jktk gksaMk uokx<+ Vw Oghyj LdwVj

fcØh çcaèku
vè;k; vè;k; dk uke i`"B la[;k
1 m|ksx ifjp; 3-15
1.1 ifj;kstuk ds ckjs esa ifjp; 3
1.2 m|ksx çksQ+kby 3-4
1.3 daiuh çksQkby 4-6
1.4 lrr fodkl ds fy, jksMeSi 7
1.5 daiuh çksQkby 8-9
1.6 2030 fotu 9-10
1.7 mRikn çksQ+kby 11-15
1.8 jktk gksaMk uokx<+ dk Lo‚V fo'ys"k.k 15
2 lS)kafrd i`"BHkwfe ,oa lkfgR; leh{kk 16-26
2.1 fcØh çpkj 16
2.2 fcØh laoèkZu ds mís'; 16-19
2.3 fcØh laoèkZu dh çHkko'khyrk dk ijh{k.k: 19-20
2.4 miHkksäk fcØh laoèkZu 20-22
2.5 daiuh dk egRo vkSj ewY; 22
2.6 Hkkjr esa nksifg;k okguksa ds fodkl dkjd vkSj fcØh dkjd 23-24
2.7 miHkksäk [kjhn O;ogkjA 24-25
2.8 fo|qr okgu 26
3 vuqlUèkku js[kk 27-31

Ekta Yadav Page 1

 3.1 leL;k dk fooj.k 27
3.2 vè;;u dh vko';drk 27
3.3 vè;;u ds mís'; 27-28
3.4 vè;;u dk nk;jk 28
3.5 vuqlaèkku i)fr 29-30
3.6 vè;;u dh lhek,a 31
4 vkadM+s fo'ys"k.k vkSj O;k[;k 32-46
5 fu"d"kZ] lq>ko vkSj fu"d"kZ 47-50
5.1 fu"d"kZ 47-48
5.2 lq>ko 49
5.3 fu"d"kZ 50

Ekta Yadav Page 2

 vè;k; 1

m|ksx ifjp;

1.1 ifj;kstuk ds ckjs esa ifjp;

esjh ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ jktk gksaMk uokx<+ Vw Oghyj LdwVj ds fcØh çcaèku ij ,d
vè;;u fo"k; ij gSA eSaus viuk çkstsDV jktk gksaMk uokx<+ esa iwjk fd;kA

1.2 m|ksx çksQ+kby

v‚Vkseksckby 'kCn Ýkalhlh 'kCn v‚Vkseksckby ds ekè;e ls vkrk gSA ;kuh pyus okyk
okguA v‚VkseksfVo m|ksx ,d O;kid daiuh ;k laxBu gS tks mRiknksa dh ,d foLr`r
J`a[kyk dk mRiknu djrk gS vkSj os eksVj okguksa ds fMtkbu] fodkl] mRiknu] foi.ku
vkSj O;kikj esa my>s gq, gSaA v‚Vks eksfVo m|ksx gekjs ns'k esa lcls rsth ls c<+rs
m|ksxksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g fiNys o"kZ 25 fefy;u ls vfèkd okguksa dk mRiknu djds
çeq[k m|ksxksa esa ls ,d gSA fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 3 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA
v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk 8 çfr'kr fgLlk gSA dqy cktkj
fgLlsnkjh dk 82 çfr'kr ds lkFk nksifg;k [kaMA nqfu;k esa rhu cM+s okgu fuekZrk gSa] os
gSa

 tujy eksVlZ]
 Vks;ksVk eksVlZ d‚ikZsjs'ku
 QksMZ eksVj daiuhA

2008 esa bu daifu;ksa ds ikl dqy cktkj fgLlsnkjh dk 15 çfr'kr] 13 çfr'kr vkSj 12
çfr'kr FkkA tkiku vc rd dk çeq[k mRiknd gS vkSj phu nwljs LFkku ij gS] if'peh
;wjksi vkSj mÙkjh vesfjdk Øe'k% rhljs vkSj pkSFks LFkku ij gSA v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx
lexz jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk ,d vfuok;Z {ks= gSA
Ekta Yadav Page 3
çeq[k okgu fuekZrk

 tujy eksVlZ]
 Vks;ksVk eksVlZ d‚ikZsjs'ku vkSj
 QksMZ eksVj daiuhA

1.3 daiuh çksQkby

daiuh dk uke gksaMk eksVj daiuh fyfeVsM

esgjcku lkoZtfud daiuh
fcØh ds :i esa VhokbZvks:7267 ,uokbZ,lbZ: ,p,elh
m|ksx laxqfVdk
laLFkkid lksbfpjks gksaMk vkSj Vsdks Qqft;kek
ekfyd tkiku VªLVh lfoZlt
s cSad ¼7-88%½
tkiku dk ekLVj VªLV cSad ¼5-76%½
LFkkfir gekekRlq] tkiku ¼24 flracj 1948½
eq[;ky; feukVks] VksD;ks] tkiku
dqy deZpkjh 209,400
foHkktu gksaMk v‚Vkseksckby] ,D;wjk] gksaMk eksVj lkbfdy
lsok—r {ks= nqfu;k Hkj
jktLo 14-88 fVªfy;u

gksaMk eksVj ,d lkoZtfud daiuh gS ftldh LFkkiuk lksbfpjks gksaMk vkSj Vsdks Qqft;kek
us o"kZ 1948 esa tkiku ds gekekRlq esa dh FkhA çeq[k 'ks;j nks cM+s lkoZtfud cSadksa ds
LokfeRo esa gSa] vFkkZr~ tkiku VªLVh lfoZlt
s cSad vkSj tkiku ds ekLVj VªLV cSad ds
ikl dqy 'ks;j iwt
a h dk 8% vkSj 6% gSA ;g nqfu;k Hkj esa lsok djrk gS] gksM
a k ds

Ekta Yadav Page 4

fy, 2]00]000 ls vfèkd deZpkjh dke djrs gSa] blds jktLo fiNys lky 14 fVªfy;u
dks ikj dj x;kA eq[;ky; feukVks] VksD;ks vkSj tkiku esa fLFkr gSaA

v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk fodkl

Hkkjr esa v‚VkseksfVo m|ksx nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s v‚VkseksfVo cktkjksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g
igys foÜo Lrj ij lcls rsth ls c<+rs cktkjksa esa ls ,d Fkk] ysfdu orZeku esa ;g
¶ySV ;k udkjkRed fodkl nj dk vuqHko dj jgk gSA 2009 esa] Hkkjr tkiku] nf{k.k
dksfj;k vkSj FkkbZySaM ds ckn ;k=h dkjksa ds ,f'k;k ds pkSFks lcls cM+s fu;kZrd ds :i
esa mHkjk] 2010 esa FkkbZySaM dks iNkM+dj rhljk gks x;kA 2010 rd] Hkkjr 40 fefy;u
;k=h okguksa dk ?kj FkkA 2010 esa Hkkjr esa 3-7 fefy;u ls vfèkd v‚VkseksfVo okguksa dk
mRiknu fd;k x;k ¼33-9 çfr'kr dh o`f)½] ftlls Hkkjr nqfu;k esa ¼phu ds ckn½ nwljk
lcls rsth ls c<+rk v‚Vkseksckby cktkj cu x;kA Hkkjr dk ;k=h dkj vkSj okf.kfT;d
okgu fuekZ.k m|ksx gky gh esa czkthy dks iNkM+dj nqfu;k esa NBk lcls cM+k cu x;k]
2011 esa 3-9 fefy;u ls vfèkd bdkb;ksa dk okf"kZd mRiknu gqvkA 2011 ls 2012 rd]
m|ksx esa 16&18% dh o`f) gqbZ] yxHkx rhu dh fcØh gqbZ fefy;u ;wfuVA lkslkbVh
v‚Q bafM;u v‚Vkseksckby eSU;qQSDpjlZ ds vuqlkj] 2015 rd okf"kZd okgu fcØh
c<+dj 4 fefy;u gksus dk vuqeku gS] u fd 5 fefy;u tSlk fd igys vuqeku yxk;k
x;k FkkA v‚VkseksfVo daiksusaV eSU;qQSDpjlZ ,lksfl,'ku v‚Q bafM;k ¼ACMA½ }kjk
çdkf'kr vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj] 2012&2021 ds nkSjku 13 çfr'kr dh pØo`f) okf"kZd o`f)

Ekta Yadav Page 5

nj ¼CAGR½ ls c<+us dh mEehn gSA Hkkjrh; m|ksx ifjla?k ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh;
v‚Vkseksckby {ks= ds fy, foÜo dh fLFkfr bl çdkj gS:

 lcls cM+k frifg;k cktkj

 nwljk lcls cM+k nksifg;k cktkj
 nloka lcls cM+k ;k=h dkj cktkj 4- pkSFkk lcls cM+k VªSDVj cktkj
 ikapoka lcls cM+k okf.kfT;d okgu cktkj
 ikapoka lcls cM+k cl vkSj Vªd [kaM

nksifg;k xSj&fx;j {ks= esa fodkl nj

o"kZ fodkl nj
2011 0.988
2012 1
2013 1.20
2014 1.55
2015 1.56
2016 1.7
2017 2.4
2018 2.4
2019 3
2020 4.5
2021 4.1

