Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs

(H)= Duo`hgobs. Dgrljs cb

j``bsg. Qrglg`hðo hotbroj.
Jcquhsh`hðo y pèrchcj cb fj
`goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhgs.
Fj rbejkhfhtj`hðo.
Cbrb`egs, cbkbrbs b
ho`glpjthkhfhcjcbs. Mgrojcj
y egrjrhgs. Tj`j`hgobs,
pbrlhsgs y fh`bo`hjs

SBLJ :3 [BDB[BO@HJP FBNHPFJSHTJP

@gosthtu`hðo Bspjúgfj, cb ;> cb ch`hblkrb cb :8>5, `uyj ýfthlj lgchdh`j`hðo
sb ej prgcu`hcg pgr [bdgrlj cbf jrtì`ufg :02, cb ;> cb sbpthblkrb cb ;1::
Fby Grnêoh`j 4/:852, cb : cb mufhg, cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf, `uyj ýfthlj lgch-
 dh`j`hðo
 dh`j` hðo sb ej prgcu`
prgcu`hcg
hcg pgr Fby Grnêoh
Grnêoh`j
`j :0/;1
:0/;1:2,
:2, cb 2 cb g`tukr
g`tukrb,
b, cb
lgchdh`j`hðo cb fj Fby cb Bomuh`hjlhbotg @rhlhojf pjrj bf dgrtjfb`hlhbotg
cb fjs njrjotìjs prg`bsjfbs y fj rbnufj`hðo cb fjs lbchcjs cb hovbsthnj`hðo
tb`ogfðnh`j
[bjf Cb`rbtg Fbnhsfjthvg 2/;1:2, cb 01 cb g`tukrb, pgr bf qub sb jprubkj bf
tbxtg rbduochcg cb fj Fby cbf Bstjtutg Kêsh`g cbf Blpfbjcg Qýkfh`g

GKMBSHTGP
Bstuchjr fjs dgrljs cb j``bsg j fj duo`hðo pýkfh`j
@gog`br fgs rbquhshtgs pjrj fj prglg`hðo hotbroj
Bstuchjr fgs cbrb`egs, cbkbrbs b ho`glpjthkhfhcjcbs cb fgs duo`hg-
ojrhgs pýkfh`gs
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

:. FGP @RB[QGP NBOB[JFBP (H)= DRO@HGOBP

:.: Bf @ubrpg cb Nbsthðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohstrjthvj

