Aa abandon vert: ‘leave sb/sth ‘© ADV hastily Thevitlage had beer hassily abandoned. = PHRASES. be founc/laft abandoned Phe car was found ‘@bancioned ina near hy toto, 2stap doing/supporting sth ‘= ADV. altogether, completely. entirely, totally The gor: fernment does not propose 10 abandon the project a together | effectively, largely, virtually Tits principle has now been effectively abardfoned. | simply Traditional pulicies were simply abandoned. | formally | quickly | auietly The plans for reform wore quietly abandoned. | temporarily | voluntarily VERE + ABANDON be forced to | decide to = PREP. for He abandoned the army for poliffs. in favour af Ske abadoned teaching career ir favour af sport abashed adj ‘9 VERHS be, look ‘© ADV, allttle, slightly | sultably He glanew at Juliet ac: cusingly and she looked suitably abashed abbreviation noun ‘# ADJ. common, standard | ABRREVIATION - VERB stand for The abbreviation PCstands for personaleamputer’ = PRED ~ for A/C is Phe standard abbreviation for “aecotint.~of Ad fib isan abbreviation af the Latin phrase cad libitum’ abhorrent adi. © VERBS be | become | find sth © ADV. totally, utterly //inid He idea totally abhorrent. = PREP. to Such a sandae punishinent is abllorrent to a civilized soctet. ability noun 4 skil;power to do sih ‘© ADL. @xeeptional, extraordinary, great, outstanding, remarkable, uncanny | Inherent, innate, natural cis. covering the natural abilities of each child | proven | academic, acting, artistic, athletic, creative. intellec- tual, linguistic, mathematical, musical, reading, tech- nical | mental, physical # VERA - ABILITY have | demonstrate, show Both lovers demonstrated their abitity to hit the ball hard. | acquire, develop | tack I lose Zseera 0 have lost my abil ity to attract clients, | appreciate, racagnize Fox's abit fries were soon recognized. PHRASES to the best of your abllity We will keep you informed tothe best of our abitty 2 speed with which sb learns ‘= AD)s. high Te schinal does nothing for chttdren of high axbility | limited, low | average, mixed Ir is much more lificultto teach a mixed-ability class. VER + ABILITY assess, test S PHRASES a level of ability There was a high levet of ability among the schoo! leavers. a range of abllity/abil- ities Htauehea wide range of abilities. ablaze asi, © VERBS be | set sth Truck after sruck was setablazeas the fire spread. = ADW wall By che time firefiehters were called the house was well ablaze able ad 1able to do sthhaving the ability to do sth ‘VERS be, feel, prove, seem © ADY. perfectly, quite, well is well able to rake care of himseif| better, more Once you've had some sleep you'll {feel better able to cope. | just was,just able a make out a ‘dark figure in the distance. | barely, hardly. only just searcely | less 2clever: doing your job well + VERAS. be, soem She seems very able + ADV. extremely, very | faily, reasonably abode noun = ADI. humble (humorous) Welconeeto my humble abode, «VERB + ABODE take up your (formal or jumarous) 1 had been invited to take up my abode at Government House «PHRASES. of no fixed abode (law) (= without a per. manent address). An 1¢3ear-old man of no fixed abode ap. peared at Teessicle magistrates court yesterday. the right of abode (law) (= the right to live ina place) abolish verb # Abv. altogether, completely. totally Some MPs want fo abolish the tax altogether: | virtually | largely Foreign ex: changecontrols were largely abolished. © VERB + ABOLISH seekto | decide to, vote to abortion noun ‘© Ans, backstreet, illegal | legal | induced, spontan- ‘eous, therapeutic 4S VERD + ABORTION have When she gor pregnant at 16 she decided t0 have an abortion. | carry out, do (infor: mit), perform Some nurses wanted the right (0 refuse to perform abortions, ABORTION + NOUN law, legislation she country’s strict abortion laws | elinie, counselling # PREP, ~On He carried out an abortion ona fifteen-year oldgirt. ‘© PHRASES abortion ¢n demand (= the right to have an abortion if you want one Women’s groups are calting for frevcontraception and abortion on demand. abste@ss noun VERN + ABSCESS develop, get f developed an abscess fn my neck. | burst, drain, lance | treat = ABSCESS + VERD burst Once an abscess has Burst it ‘should be bathed with antiseptic ligesid absence noun fact of not being present © ADJ. lengthy, long, prolonged | brief. temporary | unauthorized S QUANT. period, spell You till not be paid for the full period of absence. fs vkee. duringfin sb’s~ (= while sb is not there) My feather did all he cooking in my mother'serbserce. | from ‘absence from work ‘© PHRASES conspleuousinotable by your absence (- very obviously absent when you ought to be present)absent 2 When it came to dlearing up afiarwards. Anne wos con. spicuous by her absence, teave of absence > permlsston lebe absent) Heasked for leanvof absence from thearmy 2lack ADL. complete, total | virtual | conspicuous, not: able aconspicumus absence af evidence © PRED, In the~of in the absence of siane, most houses in the areaare built of wood. absent aai. = VERBS be | remain + sv completely, entirely, quite, totally, whatly | vire tually | Iargaty | temporarily | canspteuously, —mark+ edly, notably, noticeably, strikingly Loca! people tere canspicuously absent from she meeting. | strangely He played wtth an abandon thas was strangely absemt from his perfor riatoe last work. PREP. from He weis absent from wrk for eon weeks. absorb verp A liquid/gas/energy, ste. ‘SADY. quickly. rapidly | directly. easily. readily. * PHEL. Inte Nudrients areahsor bed indo the blooestreame. 2 make part of sth larger = ADV. gradually | Increasingly | PHRASES be absorbed Inte stly These commitices mere etudually absorbed inin the local goverment machine, 3information:atmos phere ‘© ANY easlly, readily The information is presented so Phat it car be readily absorbed. [ passlvely ainterest = aby: completely. totally, utterly His work absorhed hum complesels: | deeply absorbed a «VERBS appear, be, look, adam | become, get | keep aba jigsaw purzziecan keep mg absorbed for hours. «apy extremely, very | complately, fully, totally, ut- tenty He was tosaily absorbed ta his book. = PREP in abstract aaj. + EES be # sox, highly, very | entirely, purely purely afstrnct drawing [increasingly | tairly, rather, somewhat absurd adi, ‘= VERTIS be, look, seem, sound | become | ind sth Sho found the ehote concep: feintly wbsard. + AON. absolutely. completely. quite, uttory | clearly, manifestly, patenily | fainly, rather, slightly, seme- what | weandertully SCINASES a sense of the absurd His sense af the abe Sura ep him from beeuening ton solemn. abundance noun | ADJ. great, sheer We were amazed hy the sheer abun- dunce af food. | relative SVERR «© ABUNDANCE have The country hasan abun dance of matured resources | produce, provide eran. In~ Exotic plants grew therein greatabuanianee abuse noun ‘1 erongrbad use of sti "Abd. alcohol, drug. solvent, substance (- drugs or solvents) »VERR abuse. erHRASES the abuse of power ABUSE be apn te The lenal system is open to 2bad, usually violent treatmentot sb D3. emmotional, physical, sexisexual | child. elder victims of child abuse | human tights ~3 allcerttions of ftuman rights abuses | alleged, euepacted 4 QUANE case six cosesof suspected child abuse VERO + ABUSE carry out, subject sb fo She wus sub jected to reqatar sexuat abuse. | suffer, taka The child ‘had taken.a ot of emotionalabuse. | suspect shot ABUSE + VEIUs happen, occur, take place ‘*PIERASRS an allegation af abuse, a perpetrator of abuge.a victim of abuse ‘Sinsulting words ‘© AD. verbal ] personal. racial © QUANT stream. torrant He was subjected ta torrentof abuse. © VERS + ABUSE hurb, scream, shout, shower sb with, subject sb to, yell | ondura They had to endturg continual ractalabuse. ‘PHRASES heap abuse on sbisth Abuse and scorn were heaped on the proposals. a targat torfaf abuse The team «who Jost fecame a target of abuse for angryfans. aterm of abuse Cadling someone stupid is definitely a derm of abuse. abuse ters ‘+ a1, emationally, mentally, physically, sexually. ver- baally Ali the children hac beer phy siealiy an enntionatty abused. abusive ari, YeKns be | becom [vary | ute openly He bescmeopentyabrsice academic adj. + vERes be | become ADU merely, purely. strictly The distinction being nade ispurely ecartemie, | largely.rather, samewnat, academy noun = ADJ. military.naval, police, ding VERN - ACADEMY amena goto © PREP, atanithe~ He later studied at the Rezyul Academy, accelerate ¢erb 1 g0 fester ‘ALY. hard, quickly | smoothly The runners acceler ated smoothly round the Bend. | suddenly | away The car purred into ijeand accelerated ata. 2 develop quickly © ADY. dramatically. greatly. rapidly, sharply The Ads epidemic fs accelerating crareatically. acceleration noun increase in speed ADL rapid a pRep, ~in There has been a rapid arcelerution in the Brow of inetusiry, ability of a car to accelerate ‘© ADJ. fast, goad Theis madal has the best acceleration of any auatiabdle sportscar: | poor, slow accelerator noun VERS + ACCELERATOR depress, hit, press. pul your Foot (dawn) on, step on She put herfooton the accelerator ‘and ewe sped through she traffic lights. | take your foot aff = ACCELERATOR + NOUN pedal accent nou ‘= ADJ. broad, marked, pronaunted, strong, thick She hada pronounced Scottish accent, | slight | eountry. for-efgn, local, regional | plunmy, posh, public school | cockney | American, middle-class, northern, etc, «avant, hint, trace Her Franch was excellent, withoura rraceofan accent. “VERB + ACCENT hava, apaak invwith | acquire | at fact, assume, imitate, put on Site put on a posh accent when she answered the phone. | cultivate | lose He fost hismorihern accent after moving south. @PRER. In anl~ She spoke in a broad Mtdlonds accent. withywithout an~a fol? mon with an American accent accept vero Viskesrecgive samy lady, graclously, gratefully wilingly She yra ciously accepted my apology. | reluctantly SYED = ACCHPT be glad to, be happy to | he reluc- {antto, be unwilingto pe unablete fam unfortunately inate cecept sour Rd paeasion PREP. from /aecepted the iftfrom my sister 2agreeadmit = ADY raadity Some people ready accept thed they may Ihave ropa fr medical tectnent. {lly s'vern + ACCEPT be happy to, be prapared to, be teady tobe willing to & hereluctantto oa ureallag ta L be nate 19, refuse to | canteannot, cou (nob. veinavon’. would (not) The inivesityeaanot accept re SPORSILLiy for items Boss pr stolen on itt promises. | bo forcedto sDHUASES be commenly/generalyiiniversalywidely Secepted I de fereralls cacepted that penple are aot over by success: acceptable ad «VERBS be, prove, seem | becoma | make sth an at. wmpt te make the reforms acreptable to both sides | con- sider ath, daam sth, ind sth Werustconie upiaith a srt tion that our sharetolders tt find acceptable. ADV. eminently. Highly, wery Her Breeding and back serimund made her eminentis acceptable in royal circles. | somplataly, entirely, fully, perfectly, quite, totally Yogurt ts a perfectly acceptable substitute for cream in cooking. (fairly, reasonably { (not) remotely the only national newspaper even remotely aecepiable to she le wing | generally, mutually, universally, widely | aasily, readily | equally Are all potitical and religious groups equally occeptable? | publicly | commarcially, cultural- ly, environmentally, ethically, grammatically, morally, politically, soslally « prammadioaty acceprabte sentence soclally necepiable behaviour + FRE, toacomprumsethat isecceplable to bath ses acceptance nuun + ADJ. complete, full, total, unconditional, wholeh eart- ed | conditianal, grudging. reluctant | gradual | great or, growing, Increasing Aiternarive medicines are nae: teinning gremier coceplance among doctors. | general, popular. publle, universal, wide, widespraad | blind, easy, immediate, ready, uncritical, unquestioning, vol- untary Their atiltewe was condemned os blind acceptance of authority. | implicit, passive, tacit | formal, official | social VERE + ACCEPTANCE find, gain, win The idea wos slow to gain generat acceptance. | seek Thee group is now seoking format acceptance, ACCEPTANCE + NUL Speech access nnn | 4D4 direct, eagy, free, good, ready, uniimited, unrestrleted F lited deep in the country without easy ac. ‘ess to shops. | limited. poor, restricted Access fo ht in formations severely restricted. | Improved | immediate, accident Instant, quick, rapid | equal Men and rumen should have wquat access wo education and employment, | public vehicular, wheelchalr | randem (computing) random ‘access memory VERB + Access have I gain, get | give (eb), offer (ob), provida (eb with) The caus onmpuver promides access toallshesiles. | damane! | seek { allow (sb), grant (sb) | deny sb, prevant, refuse (6b), restitet Some penple are being denied access to proper medical care, ACCESS » NOUN road,route PREP. ~for improved acwess for disabled visitors ~to He was finaly granted access to the medical records, accessible cu. 1 able tobe reached @ VEKUS be | become J remain | make sth «aby. dlewetly, easily. treely, roadily | fully 1 reasan- ably, relatively | publicly PREP by The mauseuma is eusily accessible ty public sransport. for Alt the buildings are accessible for poopie in heeichairs, trom The garden is accessible from the Jane. t0 The boach shoutd beactessible toeveryene. 