Ekta Yadav Page 6

1.4 lrr fodkl ds fy, jksMeSi

,sls dbZ lkekftd eqís gSa ftu ij cgqr ppkZ gqbZ gS] xjhch vkSj 'kj.kkFkhZ leL;kvks]a
ekuokf/kdkjksa ds eqíksa] tyok;q lfgr ifjorZu] ÅtkZ ds eqís] O;kolkf;d LokLF; vkSj
lqj{kk esa lq/kkj vkSj lekt dk cq<+kikA bl lanHkZ esa] gksaMk ds fy,] tks oSf'od Lrj ij
fofo/k çdkj ds O;olk; djrh gS] çca/ku esa çkFkfedrk okys eqíksa dh igpku djus ds
fy, ewY; J`a[kyk esa vius voljksa vkSj ftEesnkfj;ksa dks le>uk Hkh vko';d gksxkA
blds vykok] rsth ls çfrfØ;k nsus vkSj dkjksckjh ekgkSy esa rsth ls cnyko dks
lek;ksftr djus ds fy,] ,d –f"V ds :i esa gksaMk dh Hkfo"; dh fn'kk fu/kkZfjr djuk
egRoiw.kZ gSA

2030 fotu 2050 esa ,d ,slh daiuh ftls lekt vfLrRo esa j[kuk pkgrk gS cus jgus
ds fy, gksaMk o"kZ 2030 esa D;k cuuk pkgrk gS] dh ,d vkn'kZ Nfo dk çrhd gS] tc
daiuh us viuh LFkkiuk ds 100 ls vf/kd o"kksZa dks fpfàr fd;k gksxkA

fotu ds fuekZ.k esa] gksaMk us nks –f"Vdks.kksa ls v‚ijsfVax okrkoj.k esa nh?kZdkfyd
ifjorZuksa dh tkap dh iwokZuqeku] ;k orZeku le; ls Hkfo"; dh vksj ns [kuk] vkSj
cSddkfLVax] ;k 2050 ls orZeku rd ihNs eqMd
+ j ns[kukA tSlk fd daiuh ekStwnk
O;olk;ksa dk lapkyu tkjh j[krh gS] ;g lekt dh rsth ls cnyrh vis{kkvksa vkSj gksM
a k
xzkgdksa dh t:jrksa ds lkFk ekStwnk O;olk;ksa ds ewY; dks dSls cnyus vkSj fodflr
djus tk jgh gS\ blds vykok] gksaMk eksVjlkbfdy] v‚Vkseksckby vkSj thou fuekZ.k
O;olk;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk vius ekStwnk lapkyu ds <kaps ls ijs u, {ks=ksa esa vHkwriwoZ u,
ewY; dSls cukus tk jgh gS\ yach vof/k esa lrr fodkl dks l{ke cukus ds fy, ,d
–f"V dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy,] gksaMk us orZeku] ifjorZu vkSj u, ds rhu –f"Vdks.kksa ls
2030 dh vksj vius O;olk;ksa ds ifjorZu dh fn'kk dh tkap dh gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 7

1.5 nksifg;k m|ksx

Hkkjrh; nksifg;k [kaM v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx ds lHkh [kaMksa esa lcls vfèkd ek=k esa
;ksxnku nsrk gSA gkykafd [kaM dks eksVs rkSj ij 3 mi&[kaMksa esa oxÊ—r fd;k tk ldrk
gS tSls( LdwVj] eksVjlkbfdy vkSj eksisM( cktkj esa is'k dh xbZ dqN Jsf.k;ka nks ;k nks
ls vfèkd [kaMksa dk la;kstu gSa mnkA LdwVfjLV vkSj LVsi&F:A fiNys pkj ls ikap o"kksZa
esa] nksifg;k cktkj esa LdwVjksa dh dher ij eksVjlkbfdyksa dh vksj ,d mYys[kuh;
cnyko ns[kk x;k gSA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa] miHkksäk [kjkc lM+d dh fLFkfr dk lkeuk djus
ds fy, etcwr ckbd ilan djus yxs gSaA bl çfØ;k esa eksVjlkbfdy [kaM dk fgLlk
48% ls c<+dj 58% gks x;k gS] LdwVjksa dh fgLlsnkjh 33% ls 25% rd fxj xbZ gS]
tcfd eksisM dh fgLlsnkjh o"kZ 2000 ds nkSjku 19% ls 17% rd 2% fxjdj 17%
gks xbZ gS& 01- vçSy 2000 ls çHkkoh ;wjks mRltZu ekunaM Vw&LVªkd
s lsxesVa esa ekStwnk
f[kykfM+;ksa dks mRçsjd dUoVZlZ LFkkfir djus ds fy, çsfjr djrs gSaA lHkh u, e‚Myksa
dks vc 4&LVªksd ls cnyk tk jgk gS

eksVjlkbfdyA eksVjlkbfdyksa ij mRikn 'kqYd 32% ls ?kVkdj 24% dj fn;k x;k

gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i dherksa esa deh vkbZ gS] ftlls eksVjlkbfdyksa dh ekax dks
c<+kus esa enn feyh gSA

nksifg;k m|ksx ds Hkhrj] eksVjlkbfdy [kaM esa 35% dh vlkèkkj.k mPp nj ls o`f)
gqbZ] tcfd LdwVjksa ds fy, 3% vkSj eksisM ds fy, 27% dh fxjkoV vkbZA okLro esa]
eksVjlkbfdy 4-3 fefy;u nksifg;k cktkj esa LdwVj vkSj eksisM dh fgLlsnkjh Nhu jgh
gS vkSj 68% dh cktkj fgLlsnkjh ds lkFk vkxs c<+ jgh gSA vèkZ&'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k
{ks=ksa dh c<+rh ekax us eksVjlkbfdyksa dh vksj bl ldkjkRed cnyko dk dkj.k gks
ldrk gSA blds vykok] de C;kt nj O;oLFkk ds lkFk vklku _.k] futh ifjogu esa
ckèkk] eè;e oxZ esa vk; dk Lrj c<+uk vkSj ;qokvksa dh mPp vkdka{kk,a lHkh nksifg;k
okguksa esa bruh mPp o`f) ds fy, ftEesnkj dkjd çrhr gksrs gSaA ns'k esa lexz
O;kolkf;d xfrfofèk dks ckfèkr djus okys eanh vkSj vU; dkjdksa dk eqdkcyk djus ds

Ekta Yadav Page 8

fy, nksifg;k okguksa esa o`f) dkQh etcwr jgh gSA lkFk gh] 2002&03 ds dsæa h; ctV
esa mRikn 'kqYd ds ;qfädj.k dk eksVjlkbfdyksa dh ekax ij ldkjkRed çHkko iM+kA
ge ;g Hkh mEehn djrs gSa fd eksVjlkbfdysa vU; lHkh ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa dh rjg nksifg;k
lsxesVa dk usr`Ro djuk tkjh j[ksaxhA

miyCèk iwokZuqeku crkrs gSa fd ;g ço`fÙk dqN vkSj o"kksZa rd tkjh jgsxh vkSj m|ksx
2006 rd yxHkx nks vadksa dh vkSlr okf"kZd o`f) ntZ djsxkA

o"kZ ds nkSjku] nksifg;k m|ksx esa egRoiw.kZ fodkl gq, gSaA çfrLièkkZ etcwr gqbZ gS]
gkykafd m|ksx esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ u;k ços'kdrkZ gSA dher ij tksj fn;k tk jgk gS
vkSj blus iwjs m|ksx esa ykxr esa dVkSrh ds ç;klksa dks çsfjr fd;k gS] ftlls xzkgd
,d vafre ykHkkFkÊ cu x;k gSA bl ço`fÙk us 100 ls 180 lhlh ckbd rd dh {kerk
okyh ubZ eksVjlkbfdyksa dh 'kq:vkr Hkh ns[khA ge vk'kk djrs gSa fd o"kZ ds nkSjku dbZ
vkSj u, e‚My y‚Up fd, tk,axs vkSj xzkgdksa dks çfrLièkÊ dherksa ij Hkjiwj fodYi
çnku djsx
a sA O;olk; yxkrkj 25&30 çfr'kr dh nj ls ugha c<+ ldrsA çR;sd
O;olk; ,d fo'ks"k vkdkj çkIr djus ds ckn èkhjs&èkhjs de gksus yxrk gSA le; ds
lkFk 10&12 çfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f) nj vR;ar LoLFk gSA

1.6 2030 fotu

gksaMk }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k 2030 fotu c;ku esa O;ä fd;k x;k gS] nqfu;k Hkj esa
yksxksa dks vius thou dh {kerk dk foLrkj djus dh [kq'kh ds lkFk lsok djs&
a
xfr'khyrk dh çxfr dk usr`Ro djsa vkSj nqfu;k esa gj txg yksxksa dks vius nSfud
thou esa lq/kkj djus esa l{ke cuk,a&A bl fotu dks ewrZ :i nsus ds fy,] daiuh us
21oha lnh ds fy, dk;Z fn'kkfuns'Z kksa ds :i esa rhu –f"Vdks.kksa ls viuh fof'k"V igyksa
dh fn'kk fu/kkZfjr dh [kqf'k;k¡ cukuk] [kq'kh dk foLrkj djuk vkSj vxyh ih<+h ds fy,
[kqf'k;k¡ lqfuf'pr djukA

Ekta Yadav Page 9

fØ,fVax n t‚;t ds igys –f"Vdks.k ls] gksaMk xfr'khyrk vkSj nSfud thou ds fy,
ewY; cukus ij dke djsxhA daiuh rhu {ks=ksa ij /;ku dsafær djsxh] vFkkZr~ xfr'khyrk]
jkscksfVDl vkSj ÅtkZ] D;ksfa d ;g yksxksa dks [kq'kh vkSj xfr'khyrk dh Lora=rk vkSj
muds thou dks csgrj cukus dk vkuan çnku djuk pkgrh gSA

