Question ; Sources of prejudies & discrimination

The possible effects of both prejudices & discrimination

The D/f b/n the reality & what is wrriten in books

Stigma discrimination bias negative attitude stereotype prejudes

A negative attitude is a disposition, feeling, or manner that is not constructive, cooperative, or

optimistic. ... In this lesson, we'll go over some examples of negative attitudes.

Bias is a tendency to prefer one person or thing to another, and to favour that person or thing. ... To
bias someone means to influence them in favour of a particular choice

tigma is when someone views you in a negative way because you have a distinguishing characteristic or
personal trait that's thought to be, or actually is, a disadvantage (a negative stereotype)

Stigma is when someone sees you in a negative way because of your mental illness. Discrimination is
when someone treats you in a negative way because of your mental illness.

stereotype is a mistaken idea or belief many people have about a thing or group that is based upon how
they look on the outside, which may be untrue or only partly true. Stereotyping people is a type of
prejudice because what is on the outside is a small part of who a person is.

Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such
as race, gender, age or sexual orientation. That's the simple answer. But explaining why it happens is
more complicated. The human brain naturally puts things in categories to make sense of the world.

Discrimination occurs where someone is treated less favourably due to a particular protected attribute,
even if the treatment isn't openly antagonistic – for example, not getting a promotion because you are
pregnant, or being the subject of “joking banter” by reference to that protected attribute – and even
where it is

A prejudiced person may not act on their attitude. Therefore, someone can be prejudiced towards a
certain group but not discriminate against them. Also, prejudice includes all three components of an
attitude (affective, behavioral and cognitive), whereas discrimination just involves behavior.

Prejudice refers to a preconceived judgment, opinion or attitude directed toward certain people based
on their membership in a particular group. It is a set of attitudes, which supports, causes, or justifies
discrimination.

: preconceived judgment or opinion. (2) : an adverse opinion or leaning formed without just grounds or
before sufficient knowledge. b : an instance of such judgment or opinion. c : an irrational attitude of
hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics.
noun. an unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason.
any preconceived opinion or feeling, either favorable or unfavorable. unreasonable feelings, opinions, or
attitudes, especially of a hostile nature, regarding an ethnic, racial, social, or religious group.

What causes prejudice?

A person's upbringing may cause them to become prejudiced. If parents had prejudices of their own,
there is a chance that these opinions will be passed on to the next generation. One bad experience with
a person from a particular group can cause a person to think of all people from that group in the same

way.

he psychological bases for prejudice These include: people's key values; the ways they see themselves
and others; their sense of social identity, and social norms that define who is included in or excluded
from so Prejudice can be based on a number of factors including sex, race, age, sexual orientation,
nationality, socioeconomic status, and religion.
...
Some of the most well-known types of prejudice include:

 Racism.

 Sexism.

 Ageism.

 Classism.

 Homophobia.

 Nationalism.

 Religious prejudice.

 Xenophobia.

cial groups.

Discrimination
Stigma in turn can lead to discrimination against a person with a disability, a family

member, or someone associated with a person with a disability. Discrimination on the

basis of disability is defined in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as

any distinction, exclusion or restriction based on disability which has the purpose or effect

of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basis with

others, of all human rights. It includes all forms of disability discrimination and is worded

broadly so as to cover not only discrimination experienced by persons with disabilities but

also those associated with them, such as family members and other carers.

As a result of stigma and discrimination, persons with disabilities may face exclusion and

dehumanizing treatment in all areas of their lives - including work-places, health-care

services and educational institutions.

At the individual level, stigma and discrimination against persons with disabilities can

also result in internalized oppression and feelings of shame. When confronting stigma

on a regular basis, persons with disabilities may face great challenges in overcoming the

negative views of their community or societies to achieve self-acceptance and a sense of

pride in their lives. In this way, when stigma is internalized by persons with disabilities, it

creates yet another barrier that must be overcome.

Negative perceptions in society can also create feelings of shame among families who

may hide their child with a disability from public view. For example, surveys conducted

in Cameroon, Ethiopia, Senegal, Uganda and Zambia disclosed that 38% of respondent

caregivers of children with disabilities reported hiding them away, or forbidding them to take

part in social activities owing to stigma or in order to protect them from perceptions and

stigmas. In some instances, as a result of misguided beliefs children with disabilities are not
permitted to attend school. For example, fear and ignorance about the causes of epilepsy can

result in exclusion from school for children with seizure disorders.

Advocates in Gabon report

that persons who are deaf are considered incapable of pursuing an education.

Children

whose parents have disabilities may also experience stigma on this basis.