@grrbspgocb jf @ubrpg cb Nbsthðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohstrjthvj `gfjkgrjr bo fj j`thvhcjc prg`bsjf cb
ohvbf supbrhgr, jsì `glg fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb tjrbjs prg`bsjfbs prgphjs.
@go `jrê`tbr nbobrjf y kjmg bf prho`hphg cb mbrjrquìj, y sho pbrmuh`hg cb fjs duo`hgobs `go`rbtjs cbf
pubstg cb trjkjmg qub cbsblpbúbo, fb `grrbspgocb=
j) Nbsthgojr fj trjlhtj`hðo cb fgs prg`bchlhbotgs,
prg`bchlhbotgs, cb fj qub cjrê `ubotj jf Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj-
`hðo cb Musth`hj, bo pjrth`ufjr `ujocg cbtbrlhojcgs jspb`tgs bxhmjo uoj hotbrprbtj`hðo cb fby g cb
ogrljs prg`bsjfbs, sho pbrmuh`hg cb hodgrljr jf thtufjr cbf ðrnjog much`hjf `ujocg dubrj rbqubrhcg
pjrj bffg.
 k) Qrj`th`jr y dhrljr fjs `glpjrb`bo`hjs qub bdb`týbo fjs pjrtbs bo rbfj`hðo `go fgs prg`bchlhbotgs
qub sb shnjo bo bf ðrnjog much`hjf, rbspb`tg j fjs `ujfbs tbocrê `jpj`hcjc cb `brthdh`j`hðo.
`) Cg`ulbotjr fgs blkjrngs, fjozjlhbotgs y cblês j`tgs `uyj ojturjfbzj fg rbquhbrj, `go bf `jrê`tbr
`jrê`tbr
y rbprbsbotj`hðo qub fb jtrhkuyjo fjs fbybs, sjfvg qub bf Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj
`goshcbrb ob`bsjrhj su hotbrvbo`hðo, gstbotjocg bo ch`egs j`tgs fj `goshcbrj`hðo cb jnbotb cb fj
jutgrhcjc.
c) Bxtbocbr fjs ogtjs qub tbonjo pgr gkmbtg uohr jf prg`bchlhbotg cjtgs g bfblbotgs qub og `gosth-
tuyjo prubkj bo bf lhslg, j dho cb njrjothzjr su cbkhcj `gostjo`hj y pgstbrhgr trjlhtj`hðo, cjocg
`ubotj cb bffg, j tjf bdb`tg, j fj jutgrhcjc supbrhgr, jsì `glg bfjkgrjr ogtjs, qub pgcrêo sbr cb rbdb-
rbo`hj, cb rbsulbo cb fgs jutgs y cb bxjlbo cbf trêlhtb j qub sb rbdhbrjo.
b) [bjfhzjr fjs tjrbjs cb rbnhstrg, rb`bp`hðo y chstrhku`hðo cb bs`rhtgs y cg`ulbotgs,
cg`ulbotgs, rbfjthvgs j jsuo-
tgs qub sb bstuvhbrjo trjlhtjocg bo Muznjcgs y Srhkuojfbs.
d) Bxpbchr, `go `gog`hlhbotg cbf Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo
Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj, y j `gstj cbf hotbrbsjcg,
`gphjs shlpfbs cb bs`rhtgs y cg`ulbotgs qub `gostbo bo jutgs og cb`fjrjcgs sb`rbtgs oh rbsbrvjcgs.
n) G`upjr, cb j`ubrcg `go fg bstjkfb`hcg bo fjs rbfj`hgobs cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg,
trjkjmg, fjs mbdjturjs bo qub sb
bstru`turjo fjs uohcjcbs cb jpgyg chrb`tg y sbrvh`hgs `gluobs prg`bsjfbs, bo fjs qub, sho pbrmuh`hg
cb rbjfhzjr fjs duo`hgobs jshnojcjs jf pubstg `go`rbtg, nbsthgojrêo fj chstrhku`hðo cb fjs tjrbjs cbf
pbrsgojf, rbspgochbocg cbf cbsjrrgffg cb fjs lhsljs.
e) @gfjkgrjr `go fgs ðrnjogs `glpbtbotbs bo ljtbrhj cb nbsthðo jclhohstrjthvj, cbsblpbújocg
duo`hgobs rbfjthvjs j fj nbsthðo cbf pbrsgojf y lbchgs ljtbrhjfbs cb fj uohcjc cb fj Gdh`hoj much`hjf
bo qub sb prbstbo fgs sbrvh`hgs, shblprb qub ch`ejs duo`hgobs bstèo `gotblpfjcjs bxprbsjlbotb bo
fj cbs`rhp`hðo qub fj rbfj`hðo cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg bdb`týb cbf pubstg cb trjkjmg.
h) Cbsblpbújr fj Pb`rbtjrìj cb fj Gdh`hoj much`hjf cb fjs Jnrupj`hgobs cb Pb`rbtjrìjs cb Muznjcgs cb
Qjz, cb Muznjcgs cb Qjz cb lês cb >.111 ejkhtjotbs y cb Muznjcgs cb Qjz cb lbogs cb >.111 ejkh-
tjotbs bo fgs qub fj `jrnj cb trjkjmg musthdhqub su bstjkfb`hlhbotg, jsì `glg fgs rbstjotbs pubstgs cb
trjkjmg cb fgs `htjcgs `botrgs cb cbsthog jcs`rhtgs jf @ubrpg cb Nbsthðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohstrjthvj,
tgcg bffg cb `godgrlhcjc `go fg qub sb cbtbrlhob bo fjs `grrbspgochbotbs rbfj`hgobs cb pubstgs cb
trjkjmg, jsì `glg cbsblpbújr pubstgs cb fjs uohcjcbs jclhohstrjthvjs, `ujocg fjs rbfj`hgobs cb
pubstgs cb trjkjmg cb fjs `htjcjs uohcjcbs jsì fg bstjkfbz`jo, shblprb qub sb rbýojo fgs rbquhshtgs
cb `gog`hlhbotg y prbpjrj`hðo bxhnhcgs pjrj su cbsblpbúg.
 m) [bjfhzjr `ujotjs duo`hgobs pubcjo jsulhr bo grcbo j fj prgtb``hðo y jpgyg
jpgyg j fjs vì`thljs, jsì `glg
cb jpgyg j j`tuj`hgobs cb musth`hj rbstjurjthvj y cb sgfu`hðo bxtrjprg`bsjf.