[kq'kh dk foLrkj ds nwljs –f"Vdks.k ls] gksaMk yksxksa vkSj lekt dh fofHkUu fo'ks"krkvksa
dks lek;ksftr djus dk ç;kl djsxhA bl {ks= es]a daiuh fofHkUu laL—fr;ksa vkSj ewY;ksa
vkSj fofo/k lektksa dks çfrfcafcr djus okys lHkh yksxksa ds fy, vuqdwfyr mRiknksa vkSj
lsokvksa dh is'kd'k djds [kq'kh dk vkSj foLrkj djus dh dksf'k'k djsxh] Hkys gh os
fodflr ;k fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa gksaA

vxyh ih<+h ds fy, [kqf'k;k¡ lqfuf'pr djuk ds rhljs –f"Vdks.k ls] daiuh LoPN vkSj
lqjf{kr / lqjf{kr lekt dh vksj çxfr djsxhA i;kZoj.k vkSj lqj{kk ds {ks=ksa esa uacj 1
cuus dk ç;kl djrs gq,] gksM
a k bu {ks=ksa esa vf/kd lalk/kuksa dk fuos'k djsxh vkSj ,d
,slh daiuh cuus dk ç;kl djsxh tks dkcZu&eqä vkSj Vdjko&eqä eksckby lekt dk
,glkl djus ds ç;klksa dk usr`Ro djsA

bl –f"V esa] gksaMk vius lkoZHkkSfed tquwu esa ykSV vk;k gS vkSj ek=k ls xq.koÙkk dh
fn'kk esa viuh fn'kk esa ,d cM+k cnyko fd;k gSA bl rjg daiuh us xq.koÙkk dh [kkst
ds ek/;e ls fodkl dk ,glkl djus ds fy, viuk d‚iksZjsV joS;k fu/kkZfjr fd;k gSA
daiuh gksaMk }kjk çnku dh tkus okyh ewY; dh xq.koÙkk vkSj bldh igy dh xq.koÙkk
ds fujarj ç;kl ds ek/;e ls [kq'kh ds pØ dk foLrkj djus vkSj gksaMk czkM
a dks vkSj
Hkh mTtoy cukus dk y{; j[ksxhA bl fotu dks lkdkj djus ds fy,] daiuh çHkkoh
mi;ksx djsxh ekStwnk O;olk;ksa dks cnyus vkSj fodflr djus vkSj u, ewY; cukus ds
fy, lhfer d‚iksjZ sV lalk/kuksa dkA

Ekta Yadav Page 10

1.7 mRikn çksQ+kby

uke Honda HONDA Honda Navi Honda

Aviator DIO 110 Active 5g
dher 56,028 54,453 43,433
mPpre xfr 83 Kmph 55 KMPL 81 Kmph 82 Kmph
foLFkkiu 109.19cc 100.19cc 109.19cc 110.20 Cc
ykHk 66 Kmpl 65 kmpl 65 kmpl 61 Kmpl
bysfDVªd LVkVZ Yes yes yes Yes
vfèkdre 'kfä 8 Bhp 8 Bhp 7.72 Bhp 8 Bhp
ot+u 109 Kg 100 kg 101 Kg 108 Kg
jax PeaBlack, Strand Silver, blue with white, black with white,
Red Metallic, Pearl White

 Honda Aviator

Ekta Yadav Page 11

  HONDA DIO 110

 Honda Navi

Ekta Yadav Page 12

  Honda Active 5g

1.8 jktk gksM

a k uokx<+ dk Lo‚V fo'ys"k.k

rkdr

voljksa
Lo‚V detksfj;ksa
fo'ys"k.k

vk'kadk

Ekta Yadav Page 13

  rkdr
 jktk gksaMk uokx<+ Mhyj
 mPp xq.koÙkk okyh lsok,a çnku djuk
 xfr'khy Vhe
 'kgj esa ldkjkRed Nfo
 fof'k"V ;kaf=dh vkSj deZpkjh
 nqcZyrk
 vuqlèa kku ,oa fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk vHkko
 vkØked fcØh dk vHkko
 çpkj xfrfofèk;ksa dh deh
 voljksa
 'kgj esa c<+rk nksifg;k cktkj
 xzkgdksa ds thou Lrj esa o`f)
 czkM
a oSY;w c<+kuk
 i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy okguksa dh c<+rh oSfÜod ekax
 eksVjlkbfdy m|ksx dk ldkjkRed –f"Vdks.k
 vk'kadk
 okguksa dh c<+rh dher
 xgu çfr;ksfxrk
 O;olk; esa vfuf'prrk
 de ykHkçnrk

Ekta Yadav Page 14

1.8 Hkfo"; ds fodkl dh laHkkouk

jktk gksaMkuokx<+ Mhyjksa esa ls ,d gSA os xzkgdksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ lsok,a çnku djrs
gSa tks os eksVj m|ksx esa mPp lQyrk çkIr djus ds fy, tk,axsA os vkus okys fnuksa esa
viuh czkM
a oSY;w c<+k,axsA gj lky c<+ jgh fcØh dh ek=k jktk gksaMkdh ldkjkRed
o`f) dks n'kkZrh gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 15

 vè;k; 2

lS)kafrd i`"BHkwfe ,oa lkfgR; leh{kk

2.1 fcØh çpkj:

fuekZrkvksa] forjdksa] [kqnjk foØsrkvksa vkSj xSj&ykHkdkjh laLFkkuksa lfgr vfèkdka'k

laxBuksa }kjk fcØh laoèkZu midj.k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA os vafre [kjhnkjksa
¼miHkksäk çpkj½] [kqnjk foØsrkvksa vkSj Fkksd foØsrkvksa ¼O;kikj çpkj½ dh vksj yf{kr
gksrs gSaA vkt] vkSlr miHkksäk iSdst okyh daiuh esa] fcØh laoèkZu dk lHkh foi.ku O;;
dk 74 çfr'kr fgLlk gSA dbZ dkjdksa us fo'ks"k :i ls miHkksäk cktkj esa fcØh laoèkZu
dh rhoz o`f) esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA lcls igys] daiuh ds vanj çcaèkd dks viuh orZeku
fcØh c<+kus ds fy, vfèkd ncko dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] vkSj çpkj dks ,d çHkkoh
vYidkfyd fcØh midj.k ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA nwljk] cká :i ls] daiuh dks
vfèkd çfrLièkkZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS vkSj çfrLièkÊ czkM
a de foHksfnr gksrs gSaA
c<+rh ykxr] ehfM;k vO;oLFkk vkSj dkuwuh ckèkkvksa ds dkj.k c<+rh n{krk esa fxjkoV
vkbZ gSA var esa] miHkksäk vfèkd lkSns&mUeq[k gks x, gSa] vkSj dHkh&dHkh cM+s [kqnjk
foØsrk fuekZ.k ls vfèkd lkSnksa dh ekax dj jgs gSaA

fcØh laoèkZu dk;ZØe fodflr djus esa] ,d daiuh dks igys fcØh laoèkZu mís';ksa dks
fuèkkZfjr djuk pkfg, vkSj fQj bu mís';ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, lokZsÙke midj.kksa dk
p;u djuk pkfg,A

2.2 fcØh laoèkZu ds mís';:

fcØh laoèkZu ds mís'; O;kid :i ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA foØsrk miHkksäk çpkj dk mi;ksx
vYidkfyd xzkgd [kjhnkjh ;k nh?kZdkfyd xzkgd lacaèkksa dks c<+kus ds fy, dj ldrs
gSaA O;kikj dks c<+kok nsus ds mís';ksa esa [kqnjk foØsrkvksa dks ubZ oLrqvksa vkSj vfèkd
Ekta Yadav Page 16
bUosVa ªh ys tkus] vkxs [kjhnus] ;k daiuh ds mRikn dk foKkiu djus vkSj mUgsa vfèkd
'ksYQ Lisl nsus ds fy, 'kkfey djuk 'kkfey gSA fcØh cy ds fy,] mís';ksa esa orZeku
;k u, mRiknksa ds fy, vfèkd fcØh cy leFkZu çkIr djuk ;k u, [kkrksa esa lkbu vi
djus ds fy, lsYlilZu çkIr djuk 'kkfey gSA

fcØh çpkj vkerkSj ij foKkiu] O;fäxr fcØh] ;k vU; çpkj feJ.k Vwy ds lkFk
mi;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA miHkksäk çpkjksa dks vke rkSj ij foKkfir fd;k tkuk pkfg,
vkSj foKkiuksa esa mRlkg vkSj [khapus dh 'kfä tksM+ ldrs gSaA O;kikj vkSj fcØh cy
çpkj QeZ dh O;fäxr fcØh çfØ;k dk leFkZu djrs gSaA

fcØh laoèkZu mRlkg txkrk gS( miHkksäkvksa] Mhyjksa vkSj QeZ ds lsYlilZu ls [kjhnkjh
dk ewM cukrk gS ;k rRdky çfrfØ;k nsrk gSA dbZ fcØh çpkj vfHk;ku foÙkh;
çksRlkguksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] tks ,d Li"V O;ogkj çfrfØ;k dks çksRlkfgr djus ds
fy, ,d çLrko dk çfrfufèkRo djrs gSa vkSj ewY; tksM+rs gSaA