2easy to understand = VERES bo | bocome | make sth © ADY easily, highly, immediately, readily, very 1 is uriien #n simple kanguage, tmimediately aocescibie ta the reacter | widely ‘2 PREP. to Thecarsvon stripsare designed ro make Shake speare acvessthle tochitdren. accessory nour 1 extra item ADL. essential, perfect, usoful Tis silk scarf ts the perfect accessory for stylish summer evenings. | bath room, car, fashion 2 person who helps in crime PREP. ~toan apcess0ry fo.murcer PHRASES an accesséry helorelafter the fact (= 2 per- son who knows bout eritne hufarejafter it was commit (ad and protects the eriminal (aw) 4f pote were tying 0 the police, then your have been an accessory after thejactfor allehese years, accident noun t unexpected event thal causes demage-injury ‘+404 dreadful norrific,maler, nasty, serious, terrible ‘ragic, unfortunate | fatal a fatal road accidens | enor. slight | treak Their boat sank ir @ freak accident. | sear thar nearly happens, buldoes nof) | flleanderun If alr- raft, canoeing, car, climbing, flying. industrial, motor, nuclear. road, traffe, ete 4 VERB + ACCIDENT be involved in, have, meat with She met with an accident sahile on Ftiday on Spain. | cause | prevent | survive + ACCIDENT + vEWs happen. occur. take place “ACCIDENT + NOUN prevention | rater, statiaties: + Ree, in anithe~ | THNASES am accident invalving He was badly Aurt in an accident nonloing two cars and a lorry tha ecote of the accident ‘ie ambulance took onky six minutes to retich she soenvof the accident 2 s(n not planned in advance ‘ADS, pure, sheer By pare accéaen fe Nad cumte across shevery man who could save the ayster. | PRER by Hemet by accident the airport 4 HHRASHS bo na accident that... Zeésno accident that sera fill ost of the top fobs, by accident or design It hap pened, whether by accident or deste. that Steveand {were ‘he test t00 people to leave.accidental accidental aa + VERBS be + ADK, completely, purely, quite | almost acclaim noun ‘© api great | general, public. universal, wide, wide- spread | popular | critical Fer latest novel hasieon great critécal acclaten. | international, national, worldwide # VERB - ACCLAIM earn (sb), gain (sb), meet with, re ceive, win His discoveries earned hin wide acclaim ‘SPREE to ... = The play opened last week to unitersatac claizn, | ~for She received international acclaim for her interpretation of Chopin, ~from acclaim from the crities acclaim vers: srrnases be critically acclaimed. be highly/inter- nationaliyiwidely atctaimed This book has heen widely acclaimed asa modern classic, accolade noun ADI greatest. highest, supreme, ultimate Aour res inurants have been awarded the highest aceotade of a sthreestar rating * VERE » ACCOLADE earn, recelvo, bestow, grant (sb) | deserve in | award (sb), accommodate vers ADV. comfortably, easily dr was a large hal, oF people coute becomfortably accommodated. * VERB «ACCOMMODATE ean‘eould The car park can accommodate about 20cars. vherva lot accommodation noun ‘ place for sb a tve/stay + Abi. comfortable, docont, equate, poor, substandard | excellent, luxurious | overnight, temporary | permanant | free | private, rented | holiday. hotel | living. residential | sleeping | bed-and-breakfast | furnished | sheltered any old people choose 10 live in sheltered accommodation. | se- ‘cure He eed more sectare accommodation for youn pris oners, | student # Vet = ACCOMMODATION have The council should be able to help families who have me accommodation. | look for, seek | find, get, secure | offer (sb). provide (sb withy irs hedut ofthe local community w provide ac: comninodation for Me homeless. S ACCOMMODATION + NOUN costs 2 satisfactory arrangement * VERA 1 ACCOMMONATION come to, make, work out | seek + PREP. ~between Some accommodation berween conser: tation and tourism isessential. ~te accommodation tthe harsh cireumstancesof rurat life~with They woreforced 10 reach an accoenmodatian wich the robes. good. sultable | inad- reach, accompaniment nun 1th eaten drunk with food + ADI, delicious. good, ideal # VERB © ACCOMPANIMENT be,make S PREP ~forito These winesalss makea good accompant ment for vegetarian dishes. 2 music played to go with singing, ate ‘© ADI Instrumental, musical, orchestral | piano, string. ete. © VER | ACCOMPANIMENT provide | compose, write * PREP to the~of She sang tothe accompaniment of gui ‘ars. with an~ prefer to sing with an acconapaniment, sth that happens af the same time ‘© ADJ. essential, inevitable, necessary PRED, to the~of The women's medical school opened in 174, to the aecumpaniment of much ridieule af “lady doctors’ with the of tle market, with its tnevitable 1c companiment af bustle and niise accomplice noun + ADJ. willing | unwilling | unwitting | alleged 4 PREP. ~In She became his umeitting accomplice in the robbery ~toan accomplice to murder accomplish wrt = ADV safely, successtully 4 rather diffeult task had deen successfullyaccomplished. | easily accomplished adj ¢ VERDS be | become = ADV extremely. highly, very | technically a zechnical Ipaceomplished musician = PREP. at Sarah had become accomplished at runing the house. in He came to London in 1976, atready accom plished ie che Kinglish language accomplishment noun Ans. considerable, great, real, significant | technical ‘Hor echnical accomplistimens on the piano is starshing = PREP. of... ~a ork of real accompléshiment | ~In Itis a zrent accomplishment in singing to take the metogit fine up twa position of energy and hold itthere. accord noun + ADJ. draft | peace. trade = VERU + ACCORD draw up, negotiate, reach A peace accord was reached on 26 March. | endorse. ratty, sian + PREP. ~between a rade accord Jerween Europe and the United States ~on an accord on environmental protection ‘with They signed a tracte accord with the Armerioans. accord verb Ay. fully = PRED, with His version of events des nos accord fully soft the facts. account noun ‘(description ‘© Abu. brief, short | blow-by-biow. comprehensive Actailed, full, graphic, vivid He gave us @ blou-by-blote ac cout of the incident. | accurate. clear, eyewitness. fac- tual. first-hand, true. verbatim | glowing, good She re ceived a glowing account of her son's prosress. | news= paper the newspaper account ofthe trial VERE - ACCOUNT give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb) Can you give usan account of what happened? PREP. inanithe~ Dr Richardsdescribes this very well hisaceount of the events # PHRASES by all accounts (- according to what peaple say) P've never beer there, but it's a lovely place by all ac ‘uttnts. by sb's own account By his orem account he Pad ‘an unhappychtiahved 2arrangement with a bank society | current I deposit. in- vyestment. savings | personal | business | joint, sep- arate My husband and I have separate accounts, | num- bered They havea numbered account in Switzerland. |VERA + ACCOONT have, hold Gi arid see the manager af the hank where your account is held. | open Shee opened! ‘asavings acemunt at the Duileling suctety | close | erect sth to, pay/put sth into The money will beeredited to your ‘account tomorrow. | debit (sth front), draw sth out (of)pay ath from, take sth aut (of. withdraw sth chrom) She haat taken afl her money ott of her account. | over draw Your account is overdrawn. | PREP ~at Henbened an account at a bank in Germany. with an account with Barclays Bank accounts record of money a business eatns/spends ‘SVR + ACCOUNTS do, keep Try kexp arcuate de- nuns, | audit, ehaek, look at | submit Your aesounes ‘will neato be subentted tothe tax office. ACCOUNTS + VERR bein order Theaccounts re all ix order © Special pageat susiNess arrangement with a shop/business ‘| Ab), ‘@xpense {= an arrangement to charge expenses to Your own employers) taking clients for expense account bunches SYENS — ACCONNT uve | open Fd tike tv apen nn ac. count, please, | clogs I pay off, eotle 11s best fosettiethe ‘account each month. | charge sth to, doblt (ath from), put stv on Charge this tomy account, please. | credit sth to PREP on~ Ring for @ catyon account. | ~ count witha targe store With an ac account vert PHRASAL VERB account for sth apy Cully The increase can he fully accounted for | partly The differences In achievement betwt0? the biupits are partly accounted for by differences in og ity noun ‘Abs. greater, increased | local, publle démanas for renter publicaonountabilicy bn the patie service | demon ératic, financial, managerial, moral, padlamentary, po Hep, pallfcal, professional | government, police # VERB + ACCODNTARTITY anhance, improv crease, strengthen | reduce, weaken Thit process of centralization fur ther weakens accountabltt. | ensure s TREP_~for to ensure accounterblity for decisions made "ta police accountability tothe public: + vumases a demand for accountability, a lack of ac~ countably she apparent tack of aovourtabitty of tie se curity forces a need for accountability There [a need far ‘ncreased professional eccouniabiiey accountal accountable ag « VERUS be [ hecame | make sb | hold sh Te direct ‘1s are hel accountable by the shareholders + apy, Tully, properly | directly Senior managers are directly accountaBie to the Board of Directors. | putaicly Local authoritles should be publicty accountable to te communities they serve. | democratically demoeratical- accountable parliament | finanelally, palitcally prep, for én the end, we are al! accountable for our ac- tions. to Politiciatssare accmuntabte to Partioment, accountancy nous ADJ, Chartered | creative it hod taken considerable ‘creative accountancy’ on may part to produce a sot of fig uresthat showed us making any profit at alt S ACCOUNTANCY » NOUN firm, practice | body the members of the different professional acoountaricy bodes I profession Note at SUBJECT (lor moreverbsandnouns) accountant noun ‘+ ADI. certified. charlated | grsforsional, quallfled | trainee | retired | independent, self-employed | com- pany | ehlof Weeathed in thecompany"s chisf accountant. accuse [ managamant | investigating, reporting the snvestigat Inu aceountant’sreport > Nole at PROFESSION AL (for vorbs) accumulate vers ‘© anx graduatly.slowly | sleadily | rapidly © VERN + ACCUMULATE taegin to | be allowed to Dirt ‘must aot be allowed 10 accumulate. | tend to Trie chem- ‘cats tend tomceumulate in the body. accumulation sou "Abd. rapid | eteady the steady accumulation of eu dence try the police | stow | great, impressive, large. massive a massive accumulation of fats about the motor