1. Rita believes in hard work and wants her children to work hard. She always tells
them, "If you work hard every day, you ___________ well."
2. Scott is smart, but he doesn't work very hard. As a result, he is not good at his job.
His
co-workers often tell him, "If you worked hard every day, you ___________ well."
3. Mark planned to study hard for a test yesterday, but some friends called, and he
decided to go out with them. He didn't study at all, and he didn't do well on his test
the next day. His teacher told him, (If you had studied yesterday, you ___________
well on the test."

EXERCISE 13.8: Listening.

In conditional sentences,/h/ is often dropped in the auxiliary verbs have and had. Would
have can sound like "would-a" or "would-uv." Listen to the sentences spoken in casual,
relaxed English. Complete the sentences with the non-reduced forms of the words you hear.
SITUATION: Jon told several good friends a lie, and they recently found out. Here are their
reactions:
Example: You will hear: If he had been truthful, he wouldn't have lost my trust.
You will write: If he had been truthful, he wouldn't have lost my trust.

1. ________________ the truth sooner, ________________________ differently.

2. ________________ him, ________________________________ so foolish.
3. ________________ me what a great guy Jon was, _______________him so easily.
4. ________________another person, ______________________________ so
shocked.
5. _______________________________, ________________more respect for him.

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 UNIT 14 – MODAL
 Warm-up: Correct the errors in verb forms.
see
1. She can saw it.
2. She can to see it.
3. She cans see it.
4. She can sees it.
5. Can pass you the rice, please?
6. Do you can see it?
7. They don’t can go there.
8. They aren’t able pay their rent.

A. BASIC MODAL INTRODUCTION

Đ ng t khuy t thi u nh n chung d ng ể thể hi n th i c a ng i n i. V dụ, ng t
khuy t thi u c thể thể hi n sự c n thi t, l i khuy n nh , sự cho phép, kh n ng c thể l m g .
CÁC MODALS PHỔ BIẾN
Can May Should Must Will
Could Might Ought to Had better Would
CÁCH SỬ DỤNG

- Correct:
Can do it. She can do it.
I Could do it. - Incorrect:
You May do it. She cans do it.
He Might do it. - Correct:
She Should do it. She can do it.
It Ought to do it. - Incorrect:
We Must do it. She can to do it.
You Had better do it. She can does it.
They Will do it. She can did it.
Would do it. She can doing it.

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PHRASAL MODALS

Be able to do it. Phrasal modals v c b n c ý nghĩa g n

Be going to do it. gi ng v i c c modals ph a tr n.
Have to do it. V dụ: Be able to = can
Have got to do it. Be going to = will.

B. PASSIVE FORM OF MODALS & PHRASAL MODALS

Passive form: modal + be + Past participle

(a) Tom will be invited to the picnic.

(b) The window can’t be opened.

(c) Children should be taught to respect their elders.

(d) may I be excused from class?

(e) This book had better be returned to the library before Friday.

(f) This letter ought to be sent before June 1st.

(g) Mary has to be told about our change in plans.

EXERCISE 14.1: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the appropriate form, active or
passive.
1. James (should + tell)______________________________ the news as soon as
possible.
2. Someone (should + tell) ______________________________ James the news
immediately.
3. Meat (must + keep) _____________________________in a refrigerator or it will
spoil1.
4. You (must + keep) ______________________________meat in a refrigerator or it
will spoil.

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 5. A: Andy, your chores2 (had better+ finish) ______________________________by
the time I get home, including taking out the garbage3.
B: Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll do everything you told me to do.
1. I tried, but I couldn’t + open ______________________________ the window.
2. These books (have to + return) ________________________ to the library by
tomorrow.
C. ADVISABILITY: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER

(a) You should study harder. - Should v Ought to u thể hi n sự khuy n

You ought to study harder. nh .

- Ph nh c a Should l Shouldn’t

- Ph nh c a Ought to l Ought not to

(b) The gas tank is almost empty. We had - Had better c nghĩa g n gi ng v i Should v
better stop at the next gas station. Ought to.