,d çHkkoh dqy foi.ku dk;ZØe dk ifj.kke xzkgd dh çfrfØ;k vkSj foØsrkvksa vkSj
foØsrkvksa }kjk ,d xgu lqO;ofLFkr fcØh ç;kl ij fuHkZj djrk gSA

blfy, fcØh laoèkZu dk dqy mís'; vafre miHkksäkvksa }kjk [kjhnkjh dh çfrfØ;k
c<+kuk vkSj Mhyjksa ds lkFk&lkFk lsYlilZu }kjk fcØh ds ç;klksa vkSj rhozrk dks c<+kuk
gSA

fcØh laoèkZu dks fcØh ç;klksa ds Lusgd ds :i esa ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA blesa igys ;k
etcwr laHkkfor [kjhnkj dh çfrfØ;kvksa dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, fMt+kbu fd, x,
vYidkfyd çksRlkgu ç—fr ds O;kogkfjd çpkj midj.k 'kkfey gSaA ;g foKkiu }kjk
NksM+s x, varj dks iwjk djrk gS vkSj l`tu ls lacafèkr gSA rduhdksa dk vuqç;ksx vkSj
mi;ksx tks foKkiu dh lwpuk nsrs le; foKkiu vkSj O;fäxr fcØh ds ç;klksa esa o`f)
djsxk] fcØh dks c<+kok nsrk gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 17

fcØh çpkj O;fäxr fcØh dkS'ky] foKkiu [kjhn vkSj Mhyj çHkko'khyrk ds vykok
,d xfrfofèk ds :i esa okafNr gSA blesa foaMks fMLIys] çn'kZu] uewuk forj.k] dwiu
çhfe;e] lanHkZ] [kjhn HkÙks] NwV migkj] fcØh çfr;ksfxrk vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

vkd"kZd iSfdax] mfpr ewY; vkSj vPNs foKkiu dojst ds lkFk ,d vPNk mRikn
vklkuh ls ugha cspk tk ldrk gSA mRikn dh fcØh dks dbZ çHkkoksa ds ekè;e ls c<+kok
fn;k tkuk gS tgka iwoZ{s k.kA [kjhnkj vkSj fcØh vkeus&lkeus feyrs gSa] ftldk vFkZ gS
fd mRikn ds lHkh laHkkfor [kjhnkj mRikn ds vkd"kZd [kjhnkj gksus pkfg,] mUgsa
vkdf"kZr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj mRiknksa dks [kjhnus ds fy, jkth fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
;g fcØh laoèkZu }kjk fd;k tkrk gS tcfd mRikn Kku vkSj cktkj ds chp dh dM+h
çnku djus ds :i esa fy;k x;k gSA fcØh laoèkZu dh Hkwfedk [kqnjk pkSuy forj.k ij
fcØh vkSj Mhyjksa dh çHkko'khyrk ds fcanq ij miHkksäk [kjhn dks çksRlkfgr djuk gSA

la{ksi esa] ;g ,d iqy ;k dusfDVax fyad gS] tks foKkiu vkSj O;fäxr fcØh dkS'ky ds
chp ds varj dks doj djrk gS] çpkj ds nks ia[k gSaA

ykHk:

 ;g mRikn ds çfr ldkjkRed –f"Vdks.k dks mÙksftr djrk gSA

 ;g xzkgd dks mRikn [kjhnus ds fy, vfrfjä çksRlkgu nsrk gSA
 blesa lhèks rkSj ij xzkgd dks vHkh vkSj ckn esa rRdky dkjZokbZ djuk 'kkfey
gSA
 fcØh laoèkZu esa yphykiu gksrk gS vkSj bldk mi;ksx fdlh u, mRikn ds
fdlh Hkh Lrj ij ;k fdlh ekStwnk mRikn esa cM+s lqèkkj ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
çnku djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA

dfe;ka:

fcØh laoèkZu gkykafd ;g ,d çHkkoh midj.k gS] blesa dbZ dfe;ka gSa

 fcØh laoèkZu dsoy fcØh ç;klksa dks c<+kus ds fy, iwjd midj.k gS

Ekta Yadav Page 18

  fcØh laoèkZu çHkko'khyrk vYidkfyd gS vkSj vius ne ij czkM
a oQknkjh dk
fuekZ.k ugha dj ldrk gSA
 fcØh çpkj dk dksbZ iqu: mi;ksx ewY; ugha gSA
 cgqr vfèkd fcØh laoèkZu xfrfofèk;ka mRikn czkM
a Nfo dks uqdlku igqapk ldrh
gSa D;ksafd bls mRikn dh yksdfç;rk dh deh ds çfrfcac ds :i esa ns[kk tk
ldrk gSA
 cktkj esa fxjkoV vkSj @ ;k çksRlkgu cktkj dh vofèk ds nkSjku vPNh rjg ls
LFkkfir mRiknksa ds ekeys esa fcØh laoèkZu vçHkkoh ik;k tkrk gSA
 foKkiu ,tsfa l;ka fcØh laoèkZu dks fuEu ntkZ nsrh gSa vkSj vkerkSj ij fcØh
laoèkZu ds fy, dfu"B deZpkfj;ksa dks fu;qä djrh gSaA

fcØh ctV vkSj çpkj dh vko`fÙk:

,d ckj lsYl çeks'ku Iyku r; gks tkus ds ckn rRdky bl loky ij fd daiuh dk
lsYl eSustj ctV D;k gksuk pkfg,A LokHkkfod :i ls] ctV bl ij fuHkZj djsxk

 mRikn {ks=
 og mRikn ftl gn rd cktkj dh ljkguk djrk gSA
 D;k mRikn dh cktkj esa ekax c<+us ;k ?kVus dh laHkkouk gSA
 fo'ks"k leL;k,a tks fcØh laoèkZu ds jkLrs esa vkus dh laHkkouk gS vkSj
 laHkkfor volj tks çpkj vkSj fcØh esa enn dj ldrs gSaA

2.3 fcØh laoèkZu dh çHkko'khyrk dk ijh{k.k:

;g ns[kus ds fy, fd fcØh çksRlkgu dk;ZØe çHkkoh jgk gS ;k ugha] ijh{k.k vko';d
gSA blfy, ijh{k.k rduhdksa ds fofHkUu :iksa dh vko';drk tSls fd eq[; ijh{k.k]
LVksj ijh{k.k] ppkZ] vkfnA fcØh laoèkZu dk;ZØe dk ijh{k.k djrs le;] çpkj dk
mís';] vkSj ykxr dks de j[kus dk mís'; [kkrs esa fy;k x;k laHkkfor le;A mlh

Ekta Yadav Page 19

le;] fcØh çcaèkd dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd çpkj fu"i{k O;kikj vH;kl ds
lkFk iqf"V djrs gSa vkSj dkuwuh çkoèkkuksa dks Lohdkj ugha djsx
a sA ;g è;ku fn;k tkuk
pkfg, fd inksUufr 'kq: gksrs gh mfpr vuqcaèkksa dks ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg,A xzkgdksa ds
chp #fp dh fujarjrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, dne mBk, tkus pkfg, vkSj çpkj
dk;ZØeksa dks çHkkoh <ax ls 'kq: fd;k tkuk pkfg,A fcØh çpkj mik;ksa dh çxfr dks
fuèkkZfjr djus ds fy, fcØh] foØsrk vkSj forj.k dks mfpr :i ls çsfjr fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A

2.4miHkksäk fcØh laoèkZu:

miHkksäk dks lwfpr djus ds mís'; ls vkSj miHkksäk dks çksRlkfgr djus ds mís'; ls
xfrfofèk;ksa dks fo'ks"k ykHk feyrk gS fcØh laoèkZu dh fofèk:

fcØh laoèkZu nks çdkj ds gksrs gSa]

1) miHkksäk fcØh laoèkZu

2) MhylZ lsYl çeks'ku

muds mRikn dh [kjhn ij rqjarA v‚Q+j dks ukS Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSA

 uewukdj.k: vkerkSj ij miHkksäk uewukdj.k dgk tkrk gS] xzkgdksa dks ,d

u;k mRikn is'k djus ;k ekStwnk cktkj dk foLrkj djus ds fy, eq¶r uewus
fn, tkrs gSaA
 mRikn dk mi;ksx djus dh fofèk esa xzkgdksa dks f'kf{kr djus okys funZs'kksa dk
çn'kZuA ;g xzkgdksa ds chp tkx:drk iSnk djrk gSA
 dwiu ,d çek.ki= gS tks mRikn dh [kjhn ls tqMh+ dher ;k fdlh vU;
ykHk dks de djrk gSA
 euh fjQaM v‚MZj] ;kuh] u, mRikn dks is'k djus esa enn djus ds fy, iw.kZ
[kjhn ewY; okil dj fn;k tkrk gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 20

  çhfe;e v‚Q+j ;k vLFkk;h ewY; dVkSrh] tks lkSnsckth dh ço`fÙk ds fy,
vihy djrs gSaA
 ewY; can&;g miHkksäkvksa dks vLFkk;h NwV nsrk gSA
 QS'ku 'kks vkSj ijsM vPNs çpkj ds lkèku gSa tks ifj"—r diM+ksa dh enn
djrs gSaA
 ,pA miHkksäkvksa ds fy, lkexzh ;k LohiLVsd mRikn esa miHkksäk dh #fp
dks çksRlkfgr djus esa enn djrs gSaA

eSaA fdlh fo'ks"k nqdku esa [kjhnkjh ds fy, VªsfMax LVSEi fn, tkrs gSaA

MhylZ lsYl çeks'ku:

forjd ds vkmVysV ls vfèkdre lg;ksx çkIr djus ds fy, Mhyj dh inksUufr

vko';d gSA blfy, Mhyj 'kCn u dsoy [kqnjk foØsrkvksa ls cfYd laiw.kZ fcØh vkSj
forj.k dks Hkh tksM+rk gSA os fuekZrkvksa vkSj miHkksäkvksa ds chp egRoiw.kZ dM+h gSaA nwljs
'kCnksa esa] Mhyjksa vkSj forjdksa dh #fp vkSj mRlkg c<+kus ds mís'; ls dh tkus okyh
xfrfofèk;ksa dks Mhyj dh fcØh laoèkZu midj.k dgk tkrk gSA