industry | capital Ginance) “VERE + ACCUMULATION leadto £ prevent accuracy noun Any, absolute, complete, deadly, perfect. pinpoint, total, unarring ke needle has to be positfuned with pi- point axenracy, | amazing. considerable, great, high Ueckaicad, remarkable, uncanny | reasonable, suff- cient | factual, historical. technical + Quaxt degrea, level The missiles arecapabfe ofa very high degree of eccuiracy 5 VERN « ACCURACY improve, increase Weare hoping ta Imprrwe the accuracy of our forecasts, | check, eon- ‘irra, test | ensure Great cate tstaken to ensure sheascur- cy of research data. | doubt, question Many penple fegan toquestion the accuracy of his statement, PREP with ~ Zt is possible to predict the outcome with yen sanadleaceurasy. accurate oa) + VERBS. be, prove His predict ns proved accurate. «ADY deadly, extremely, highly, very [ amazingly, re markably. surprisingly. uncanrily | cornpletely, per fackly, totaly | not completely, nat entirely. not quite, not strictly, aatwholly The fgureshe gave were not sirit- Jy accurate. | paftlally | broadly, fairly, ganorally, late ty, pretty, quite, reasonably, sufficiontly | historically, statistically # PIRASRS full and accurate Hegavea utlandaccuraie account af his movements accusation ju + 43. serious | falte, groundless, unfoundad, unjust. wild | bitter | rautua! They sank inia mateo! accusation andi jnerimination. | public | veiled She made a fot of thinly veiled accusations. | renewed, repeated *VERD « ACCUSATION fevel a make an accusatfon frequentiy leveliec! ai funtor doctors | face Their father ‘aw faces on accusation of murder. | deny, dismiss, fate, reject { prove, support New evidence nas enehatt «which supports the accusation ogainst he. @ ACCUSATION + YeRD My aboutvaround There seem tr bea totaf witd accusations fying around. *# PREP amid~s He fled the country amid accusations of Fraud. | ~against Yor made a public accesation of mis conduct against Nigel. *DUIRASES bring an accusation against sb She rejected all the accusations brought against her accuse vert © ADY practically. virtually She pracvieally accused meat starting the fire? | falsely, unjustly, wrongly | angelly | ‘openly, publlely Fhey openty arcused her of dishoneste “VERB + ACCUSE cannoticauld not You can's acruse anf being selfish. PREP of No one could ever accuse this government of not caring about the pooraccustomed fe rumases stand accused of He stands accused of mur Heron his wife and ehiedren. accustomed ad}. accustomedte sth = vEwus be | bacome. get. grow Site had grown aceus: ‘tomed to his long absences. ¢ ADV. quite, woll He was weltaccustomed tw hard work ace noun ‘playing card => Nokext CARD 2.winning first hit in tennis: «VERB + ACE serve Rafter has served ftesn aces inthe mach so for 3persan who is very good al sth « Abs. fighter. flying. deal. motorcycle, socear, ennis ache noun ‘physical pain ‘+ Any. dull, nagging, throbbing I familiar | muscular stomach, tummy vin — ACHE, be aware of, feat //elt the famitiar ache in my lowe Back. | aase He changod his posite once rain weasethe act tn his back. ences ~ VERR throb 4 dal! ache chrobbed at the Back of Dewvie's head. e PREP. ~ing nagging ache fr her knee + FHRASHS aches and pains He was aluays complain. ingabout hts warions achesand pains 2oreat sorrow ‘sADd, deep, dull, nagging ATP. - ACHE. feel, eave Ste kept focting the nagging ache in her heart ePHER, ~in She could hardly spwak for the ache in her heart, ~Insida,~of theucheof loneliness inside him ache vr ant badly, really Afy feet ached Dudly: La bit My tet foot ected w bit ‘PRED, from I still reatly ache from all that cycling esterday. sregases ache all over Her head fell hod and she was aching olloter achieve cert A.VERR — ACHIEVE fall to The arosont feu has failed 10 achieve its objectives. | bo designed to | be difficult to, be eagy to, be Impassibleto, be poselbleto achievement noun ‘thing done successfully ADs. considerable, extranrdinary. fine. greal, import: ant, Impressive, majar, no mean, notable, outstanding, reat, remarkable. significant, tremendous This was 70 ‘mean achievement jor the gevernment. | rare | unique | concrete. solid | crowning, main. proudest, suprome | lasting | modest | personal! architectural, artistic, cultural, economic, educational, engineering, literary, sclentifc, sporting, technical, technological ‘RR | ACHIRVEMENT be. eanstitute, reprasent “This conference’ izself constitutes a solid achicvenient = PRE, ~In Site wasgiven a prize for her achtevernhés in rextiledesign. epnRASES quite an achlovement Zo de oftreda ploceat Such a goad urTiversity is qultean achievement. 2act of achieving sth ‘ADs. high £200 Years af oonsisientiy igh achievement | positive | individual, personal | hurnan He delfeves Furopean civilization was the high point of Rurman achievement. | academic. extucational, intellectual Suc: cess should not be meastered solely by educationat achieve. ment, «PHRASES @ feolingisense of achievement Climbing the Toturtain gave tine a tremendous seast af achieve mend. a lack of achievernent, a levelistandard of achiavament, a record of achievement an impressive rv curd of achievement acid nous ‘chemical compound AW. concentrated. strong | dilute, weak | acetic, amino, carbolie, elle, folic, hydrochloric, lactt. nitric nucleic, prussic, sulphuric etc VERE + acto produce | neutralize You wit! nerd @ spettatehemical ioneuaralize the acid. #ACTD + VER buen sth THe acid burned a hole in her overatis 2illegal drag ‘vers - actn dropsnioking jointsand dropping acid =) Noteat RUG acknowledge 1) J admitvrecognize © Ay. fully | froaty, readily | clearfy, explicitly | ef. foctivaly, implicitly, tacly The peace setdurnentefective- 1y acknvwoloiged the country's independence. | formally, officially | openly, publicly He acknowleryed publics that he might have mace 2 mlsiake, | privataly {raluc- tantly, rufully * VERD + ACRNOWLEDGE failto, refusa te | be forced to Mental ness can exist for years Before faraities are forced toackaowledgethe truth, ‘© PHRASHS be ganarally/universaliyiwidely acknow- ledgedasrute at is weiversaly acknowledged 2reply toletter ADV. duly The company duly acknowledged recetpi of the fete: | naroby 7 Rercby ecknowlecige receips of pour lett of 5 July agknowledgement son 4 ADi. briof | oxpticit | tacit | open, official | belated | welcome VERB - ACKNOWLEDGEMENT amount to, be This mounted to an acknowledaement that she had been wrong. | get, revelva I wrote to them but never got any ackrcowiadgement. | grunt, 10d, wave She merely nodded ‘ackreowtedigerrient af his statement ePRER In ~ (of) He raised fis hand to her in cknowledgertent. | ~from She is stilt waitiner for sarae acknowledeement from her fellow academics, “Pitkases with due acknowledgement He borrowed Joma aumber of sources, with dueacknowledgenent public | formal acne noun * ADs, bad,tornible ‘© YERN - ACNE have, auffer from He had terrible acne tohen he wos younger: | clevetop, get A fot of teenagers der elon aene, | treat Doctors can trent acne with pills or creams, #ACNE + YERB clear (up) done often clears up with a charegein diet acquaintance noun ‘person you know Ab. casual 7 bumped into a cusual acquaintance in town. | naw | close, ald | business, mutual, personel, soclal | VeKE + acuuaiwtance bump Into, meet | great {eb as) He was greeted as an old acquaintance. | PIRASES friends and acquaintances2knawledge of sb/sth + ADI. nodding, passing, sight aman with whom f hod passing acgtiatmance | brief. short | close, intimate 4VERB + ACQUAINTANCE make sb/sth’s (= become acqualited with sb/sth) [first made is aequaimiance in 1992. { strike up Ifirst met Straon in I9swand siruck up ant acquaineance with him | renew ever. of sb’s~ He introduced me to a fady of his ae quaintance |~ with her aiquainiance with modern Brench philosophy = PHRASES hava an acquaintance with They fave fitle uequoiniance with colloquia’ Ensiish. on clossiloser acquaintance, on first acquaintance On first acquaint ancesheseemeda title dd acquainted aj. ‘familiar with stn svEins be [become + DY. well | tuly 2 bent with Areyou fully acquainted with the facts? knowing sb personally veHBS be | become, gat /120utd lke to get acquainted ‘wits her | get sh Playing a gaine with the chitdren is a oor eay of yeing chem acquainted. + ADS, elosely, intimately, wall | personally ‘PRE with Jam ot personally acquatniod with hee acquisition nnn ‘Thing you have obtained +A latest-new, racant 2acl af obtaining sth = ADJ. data, language, property Language acquisition ‘begins inthe frst months ofa baby's if = VERB + ACQUISITION complete, make The company as Just made another acquisition acquittal noun + VERR + ACQUITTAL return The jury reaurned an ae quittal after only seventeen minutes, | dleact, order The {ria} judge had directed an acquistal. 1 gain (eb), obtain. secure | lead to, result in Tv rtal resulted in at acest tal, | uphoid The judge upheid thetr acquttend, acre noun confoteatanastien act noun 4 thing thal sb doss '@ ADA. charitable, king | nerole aherotcact af bravery [ aggressive, barbaric, hastle, provocative, terrorist. vio- lent | appalling, despicable, outrageous, terrible | criminal, iMegal, unlawful, wrangful { caralass, foolish, impulsive | conscious, deliberate, positive, voluntary. wilful | private a prizate uxt of revenge | publle | cre ative, dramatic, physical, poltical, eymbolic | homo- sexual. sexsoxual | balancing. disappearing, Juggling, vanishing The UN must perform a dificult balancing act etoten the twa ides tn theconfilct. #VERB | ACT commit (ow), perform charged with committing an actof gross indecency «PREP. In tha~of (= doing something) [ ~6f For Fane, theattof writiny was always diffu srimmases anactof faith, lave, violence, will, worship, ate,. catch st In the act (oF doing sth) He was caughe In shy ect of stealing. the slmplebvery act of doing sth The perpactof wrlting oul your plan clarifies what you need to do, Daalse Actilaw made by a government, «VERS + ACT bring én, Introduce, pass The Act was passed bya majority of 175 uate to 18. | ammand | ré peal action ‘The old Act has now been repealed. | breach, contravene ‘Tra company had breached the 1984 Companies Act. ACT + VERB become law, come into farce The new Children's Act will come into force next year | contain sth, say sth, stata eth The Act contains regulations for banks.ane bui ding societies, = PREP. under anfthe= He was changed under the Fire arms Acsof 1977, 3enlertalnment, entertainers ‘ADI. clase (infortdals (used for sb who does sth well) Their new striker looks 6 class act, | double comedy double act French and Saunders | tive sheir reputation as one of rack's most impressive itve gets | malp. support ‘The main oct will cameon at about ten o'clock. | cabaret, cireus, comedy, sang-and-dance, stage, variety. VERS + ACT do, perform He does a iletle sone-and. danceact. | reheare®, work on, Adiviston of a play +401 opening | Final, last | first, second, ete. «PRED. [n(the)~ Theding is killed in the opening act. Sinsincere behaviour VERE — ACT put on Don’t fake any notice she's just putting onan act! act verh 1do sth/behave ‘© AMY. at once, Immediately. promptly. quickly, swiftly ‘Phe government nist act pramptly ta change this law | correctly, legally, property | illegally, improparty, unconstitutforally. unlawfully. wrongly I reasona iy, responsizly, sansibly, wisely | dishonesty. dishonourably, unnbasonably | oddly, strangely, sus. piciously Jenny has been acting rather strangely recent bravely | decisively | effectively | In good faith iis defence Was that he had acta ti goed faith, | in salf de fance These accepted that he had acted in sef deféce, | accordingly George Inew about the lotr and acted ac- cordingly: PREP. against The xovermment needs ( act axainst he saleaf thesedangeravts toys, forion bohatt of st His Sati tors are condinting #0 0¢t for him, lke Stop acting like @ Spoldtchita.o hormones in the brain that act tke netrarat aintkitlers on Alcahol acts quickly on the brain. out of F suspected dist heiwas acting aut of matice “PHRASES actin sb’s best Interests Wearealfacting in the best Interests the children, 2perform in play/tim ‘© apy. briliantly, well | badly acting neva + ADL bellant, excellent, good | bad, poor, wooden Thefilm és spoited by some very wooden actin SVERE + ACTING do Fdid quite a lot of acting when wasatcottege. ACTING + NOEN career. profession action nour 1 process of deing sth ¢ AD. decisive, affective, Frm, strong, vigarous [ ira mediate, prompt, swift. urgent | drastic, emergency ‘The situation oxite jor drastic action, | collective, con- certed, joint, united I direct, positive | avasive | cor rectiva, remadial j discipiinary, logal, rllitary. political, strike Disciplinary action will by taken against students tela cheat, (sec alse industrial action) Vile + ACTION taka | call for | agree on The lead: ers have agreed on jolnt action 0 combat terrorism, | leap/springswing Into The emergency services swung aun action as soon. 6s the disaster wes reported. { earcy ‘out, perform, take Only the priest can perform these ac Hons. & We shat! take whatever acttons are necessary’ |active ‘qalvanize/prodispur sb Into We have ta nalvanize people imoaction. | bringsput sth into We teed to put these ideas inioaction. | keepiput sbisth out of A fre has put the fac sory out of action. ‘erage in~TAave not yei seen the machines in action. out ‘ot~ He is out of action following an ankle injury. | ~agalnst ogainst drug dealers ~ on Fhe government 1s soking strong actionon refugees '@ CHRASES a course of action Js tis the bust eourse af action tofetton? 