Lecture 3.

Amplifier using BJT

Electronique analogique

April 13, 2022

CONTENTS

1 Introduction

2 Example

3 BJT Modeling

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 3.1
Introduction to Amplifier
3.1.1. Introduction

Amplifier: produces waveshape as the input signal, but with a

larger amplitude
...
...

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3.1.2. Amplifiers Classification

Amplifiers are classified according to many considerations.

Based on the output properties
Current Amplifiers
Voltage Amplifiers
Power Amplifiers
Based on the input signals
Small signal Amplifiers
Large signal amplifiers
Based on the frequency of operation
DC Amplifiers (DC voltages or very low frequency signals)
Audio frequency amplifiers
Radio Frequency amplifiers
...

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3.2. Example (1)

VCC

R1 RC

C
C1
B C2

RS RL
R2 E

vS RE CE

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3.2. Example (2)
iC

iB C A
B
A +
+
E V
V -
-

I1 I2

+ +
V1 Linear Network V2
- -

For sufficiently small emitter-collector voltage and current

excursions about the quiescent point (small signals), the BJT is
considered linear
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3.2.1. Two-port network

iC

I1 I2

+ Two-port +
V1 V2
- network -

characterized by the four variables V1 , V2 , I1 , and I2

only two of these four variables be independent

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3.2.1. Two-port network: z parameters
Open-circuit impedance parameters (z parameters)

V1 = z11 I1 + z12 I2
V2 = z21 I1 + z22 I2


V1 
z11 =
I1 I2 =0

V1 
z12 =
I2 I1 =0

V2 
z21 =
I1 I2 =0

V2 
z22 =
I2 I1 =0

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3.2.1. Two-port network: hybrid parameters


V1 = h11 I1 + h12 V2
I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2

V1 
h11 =
I1 V2 =0

V1 
h12 =
V2 I1 =0

I2 
h21 =
I1 V2 =0

I2 
h22 =
V2 I1 =0

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3.2.2. Hybrid-parameter model

Different sets of h parameters are defined, depending on which

element of the transistor (E, B, or C) shares a common point with
the amplifier input and output terminals.

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3.2.2. Hybrid-parameter model: CE

iC and vBE : dependent variables

iB and vCE : independent variables

vBE = f1 (iB , vCE )
iC = f2 (iB , vCE )

small signal: ∆vBE = vbe , ∆iC = ic ,. . .

 
∂vBE  ∆vBE 
vbe =∆vBE ≈ dvBE ib + vce
∂iB Q ∆vCE Q
 
∂iC  ∆iC 
ic =∆iC = ib + vce
∂iB Q ∆vCE Q

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3.2.2. Hybrid-parameter model: CE

CE hybrid parameters
 
∂vBE  ∆vBE 
Input resistance hie = ≈
∂iB Q ∆iB Q
 
∂vBE  ∆vBE 
Reverse (transfer) voltage ratio hre = ≈
∂vCE Q ∆vCE Q
 
∂iC  ∆iC 
Forward (transfer) current gain hfe = ≈
∂iB Q ∆iB Q
 
∂iC  ∆iC 
Output admittance hoe = ≈
∂vCE Q ∆vCE Q

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3.2.2. Hybrid-parameter model: CE

hie ib ic
B C
+ +
+

vbe hrevce hfeib hoe vce

-
- E -

i: input e: CE
o: output b: CB
r: reverse c: CC
f: forward

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3.2. Example: Recall

VCC

R1 RC

C
C1
B C2

RS RL
R2 E

vS RE CE

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3.2. Example: AC

iC
C
iS iB
B
RC RL
RS
E
RB iE
vS

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3.2. Example: AC

iS ib ic
B C
+
RS hie
RB +
hfeib hoe RC RL vce
vS hrevce
- E -

R1 × R2
RB = R1 //R2 =
R1 + R2

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 3.2
BJT Modeling