 fu:'kqYd çn'kZu: [kjhn ds fcanq ;k fcØh ds fcanq ij lkexzh ds lw[kus ds eq¶r

çn'kZu dk çkoèkku gSA
 [kqnjk uewus: [kqnjk forjdksa dks mRikn rS;kj djus vkSj forfjr djus ds fy,
fuekZrkvksa }kjk [kqnjk uewuksa dh vkiwfrZ dh tkrh gSA
 O;kikj lkSns: [kqnjk foØsrkvksa dks mRikn dks vfrfjä leFkZu nsus ds fy,
çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, O;kikj lkSnksa dh is'kd'k dh tkrh gSA
 ,d foØsrk ds fy, fcØh çfr;ksfxrk vk;ksftr dh tkrh gSA
 ck; cSd HkÙkk: ;g fdlh vU; O;kikj lkSns ds rqjar ckn fdlh mRikn dh
iqu[kZjhn dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, fn;k tkrk gSA ck;cSd ,d iqufoZØ;
volj gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 21

  foØsrk yk, x, mRikn ds fy, ,d l`tu jkf'k ds :i esa [k+jhnkjh HkÙkk ns jgs
gSaA
 foKkiu vkSj çn'kZu HkÙkk fn;k tk ldrk gSA
 Mhyj yksMj [kqnjk foØsrk dks ,d fuf'pr ek=k esa lkeku [kjhnus ds fy, fn;k
x;k çhfe;e ;k [kqnjk foØsrk }kjk fd, x, fo'ks"k çn'kZu ds fy, çhfe;e gSA

eSaA lsYleSu ds fy, Mhyj vkSj forjd Ýse] tks mUgsa mRikn dk csgrj Kku nsus vkSj
bldk mi;ksx djus ds fy, çnku fd;k tk ldrk gSA

bl çdkj fcØh laoèkZu ds çR;sd :i dk mi;ksx mRikn ds Rofjr lapyu dks

çksRlkfgr djus vkSj bldk mi;ksx djus ds fy, f'kf{kr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

bl çdkj fcØh çpkj ds çR;sd :i dk mi;ksx forj.k ds pkSuy ds lkFk mRiknksa dh

Rofjr vkoktkgh dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj fcØh vfHk;ku dh xfr dks c<+kus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA ;g forj.k ds pkSuy ds fy, vfrfjä çksRlkgu ;k vfrfjä ewY; Hkh
cukrk gSA blfy, fcØh laoèkZu ,d çR;{k çyksHku çnku djrk gS] tks forjdksa dks
mudh fcØh cy vkSj vafre miHkksäk dks ,d vfrfjä ewY; ;k çksRlkgu nsrk gSA

2.5 daiuh dk egRo vkSj ewY;

ghjks eksVksd‚iZ nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h Vw&Oghyj eSU;qQSDpfjax daiuh gS] tks dbZ
vyx&vyx Vw&Oghyj eSU;qQSDpfjax czkaMl
~ esa vxz.kh daiuh gSA xzkgd ghjks ds czkM
a dks
D;ksa ilan djrs gSa\ D;k ,slk blfy, gS D;ksfa d cktkj esa iksft'kfuax j.kuhfr;ka gSa\

;g gksM
a k vkSj vU; nksifg;k fuekZ.k daifu;ksa ds fy, ghjks dh ekdZsfVax j.kuhfr vkSj
forj.k pkSuyksa ds lkFk çfrLièkkZ djus ds fy, ,d pqukSrh gksxh vkSj ghjks ds fy,
lcls cM+h pqukSrh cktkj esa cus jguk vkSj vPNh xq.koÙkk okys mRikn çnku djuk vkSj
xzkgd dh mEehnksa ij [kjk mrjuk gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 22

2.6 Hkkjr esa nksifg;k okguksa ds fodkl dkjd vkSj fcØh dkjd&

2.6.1 Hkkjr esa nksifg;k okguksa ds fodkl dkjd

 nksifg;k okgu vfèkd vkjkenk;d] fdQk;rh] cktkj esa O;kid :i ls miyCèk

vkSj [kjhnus esa vfèkd lqfoèkktud gSaA
 Hkkjr ljdkj us dj] mRikn 'kqYd vkSj vU; drZO;ksa dks de dj fn;k gSA
 vktdy ;qok ih<+h Hkkjr esa vfèkd vkdf"kZr vkSj nks ifg;ksa dk mi;ksx dj jgh
gSA
 vc v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx bysfDVªd okguksa esa fodkl dh [kkst vkSj fodkl dj
jgk gS vkSj ghjks eksVksd‚iZ Hkh bysfDVªd eksfcfyVh {ks= esa ços'k djus dh ;kstuk
cuk jgk gSA
 vktdy vkfFkZd vkSj i;kZoj.k eqä batu ubZ lqfoèkkvksa ls ySl gSaA

Hkkjr esa nksifg;k okguksa esa çeq[k o`f) ns[kh xbZ gSA nqifg;k okgu fuekZ.k esa o`f) dk
eq[; dkj.k cktkj esa vPNh vkSj LoLFk çfrLièkkZ gSA lM+dksa dh [kjkc fLFkfr ds dkj.k
Hkh fodkl esa o`f) gqbZ gS D;ksafd nksifg;k okgu [kjkc lM+d dh fLFkfr esa vPNk
çfrjksèk vkSj vPNk larqyu çnku dj jgs gSa vkSj ;qok ih<+h vktdy nksifg;k okguksa dk
vfèkd mi;ksx dj jgh gSA

2.6.2 Hkkjr esa nksifg;k okguksa ds fcØh dkjd

nksifg;k okguksa dh ekax fnu&c&fnu c<+rh tk jgh gS] c<+rh ekax ds eq[; dkjd bl
çdkj gSa&

 vèkZ&'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vi;kZIr lkoZtfud ifjoguA

 foÙkh; fodYiksa dh miyCèkrkA
 ekslsy dh la[;k vkSj mudh mUu;u lqfoèkkvksa esa o`f)A

Ekta Yadav Page 23

  mRikn ds fuekZ.k esa ubZ mUur rduhdA
 Hkkjr esa nksifg;k okguksa dh fcØh dh nj 2019 esa 21 fefy;u ;wfuV rd igqap
xbZ gSA nksifg;k okguksa dh fcØh esa fnu&çfrfnu o`f) gks jgh gSA

2011 11.77

2012 13.41

2013 13.8

2014 15.98

2015 16.46

2016 17.42

2017 20.2

2018 21.18

2019 21.18

2020 17.42

Hkkjr esa Vw&Oghyj dk cktkj fnu&c&fnu c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2011 esa fcØh
çn'kZu ds lkFk o"kZ 2019 esa fcØh çn'kZu dh rqyuk esa nksifg;k fuekZ.k daiuh us 79-
9% fcØh dh gSA ¼le;] 2021½

2.7 miHkksäk [kjhn O;ogkjA

foi.ku voèkkj.kk xzkgd&mUeq[k gS vkSj mRikn ds ctk; xzkgd ij vfèkd dsfa ær gSA
vkèkqfud foi.ku xzkgdksa ds fy, lkFkZd ewY; larqf"V iSnk djus ds lkFk&lkFk ykHk ds
fuekZ.k esa fufgr gSA lHkh O;kolkf;d xfrfofèk;ksa dks bl rjg ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,
tks miHkksäk dh t:jrksa dh larqf"V dh vksj funZsf'kr gksaA

foi.ku xzkgdksa ds lkFk 'kq: gksrk gS vkSj xzkgdksa dh larqf"V ds lkFk lekIr gksrk gS
vkSj xzkgdksa dh larqf"V çR;sd laxBu dk y{; gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 24

dbZ dkjd gSa tks [kjhn O;ogkj dks çHkkfor dj jgs gSa lcls egRoiw.kZ pkj dkjd tks
miHkksäkvksa ds [kjhn O;ogkj dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA

 lkaL—frd dkjd &

vkSipkfjd f'k{kk] vukSipkfjd f'k{kk vkSj rduhdh f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls laL—fr

lh[kh tkrh gSA laL—fr lcls ekSfyd fuèkkZjd O;fä dh bPNk vkSj O;ogkj gS]
çR;sd O;fä vius nksLrksa vkSj ifjokj ds ekè;e ls èkkj.kk] çkFkfedrk,a vkSj
O;ogkj çkIr djrk gSA

 lkekftd dkjd &

miHkksäk O;ogkj lkekftd dkjdksa tSls nksLrksa] lewgks]a ifjokj] lks'ky ehfM;k
vkSj lkekftd fLFkfr ls çHkkfor gks ldrk gSA

 O;fäxr dkjd &

Øsrk ds fu.kZ; O;fäxr dkjdksa tSls mez] thou] O;olk;] vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa]
thou 'kSyh vkSj vkRe&èkkj.kkvksa ls Hkh çHkkfor gksrs gSaA

 euksoSKkfud dkjd&

ekLyks dh ekuoh; t:jrksa dk inkuqØe gesa miHkksäk çsj.kk dks le>us esa enn
djrk gSA ;g ekdZsVj ds fy, mi;ksxh gS tks ;g igpku ldrk gS fd ;g czkM
a
fdl lkekU; Lrj dh vko';drk dks iwjk djus esa l{ke gS vkSj rnuqlkj vius
czkM
a dks çklafxd ekdZsfVax buiqV ds lkFk LFkku nsrk gSA euksoSKkfud t:jrksa
dks iwjk djus ds fy, Hkkstu vkSj diM+s tSls czkM
a [kjhns tkrs gSaA

Ekta Yadav Page 25

2.8 fo|qr okgu &

lM+dksa ij vktdy fctyh ds okgu lokj gks jgs gSa] ftldk eryc gS fd
v‚Vkseksckby dk Hkfo"; bysfDVªd gSA ghjks bysfDVªd eksfcfyVh esa ços'k djus okyk gS]
vkSj os tYn gh bysfDVªd eksfcfyVh esa ços'k djus dh ;kstuk cuk jgs gSa( os bysfDVªd
LdwVj is'k djus tk jgs gSaA