2:1   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

i) [bjfhzjr tgcjs jqubffjs duo`hgobs qub fbnjf g rbnfjlbotjrhjlb

rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb
otb sb bstjkfbz`jo y `ujfbsquhbrj
gtrjs duo`hgobs cb ojturjfbzj joêfgnj j fjs jotbrhgrbs qub, hoebrbotbs jf pubstg cb trjkjmg qub sb
cbsblpbúb, sbjo bo`glbocjcjs pgr fgs supbrhgrbs mbrêrquh`gs, grnêoh`gs g duo`hgojfbs, bo bf bmbr`h -
`hg cb sus `glpbtbo`hjs.
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs cbf @ubrpg cb Nbsthðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohstrjthvj pgcrêo sbr oglkrjcgs Fbtrjcgs
cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj susthtutgs, shblprb qub sb rbýojo fgs rbquhshtgs cb thtufj`hðo y cblês
bxhnhcgs, y `godgrlb jf prg`bchlhbotg y `go fj rbtrhku`hðo qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb bstjkfbz`j.

:.; Bf @ubrpg cb Srjlhtj`hðo

Srjlhtj`hðo Qrg`bsjf
@grrbspgocb `go `jrê`tbr nbobrjf jf @ubrpg cb Srjlhtj`hðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohstrjthvj fj rbjfhzj`hðo
cb `ujotjs j`thvhcjcbs tbonjo `jrê`tbr cb jpgyg j fj nbsthðo prg`bsjf, sbnýo bf ohvbf cb bspb`hjfhzj`hðo
cbf pubstg cbsblpbújcg, kjmg bf prho`hphg cb mbrjrquìj y cb `godgrlhcjc `go fg bstjkfb`hcg bo fjs rbfj-
`hgobs cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg.
Pho pbrmuh`hg cb fjs duo`hgobs `go`rbtjs cbf pubstg cb trjkjmg qub cbsblpbúbo, fb `grrbspgocb=
j) Fj trjlhtj`hðo nbobrjf cb fgs prg`bchlhbotgs, lbchjotb bf blpfbg cb fgs lbchgs lb`êoh`gs u
gdhlêth`gs qub `grrbspgocj, pjrj fg `ujf `godb``hgojrê `ujotgs cg`ulbotgs, j`tjs, chfhnbo`hjs, ogth-
dh`j`hgobs y gtrgs fb sbjo bo`glbocjcgs, jsì `glg `gphjs cb cg`ulbotgs y uohðo cb fgs lhslgs j
fgs bxpbchbotbs.
 k) Bf rbnhstrg y fj `fjshdh`j`hðo cb fj `grrbspgocbo`hj.
`) Fj dgrlj`hðo cb jutgs y bxpbchbotbs, kjmg fj supbrvhshðo
supbrvhshðo cbf supbrhgr mbrêrquh`g.
c) Fj `godb``hðo cb fjs `ècufjs pbrthobotbs pjrj fj prê`th`j cb fgs j`tgs cb `gluoh`j`hðo
`gluoh`j`hðo qub eukhbrjo
cb rbjfhzjrsb.
b) Bf cbsblpbúg cb jqubffjs mbdjturjs qub bo fjs
fjs rbfj`hgobs cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg cb fj Gdh`hoj much`hjf
bstèo jshnojcjs j bstb @ubrpg, bo fj dgrlj y `goch`hgobs qub bo fjs lhsljs sb bstjkfbz`jo.
d) Fj pgshkhfhcjc cb g`upjr
g`upjr pubstgs cb fjs uohcjcbs jclhohstrjthvjs, shblprb qub sb rbýojo fgs rbquh-
shtgs y `gog`hlhbotgs ob`bsjrhgs bxhnhcgs pjrj su cbsblpbúg bo fjs rbfj`hgobs cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg
cb fjs lhsljs.
n) @ujotjs duo`hgobs pubcjo jsulhr bo grcbo j fj prgtb``hðo y jpgyg j fjs vì`thljs, jsì `glg cb
jpgyg j j`tuj`hgobs cb musth`hj rbstjurjthvj y cb sgfu`hðo bxtrjprg`bsjf.
e) Fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb tgcjs jqubffjs duo`hgobs qub fbnjf g rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb bstjkfbz`jo y cb
`ujfbsquhbrj gtrjs duo`hgobs cb ojturjfbzj joêfgnj j fjs jotbrhgrbs qub, hoebrbotbs jf pubstg cb
trjkjmg qub sb cbsblpbúb, sbjo bo`glbocjcjs pgr fgs supbrhgrbs mbrêrquh`gs, grnêoh`gs g duo`hgoj-
fbs, bo bf bmbr`h`hg cb sus `glpbtbo`hjs.

:.0 Bf @ubrpg
@ubrpg cb Juxhfhg Much`hjf
Much`hjf
@grrbspgocb jf @ubrpg cb Juxhfhg Much`hjf `go `jrê`tbr nbobrjf, kjmg bf prho`hphg cb mbrjrquìj y cb
j`ubrcg `go fg bstjkfb`hcg bo fjs rbfj`hgobs cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg, fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb `ujotjs tjrbjs
tbonjo `jrê`tbr cb juxhfhg j fj j`thvhcjc cb fgs ðrnjogs much`hjfbs.
Jshlhslg, y botrb gtrjs duo`hgobs, fb `grrbspgocbrê=
j) Fj prê`th`j cb fgs j`tgs cb `gluoh`j`hðo
`gluoh`j`hðo qub `goshstjo bo ogthdh`j`hgobs, `htj`hgobs,
`htj`hgobs, blpfjzjlhbo-
tgs y rbqubrhlhbotgs, bo fj dgrlj prbvhstj bo fjs fbybs prg`bsjfbs, j `uyg bdb`tg gstbotjrê `jpj`hcjc
cb `brthdh`j`hðo y chspgocrê cb fjs `rbcbo`hjfbs ob`bsjrhjs.

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2::
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3
 