2legal case = ANS. court { civil, criminal, tbe! 9° VERN + ACTION bring, take out Her Rushand browghe ‘a ciod actton against her after shetr divorce. = PREP, ~against 3fighting DJ. enemy He was killed turing enemy action. SYERD ~ ACTION see f never saw action during the war «70 HaSES Killodmlssingtwounded in action He wus reported missing in action active aa, «-veuus be | become | Keep (ixformaD, remain try to eep activein the caldroeather: # AD\ oxtramely, highly, very « Highly aotive volcano | increasingly | faity, quite, reasonably | equallya bust nesman who is equally active in politics { mentally physically 1's important so rematn mentally active after Fetirement, | sexually A minority of chidren are sexually “active before they are in their teens, | economically, pt: ically When dict you first become politically ative? “= PRED. against drugs at are actine against cancers in “She has dean active in local paliticsfor some years activity noun ‘+ ADIL Irantle, fronetic, heightened, increased. intense Teriminal, lilegal, subversive. terrorist | classroom, ‘group { extra-curricular, letsure, leisure-time, cutdoo fecreational, social | montal. physical sexua! | bes ness, commercial, cultural, aconomic, ind ustrfal, intol leclutal, political, Scientific | government, military, po- Nice.unton | human | olectrical, gealagica|, volcanic SLANT. burst, furry There was a flurry of activity as ‘he film star appeared on the batcany. | \avel Newspapers report a higher level of activity in the jorelan exchange mnarkets ‘evere + acrivity da Here's an actioity you can do ‘with mixed ebitity classes. | ba Involved In, engage fn, Participate in, take part in, undertake We suspect he may de inooived in ileal activities, o Teachers here are not attowed to engage In any political activity | stop, sus endl terminate The party's activities have been suspend | stimulate Zt wilt only be possible to stimutate bus: auessactotiywithan indection of publicfunds, | curt | 70- sume | buzz with (only used when the activity ts un- countable) The reora was buczzing with activity. * PHRASES a hive of activity (= a very busy place) The classroom i0as a hve of activity as the children prepared fortheconeert a sign of activity Police waiched the house “all day, but there was na sign of actvig. actor, actress nun » ATL accomplished, bern, brilliant, consummate, ax- perienced, fine. good. great. talented. wonderful You're 4 tura actor! | celebrated, Famous, leading. principal, soughtatter, star, veteran, well-known | successful | bi-part, struggling. unknown | aubof-werk, un- employed | aspiring, would-bo | frustrated Fecturers cary often frustrated actors who enjay performing before a five audience. | arateur | professional | character, classical, comedyicomic. Shakespearean, straight | film, Holywood, screen, stage. television | child | sup- Ponting taeawar for best supporting actor e VERE + ACTOR, AUTRES audition, cast = ACTOR, ACTRESS + vERR act (sth), perform (sth, Play (eth) The same actor plays shree different parts inthe fim, | rehearse (sth) | audition He teas one of many actors whe auditioned for the partef Hamlet wNoteat 08 acumen nun ©Aos considerable. great | business. commercial, nitical.lnanctal, political 4¢VERD + ACUMEN demonstrate, show [fe had demon “strated considerable huséness acuirien, acupuncture noun | OUANT course My doctor recummended a course of ‘acupuncture. VERE + ACUPUNCTURE hava 'mhaving acupuncture fora bad back. | give sh, practise, use Acupuncture has deen practised in Cina for thousands of years. ‘ACUPUNCTURE + KOUN point Needles are inserted into specific acupuncture potatsin the bud), | needle ad noun © a4 classified, fullppage, small Youeun put your cmon smoltads in lorai papers. | magazine, newspaper. radio. talevision/T¥ | detergent. job, tobacco, ete. ‘VERA + AD place, put, take out She fouk out a ful page ad in a women’s magazine. | publish, run, show | answer,reply to, respond to AD + vEKS appear The ad appeared on ai! major channels, | say sth, shaw sth. state eth | feature shysth AD + NOUN campaign { agency = PREF. In anvthe~ A lof of elaims ure sacle in the ad. | “for 7Vads forears adapt ww» ‘1change your behaviour TADN. successfully, well The children have adapted well to she heat. | quickly | easily, readily The company ‘can easily adapt ta changing demand. | aocerdinaly We ‘heed ta assess thonew situation anct adap accordingly, ‘evens - anapt be ablefunable to, caneannot | have to, must | need to sPRER to 4 PHRASES the ablilly ta adapt Som aalials havea re markable abiftty adapt to changing environments. find itdifficulthard to adapt A fot of companies have found it hard toadapt tothe nev system. 2change a thing (© BRED fOr tp adapta book for television. from The radia play had been adapted from a novel. ‘@ DIRASES apacially adapted The classroom has Been Specially adapéed -take wheelchairs. adaptable adj "VERBS ba,prove | hecome | make sbisth apy. highly, very Many old market buildings have proved highly adapiabie. | tabty, quite | easily, rea e Phar. to Phe uchiclesare large end no easily adaptable lanerwuses, adaptation nou ‘1a changerthe process of changing w aba. successful | spectal SYERR + ADAPTATION make making arlaptations 0 jour home ADAPTATION « VERA gecur Adapéations in plants cur over thousands of years. | RNR AL eae NE .PRE, ~tor The Anarcitc species have fo special adap. tattons for polar life. ~ 0 adaptation to the workp ace /CHRASES a process of adaptation The process of adaptation to @ new schoo! is dificult for samechildren. 2aim, TV programme ADI, film, gerean, telavision/TY He speclattzes in sereen adaptations of classic novels. WYER. ADAPTATION film, make, araduce add verb #ADY quickly. softly {leaded saftly “Fmissed vou." «Vins = apn hastem to F hasten to add thar T knew nothing ofthe frausl ot ite time. addict noun = ADJ. cocaine, drug, heroin, ate. | computer, talovi sion, ete, Many young lays became computer addicts, addicted aci. © YERRS. be | became, get = An totally | hopelessly SURED to She had heonmecetducted to tranguillizers, addiction avn = ADJ. alcohol, cocaine, drug, ete. + VERB + ADDICTION become, turn Into A abit can easily Become an addiction. have | cause, lead ta | sbed He stole money from his parents to feed his addition. [treat | beat, cure, overcome striguding ta peat his her- oinaddietion = PREP. ~to Shwhad am addiction wheroin, addictive aj. evenns be | become = Ave extremely, highly. very Coctine is a highly ac dictivedrug. addition noun 41 sintnatis added +0) useful, valuable, welcome, worthy | important, ‘major, notable. significant | latest, new, recent SVBRR - ADDITION rake We Have made several add. ‘tions the caletion recently PREP —to the latest addition to te farmily (= a new baby) 2 procass of adding numbersamounts + ADI. simple He warkad itout through simpleaddition # VERE + ADDITION do Ske azn da additlon, but she asn’tlearnecl subtraction yt address noun 4 where you lve werk © ADs. home, private | business | contact Plense leave acontact address. | tacwarding, return Tiere Was nae. turn adairess on the beck of te envetope. | postal I full Please write your full mostat address. | false, wrong He ‘gave faisearidressto shepolice. | correct, right | useful 'secrot | fashionable Chepne Walk was ex very fastion ableaddress, = VERE + ADDRESE give.teave, write “ADDRESS ~ NOUN book a PREP at attha~ fm aftard there's nubody called Wit Hiamsatthisaddress. a PHRASES achaage of address Menseinform usofuny change of addres. name and address. no fixed addiross amanef nofixed address 2 speech ‘ADJ. short | inaugural. Keynote, opening 1 public. adjacent public address system | radio, talaviseditel lection [ presidential + VERB « ADDRESS deliver, give The prime minister de. cared the keynate address thecanference. ‘PEP. in atho~ He gave details ofthe poticy than ad- dress party members. | ~ by an address by the Chancel {ar of the Eniversiny~ to. rad address tothe nation ion ( address verb ‘write name and address «4% correctly, property | parsonally ‘the miniser did or reply tam lester though Faddressed eta him per- sonal ser to + PHRASRS a stamped addressed envelope Pirate send 4 stamped addressed envehmoe ard we will sea you aeons af ute bractoure 2say sthto sb ADK. by name, directly She did nat address him by name. o Henever addressed ner directly. # PREP. to He addressed hiscommentstthechairman. 3deal with prob em = ADY dlvoetly, —mxpliclly. specially | fully | ad equately These concerns ierenol adeyuntly adresse it therepont. | successfully 2 VEKE - ADDARSS saekto theproblems weareseeking roadéress | fallto @ enRASES address yoursoif to ath The authors ofthe ‘ook address saumselvestashe question of unemployment, adept aif 4+ VERES be,seem | become + AON, extremely, highiy, very 1 quite + PRER, alle was ightyadeptat avolding trouble adequate oa + VERBS be, prove, seem | remain | consider sth, think sth Phe trains were not considered adequate for tse taucke modern raitieays. = ADY. really, very | perfectly, quite, totally | more than The system és more tan adequate to deat with any problems. | barely, hardly. lese than, not entirely, not wholly The grants given in students are Jess than ed equate. | mere orlass Theamountaf morepwe ave been given ismorear tess adequate. | still | na tanger * PREM Far Theold computer is stl perfectly adequatefor ost tasks, adhere rr + AW. property Tite ies muy nog actnere propery if angi use the corrective PREP. to These toowid nant adleereto the mtd surface PHRASAL VERB adhere to © AD. closoly, firmly, rigidly, rigorously, scrupulous fy, siticly This principle must be strictly adhered £0. | fly, properly The euicelines were not elteays fly a ered adherence mu + AI. billed, close. talthtul, firm. rigte, PRED ~tostrictadhorence too diet lavish, strict adjacent ca # VERBS be, Be situated, Ife. stand The vineyards of Versy tieaudjacent ta thaseaf Verzenay, © ADL directly. immediately Theres row of houses im- mediately adjacent to che factors: spRED to Themilier's house stands actjacent to she mladjective adjective noun ‘= abd, attributive, predicative Ateritutivemdjectives pre cxde the noun. | possessive My isa possessiveadiective. © VERB + ADIECTIVE