1.

Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.1Socio-cultural contexts of disabilities in Ethiopia---------------------------2

2. Socio-cultural contexts of children with special needs --------------------------------------------------------3

2.1 Vulnerable groups: -----------------------------------------------------------------3

2.2 Vulnerability as a child in Ethiopia---------------------------------------------3
2.3 Regional disparities----------------------------------------------------------------3
2.4 Urban–rural divide-----------------------------------------------------------------3
2.5 Low economic background-------------------------------------------------------4
2.6 Gender--------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
3. Legal and policy contexts (and intentions): Rhetoric of “schools for all”--------------------------------4

3.1 The Constitution-----------------------------------------------------------------------4

3.2 Policy perspective---------------------------------------------------------------------5

3.3 Strategy for inclusive education----------------------------------------------------5

3.4 Education Sector Development Programs----------------------------------------5

3.5 Education Sector Development Programs--------------------------------------- 6

3.6 National Development Plans------------------------------------------------------- 6

4. Education of children with special needs: Reality of schools------------------------------------------------7

4.1 A glimpse at the nature of education of children with special needs---------- 7

4.2 Enrollment of pupils with special needs-------------------------------------------- 8

5. Provisions and challenges of special needs/ inclusive education--- ----------------------------------------9

5.1 General concerns of inclusion-------------------------------------------------------- 9

5.2 Attitudinal problems --------------------------------------------------------------------9

5.3 Contents, organizations and methods---------------------------------------------- 10

5.4 Care --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

5.6 Assessments---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

5.7 Physical conditions --------------------------------------------------------------------11

5.8 Related others--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

9. The tomorrow: Opportunities and promises to “Schools for Some”---------------------------------------------14

10. Education for all: achievements and opportunities ----------------------------------------------------------------15

11. Education for all: Intentions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16

12. Schools for some: the golden average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

13. Conclusions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18

Reference----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
 Mizan-tipe University
College of Social Science & Humanities
Department of psychology

Course Title: Design and Management of Inclusive Learning Environment

Course Code: SNIE539
Credit Hours = 2

Assignment Title:
Inclusive education in Ethiopia

Prepared by: Dagim Addis

25 December, 2021
Acronyms

ACPF African child policy forum

CSA Central statistics agency

ETP Education and Training Policy

EFA Education for all

ENDAN Ethiopian National disability action Network

ESDP Education sector development plan

ESDP Education Sector Development Programs

FMOE Federal Ministry of Education

GEQIP General Education Quality Improvement Package

GTP National Growth and Transformation Plan

IE Inclusive Education

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

MDG Millennium Development

NGO Non-governmental organization

NLA National Learning Assessment (hereinafter,

PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty

SADPD site allocation & development plan

SEN Special Educational Needs

TEI Teacher Education Institutes

UNCRPD United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

UNESCO United nations educational ,scientific & cultural organization

UNICEF United nation’s children fund

WHO World Health Organization

reference
Melese Birhanu Tiruneh. ( 2019) inclusive education strategy as to responsive learning environment for

Inclusive higher education. International journal of development in social sciences and), vol.

no.8. Bahirdar university college of education and behavioral sciences department of

teacher education and curriculum studies Ethiopia

Wondwosen Mitiku, Yitayal Alemu, Semahegn Mengsitu C Volume 1, Number 2/2014 hallenges and
Opportunities to Implement Inclusive Education

Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature, Volume 1, No 2 (2014)

Education of Children with Special Needs in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Rhetoric of „Education
For All‟ and the Reality on the Ground

Belay Tefera , Fantahun Admas, and Missaye Mulatie ( 2015). Education of Children with
Special Needs in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Rhetoric of

„Education For All‟ and the Reality on the Ground.

The Ethiopian Journal of Education Vol. XXXV No. 1 June 2015

The Ethiopian Journal of Education Vol. XXXV No. 1 June 2015

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