[b`ubrcb
@grrbspgocb jf @ubrpg cb
Nbsthðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohs-
trjthvj, `gfjkgrjr bo fj j`thvh-
cjc prg`bsjf cb ohvbf supb-
rhgr, jsì `glg fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb
tjrbjs prg`bsjfbs prgphjs.
@grrbspgocb jf @ubrpg cb
Srjlhtj`hðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclh-
ohstrjthvj fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb
`ujotjs j`thvhcjcbs tbonjo
`jrê`tbr cb jpgyg j fj nbsthðo
prg`bsjf, sbnýo bf ohvbf cb
bspb`hjfhzj`hðo cbf pubstg
cbsblpbújcg.
@grrbspgocb jf @ubrpg cb
Juxhfhg Much`hjf fj rbjfhzj-
`hðo cb `ujotjs tjrbjs tbonjo
`jrê`tbr cb juxhfhg j fj j`thvh-
cjc cb fgs ðrnjogs much`hjfbs.
2:;
k) @glg jnbotb cb fj jutgrhcj
jutgrhcjc,
c, prg`bcb
prg`bcbrr j fj bmb`u`h
bmb`u`hðo
ðo cb
blkjrngs, fjozjlhbotgs y cblês j`tgs `uyj ojturjfbzj fg
rbquhbrj, `go bf `jrê`tbr y rbprbsbotj`hðo qub fb jtrhkuyjo
fjs fbybs.
`) J`tujr `glg Qgfh`ìj Much`hjf `go
`go bf `jrê`tbr cb jnbotb cb fj
jutgrhcjc, sho pbrmuh`hg cb fjs duo`hgobs qub, bo fj jvbrhnuj-
`hðo cb fgs cbfhtgs y bo bf cbs`ukrhlhbotg y jsbnurjlhbotg
cb fgs cbfho`ubotbs, `glpbtbo j fgs lhblkrgs cb fjs Dubrzjs
y @ubrpgs cb Pbnurhcjc.
c) [bjfhzjr duo`hgobs cb jr`ehvg cb jutgs y bxpbchbotbs much-
`hjfbs, kjmg fj supbrvhshðo cbf Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo
cb Musth`hj.
b) Tbfjr pgr fjs `goch`hgobs cb uthfhzj`hðo
uthfhzj`hðo cb fjs sjfjs cb vhstjs
y ljotbobr bf grcbo bo fjs lhsljs.
d) @glprgkjr qub fgs lbchgs tè`oh`gs ob`bsjrhgs pjrj bf
prg`bsg much`hjf sb bo`ubotrbo bo `goch`hgobs cb uthfhzj`hðo,
rbquhrhbocg, bo su `jsg, fj prbsbo`hj cb fgs sbrvh`hgs tè`oh`gs
qub `grrbspgocjo, pjrj pbrlhthr bf jcb`ujcg duo`hgoj-
lhbotg cb ch`egs chspgshthvgs, pgohbocg bo `gog`hlhbotg
cbf Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj fjs jogljfìjs
cbtb`tjcjs qub puchbrjo hlpbchr fj `bfbkrj`hðo cb j`tgs
prg`bsjfbs.
n) Bf cbsblpbúg cb jqubffjs mbdjturjs qub bo fjs
fjs rbfj`hgobs cb
pubstgs cb trjkjmg cb fj Gdh`hoj much`hjf bstèo jshnojcjs j
bstb `ubrpg, bo fj dgrlj y `goch`hgobs qub bo fjs lhsljs sb
bstjkfbz`jo.
e) Fj pgshkhfhcjc cb g`upjr pubstgs cb fjs uohcjcbs jclhohs-
trjthvjs, shblprb qub sb rbýojo fgs rbquhshtgs y `gog`hlhbo-
tgs bxhnhcgs pjrj su cbsblpbúg bo fjs rbfj`hgobs cb pubstgs
cb trjkjmg bo fjs lhsljs.
h) Fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb tgcjs jqubffjs duo`hgobs qub fbnjf g rbnfj-
lbotjrhjlbotb sb bstjkfbz`jo y cb `ujfbsquhbrj gtrjs
duo`hgobs cb ojturjfbzj joêfgnj j tgcjs fjs jotbrhgrbs qub,
hoebrbotbs jf pubstg cb trjkjmg qub sb cbsblpbúb, sbjo
bo`glbocjcjs pgr fgs supbrhgrbs mbrêrquh`gs, grnêoh`gs g
duo`hgojfbs, bo bf bmbr`h`hg cb sus `glpbtbo`hjs.
;. DG[LJP CB J@@BPG
;.: Gdbrtj cb blpfbg pýkfh`g
Fjs ob`bshcjcbs cb rb`ursgs euljogs `go jshnoj`hðo prbsu-
pubstjrhj sbrêo gkmbtg cb uoj ýoh`j gdbrtj cb blpfbg pýkfh`g
joujf, qub sb bfjkgrjrê cb `godgrlhcjc `go fgs `rhtbrhgs pjrj
bf sb`tgr pýkfh`g bstjtjf bstjkfb`hcgs bo fj Fby cb Qrbsupubstgs
Nbobrjfbs cbf Bstjcg.
  bchtgrhjf `bp
   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

Fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs cbtbrlhojrêo bo sus rbspb`thvgs êlkhtgs tbrrhtgrhjfbs fjs ob`bshcjcbs cb
rb`ursgs euljogs rbspb`tg cb fgs @ubrpgs cb duo`hgojrhgs jf sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj
sgkrb fgs qub ejo jsulhcg `glpbtbo`hjs y fg pgocrêo bo `gog`hlhbotg cbf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj.
Bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj bfjkgrjrê fj gdbrtj cb blpfbg pýkfh`g hotbnrjocg cb dgrlj chdbrbo`hjcj fjs
ob`bshcjcbs cb rb`ursgs cbtbrlhojcjs pgr fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs `go fjs bxhstbotbs bo bf rbstg
cbf tbrrhtgrhg cbf Bstjcg qub og ejyj shcg gkmbtg cb trjspjsg y fj prbsbotjrê jf Lhohstbrhg pjrj fjs
Jclhohstrj`hgobs Qýkfh`js quhbo fj bfbvjrê jf Ngkhbrog pjrj su jprgkj`hðo.
Jprgkjcj fj gdbrtj cb blpfbg pýkfh`g, bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj prg`bcbrê j fj `govg`jtgrhj cb fgs
prg`bsgs sbfb`thvgs.
Bo fjs gdbrtjs cb blpfbg pýkfh`g sb rbsbrvjrê uo `upg og hodbrhgr jf shbtb pgr `hbotg cb fjs vj`jotbs
pjrj sbr `ukhbrtjs botrb pbrsgojs `go chs`jpj`hcjc, `goshcbrjcjs `glg tjfbs fjs cbdhohcjs bo bf jpjr-
tjcg ; cbf jrtì`ufg 3 cbf [bjf Cb`rbtg Fbnhsfjthvg :/;1:0, cb ;8 cb ogvhblkrb, pgr bf qub sb jprubkj
bf Sbxtg [bduochcg cb fj Fby Nbobrjf cb Cbrb`egs cb fjs Qbrsgojs `go Chs`jpj`hcjc y cb su Ho`fu-
shðo Pg`hjf, shblprb qub supbrbo fjs prubkjs sbfb`thvjs y qub j`rbchtbo bf nrjcg cb chs`jpj`hcjc y fj
`glpjthkhfhcjc pjrj bf cbsblpbúg cb fjs duo`hgobs y tjrbjs `grrbspgochbotbs bo fj dgrlj qub sb cbtbr-
lhob rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb.