apply “Enterprising” isnot an ad: Jective you toouid apply ta kien? SADJECTIVE + VERB describe adjectives describing tecture | modity, qualify Adjectives quail nouns, | fol low Predicntiveddjeetioes jollow thence. { precede adjourn verb © ADY. indefinitely The sriat was adjourned indefinively: = PREP for At midday the meeting was adjourned for Juneh. panding The inguest was adjourned pening fur. ‘her énvestigations. to Shratl we adjourn to your office” adjust cert ‘change sih stightly w= ADY. sllghtly | finely itis émportane to herve equipment ‘hat ean Be finely adjusted. { automatically | carefully | ecordingly Children are sensitive fo disapprove Land ad. Just thelr behavtour according. | downwards, upwards ‘his estimate may have to headjusted downecards, ‘SPREE, for Selariesare adjusted for inflation 2.get used 10 new situation + AD, @uiehly, rapidly { gradually, stowly VER + AnFUST bedifficultihardto ‘+ VERB + ADJUST nooditake time to 1 may fake a Hite time toadjuséto the climate here. 4'VERR = ADsUST tryto FEHER, to She will praduullycajest her new role adjustable adi = VERAS be = ADY. fully Thestreps arestelty actlustable fo ft any stze, adjustment noun ‘small change made ‘ADJ delleate, fine, miner, slight, small | irsportant, rajer, signifeant I appropriate, necessary | automat: Te [ Finanetal e VERN + ADSUSTMENT make The mechanic made the ‘necessary adiustmentsto-theengine. | naad, require PREP. ~for acid of 1.5% in rel terms (after adjustment _for inflation) ~ in adjustments in the exchange rates ~toa ‘Few minor adjustmentsto the eimeteble 2 process of changing "+ ADJ. successful | emotional, personal, social PRED, —to The company’s adjustment to the mete mur. ‘ets has Been successfit 4 PHRASES a period of adjustment There was a fons ‘eriod of adjusimerittinsler the new boss. the procass of adjustment The process of adjustment io life in another “country can be wry aiffcut administer verp + Ape effactively, efficiently | centrally, locally The te Notear RANE admiration sus: ¢4D3. deep, genuine, great, sincere. tremendous | frank, open | sneaking Inwardly: I had a sneaking ad: uiration for trem. \ geadging, reluctant | mutual * VERB + ADMIRATION be filled with, be full of, fool, have I'm full af admiration for him, © Thave the greatest ‘admiration for the nurses. | express, show She wroze to him expressing her admiration, | compel, draw, fll ab with. gain, win a dignity thaz compels admiration > The way hedante woth the erbsts ded mewith adratration.o He gained the admiration of thousands of people. [be ‘worthy of As a writer she Is certainly worthy af admir. ‘ation. | lose He nener lost the admiration of his sturents. +2 PREP. in~ Ste stare! at him in open admiration. vath~ gazing oi her with admératian | —tor admiration for iis work + PHRASES a gasp of admiration The picture was greet -ed with gasps of admiration, have nothing tut adenlr- atlon for ab/ath Ihave netting but admiration for the swny she tackled those bu ites, admire rer ‘have high opinion of sbsth ADS. deeply. enormously. greatly, hugely, particuler- fy, really He admires you enormously. { rather 1 clearly, openly | secretly Shesceresly admired crud envied ht. @VERR + ADMIRE haveto You havefoadmire cher det ication and commiltenent, = PREP. about What do you most admire abaut ier? for F ‘rather admire Jim for his determination. PHRASES be generally/widely admired He i widely admired os a journatist. can'¥couldn’t help adie ingfout admire couldn't help hut admire his determin ation. you can only admire sblath You can only adrnire her courazeand determination, 2look at sth attractive "VERB 1 ADMIRE pauseto, stopto | stand’step back to Hestwad back io admire tis handivark, admirer aoun = ADU. ardent, devoted, fervent, great, keen | secrat Perhaps the flowers were sent iv asecret admirer? SAUANT, band, citcle, host She was always surrounded byactrcleofadmirers. VERB + ADMIRER have | gale, win She soon gained ‘admirers in England and Prayee. PHRASES friends and admirers The funeral was at ended by the singer's friends and adress.admission suun Aentrance ‘+ Auy. free, hallerice | emergency entergency admis. sions to hespita? cinoma, hospital, school, university «= YERD + ADMISSION apply for, Seek He's avplied for admission to the loca coliege, | gain to gain admission to unwwersity | grants | refuse sb ‘© ADMISSION + SOUN charge, fee. price | erteria,pot- fey | prdcedure | rite haspilatadmission rares = PRK on~ On adialssion to hasptied, you will be exam ined by adoctor. | -10 2statemant admitting sth 1 a03, ear. frank. fu This sa tear admission that you ere wrong. | tacit | grudging © VERB + AnMIssiON make © PRER. ~Of Ske has made nu admission of any ime. arent inthe plot eTERASES an admission of defeavfatture/gulttalabH. ity She saw his leaving te company as an adtssion of Failure. by sb’s own admission By hisown adintission Re ‘should never havedriven so fast, admit vert ‘san freely, readily He freely admitted ehar hte had taken brides. Veankly, honestly | openty | privately ‘Some nilaisters admit privately that lnemployrtent couid ‘continue fo rise, | grasighngiy, rekictantiy In the er he'd fone. £000 oh, Caratine admitted grudging # VERB» ADMIT be forced to, hava to, must J must admit that the results were disappointing, | refuse to | ‘ne honest enough to, bs prepared to, ba the first to, be wiling to, dare (to, have the courage to He was honest enough to admit his mistake. © She would be the first to admit that she is very dfficuit to werk with. ¢ She dared rotadmit ker fear. | ba ashamed to. be embarrased to, bo loatt (a, ba reluctant to, be unwilling to, hate to, nat care to? hate a admit it, but F think he ts righ, 0 fie had caused Ne more pain thareshe caret to admit PREP to Headmitted tv fecting a bit ttre, # PHRASES E don't mind admitting Jas senre and 7 don't id admitting it admittance oun # VERB > ADMITTANCE gale They were unable fo gen adnittance to te ha}l. | allow eb | deny 8b, refuse sh | PREY, ~t0 The ticket url! aRow you admnance to the theatre. adolescence noun aor, early,late SVERR ¢ ADOLESCENCE reach we PREr, during/In~ She devetoped the problem in early adofescence. adolescent noun = ADJ. young | spoty | awkward, disturbed adopt wrt vem ‘= ADV. lagally The child has now been tegally doped. PHRASES have 8h adopted She seus forced to hae ter baby adopted. 2lake and use sth © ADY. formally, officially The poly Ras not yet been formatly atapted. + VERE > ADOPT tondte | decide to | be forced to + Prep towards the poticiesemployersdoptrouards the lad force advance adoption run Aof child © VERT: + ADOPTION offer sb for, place eb for, put sis up for She has decided io put the child up for adoption | be avaliable for When ill the child he avaitable for ‘adoption? ADOPTION + VeRB go through They were so hoppy twhen she adoption wentthrough successfull. © ADOPTION + NOUN agency 2takingeusing sth © ADJ. general, widespread | formal The party an nounced the formal adoption of George Smith as thelr election candidate # VERS + ADOPTION secommend, urge The cojtmniiee recommended the adoption of new safP0 procadures. adore vert Any, abselutely, simply Sie absolutely adores ner erandchitdren, | clearly, obviously adrenalin noun Dd, pune | QUANT, burst flow, rush, surge He felt a suerge of pure ‘dtrenatin as hewon therace. VERB + ADRENALIN fea! ADRENALIN + VERR course, flow, pump, surge The adrenaltn wasonursing thraugh is systema. ADRENALIN + NOUN rush © PHRASES. get the adrenalin flowivgigoing Well sart with hitof dancing to get theacirena in going, adrift au, = VExes be | come J nearly suffocated when the pipe of my breathing apparatus came adrift | cast sbistt, cut sbisth, set ab/sth Their boat had been setadrif., PREP. from (guraeive) She had Been cut adrift from everything she had known. In figurative) cast adrift in a bulgar materialistic society adult noun = 805, young This book mitt definitely appeat 10: teen ‘ayers and young adultes. | singla The number of single ‘duit ouscholds has doubled tr the past 40 years, | con senting What consenting adults do tm private is heir own Bustaess, | responsible /simply can’t belfeveihas respon. sible adutts allowed aeAlid wo wonder the streets. | ADULT « NOUN life She Speat hor entire adult life car. ing for others. | education, Ieracy { population adultery noun 9 VERE « ADULTERY ba guilty of, commit | accuse sb oF | admit sPanp with Headreitied adisttery with several women adulthood 2a ean eady, young *VBeH + ABULTIOUD alain, each children who love thelr parents beftre reachliy adacthood | make itto.8ur— viveintoito. S592, duringiin ~ His problems begon in early adult ‘howd. into ~ Her chitathond problems persisted into adult: hood. tewands~a Hep towards adulitood ativance noun 1 forwarck mayemant © ADL rapid | Allied, British, German, ete. VERE + ADVANGE make The regiment made an ad- bance an the enemy lines, | order The general arderéd an advance one front tine, { Walt, resist, stop.advance es rwee On~ the advance on Leringrad to~, towards ~ the Russian adoance emeards Berlin 2development = Abi, big, considerable, dramatic. onormous, graal. spectacular, substantial, tremendous | important, major, notable, remarkable, significant | rapid, staady rapid advances in science and technology | racant | aco- nomic, ecucational, medical, political, scientific, social, technical, technological | theoratical VERB + ADVANCE make We need more money if we are Jo make any further advances in this area of science PREP. In~ i130 major advances tn orthopacdte madicine on~ an advance on the existing techniques towards ~ a advance towards a better understanding of God 3money ADM. large Fcash VERB + ADVANGES give, pay The pudiishers have paid meanadvance, | get.racelve eo PREP. “ofan advanced £10 609~on Hews paid s5 000 san advance on rayalties advances sexual © ADI, amorous, sexual SYRRR + ADVANCES make Fle made amrnus advances tone of his students, PRE ~to advance werd 4 move forward ©ADY, quickly, rapidly | cautiously, slowly sbuge from adeancing from the south Into The troops advanced inio cenérai Europe, awupon The army ad- bancedon the copital. towards Headvanced towardsineint aggressive style 2develop ‘= ADV, considerably. greatly, significantly | rapidly seen beyond Suriety needs 10 advance beyond pref ice and superstition advanced av. {modern and highly developed a VERRS be «anv. extremely, highly. very a highly advanced econ omy { alrty, quite. retatively | industrially, technically, technologically 2atalate stage of development tous be «tw. far, greatly. well The disease teas an far advance! Jor doctors tooperade. | tainty quite | further advancement noun +... individual, personal | collective | career | 20- lal | matorial sociely’s need for material advancement | sclontifi, tachnical, technological «PREP. ~in advancements in science © advancement in he profession: ~ta her advancement 0 she position of ‘Supervisor rimasns an opportunity for advancement Thre a7e {vod opportunities jor advancement within shecumpany. advantage nou: ‘thing that helps ‘© AD). big, considerable, enormous. great. husge, over- whetming | clear. decidedidecisive, definite, atarial, obvlous. positive. resi Breasieeding offers a clear adteteaze to your baby. | key.main, major, import ant, significant | dubious | unfair ‘he company has an unfit advantage aver tus compettiors. | added, acaltion- al Phese computers have the added adoaniage af heing cheap. | special | potential { comparative, relative | mutual The plan would be io our mutuat advantage. | natural the natured advantages af contries with tone ta dour costs | commercial, competitive, economic, edu- cational, alectoral, financial, military, personal, polit: leal, practical. psychological, sacial, strategic, tactical, technical, technological | cost, price, speed, tax yeni = avanTace have | galn, got He would gain considerable advantage from staying in that