(c) You had better not to be late. - Had better th ng nh n m nh sự c nh b o

v h u qu x u n u kh ng l m theo

- Ph nh c a Had better l Had better not

(d) You better take care of it. - Th nh tho ng trong v n n i, ng i ta c thể

l c b had trong had better

EXERCISE 14.2: Looking at grammar.

Complete the dialogues. Use should, ought to, or had better to give advice:

1. A: The shoes I bought last week don’t fit.

B: You_______________________________________ (return them).
2. A: Have you gotten your airplane ticket?
B: No, not yet.
A: Flights fill up fast near the holidays. You ____________________________(hurry
up).
3. A: Yikes! My class starts in five minutes. I wasn’t watching the time
B: You_______________________________________(run as fast as possible).
4. A: I have hiccups4.

175
 B: You_______________________________________(go to the doctor).
5. A: I bought these organic apples, and all of them are rotten inside.
B: You_______________________________________(bring it back to the
supermarket).

EXERCISE 14.3: Speaking.

Work in pairs. Give advice using should or had better. Include maybe to soften the advice if
you wish.
Example: SPEAKER A: I'm sleepy.
SPEAKER B: (Maybe) You should/ought to drink a cup of coffee.
1. I'm hungry.
2. I'm cold.
3. I love Ngoc Trinh, but she doesn’t know that I love her.
4. I have the hiccups. What should I do?
5. My boy/girl friend cheated on me.

Switch roles.
6. I'm hot.
7. I have just broken up with my boy/girl friend.
8. Someone stole my bicycle.
9. I bought a pair of shoes that are too big for me.
10. My English is too bad.

D. NECESSITY: MUST, HAVE TO, HAVE GOT TO

(a) All applicants must take an entrance - C Must v Have to u thể hi n sự c n thi t
exam. ph i l m g

(b) All applicants have to take an entrance

exam.

c I’m looking for Sue. I have to talk to her - Have to: th ng d ng trong v n n i
about our lunch date tomorrow. - Must: d ng ể nh n m nh
d Where’s Sue? I must talk to her right - Must d ng ể ch sự c p b ch, nh n m nh

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away. I have an urgent message for her. sự quan tr ng c a vi c c n l m so v i Have to

(e) I have got to go now. I have a class in ten - Have got to c ý nghĩa gi ng v i have to
minutes. - Have got to th ng sử dụng trong v n n i.

- Got to c ph t m l gotta

In the past: - Must v Have got to kh ng c d ng qu kh .

(f) I had to study last night. Khi sử dụng th qu kh , ch ng ta sử dụng

Had to.

E. DON’T HAVE TO & MUSTN’T

(a) Tomorrow is a holiday. We don’t have to Khi sử dụng thể ph nh, Must v Have to
go to class. c ý nghĩa ho n to n kh c nhau.
(b) I can hear you. You don’t have to shout.
Don’t have to trong a v b mang ý nghĩa l
không cần thiết phải làm gì. (= don’t need to)

(c) You mustn’t tell anyone my secret. Mustn’t mang nghĩa l cấm ( = Do not do this!)

EXERCISE 14.4: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences with must not or do/does not have to.

1. I’ve already finished all my work, so I _________________ study tonight. I think I’ll
read for a while.
2. In order to be a good salesclerk5, you _________________ be rude to customers.
3. You_________________ introduce me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.
4. A person_________________ become rich and famous in order to live a successful
life.
5. If you encounter6 a growling7 dog, you _________________ show any signs of fear8.
If a dog senses9 fear, it is more likely to attack a person.
6. I_________________ go to the doctor. I’m feeling much better.
7. We _________________ go to the concert if you don’t want to, but it might be good.
8. A person _________________ get married in order to lead 10 a happy and fulfilling11
life.

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EXERCICE 14.5: Looking at grammar.

Choose the correct answer.