Hkkjr esa c<+rs i;kZoj.k us Hkkjr esa bysfDVªd eksfcfyVh dks c<+kok fn;k gSA ctkt vkSj
Vhoh,l us igys gh vius bZoh dks cktkj esa y‚Up dj fn;k gS vkSj rhljk czkM
a tks
Hkkjr esa bysfDVªd okgu y‚Up djus tk jgk gS] og ghjks eksVksd‚iZ gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 26

 vè;k; 3

vuqlUèkku js[kk

3.1 leL;k dk fooj.k

;g vè;;u gksaMk Vw&Oghyj LdwVjksa ds çfr xzkgdksa dh larqf"V ij vkèkkfjr gSA

p;fur fo"k; esa gksaMk ij xzkgdksa dh larqf"V ij çR;{k çHkko Mkyus okys fofHkUu
dkjdksa vkSj lacaèkksa dh foLr`r :ijs[kk nh xbZ gSA

3.2 vè;;u dh vko';drk

laxBu dh o`f) vkSj lQyrk foi.ku j.kuhfr ds Lrj ij fuHkZj djrh gSA blfy,]
xq.koÙkkiw.kZ xzkgd lsok çnku djds xzkgdksa dks larq"V djuk vko';d gSA bl vkèkqfud
nqfu;k esa] ge fiu ls ysdj Iysu rd lHkh m|ksxksa esa rhoz çfrLièkkZ dks ns[k ldrs gSaA
xzkgdksa ds Lokn] çkFkfedrk,a cgqr xfr'khy gSa os fdlh Hkh le; cny ldrs gSa] os
ges'kk mUur vkSj v|ru mRiknksa vkSj lsokvksa dh ryk'k esa jgrs gSaA xzkgdksa dks cuk,
j[kuk gjD;wfyl dk dke jgk gSA blfy, ,d çHkkoh xzkgd larqf"V MsVk vko';d gSA

Hkkjr esa gksM

a k Vw Oghyj LdwVj dk cktkj yxHkx vPNh rjg ls LFkkfir gSA blfy,]
orZeku daiuh ds çHkqRo vkSj czkaM ewY; dks cuk, j[kuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS blfy, bls
orZeku xzkgd larqf"V ds lacaèk esa mfpr vkSj çHkkoh MsVk dh vko';drk gSA

3.3 vè;;u ds mís';

;sygadk ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsus ds lkFk gksaMk Vw&Oghyj LdwVj ds çfr xzkgdksa dh larqf"V
dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, vè;;u fd;k x;k gSA

 gksaMk Vw Oghyj LdwVj ds çfr xzkgdksa dh larqf"V dh igpku djus ds fy,

Ekta Yadav Page 27

  gksaMk Vw Oghyj LdwVj ds çfr orZeku xzkgd –f"Vdks.k dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds
fy,
 daiuh dks viuh fcØh vkSj ykHkçnrk esa lqèkkj ds fy, lq>ko] jk; çnku djus
ds fy,
 gksaMk Vw Oghyj LdwVj dks [kjhnus esa çHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dk irk yxkus
ds fy,

3.4 vè;;u dk nk;jk

;g vè;;u Vw Oghyj LdwVj ds xzkgdksa dh t:jrksa] QhMcSd vkSj lq>koksa dks igpkuus
vkSj ,d= djus dk ç;kl djrk gS tks daiuh dks ekStwnk xzkgdksa dks cuk, j[krs gq,
viuh fcØh vkSj ykHk esa lqèkkj djus ds fy, mi;qä j.kuhfr rS;kj djus esa enn
djsxkA ;g xzkgdksa ds fy, lqfoèkktud daiuh lsokvksa dks viMsV djds orZeku xzkgdksa
dks cuk, j[kus esa enn djrk gSA vè;;u oQknkj xzkgdksa dks mRiUu djus esa enn
djsxk] vè;;u xzkgdksa dh larqf"V ds Lrj dh igpku djrk gS] vkSj daiuh ds çfr
çfrfØ;k djrk gSA bl vè;;u ds }kjk daiuh vlarks"k iSnk djus okys fofHkUu dkjdksa
dks lekIr dj viuh [kkfe;ksa dks nwj dj ldrh gSA ;g xzkgdksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ lsok,a
çnku djds çfrLièkkZ dk lkeuk djus esa enn djrk gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 28

3.5 vuqlaèkku i)fr

3.5.1 vuqlaèkku fMtkbu

mÙkjnkrkvksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa ds :i esa o.kZukRed vè;;u nksifg;k cktkj ds ckjs esa

vè;;u fd;k x;k FkkA

3.5.2 MsVk dk lzksr

 çkFkfed MsVk

çkFkfed MsVk vuqlaèkku çfØ;k ds le; igyh ckj ,d= dh xbZ çR;{k
tkudkjh gSA çkFkfed MsVk dks O;fäxr lk{kkRdkj fofèk vkSj VsyhQksfud
lk{kkRdkj }kjk ç'ukoyh dh lgk;rk ls ,d= fd;k x;k gSA

 ekè;fed MsVk

f}rh;d MsVk lsdM

sa &gSaM tkudkjh gS tks igys ls gh fdlh ds }kjk ,d= dh
xbZ FkhA ;g çkFkfed MsVk ds foijhr gS] f}rh;d MsVk vklkuh ls miyCèk
tkudkjh gS tks fo'ks"k vè;;u ;k 'kksèk ds fy, vko';d gSA bl fo'ks"k vè;;u
esa fofHkUu lzksrksa ls f}rh;d leadksa dk ladyu fd;k x;k gSA

orZeku 'kksèk ds fy, f}rh;d vk¡dM+kas dks ,df=r djds f}rh;d vk¡dM+ksa ds çeq[k lzksr
uhps fn, x, gSaA

 fofHkUu osclkbV
 lekpkj i= dk ys[k
 'kks:e fcØh MsVk
 fofHkUu ekdZsfVax tuZy

Ekta Yadav Page 29

mijksä lHkh fofèk;ksa dks fu;ksftr djrs gq, vè;;u ds fuèkkZj.k ds fy, çkFkfed MsVk
,d= fd;k x;k gSA f}rh;d vkadM+s fofHkUu çdkf'kr lzksrksa ls ,d= fd, x, gSa]
ftudk fooj.k xzaFk lwph esa fn;k x;k gSA

3.5.3 uewuk fMtkbu

vuqlaèkku nks uewuk ;kstukvksa ds fy, fMt+kbu fd;k x;k gSA blesa rhu fMohtu gksrs
gSaA lSaifyax ;wfuV] lSaifyax lkbt vkSj lSaifyax çfØ;kA

lSaiy cukus dh çfØ;k

ge vè;;u ds fy, ;sygadk esa iwjh vkcknh dks ugha ys ldrs gSa] blfy, ml dqy
vkcknh esa dsoy 100 xzkgd Fks tks gksaMk Vw&Oghyj LdwVj dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] le;
vkSj èku dh lgefr ds fy,A

• Honda ds mi;ksxdrkZvksa dh dqy la[;k dks tula[;k dgk tkrk gS

• lef"V ls uewus ds p;u dh çfØ;k dks U;kn'kZu ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA

• dqy tula[;k ls vè;;u ds fy, fy, x, mÙkjnkrkvksa dk lewg ,d uewuk gSA

• jktk gksM
a kds lsYl yst+j dks lSaifyax Ýse ds :i esa fy;k tkrk gS

çLrqr vè;;u ds mís'; ls ljy ;k–fPNd çfrp;u dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA ,d
lkèkkj.k ;k–fPNd uewus dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd çR;sd çkFkfed bdkbZ dks
uewus esa 'kkfey gksus dk leku volj feyrk gSA

Ekta Yadav Page 30

3.6 vè;;u dh lhek,a

çeq[k dfBukb;k¡ gSa:

 O;kolkf;drk dk vHkko: ;g fo'ks"k vè;;u dh ,d çeq[k dfe;ksa esa ls ,d

gSA D;ksafd is'ksoj gels dkQh csgrj dj ldrs gSaA
 dkS'ky dh deh: lapkj tSls dqN 'kksèk dkS'ky dh deh ds dkj.k fjiksVZ dh
n{krk de gks ldrh gSA
 le; dh deh vkSj dqN lacafèkr lalkèku vçR;{k :i ls loZs{k.k çfØ;k dks
çHkkfor djrs gSaA
 lapkyu dk {ks= dsoy ;sygadk rd gh lhfer Fkk blfy, ;g dsoy ml {ks=
ij ykxw gksrk gSA
 dqN mÙkjnkrk tkudkjh lk>k djus ds fy, ek= çfrfØ;k fn[kkrs gSa
 dqN mÙkjnkrk ç'ukoyh dks fcuk i<+s gh csrjrhc <ax ls Hkj nsrs gSaA