job. | bring (sb), give sb, offer (sb) Another qualification would give ‘meq big advantage at job interuews. | press home The ‘omnclers were Keen to press home thelr advantage with © further offensive in the north, | outweigh They areue (dat the possible risks attached to such uacrénes vastly out- weigh any adeantages. ‘SPREE. to ab’s ~ Jt ts to your advantage wo delay things for ass lang as possible, |~in1 There may be some advan ‘faye in igying down a clearer procedure. over East coast resorts heave ihe adoantage over west oust ones. ~ to the advantage to both countries of closer ecanamic ties # PHRASES to good advantage, to sb/sth's best advan- tage The bright lighting showed ihe jewels to their best adentoyge 2take advantage of make use of © Ado. full maximum Ye took fuibadtaneage ofthe Motel Sacitities, advantageous od VERDS_be, prove Membership af the union could prove advaniagecus. | hecome | maka sth Lower fares mutke it advantageous to travel in winter | find sth You may find Maduancaeous te wat «few weeks before reptying. = ABV. extremely, highly, very | falry, quite | mutually ‘This trade arrangement could be mutually advantageous | economically. financially | politically PRED, for This scheme coud be adva mageaus for people 0 low incomes. to The new tax system Is advantageous ta higher ratemaxpnyers. adventure roan ADL. big, sxciting, great, wonderful | Ittla INe Aad a ftetle adventure yesterday. | dangerous, perilous | hai raleing Hairruisiny adventure films | romantte { fan- tasy, foreign, historical, military, sexual VERB » ADVENTURE. embark on, hava [be looking for, want Phos af you looking for adventure cun shins the rapids, | offer Perhaps the war affered adventure travel, ause for hisatits, “ADVENTURE + NOUN film, novel. story | holiday | Playground PHRASES quite an adventure (= very exciting) Our trip to London was quite an adventure for the children, a sanselspirit of advantura The journey began cheerfully ‘ith a sensenfadrenture. adverb noun ‘ADJ. interrogative, sentence ADVERB + VEER modify sth, qualify ath Adverbs ‘quatify verbs, * PHRASES an adverb of degree/manneriplacestime adversary nour = Api. fearsome, formidable { worthy The British con sidered im a worthy adversary. | old The tivo of then were ld adversaries, adversity noun eVERA | ADVERSITY be faced with, moet with When faced with adversisy she was never tempted to give up. | ‘overcome, trlumph ovar ‘PREP. in~ patiencein adversity = PHRASES Inthe face of adversity couragein theyace a! adduevsttysadvert nun = AD), Glassified, front-page, full-page | magazine, newspaper. telewision/TY | chocolate. job, etc. 8 VERE « ADVERT placa, put, take out { pu an advert in the local newspaper o Shee took outa futtpage advert in ‘a magazine. | carry, publiah, run, shaw The paper ran our advert last week. | find, seq, spot saw tee advert in “Phe Times’, | answer,reply to. respond to « anveRt + VERE appear Tle advert appeared in “The Guardian’. | say stk, show sth, state sth | feature ‘sbvsth The advert featured a dolphin swimming araund a goldfish bowl. PRED, in althe~ A lot of claims are made inthe advert. | fora advert for jeans advertise vert + ADY, heavily These products have been adlvertised very heavily. | whdaly Thereare plans to advertise the job mare totdels, | locally, nationally @ PREP. for Weareadvertixing fora Babysitter advertisement zou + Aus, good | discreet | misleading | classified, front-page, tullipage Theciassied adversisementsareon age 25. | magazine, newapaper, press, talevision/TV | cigarette. job, etc. ‘J VERB + ADVERTISEMENT piace, pul, take out We placed advertisements in a number of national news: ‘papers. |earry, aiaplay, publish, run, shew Televisions aied recto refused to carry advertisements for the record. | find, 06, spot | anewer, eply to, respondio SATVRRTISEMENT « Vik appear | say sth, show sth, state sth | foature sbrath PREP. in althe~ A Jo! of cluiresare made im the adver sement. | =for advice noun + Abi, constructive, excellent, good helpful, practical. sensible, sound. useful, valuable at's very sound ac tice, | oad, wrona / dink my solicitor pave mie te tarunge advice, | lear | general | detailed | conflicting | con- fidental | impartial, independent { (ree | expert, pro- fessional, spesialist [ financial, legal, medical stant. bit, piace, word Can xiveyou a friendly word ofadvice? @ vera ~ Anvi¢R_givo (8b), offer (sb). pass on, pro- Vid (sb with) FAope f can pass oH Some useful advice. | ‘at, obtaln, ceceive, take {think you nead to take legate vice. | wok (for), go to ab for, seek, tum to sb for Goro your doctor end ek for advice, 0 Sie asked her mather’s ‘advice. | accept, act on, follow. heed, listen to, take F urished that Thad followed her advice. | ignore. reject 4 ADVICE + NOUN cantra The Local Aushority runs an ‘advice centre inthe tower, 4 AEE. against sb's~ Permission was gluen against the Aifvie ofthe plarsning affcers. on sb's~ On the advice of his experts he bought ariottier company. | ~ about advice ‘about bringing: up children =For Here is some advice far pregnant worien. ~ on Can you give me some advice on ‘where to buy good maps?=te My advice to you would be eo wali afew reonths. advisable aq. # VERBS be, soem | consider sth, deem sth, think sth Wethought Fradvisable to serk police assistance. ADS, always J Fsalwass adtisnble w makea wil advise vp ‘tell sb what you think they should do +ADY, atrenuously. strongly Z singly advise you not to affair do this. | badly, wrongly We were bacllyadvised by aur scm ficttor. | property | lagaliy spare about We oan advise parents about education. against They advised meagainst sending cash by past.on We will behappy to adeiseon any fnenciad matters. ‘© PHRASES be illiwell advised fo de sth John would he Hil advised to rely on their support. © Your weutd be better advised toconsuit an accountant, inform sb of sth ‘VERB + AOVISE be pleased to {am pleased tu advise Jou that your application has heen accepted. | ragratto = orer. of sPumases keep sb advieed Please keep me adtised of esodevelopments in ehts case adviser noun sans, chief, load, principal, sentor, special she government's chief medical adviser | close, trusted The duke was he king'smasttrusted adviser | personal | ex- pert, professional | independent | government. prest dential | business, careers, economic, environmental financtat,tegal, medical, military, poliey/political. public relation, stentifc, escurity, techntcal ‘+ VERE ~ ADVISER act as | appolnt, appoint 3b (a3) | have Do you have a nancial adviser? | consult (with, 90 to, See, $peaN to, talk to You ougio.consnttan inde. enudént lee adviser ADVISER + VERN advise sbisth PREP. ~on an adviser on environmental isis~to She acesas on advisor tathepresient advocate noun 41sb who supports sth ADJ. ardant, enthusiastic, ‘fim, great, outspoken, powerful, staunch. strong She's staunch advocate of Jrecirade | eblef, leacting, main, principal «ban, ~for He isone afthe leading aduacates far a more muxierre se of worship. ~ ofan advocate of pacifism lawyer + ADd defence 79 Note at PROFESSIONAL Cfor verbs} advocate vers ‘+ Dv. eeriously, strongly Heart specialists strongly ad pucate laucholesterol diets. {PHRASES be widely advocated These policies have deen widely adonceted. aerial noun © A04, radlo,tolevision TV AERIAL - VERA transmit sth | plek sth up, receive ‘sth The aeriad receives signals from the ground, aeroplane noun «aps. private | vintage | model, paper = VeRH + AEROPLANE fly in. go in. travel in Pie never own inancerepiene. | fy. piiot ® AEROPLANE + VERen My coroplanes flying overhead ( taka off | come down. land { crash | carry sbysth The aeroplane was carrying 350 pevpte = PREP In a/the ~ fiping int an aeroplane on athe ~ The president wees neter on theaeroplancatl®, => Bee PLANE affair jou: evantsituation ‘Ant. whole Stee sat the whole affair as a great Joke, | aiittering, grand 7 kvew thar she widéne maul be 2 rand affair \ sordid, sorry. squalid vin + AFFATR deal with, handle Many people daveaffect ertticized the way the government handled the affair | be Involvedin | investigate ‘= PHRASES sb’sinvolvementin the affair Hehas ried to play down his involvement in the affair a state of affairs Howdld this stateof affatrscomeabout? wash your hands ‘of the affair (= to refuse to be responsible for sth or in: volved in sth) 2sexual relationship ‘= ADJ. brief, casual | clandestine, secret | adulterous, ‘extramarital | passionate. torrid | unhappy | love torrid love afjair * VERB + APPAIR carry on, conduct, have He's having am affair with acolleague, AFFAIR + VERB go on How long has the affair been going on? @ PREP ~between I's the story ofa secret affair between eamarried teacher anu her teenage student ~withan affair witha married man 3sth thal concerns one person/smiall group ‘© Avg. family, personal, sb's own Ir'se1famaily affair ‘e PHRASES sb's affair What [dot the weekend is my af fair no affair of sb's That's no affair of yours. 4affairs important matters '* ADJ. currenta current affairs programmeon television | private, public | domestic. home, Internal, national | ‘community, local | European, foreign, external, inte national, world the minister for foreign affairs | bust- ness, financial, legal | commercial, consumer, cultural, ‘economic, environmental. military, political, religious, social *V AWFaiRS administer, arrange, attend to, ‘conduct, manage, run Jam teyiny fo arrange my father's Anancial affairs, | settie, wind up | interfere in. meddle '* PHRASES affairs of state The Cabinet will be discuss Jing certain affairs of state. putiset your affairs in order I want to put my affairs in order beyore I die. a state of af fairs the current staxe of affairs in schoools affect vers Jinfluence = ADN: greatly, materially, radically, significantly. very much | barely, hardly. not unduly Sales did not seem un duly affected. | slightly I clearly | directly | indirectly | adversely, badly. seriously. severely # VERB + AFFECT be Ikely to devetopments that are likely to gffect cheenvironraent ‘2make sb sad/angry ‘+ AD deeply, profoundly Her death affected him deeply affection noun ‘* ADJ, deep, genuine, great, real, special, strong, warm {mutual © VER } AFFECTION feel, have, hold sb in, retain Ze teas held in great affection by huncireds of studenes, | dis- play, express, give sb, show (sb) | get. receive | crave, need, want He just wantsa bitof affection. | gain, win She ‘had tried hard to wis his affection. | alienate © PREP. with~ He'll be remembered with genuine affec tion. | ~for I have a deep affection for his mother: ~toito- wards The teacher showed affection towards all her Pupils | FHRASES a display of affection [don't 20 in for public displays of affection. afeeling of affection a strong feeling of affection, love and affection Iyearn for te iove and af- {fection |oncehad. the object of sb’s affections Theobject ‘of his affections was @ young opera singer a sign of atfec- tion, a show of affection u affinity noun 1 strong feeling that you like/understand sb sth ‘© AD.L close, great natural. real, special, strong Ijelta reat affinity withthe people of dee Hisshlands, | natural ‘Hetiasaratural affinity with numbers. ‘© VERB + AFFINITY feel, have, share [e's important that sou share an affinity with your husband. | display, ‘show © PRER. ~ between an aifinity becween the two women for Many girls do show an affinity for raft skills ~to- wards Jo fels a reat affinity towards Pamela, ~with an affinity with animats 2similar quality in two or more people/things ‘AD. close, great = QUANT dogres, level ‘VERN - AFFINITY have A house design should have some afinity wich che surrounding architecture. | show “Inhispoerns he showed some affinity with Coleridge ‘= PREP. ~betwoon Thore isa close affinity detwvoen these 4hv0 species. with an affinity with earlier posts afflict vera ‘* ADY. badly, severely s PHAtAsES be afflicted with