1. A lot of people _______ leave their homes to go to work. They can work from their
home offices.

B. Must C. Don’t have to D. Mustn’t

2. To stay alive, people ______beathe oxygen.

B. Must C. Don’t have to D. Mustn’t

3. People who have diabetes12 will have serious health problems if they eat foods with
a lot of sugar. They ______ eat foods with a lot of sugar.

B. Must C. Don’t have to D. Mustn’t

4. A salesperson ______motivate13 people to buy his/her product.

B. Has to C. Doesn’t have to D. Mustn’t

5. You ____ finish your work on this project before you go on vacation. Your job is at
risk14.

B. Must C. Don’t have to D. Mustn’t

6. My room is a mess, but I ______ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the
morning.

B. Have got to C. Don’t have to D. Mustn’t

7. I _______ get some help with my statistics15 course. If I don’t, I won’t pass it.

C. Have got to D. Don’t have to E. Mustn’t

8. Yoko ______ study for her English tests. She understands everything without
studying.

C. Has to D. Doesn’t have to E. Mustn’t

9. Everywhere in the world, stealing16 is against the law17. People _______ steal.

A. Must B. Don’t have to C. Mustn’t

EXERCISE 14.6: SHOULD vs. MUST/HAVE TO:

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Use either should or must/have to in the following

1. People _________________ eat in order to live.

2. People _________________ eat a healthy and balanced diet.
3. I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I _________________ walk home.
4. Walking is good exercise. You say you want to get more exercise. You
_________________ walk to and from work instead of taking the bus.
5. According to my teacher, I _________________ take an advanced grammar course
at E-LAB English Center.
6. Rice _________________ have water in order to grow.
F. ABILITY, REQUEST, PERMISSION: CAN & COULD
(a) She can run quite fast. Can v Could u ch kh n ng c thể l m g .

(b) He couldn’t sing because he had a sore - Can: th hi n t i

throat. - Could: th qu kh .

(c) Can I borrow your notebook? Can v Could u c thể d ng ể y u c u.

(d) Could I speak to Ms. Lewis? - Ở c u d , sử dụng Could sẽ trang tr ng v

l ch sự h n so v i c u c .
(e) May I come in?
- Ở c u e , sử dụng May c ng v i ý nghĩa l ch
sự v trang tr ng nh t.

(f) You can take my car. Can v Could thể sử dụng ể thể hi n sự cho

(g) You could borrow my helmet. phép ai l m i u g .

EXERCISE 14.7: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences with Can, Could, Can’t, Couldn’t.

1. Fish __________ talk.

2. My uncle was a great craftsman18. He made beautiful things out of wood. But he
__________ read or write because he never went to school.
3. An illiterate person is someone who __________ neither read nor write.
4. I __________ get to sleep last night because it was too hot in my room.

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 5. Why __________ all the nations of the world just get along19 in peace? Why are
there always wars somewhere on earth?
6. When I was younger, I __________ stay up past midnight and get up at dawn20
feeling refreshed and ready to go. I __________ do that any longer now that I’m
middle-aged.

EXERCISE 14.8: Listening.

In spoken English, can is typically unstressed and pronounced /kən/. Can’t is unstressed and is usually
pronounced /kænt/ although the “t” is o en not heard. Listen to the sentences and write the words
you hear.

1. The secretary _______________ help you.

2. My mother _______________ speak English.
3. My friend _______________ meet you at the airport.
4. Mr. Smith _______________ answer your question.
5. We_______________ come to the meeting
6. _______________ you come?
7. You _______________ take that course.
8. I _______________ cook.
9. I _______________ drive a stick-shift car.
10. Our son_______________ count to ten.

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 Do what you love OR love
what you do. Which is
UNIT 15 - COMPARISONS better?
Better is comparative form.
I. HOW TO USE
The comparative form is commonly used to compare two people, things, or states.
D ng so s nh th ng c sử dụng ể so s nh hai ng i, v t ho c tr ng th i

II. SO SÁNH H N COMPARATIVES

The comparative form is –er or more… .