Ekta Yadav Page 31

 vè;k; 4

vkadM+s fo'ys"k.k vkSj O;k[;k

lkjka'k

MsVk ds fo'ys"k.k dk vFkZ gS vko';d rF;ksa dh [kkst ds fy, ewy lkexzh dh leh{kk
djukA MsVk dk vè;;u ftruk laHko gks mrus –f"Vdks.kksa ls fd;k tkrk gS rkfd ;g
irk yxk;k tk lds fd 'kksèk MsVk ,d= fd;k x;k gS vkSj MsVk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS
'kksèkdrkZ O;k[;k dh vkxs c<+ ldrk gS] ;g crkrs gq, fd ifj.kke D;k fn[kkrk gSA
'kksèk MsVk dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj O;k[;k djus ls gh lkFkZd gks tkrk gSA

ifj.kkeksa vkSj fu"d"kksaZ dks fo'ys"k.k vkSj O;k[;k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fjiksVZ ds bl Hkkx esa
Vscy] pkVZ] xzkQ+ vkSj loZs{k.k ds ifj.kkeksa dk fooj.k 'kkfey gSA fo'ys"k.k fofHkUu
dkjdksa dh igpku djrk gS tks ;g fuèkkZfjr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa fd
mÙkjnkrk czkaM ij fdlh fo'ks"k mRikn ds fy, D;ksa tkrs gSaA fo'ys"k.k ,d fo'ks"k czkM
a
ds fy, tkus ds fy, cgqjk"Vªh; dkjd [kjhnus ds fu.kZ;ksa dks çHkkfor djus okys
dkj[kkuksa ds lacaèk esa Hkh fd;k x;k gSA dqN rkfydkvksa ds fy,A fu"d"kksZa dh csgrj
rjhds ls O;k[;k djus ds fy, js[kkadu dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA loZs{k.k dk mís';
gksaMk Vw&Oghyj ds çfr xzkgdksa dh larqf"V dks tkuuk FkkA xzkgd fo'ys"k.k [kir
dkjd ;k Ø; iSVuZ vkSj vU; lacafèkr igywA bu fo'ks"krkvksa ds chp lacaèk tkuus ds
fy, mÙkjnkrkvksa ds O;olk;] vk; dks Hkh ntZ fd;k tkrk gS

Ekta Yadav Page 32

 1. jktk gksM
a k esa 2017 ls 2020 rd efgyk ,oa iq#"kksa ds fy, [kjhnh
Vw&Oghyj dk vuqikr

fyax vuqikr çfr'kr

iq#"k 2017-18 78 78
2018-19 87 87
2019-20 65 65
2020-21 67 67
Ekfgyk 2017-18 22 22
2018-19 13 13
2019-20 35 35
2020-21 32 32

iq#"kksa efgyk

87
78

65 67

35
32
22
13

2018-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

Ekta Yadav Page 33

 2. jktk gksM
a k esa 2017 ls 2020 rd vk;q oxZ ds fy, [kjhnh Vw&Oghyj
dk vuqikr

vk;q oxZ vuqikr çfr'kr

20 lky ls de 2017-18 10 10
2018-19 12 12
2019-20 23 23
2020-21 17 17
20 ls 30 o"kZ 2017-18 82 82
2018-19 75 75
2019-20 65 65
2020-21 65 65
30 lky ls Åij 2017-18 8 8
2018-19 14 14
2019-20 12 12
2020-21 14 14

Ekta Yadav Page 34

 20 lky ls de 20 ls 30 o"kZ 30 lky ls Åij
82
75

65 65

23
17
12 14 12 14
10 8

2018-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

3. jktk gksM
a k esa 2017 ls 2020 rd udn/ekfld fdLr ls [kjhnh
Vw&Oghyj

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

Ukdn 5478 4785 3548 6879
ekfld fdLr 7489 7458 7485 9564

Ekta Yadav Page 35

 Ukdn ekfld fdLr

9564

7489 7458 7485

6879

5478
4785
3548

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

4. jktk gksM
a k esa 2017 ls 2020 rd ekfld fdLr ls [kjhnh Vw&Oghyj
okyks dh ekfld vk;

12000rs 12000rs - 18000rs- 29,000 rs

#i;s ls de 18000rs 26000 rs
2017-18 1759 2356 2475 899
2018-19 1657 2120 2147 1561
2019-20 1648 2194 2365 1278
2020-21 2149 2453 2314 2648

Ekta Yadav Page 36

 12000rs #i;s ls de 12000rs -18000rs 18000rs-26000 rs 29,000 rs

2648
2475 2453
2356 2365 2314
2120 2147 2194 2149

1759
1657 1648
1561
1278

899

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

5. gksM
a k Vw&Oghyj [kjhnus ds fy, xzkgd ds foÙk dk lzksr

cSad _.k foÙk daiuh foÙk daiuh dksbZ nwljk

2017-18 1457 2456 2547 1230
2018-19 1748 1957 2457 1647
2019-20 1648 2194 2365 1278
2020-21 2149 2453 2314 2648

Ekta Yadav Page 37

 cSad _.k foÙk daiuh foÙk daiuh2 dksbZ nwljk

2648
2547
2456 2457 2453
2365 2314
2194 2149
1957
1748
1647 1648
1457
1230 1278

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

6. gksM
a k dh dher ds ckjs esa xzkgd jk;

fooj.k mÙkjnkrkvksa dh çfr'kr

la[;k
yk;d 60 60%
;Fkksfpr 30 30%
de 0 0%
mPp 10 10%
laiw.kZ 100 100%

Ekta Yadav Page 38

fo'ys"k.k:

100 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 60 mÙkjnkrkvksa dh jk; gS fd dher ewY; gS] 30 mÙkjnkrkvksa

dh jk; gS fd os mfpr gSa] muesa ls fdlh dh Hkh jk; de ugha gS vkSj 'ks"k 10
mÙkjnkrkvksa dh jk; gS fd dher cgqr vfèkd gSA

0%
10%

30% yk;d
60% ;Fkksfpr
de
mPp

7. gksM
a k dh fo'ks"krkvksa ds ckjs esa xzkgd dh jk;

fooj.k mÙkjnkrkvksa çfr'kr

dh la[;k
larq"V 42 42%
cgqr larq"V 37 37%
dqN & dqN larq"V 18 18%
vlarq"V 3 3%
laiw.kZ 100 100%

Ekta Yadav Page 39

fo'ys"k.k:

100 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls vfèkdka'k mÙkjnkrk gksaMk dh orZeku fo'ks"krkvksa ls larq"V gSaA
vkSj 18 mÙkjnkrk dqN gn rd larq"V gSaA

Sales
larq"V cgqr larq"V dqN & dqN larq"V vlar"q V
3%

18%
42%

37%

8. gksM
a k ds lexz çn'kZu ds vkèkkj ij xzkgdksa dh jk;

fooj.k mÙkjnkrkvksa çfr'kr

dh la[;k
mR—"V 46 46%
vPNk cgqr 28 28%
vPNk 21 21%
vkSlr 3 3%
vkSlr ls de 2 2%
laiw.kZ 100 100%

Ekta Yadav Page 40

fo'ys"k.k:

100 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls] gksaMk Vw&Oghyj ds lexz çn'kZu ds ckjs esa 46 çfroknh dh jk;
mR—"V gS] 28 çfrokfn;ksa dh jk; gS fd bldk lexz çn'kZu cgqr vPNk gS] 21
mÙkjnkrkvksa us dgk fd bldk lexz çn'kZu vPNk gS] 3 mÙkjnkrkvksa us dgk fd bldk
lexz çn'kZu vkSlr gS vkSj 'ks"k 2 mÙkjnkrkvksa us dgk fd bldk lexz çn'kZu vkSlr
ls de gSA

mR—"V vki cgqr vPNk vkSlr vkSlr ls de

3% 2%

21%
46%

28%

9. fcØh ds ckn lsok ds ckjs esa xzkgdksa dh jk;

fooj.k mÙkjnkrkvksa dh çfr'kr

la[;k
vR;fèkd larq"V 41 41%
larq"V 28 28%
vkSlr 25 25%
vlarq"V 6 6%
laiw.kZ 100 100%

Ekta Yadav Page 41

 vR;fèkd larq"V larq"V vkSlr vlarq"V

6%
25% 41%

28%

10. vkius gksM

a k Vw&Oghyj dk okgu D;ksa [kjhnk

fooj.k mÙkjnkrkvksa dh çfr'kr

la[;k
okgu mifLFkfr 38 25.33%
okgu mifLFkfr 18 12%
bZaèku dh vFkZO;oLFkk 45 30%
vklku j[kj[kko 37 24.67%
vU; 12 8%
laiw.kZ 150 100%

Ekta Yadav Page 42

 vU; 8

vklku j[kj[kko 24.67

bZaèku dh vFkZO;oLFkk 30

okgu mifLFkfr 12

okgu mifLFkfr 25.33

O;k[;k:

mijksä xzkQ dgrk gS fd 8% mÙkjnkrkvksa us vU; dkj.kksa ls okgu [kjhnk]

mÙkjnkrkvksa ds 12% us de ykxr ewY; ds fy, okgu [kjhnk] 24.67% mÙkjnkrkvksa
us de j[kj[kko ds fy, okgu [kjhnk] 25.33% mÙkjnkrkvksa us okgu [kjhnkA viuh
mifLFkfr ds fy, okgu] mÙkjnkrkvksa ds 30% us bZaèku vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, okgu
[kjhnkA

11. ftUgksua s vkidks u, e‚My ds ckjs esa tkudkjh çnku dh

fooj.k mÙkjnkrkvksa dh la[;k çfr'kr

nksLr vkSj fj'rsnkj 57 38%
gksfMZax 19 12.67%
foKkiu 52 34.67%
vU; 22 14.67%
laiw.kZ 150 100%

Ekta Yadav Page 43

vuqeku:

mijksä vkadM+ksa ls] 38% mÙkjnkrkvksa dks nksLrksa vkSj fj'rsnkjksa ls okgu ds u, e‚My ds
ckjs esa tkudkjh feyh] 12-67% mÙkjnkrkvksa us gksfMZax ds ekè;e ls u, e‚My ds ckjs esa
tkudkjh çkIr dhA

nksLr vkSj fj'rsnkj gksfMZax foKkiu vU;

15%
38%

34%

13%

12. D;k vki ekSleh NwV vkfn tSls çpkj çLrkoksa ls larq"V gSa\

fooj.k mÙkjnkrkvksa dh la[;k çfr'kr

vR;fèkd larq"V 27 18%
larq"V 70 46.67%
rVLFk 21 14%
vlarq"V 25 16.67%
vR;fèkd vlarq"V 07 4.67%
laiw.kZ 150 100%