He's hadly afflicted with a skindlisorden afford verb well Ske can well affard to pay for herself | barely. hardly. il, (only) just, not really an amount which we could ilafford to pay = VERE + AFFORD be able/unable to, canican't, could {not) Jean't afford roeat in restaurants, affront noun '* ADJ, personal VERE + AFFRONT cause | regardiseeitake sth as He ‘ook his son's desertion asa personalaffront. '* PREP. ~to Thisremark caused affront to many poopie. afloat adi 1 floating on water '* VERBS be | remain, stay | set sth The children set ‘heir new boat afloat on the lake. | keep sth siruszling to ‘Aeep the vessel afloat Zable to survive financially ‘+ Venns keep, stay He is struggling 0 keep afloat after a ‘series of emotional and health problems. | keep sth They ‘had to self their assets to Keep the business affoat. afraid «aj. ‘= VERNS be, feel, look, seem | become, grow | make sb What irasmade you so deeply afraid of your boss? ‘= abv. deeply, desperately. extremely, horribly, mor- tally, really, terribly, very | almost She was tense, almost ‘afraid to open the letter. | abit. half alittle, rather, slight- ly He was half ajratd to took at her. | just, simply You do nou; don'tyou? Youarejustafraidtotelime. | genuinely | suddenty He stopped abruptly, stdderely afraid to say the words out loud. | physically = PREE. for Roger was very afraid for her of Charl is ‘afraid of marriage. = PHRASES nothing to be afraid of Don't worn nothing 0 beatraid of There's aftermath noun ADJ. immediate The presicent visited the region in the Inimediate aftermath of the disaster 4 VERS ~ AFTERMATH cope with, deal: -counery cope with the aftermath of war? Howdoesa«PREP in the~ ef He frst écok office in the aftermath of theeivil war afternoon aun 4 Ap1 thls, tomorrow, yastarday | Friday, Saturday, etc. | early. late | Aprif, May. etc. [ spring, sumamer, ete. [long ie tong sunny afternoons | golefen. hot sunny, warm | grey.ralny, wet "VERD ~ AFTERNOON spand We spent the afternoon siting by the pool, ‘* AFTERNOON + VERA prograss, wear on As the after: ‘obvi were on he began to look unRappy. = APTERNOON + NOUN toa Afternoon tea is served on the terrace. | light, sun The afternoon sun shone fill on her «HED by, during the~,inthe~,on Monday, ete. — » PHRASES anithe afternoan aff You deserve an after oan age nour 1 how ald sbrsth is + Abu early. young He was sent ausay t0 schwot at an earty age. { advanced, great, old He mas stil active even af the aduanced age of 97. ¢ White hair is a sign of great axe, 0 Shedrendad oldage. | middle plex soft woman in arty nriddte oge | childbearing, pensionat ment, school, schooMeaving. voting. warking chfédren of school age * veRn ~ AGF attain, get to. live to, reach Witen yau.zet tomy ageyou geta-different perspective on life, & She lived Inthe age of 75. | fee, look She was beginning to feet her cge (= fee! that she was getting old), | lower, raise The ottng age was owered from 310 Téyears. “AGE + NOUN group, range | limit # PREP. atalthe~ Atyour age. Thad atready started toork, betwaen tha ~s children between the ages of five and fever by the ~ He could read! by the age of four for sh's~ Hes quite a big bny for his age. over the Tietue million >euple fre Oreat Britain are aver retirement age. under~ it is Hlegat to sel aleohoF to children who are under age wat Tegally old enoweh).undartthe ft illegat sell ateo- hho to children under the age of 18. with~ A Jot of winesim: provewithage. | ~of He let schoolattheageof tt. “PHRASES the age of consent Phe general ape of on sent for sexual activity Is 16, sb's own age She needs @ Friend of her oun age to play with, years of age He's 20 ‘yearsofage. mSecoLD AGE 2 period of history ‘api anether, diferent ‘This exquisite litle hotel seomted ta belong toa different age. | Elizabethan, Victor- Jan, otc. | Branza, lea, Stone | computer. modern, nu- clear, ete. | golden she golden ageof cinerea evuee during tha~ He Hoed during the Bizabeinen age. in athe ~ in-an age when few women became polit icians, her career tas unusviol. through tha~8 an exhib: itton ofspinnine through theoges | ~Of the age cf wireless cominunication sw FHiASKS In thls day and age (= In the period we now live in) Why dress so ormaliy mshisdayandage? 3ages/an age avery long time *VERB + AGE spend, fakoJt took an age for usallzocer onthe boat. ‘s1TRASE absolutely ages Fue been sitting here for a> soturely axes. ages age Caries left axes age. for ages We tet ce wct for anes! age verb = ALY, considerably, greatly. let, really Tihe shack has aged her considerably o My mother has reaily aged since she becazne it. | a Ite Fe Add pur on weight and axed a agent itt, | rapidly, suddenly c rapidly ageing copulation | Prematurely | well Thés wine hus not aged wel agency noun +and official | Toderal. government, public. state | UN | external. independent, outside | commarcil, ari vate | voluntary [interoational, focal mulllateral | adaption, advartising, aid, dating, employment, estate intelligence, marketing, news, press, recraltment, aie research, travel. etc. | appropriate Details af the prob Jem uttl be logged hy the HelpDesk staff who wild the con tact cheappropriaseagency + PRE through anfihe~ He managed ra fitd ot jut shrough an agency. = Note at ORGANCZATLON for verbs) agenda nn ad, agreed | clear A clear agenda will wie votes ix the nextelection, | five-point ote. An zepoint agenda was drawn up for the meoting. | hidden, secret Nececused the government of having a hidden agenda, | real | full | arrow The namty has rather narrow political agenda. | radical | public | domestic, international | economic, legistative, pelicy/political, research ® VERE + AGENDA have | agrae on, draw up, ostab- list, set The ooifeee needs to draw up an agenda for change. | follow We were following an agenda set by she students themselves. | add ath to, aut ath on will pur this on the agenda for the next meeting | leave sth off, o- move sth from, take sth off The question of pay had been Left off the agenda. | elrculata A copy of the agenda [scl culated to delepatesa month before the conference. e AGENDA + NOUN Item *PREX onafthe~ Sojeryot work ison che agenttafor next nunth's meeting, off the (figuratine) An expensive hol day is desintiely off the cgeneia this year(= nat sth we can consider) | ~for We hmvean agreed agenda for action. “PHRASES Firmlyihigh on the agenda Ir ou? company, guality is high on the qyenda an ‘tem/a point on the ‘agenda, next on the apunta New on the agente is decid- tng where we're going f2 live. top of the agenda Improv Ing trade between the 110 countries wilt be top of the agenda atthe talks, ©>Speclal page at MEETING agent noun 1 works in an agency "Ali, advertising, etection, estate, Insurance, land letting, Ilerary. managing. parilamontary. patent, press, publicity, travel |lncal The company has de veloped sates shrovgh incat agents in key meirkets. 4 VERB + AGENT employ, have, use I have an agent who deals with al! my contracts. | appoint, engage. get (eb), hire Jf you weaat to get published, get yourself an agent! | actas | sack PREP. through an~ She got the work through an agent I foranagentor a shépping company => Nowat ion 2spy © ADJ. Intelligence | cnomy, foreige | federal. govern- ment | secret, undercover | double Ay a double agent he worked for she Amerteans and she Russians. © VERN + AGENT workas 3 person/thing that has an effect, ‘© ADJ. Ghlef, main, primary, prime, princizal | effective [human | moral rational | frea Told hime Zecutdn’t stop him, hewasa free agent. a veep. ~tor Thechartiy isan ageat for social change. ePERASES anagentforiof changeaggravate aggravate vrs * AX, greatly, seriously, severely Their negative reac: tions have greatly aggravated the situation. | further aggression noun ‘© ADJ, extreme, intense | controlled, mild | naked, opena display of naked ageression | pent-up ways of re- leasing pent-up aggression | unprovoked | physical, verbal | human | external, foreign The president an- rounced that the country would not tolerate foreign ag: gression. | American, British, ete. | military. police S QUANT. act Acts oF aggression against local shop owners shoule be reported ta the police, ¢.VERB + AGGRESSION display. expross, show the brutality and aggression displayed by the soldiers | chane nel, diract He managed to charinel his aggression into sport. | control | release | encourage Do toy guns en- courageaggression? | PREP. ~ against, ~ by Aggression by one nationality ‘against another often fends f0 war: towards It showed no ‘aggression tozeards other dogs. aggressive ad). 1 likely to fight/argue with other people "VERBS be, fool, look, saem, sound | become, got | make sb Watching violence on TV makes some children morvagaressive. ABN. extremely, particulary, really, very | increas ingly | quite, rather | openly Her mood became openly ‘aggressive when his name was mentioned. ‘PREP. towards He warned that his dog woas aggressive towards strangers. 2 behaving in a determined way ‘* VERUS be © ADV. extromoly, highly, very te company’s highly ag. gressive marketing techniques | fairly. somewhat aggrieved adi ‘* VERBS _be, feel, look, sound ‘© ADV. deeply, much, vary | rather, slightly, somewhat ‘PREP, at James was rather aggrieved at Cameron. by ‘The villagers felt deepiy aggrieved by the closing of the railway station. agility noun © ADJ. considerable, great, surprising | mental, phys- ical Tadraired his considerable mental agility. # VERB + AGILITY have | show Sheshows erentagility ontheterinis court. fe PREL with = He jumped over the wall with surprising agitiry, agitated aaj “« VERES be, fea, look, seam, sound He sounded very ‘agitated on the phone. | become. got, grow | make sb ‘AD. deoply, extremely, highly, very | increasingly | alittl, quite, rather, slightly | visibly PREP. about She's agitated about getting thereon time. at Shestarted to grow agitated atthe sight ofthe spider. ‘Primases inan agitated state By now he was ina very agitated state. agitation noun ‘11worry/exciternant ‘© ADI. acute, considerable, extreme, great VERB + AGITATION show fying rol fo shote her aui- tation | conceal, hide He could not hide his agitation. ‘s PREY, in sb's~ He knocked his glass over in his aati: tion. with~ She was wréguliny on the seat with agitation. # PHRASES a feclingistate of agitation 6 2 public protest ‘+ ADJ. growing | mass, popular, public | political 4 VERB ~ AGITATION engage In, turn to The organiza tion is turning to political agitation in order toachiewe its + PREN, ~against There has been mass agitation against the president, ~for There is growing agitation for reform of focal goverment. agony noun ‘ADJ. extreme, intense | absolute. pure, sheer | @ quisite | mental, physical | death The tittle creature squirmed in its death azonies, * VERB + AGONY endure, go through, suffer He en- dured agonies of loneliness and misery. © They went through agony in the search for their missing relatives.. | cause, inflict She was causing David a great deal of agony. | prolong Don't prolong the agony-just tedl me the resuit! | groan in, scream in| be contorted in, writhe in His face was contorted in agony as he tried t0 lift himself out of the chair * PREP. in~ Thesoldier died inagony. in an~of She mum- bled an apology in an agony of embarrassment. ‘PHRASES agroan/scream of agony agree verb 4 share opinion ‘= ADY. heartily. strongly, very much I very much agree twit the prime minister | absolutely, completely, entire- ly, fully, wholeheartedly J agree entirely aith what you ‘have said. | broadly, generally itis generalty agreed that ‘more funding is needed for education. | unanimously | gravely, amaly, meekly, soberly. tartly ‘Thats true,’ she ‘agreed gravely. + VERN + AGREE cannot | be inclined to 1 inclined toagreethere'snathing we ean do | PREP about We don't always agree about eversthing ‘on/upon Are weallagreed on this?with Do sou agree with methat the scheme won't work? SPHHASES | couldn't agree more I couldn’ agree more with what has Just been said. | quite agree, I'm sure you will agree Pa sure you' Hage that this iste i vitals f- portant tothe success ofthe compans. 