A. COMPARATIVES

-er c d ng cho t 1 m ti t v t 2 m more… c d ng cho t 2 âm tiết trở

F
O ti t u i -y lên

R nice => nicer mean => meaner

M smart => smarter dumb => dumber comfortable => more comfortable
thrilling => more thrilling
-y => -ier frightening => more frightening
dry => drier lazy => lazier miserable => more miserable
lovely => lovelier shaky => shakier curious => more curious

S
T The exam was easier than I expected. I like to have a more reliable car.
R
U
C Can you walk a bit faster? Could you dress up more quickly?
T
U Last night I hit the sack earlier than usual.
R
E

1. You can use both –er OR more.. with some 2 – syllable adjectives:
clever narrow quiet shallow simple
Example: It is too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter/more quite?

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 N 2. Irregular comparative forms
O good/well => better
T
 The garden looks better since you tidied it up.
I
C  I know him well – probably better than anyone else knows him
E bad/badly => worse
 'How's your headache? Better?' 'No, it's worse.'
 He did very badly in the exam - worse than expected.
far => further (or farther)
 It's a long walk from here to the park - further than I thought. (or farther than)
further (but not farther) can also mean 'more' or 'additional':
 Let me know if you hear any further news. (= any more news)
many/much => more
 We spent more time on the last job than usual.
little => less
 I eat less chocolate than I used to.

EXERCISE 15.1: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences, using the positive or comparative of the adjectives/adverb in

brackets.
1. Dad's car is much __________ than mine. (fast)
2. I think scuba diving is __________ than climbing. (fascinating)
3. This suitcase is __________ than the others. (heavy)
4. I know him __________, probably __________ than anybody else knows him.
(well/well)
5. Doris reads __________ books than Peter. (many)
6. They live in a __________ house, but Fred lives in a __________ one. (big/big)
7. He did very __________in the exam, __________ than expected. (badly/badly)
8. His company earned __________ money than the years before. (little)
9. He thinks this test was fairly__________ than the last one. (difficult)
10. They live in a really __________ house. (beautiful)
11. Susan is a __________ girl. She's much __________ than her sister. (nice/nice)

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 12. Hotels in London are __________ than in Vienna. (expensive)
13. Bob is __________ than Keith.(tall)
14. My sister is three years __________than me. (young)
15. I think tennis is __________ than cycling. (interesting)
16. I talked to Claire and she is a very __________ girl. (smart)

EXERCISE 15.2: Looking at grammar.

Write the full sentences using given words.
1. I/feel/tired/last night/,so/I/go to bed/early/than usual.
_______________________________________________
2. I/ walk/ far/than/I/expected.
_______________________________________________
3. I/know/him/good/,probably/good/than/anybody else/know/him.
_______________________________________________
4. It/be/noisy/in/the/city/than/it/be/in/the/country.
_______________________________________________
5. Tom Cruise’s flat/be/big/than/I/thought.
_______________________________________________

EXERCISE 15.3: Looking at grammar.

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Use a comparative form (-er or more ...).
1. Yesterday the temperature was six degrees. Today it's only three degrees
=> It’s ..colder today than.. it was yesterday.
2. Dan and I went for a run. I ran ten kilometers. Dan stopped after eight kilometers.
=> I ran………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Dan.
3. Chris and Joe both did badly in the test. Chris got 30%, but Joe only got 25%.
=> Joe did…………………………………………………………………………………………………………Chris in
the test.
4. I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 o'clock. In fact they arrived at 2.30.
=> My friends………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I
expected.

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 5. We were very busy in the office today. We're not usually so busy.
=> We……………………………………………………………………………………… usual in the office today.