Ekta Yadav Page 44

 vR;fèkd larq"V larq"V rVLFk vlar"q V vR;fèkd vlarq"V

5% 18%
17%

14%

46%

13. gksM
a k ds xSj&fx;j okgu dk uke fufnZ"V djsa ftldk vkius
mi;ksx fd;k gSA

Activa 82
Dio 28
Aviator 45
Activa 3G 26
Activa i 19

Ekta Yadav Page 45

 Activa i 19

Activa 3G 26

Aviator 45

Dio 28

Activa 82

vuqeku:

MsVk fo'ys"k.k ds vkèkkj ij] ge O;k[;k djrs gSa fd lfØ; e‚My dk mi;ksx djus
okys vfèkdka'k xzkgd çn'kZu ds dkj.k 200 esa ls 82 gSaA vkSj 200 esa ls dsoy 19 vkSj
26 xzkgd Øe'k% ,fDVok I vkSj ,fDVok 3G dk mi;ksx dj jgs gSaA

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 vè;k; 5

fu"d"kZ] lq>ko vkSj fu"d"kZ

5.1 fu"d"kZ

 dqy mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls yxHkx 72% iq#"k gSa

 dqy mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls yxHkx 77% la;qä jk"Vª fookfgr Fks
 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 82% 30 o"kZ ls de mez ds ;qok Fks
 yxHkx 38 mÙkjnkrk Lukrd Fks vkSj muesa ls 25 LukrdksÙkj Fks
 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls vfèkdka'k Nk= Fks ¼67%½
 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls vfèkdka'k Nk= Fks blfy, mudh ekfld vk; dsoy 12,000
ls de Fkh
 dqy mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 39% us vius nksLrksa vkSj fj'rsnkjksa ls gksaMk Vw&Oghyj
ds ckjs esa tkx:drk çkIr dhA ;g dqN [kjhnus dh flQkfj'k ds çHkqRo dks
n'kkZrk gS
 mÙkjnkrkvksa dks Vsyhfotu ¼40%½ ds ekè;e ls fM;ks ds ckjs esa irk pyk vkSj
yxHkx 35% vU; lzksrksa ls Fks
 ;g ik;k x;k fd fiNys o"kZ ls fM;ks dk mi;ksx djus okys 48% mÙkjnkrkvksa
vkSj fiNys nks o"kksZa ls 32% mÙkjnkrkvksa us mi;ksx fd;kA
 gksaMk Vw&Oghyj dh czkM
a Nfo vkSj bZaèku n{krk ls çHkkfor mÙkjnkrk Øe'k%
39% vkSj 25%
 dqy mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 47% us Lo&foÙkiks"k.k }kjk viuk Dio [kjhnk
 60 mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls vfèkdka'k dks yxrk gS fd gksaMk dh dher iSls ds yk;d
gS
 52% mÙkjnkrk vius fM;ks dk mi;ksx vius dkfeZd mís'; ds fy, djrs gSa

Ekta Yadav Page 47

  dqy mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls dsoy 3% LdwVj dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls vlarq"V Fks ysfdu
42% larq"V Fks
 dqy mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls dsoy 4% fidvi ls vlarq"V Fks ysfdu muesa ls 44%
dks mR—"V ds :i esa ntkZ fn;k x;k Fkk
 47% mÙkjnkrkvksa us fM;ks dh jksM fxzi dks mR—"V ds :i esa ntkZ fn;k] ysfdu
dsoy 2% us fnokfy;k ds :i esa ewY;kadu fd;k
 71% mÙkjnkrkvksa us gksaMk Vw&Oghyj dh mifLFkfr dks 'kkunkj vkSj muesa ls
25% us 'kkunkj ds :i esa ewY;kadu fd;k
 59 çfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us gksaMk Vw&Oghyj ds jkbfMax dEQVZ dks csgrj crk;k
vkSj muesa ls dsoy 6% us [kjkc ds :i esa ewY;kadu fd;kA
 vfèkdka'k mÙkjnkrkvksa dks Dios 'kSyh ls I;kj gks tkrk gS vkSj ,slk yxrk gS fd
muesa ls 38% us bldh 'kSyh ds fy, ernku fd;k
 dsoy 4% mÙkjnkrk vHkh Hkh çn'kZu ls larq"V ugha Fks ysfdu 48% mÙkjnkrkvksa
dks mR—"V ds :i esa ntkZ fn;k x;k Fkk
 dqy mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls 48% gksaMk Vw&Oghyj ls vR;fèkd larq"V Fks ysfdu
muesa ls dsoy 3 vlarq"V Fks
 41 mÙkjnkrk gksM
a k }kjk çnku dh tkus okyh fcØh ds ckn dh lsok ls dkQh
larq"V Fks
 35% mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls vfèkdka'k nwljksa dks –<+rk ls vuq'kalk djsx
a s ysfdu
muesa ls 10 ugha FksA

Ekta Yadav Page 48

5.2 lq>ko

 Mhyj dks udn [kjhn ij NwV çnku djuk vko';d gSA daiuh@'kks:e cqfdax
ds le; Nk=ksa dks fo'ks"k v‚Qj ns ldrh gSA
 xzkgdksa dks çHkkfor djus ds fy, daiuh dks fcØh ds ckn dh lsokvksa dh xq.koÙkk
cuk, j[kuh pkfg,
 daiuh dks orZeku xzkgdksa dks tUefnu] lkyfxjg dh 'kqHkdkeuk,a Hkstus tSlh
euksoSKkfud fjVsu rduhd 'kq: djuh gksxhA
 daiuh dks Mhyj dks dqN çLrko nsus dk Hkh ç;kl djuk pkfg, rkfd gksaMk
Vw&Oghyj mRiknksa dks cspus esa mudh n{krk esa lqèkkj gks tks vU; daifu;ka Hkh
vius Mhyj dks nsrh gSaA
 pwfa d Vsyhfotu foKkiu ds fy, vke ehfM;k gS blfy, LFkkuh; flVh dscy ij
yxkrkj foKkiu fn[kk, tkus pkfg,A
 daiuh dks Dyp IysV ekdZ tSls dqN fgLlksa ds fy, okjaVh nsuh pkfg,A
 Mhyj dh çpkj j.kuhfr dks d‚ystksa esa VsLV jkbM vkSj Mk;jh isu] cSx vkfn
tSls dqN fo'ks"k migkjksa ds ckn çnku djuk pkfg,A
 Mhyj dks gksaMk Vw&Oghyj LiksVZ ds lHkh jaxksa dks gj le; cuk, j[kuk
vko';d gS vkSj ;g xzkgdksa ds fy, miyCèk gSA
 u, e‚My ds lkFk LdwVj ds fofHkUu jaxksa ds lkFk vkus ds fy,A
 Honda daiuh dks LdwVj dh jhlsy oSY;w ysuh pkfg,
 lHkh Lis;lZ] ,Dlsljht lfoZl LVs'kuksa ij mfpr le; ij miyCèk gksuh pkfg,A
 csgrj lM+d vkSj lqjf{kr Mªkbfoax ds fy, ifg;ksa ds fMtkbu esa lqèkkj djukA

Ekta Yadav Page 49

5.3 fu"d"kZ

uokx<+ uxjh; 'kgj gS tgka v‚VkseksfVo vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx ds fy, gj fnu
gtkjksa nksifg;k okgu [kjhns vkSj csps tkrs gSaA gksaMk dks xzkgdksa ls lHkh ldkjkRed
çfrfØ;k,a feyha] bldh ;w,u chVscy LVkby vkSj ;ksX; dher us bls pje ij igqapk
fn;kA Honda ds vfèkdka'k mi;ksxdrkZ ;qok gSa blfy, ge bls ;qokvksa dk ilanhnk
dg ldrs gSaA

bl {ks= ds xzkgd viuh ykbQLVkby ds fglkc ls LdwVj pqurs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,]
xzkgdksa dks dbZ VªSfQd flXuy vkSj VªSfQd tke ls xqtjuk iM+rk Fkk] blfy, bl
çdkj dh fLFkfr esa LdwVj LdwVj dh rqyuk esa dkQh csgrj gksrk gS blfy, csx
a yq# esa
LdwVj dh ges'kk vfèkd ekax jgrh gSA blus bl cktkj esa Qyus&Qwyus ds fy, ns'k
Hkj esa miyCèk LdwVjksa dh ,d ubZ fdLe ds ços'k dks c<+kok fn;k gSA blus eksVj okgu
cktkj esa çfrLièkkZ dks c<+k;k gS ysfdu gksaMk daiuh us Hkkjrh; cktkj esa ubZ gksaMk
Vw&Oghyj dks y‚Up djds cktkj fgLlsnkjh dks mPpre jsfVax nsdj bl çfr;ksfxrk esa
[kM+k fd;kA vkSj viuh czkM
a best dks cjdjkj j[ks gq, gSA fd, x, loZs{k.k ds
ifj.kkeksa ls irk pyk fd vfèkdka'k xzkgd gksaMk Vw&Oghyj ls larq"V gSaA ;g xzkgdksa dh
lHkh t:jrksa vkSj vis{kkvksa dks iwjk djrk gSA var esa] eSa ;g fu"d"kZ fudkywx
a k fd gksaMk
Vw&Oghyj vfèkd vkd"kZd gSA vfèkd ifj"—r vkSj vfèkd mi;ksxdrkZ ds vuqdwy]
d‚EiSDV LdwVj Js.kh esa fdlh Hkh pht+ dh rqyuk esa Mªkbo djuk cgqr lq[kn gSA

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