2say yes # ADY. voluntarily | readily She sugwestect a oath in the ‘open air and he readily agreed. | gruciginaly, reluctantly kindly Eiith Harlow has kindly axreed 19 hele. | tacitly | provistonally ‘PREP. to Heagreed to our proposals. 3 decide ‘© ADV, expressly | tacitly | verbally | provisionally It eas provisionally agreed that 12 Ausisttasto bethe date # VERE + AGREE be unable to, fallto The countries twereunable to agreeon acommon strate: # PTIRASES agree to differidisagree We must just agree todisagreeon this point. (oe} mutually agreed working 0- wards mutually agreed goals internationallyinationally agreed nationally agreed guidelines agreeable ad). ‘pleasant ‘VERBS be, look, sound It all sounets very asrreeadle. | find sbisth Hesincis her very agreeable. | make yourself She did her best to make herself agreeable. highly. most Particularly, very Jrteasa mostagreeableevenig. | quite = ADV. mutually We tried to negotiate a rautually agree abe solution. 2willing to accept/do sth a vERRS. be * abv. perfectly, quite # PREG, to He was perfectly agreeable to the idea.agreement noun 4 contract/decision + ADI. draft The draft agreement will be available too weeks before the meeting. | formal, written { legal. legal Iybbinding Theagreerent wil? be lega ty binding. | infor. mat, tacit, verbal | voluntary | definitive { bilateral International, multilateral, national | eeasetire. credit, hire-purehase, peace, trade VERB + AGREEMENT negotlata, work tawarts We are working towards« formal ceasefire aereement. | con clude, enter into. reach, slan Ajter hours af talks the goo- ernment and the unton Rave reached an agreement. | hava We have an agreement to always tell ench other the truth about everything. | be bound by We styned the ‘agrezment so we are now bound By it. | adhere to, hone cour, keep to, stick to You have not kept io our agreement | break, go back on, renege on, violate Some employers reneged of agreements once the recession set in. PREP. in anithe~ @ clause in the ogreemene under anithe= Under the agreement, the farmer is not eltowed to use this field. | ~ between an agreement between the corr pany and the unions ~on They signed too agreements 08 improving eoonomic cooperation. ~ with a tree agree meat with China # PHRASES. breach of agreamant He sued the company r breach of agreement. he terms of the agreomant THe rns of sheazroemient donot allaté rch exports 2 state of agreeing + Ap. absolut, complete, ful, total | broad, gone widespread [ mutual * VERB + AGREEMENT arrive at, come lo, reach fan ‘tupeftd that we can come fo an axrreement.o Tite tun sides filed to reach agrooment. | ned Henodded his agreement. | get We mit mand to get the agrewenons ofthe tacmt council ‘senee. by~ The separation is by mutual agreemerd. in~ { dkink ws are all in agreement fiat prices should be kept ‘rae: In~wlth Fart in agreement with you that she should be given more responsibilities. with With the agreement of all members of the club, we decided to organizes trip. | among There is agreement among teachers that changes need to be made ~betwean As yet there is noagreement be- soe the tava shdes, ~on AS yet there is no agreement on oticies. © Specinl pageat MEETING agriculture noun ‘= AI. modern | efficient | intensive J organi | sus- talnable | vadilanal | peasant | subsistence «VERB = AGRICULTURE be employed in. be engaged In. work in | dapand on 30 % of the country's population dependon agriculture, aid noun 4 manny, food, etc © abJ. cmengency { humanitarian | cash, ment, econamle, financial, food, legal, medi Joliaf Legal aid (= government money for legal ultet) is a funcamenca part os our system of Justice. | federal, government, state | bilateral, external, foreign, inter Rational. overseas Zhe courury relies on foreign aid = VERA | AID appeal for, call for The country’s presi- dent has appealed for international aid in the wake of the disaster | extend. give (sb). grant (sb). provide (ett with), send (sb) | get, receive [ depend on, raly on F promise | cut (off), suspend, withdraw, withhold The -ridish government has now suspended humanitarian ait wthearea AID - NOUN agency, worker | budget. programme. $14millionaid packoge 2help + VKH « am ask for, caps package, nllet We enfsted she aid of John W am and his family: | eamelge to eb's (= to help someones ‘She screamed loudly and te people comme to her aid, SPRER. in ~ of Special pageat Z.NESS ailment noun ADJ. commen, minor. trivial | chronic, childhood | physical | chst. ar, stomach SVERD + ALLY be afficted with, get, have, sutter from Igot aif he usual childhood ailments. | cure, treat 1 cause own 1 purpose/goal Dz. Broad, general, overall | basle, central, essen tial, fundamental | chief. frst, Xey, malo, major. r= mazy, prime, principal, overriding | sola His sole aim in 1ife {5 10 enioy himself | clear, explicit ft is important ta havea ctear atm review. | ambitious { high, worthy Sim- le truth must be the highest ain of any reat enquiry. V limited, modest | legitimate [ common J want 10 see strong and united courary in which people work together with common aims. | underlying Although the report covers Many ites, its underiving aim isto ensure that an- other accident never happens. | Immediate, initial | ori- ginal | eventual, uttimate Fis alttmede aim wus to force {he prime minister 10 resign. | long-term, shart-term | avowed, declared, express/expressed, stated The ex- ‘press ati of the trentyésie Keep the whole region free fromt nuclear taapons, 1 war | pelieyépolitical, strategie » VERE + aru have [ gat yourself | achteve, Tlf Your 1oild have towork hard foachieve youratm., | further, pur- sue They were intent or furthering their airs ¢ The 2nut- 1 18 Stl parsuinar its ai Of jofring the UL @PRRE with the ~ af She started the organization «oith the aim of hetping local people « PERASES aims and objectives What are the alms and objectives this visit? Zpointing weapon, etc. ‘© ADJ. caraful £2! sake more careful alen next time, | poor His aim was poor and he missed the target e VERE + AIM take | PRER ~at Hetookaimat she tarxet ana fired.aim aim verb 1 try/plan to achieve sth apy. directly S PREP at She's aiming a€ a scholarship this year. ¢ The initiative is aimed at helpiny young peopte for He is aim ing fora win in tats race # PHRASES. aim high (= to attempt to achieve a lot) a ‘young man eeho is prepared toatm high intend sth for sb = anv. clearly, directly, squarely | largely, mainly, mostly, primarily, principally | particularly. specifically ‘PHRASES be aimed at educational courses aimed par: ticidlarty at older people 3point/direct sth at sb «= ADV. directly, straight | deliberately fe PREP at Sheaimed the gum séraight at the intruder for Aim for his fess, not his bods, air noun 41gas/space ‘© ADJ. hot. warm | chill, cold, cool. crisp | clean, clear. fresh, pure We reed some fresh air in this stuffy room! | sweet The air waS steeet with incense. | foulfo smelling, polluted, stale the pollute air af our cities othe ‘musty smelf of staleair | damp, humid | dry | still Noth ing moved in the still gir: | thin les difficule carrying such hheacy toads in the thin air of te mountains. | thick The air was thick with cigarette smoke, | country. mountain, sea | evening. morning, night Music jtled ihe night air QUANT. blast, gust We felt a blast of cold air as she ‘opened the door | current wart currents of oar | breath Hedrew in another breath oy air VERB + AIR broatie (im), pulp in, suck in Lant crabs breathe air and cannot swim, © She guped in the fresh ‘mounteinair. | ight for. gasp for She was gasping for air fas sheran out of the burning hovse, | smell, sniff Phe doe streiched and sniffed the air. | il, hang in The tang af some wild herb hung in the air # AIK = veRA blow, rise, waft The coo! night air wafted in the open windows. AIR ~ NOUN pollution { quality egucpmettt a mont orairquality | pressure | current © PREP. inlinto the~ I kicked she ball high into the air: through the Spicy smells wafted through the aft © PHRASES inthe open air (= outside) The market is held in theopen air 2for planes AIR + NOUN travel | fare | traffic We are cleared by Ale Trafic Oontral to taxiand cakeogs, | erash, disaster | attack. strike Three buildangs weere bombed last nigh in aniair sirike on thecity. ‘© PREP, by~(- by plane) ¢ ony takes three hours by air: from the~ Phe hadenut isctearly vistblesrom thea © PHRASES Inmid-air The two planes collided in midair 3impression © VER + AIR have, retain Yor have an air of authority, \ add, bring, give (sth) 4 sfone Safoony gives the building an ir of elegance, = PREF. with anithe ~ Mle leaned towards Melissa with an airof great confidentiality. | ~ot ait verb ‘+ ADY. In public, openly, publicly The issues were openty aired and discussed hy the group, aireraft noun = ADJ fixed-wing, jet. light, low-flying, microlight, supersonic attacks hy helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft | argo, elvilfciviian, commercial, passenger. private | combat, fighter, military, reconnaissance, survelllance, transport | enemy | burning, crashed, damaged, stricken | model His passion is making model aircraft. a VERR | AlRCRAPY fly, pilot The airerast wasflown by ayoung Americar pilot, | and | crash The pilot overshot the runteay and crashed his aircraft. | shoot down To be ‘an ace you had to shoot down five enemy aircraft AIRCRAFT + VERE fly | take off Theaircraft is duet take off at midnight, [land | taxi The aircraft taxied flung the runway: | erash | carry sth | aftack sth, ‘bomb sth AIRCRAFT © NOUN Industry | production | manu- facturer | engine, parts | engineer | hangar | noise /fe claimed that aircraft noise was the worst form of air poll tion in London. | wreckage airline noun ‘+ ADS. big, large, major | domestic, international, na- tlonal | commercial, private, state/state-owned He oper- cates @ private airline. | charter, scheduled Prices on charter airlinesare usually lower | VERR + AIRLINE operate, run SAIRTINE - VERS fly, operate The airline operates mainly between Florida and Puerto Rico, © AIRLINE ~ WOUN business, company, industry I flight, service Ail scheduled airline services will be aff ed by thestrike. | employee, operator, pilot | passeng| | reservation. ticket airport noun + ADJ. big, large, major | small | busy | domestic. ernational,loeal, regional | civilian, military VER + AIRPORT. depart rom, fy from, takeoff from We will fy from Chicago's O'Hare airport. | artive at, land at, touch down at The plaze touched down at Glas: ove airport just before midds: | pass through, use S AIRPORT = NOUN bullding, terminal | lounge | se- curity | hotel PREP. atanithe-waising at theairport airspace noun + D1. controlled, restricted | British, Franch ete. # VERB + AISPACE cross (Into), drift into, enter, fly Into, stray into, violate Jthe jet ad crossed ingo Russiare airspace. | fly out of, pass out of | open They have de- cided (0 open their airspace to commercial aircraft. 1 clase | PREP. In~ The glider eas in Duteh airspace, out of~ They were now out of controlled airspesce. * PHRASES a Violation of airspace The president said that all future violations of our airspace woutd result ira serious consequences. ajar aj * VERBS be, stand The fficedoor stood ajar | leave sth Shehad left the kitchen door slightly ajar anv. slightly akin adj akin to sth 4 VERHS be anv closely This game is closely akin co rugby. | somewhat A balalaika is an instrument somewhat akira toaguitar * PHRASES something akin to sth She was wearing sontething akin to a pineappleon her head. alarm noun Afear/worry ADI. considerable, great | growing | sudden | pub- lic There is growing public alarm ac this increase in crime, [unnecessary