1. Better and better/more and more: ng y c ng…

2. The + so s nh h n + the so s nh h n: c ng…c ng…

1. Tr c d ng so s nh ta c thể d ng:
much a lot far (= a lot)
a bit a little slightly (= a little)
Examples:
 Let's go by car. lt's much cheaper. (or a lot cheaper)
 How do you feel now?' Much better, thanks.'
 Don't go by train. lt's a lot more expensive. (or much more expensive)
 Could you speak a bit more slowly? (or a little more slowly)
 This bag is slightly heavier than the other one.
 Her illness was far more serious than we thought at first. (or much more seriousI
a lot more serious)

2. Ta c thể d ng any and no+ dạng so sánh (any longer I no bigger etc.):
 I've waited long enough. I'm not waiting any longer. (=not even a little longer)
 We expected their apartment to be very big, but it's no bigger than ours. or
... it isn't any bigger than ours. (=not even a little bigger)
 How do you feel now? Do you feel any better?
 This hotel is better than the other one, and it's no more expensive

3. Older hay elder

 D ng so s nh c a old l older: David looks older than he really is.

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 Ta d ng elder khi n i v ng i trong m t gia nh: (my/your etc.) elder
sister/brother/daughter/son: My elder sister is a TV producer. (or My older sister
...)

B. SUPERLATIVES

 Short words (1 syllable): ….-est

F
O  Long words (2 syllables or more) : most…

R
M long => longest short => shortest
hot => hottest cold => coldest
BUT
most famous most fascinating most difficult most expensive

1. Irregular comparative forms

N
Good => best bad => worst far=> furthest/farthest
O
T
I  I have seen the best of you, and the worst of you, and I choose both.
C

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 E 2. We normally use the before a superlative (the longest I the most famous etc.)
 Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
 The movie was really boring. lt's the most boring movie I've ever seen.

Compare superlative and comparative:

 This hotel is the cheapest in town. (superlative)
lt's cheaper than all the others in town. (comparative)

 He's the most patient person I've ever met.

He's much more patient than I am
3. Sau so s nh nh t, ta hay d ng: in + đ a điểm/nhóm ng ời, of + thời gian

 What is the longest river in the world?

 Who is the most talkative student in the class?
 What was the happiest day of your life?

MASTER THE LANGUAGE

EXERCISE 15.4: Looking at grammar.

Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (-est or most ... )+ a preposition (of or in).
1. It’s a very good room. It is the best room in the hotel.
2. It's a very cheap restaurant. It’s ………………………………………………………………………. the
town.
3. lt was a very happy day. It was ……………………………………………………………………… my life.
4. She's a very intelligent student. She ……………………………………………………………………… the
class.
5. it's a very valuable painting. It ……………………………………………………………………… the
gallery.
6. Spring is a very busy time for me. It ………………………………………………………………….the
year.
In the following sentences use one of+ a superlative+ a preposition.
7. It’s a very good room. It's is the best room inthe hotel.

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 8. He's a very rich man. He's one ………………………………………………………………….the country.
9. It's a very big castle. It ………………………………………………………………….Europe.
10. She's a very good player. She ………………………………………………………………….the team.
11. lt was a very bad e perience. It………………………………………………………………….my life.
12. He’s a very dangerous criminal. He …………………………………………………………………. the
country

EXERCISE 15.5: Looking at grammar.

Use the correct kind of comparison form of adjectives and adverbs:
1. Your house is ………………….. than my house. big
2. These books are ………………… than those books. thick
3. Hoi An Ancient Town is the …………………….. town in Vietnam. old
4. The Great Wall of China is the world’s …………………. structure. long
5. Nam is ………………. than Ba. He is ……………………. boy in class 6A. tall
6. This girl is …………………… than that girl. clever
7. Mary is ……………………… as her sister. pretty
8. The Nile River is the ………………….. river in the world. long
9. A new house is ………………………. than an old one. e pensive
10. We’ve had …………………. difficulty with this part than that one. (little)
11. His English is …………………….. of these students. good
12. Mount Everest is ……………………… mountain in the world. high
13. Travelling by air or car, which is ………………………… ? interesting
14. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………… ? (quiet)
15. Hanoi is ……………………… than Ho Chi Minh City. small
16. PETRONAS Twins Towers are ……………………… than Sears Towers. tall
17. Thanks to the progress of science, our life is becoming ………… and ………… good
18. In order to get good marks, we have to do ………………….. practice. far
19. John is much …………………… than I thought. strong
20. Mr. Kelly is ………………………… man in that organization. popular

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