[bjf Cb`rbtg Fbnhsfjthvg :/;1:0, cb ;8 cb ogvhblkrb, pgr bf qub sb jprubkj bf Sbxtg [bduochcg cb fj
Fby Nbobrjf cb cbrb`egs cb fjs pbrsgojs `go chs`jpj`hcjc y cb su ho`fushðo sg`hjf
Jrtì`ufg 3 Shtufjrbs cb fgs cbrb`egs
;. Jcblês cb fg bstjkfb`hcg bo bf jpjrtjcg jotbrhgr, y j tgcgs fgs bdb`tgs, tbocrêo fj `goshcbrj`hðo cb pbrsgojs `go
chs`jpj`hcjc jqubffjs j quhbobs sb fbs ejyj rb`gog`hcg uo nrjcg cb chs`jpj`hcjc hnujf g supbrhgr jf 00 pgr `hbotg.
Pb `goshcbrjrê qub prbsbotjo uoj chs`jpj`hcjc bo nrjcg hnujf g supbrhgr jf 00 pgr `hbotg fgs pboshgohstjs cb fj
Pbnurhcjc Pg`hjf qub tbonjo rb`gog`hcj uoj pboshðo cb ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb bo bf nrjcg cb tgtjf, jksgfutj g
 nrjo hovjfhcbz, y j fgs pboshgohstjs cb `fjsbs pjshvjs qub tbonjo rb`gog`hcj uoj pboshðo cb mukhfj`hðo g cb rbthrg
 pgr ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb pjrj bf sbrvh`hg g houthfhcjc.

;.; Pbfb``hðo cbf

cbf pbrsgojf duo`hgojrhg
duo`hgojrhg jf sbrvh`hg
sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo
Jclhohstrj`hðo
cb Musth`hj
J. @govg`jtgrhjs
Cb j`ubrcg `go fgs prho`hphgs `gotbohcgs bo bf jrtì`ufg :10.: cb fj @gosthtu`hðo Bspjúgfj, bf pbrsgojf
duo`hgojrhg cb `jrrbrj sbrê sbfb``hgojcg `go `rhtbrhgs cb gkmbthvhcjc y `go jrrbnfg j fgs prho`hphgs cb
hnujfcjc, lèrhtg, `jpj`hcjc y tjlkhèo cb pukfh`hcjc.
Bf `gotbohcg cbf tbljrhg, jsì `glg cb fjs prubkjs j rbjfhzjr sbrêo ýoh`gs pjrj `jcj `ubrpg bo tgcg bf
tbrrhtgrhg cbf Bstjcg, sjfvg fjs prubkjs qub pubcjo bstjkfb`brsb pjrj fj j`rbchtj`hðo cbf `gog`hlhbotg
cb fj fbonuj y cbf cbrb`eg `hvhf, dgrjf g bspb`hjf, prgphgs cb fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs `go `glpb-
tbo`hjs jsulhcjs, qub tbocrêo `jrê`tbr gptjthvg y, bo ohonýo `jsg, sbrêo bfhlhojtgrhjs, tbohèocgsb bo
`ubotj fj puotuj`hðo gktbohcj `godgrlb jf kjrblg qub sb bstjkfbz`j, j fgs sgfgs bdb`tgs cb jcmuch`j-
`hðo cb cbsthog cbotrg cb fj `gluohcjc jutðoglj `grrbspgochbotb.
Fjs prubkjs sbfb`thvjs, sb `govg`jrêo y rbsgfvbrêo pgr bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj y sb rbjfhzjrêo, cb
dgrlj tbrrhtgrhjfhzjcj bo fgs chsthotgs êlkhtgs bo fgs qub sb ejyjo jnrupjcg fjs vj`jotbs. Fjs `govg-
`jtgrhjs y sus kjsbs, qub sbrêo ýoh`js pjrj `jcj `ubrpg, sb jmustjrêo, bo tgcg `jsg, j fg chspubstg bo fj
FGQM y bo bf rbjf cb`rbtg pgr bf qub sb jprubkb bf ‖[bnfjlbotg Nbobrjf cb Honrbsg, Qrgvhshðo cb Qubs-
tgs cb Srjkjmg y Qrglg`hðo Qrgdbshgojf cb fgs duo`hgojrhgs jf sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj“

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2:0
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

y sb pukfh`jrêo bo bf ‖Kgfbtìo Gdh`hjf cbf Bstjcg“ y bo fgs ‖Kgfbthobs Gdh`hjfbs“ cb fjs `gluohcjcbs
jutðogljs, cb dgrlj shluftêobj. Ph ch`ej shluftjobhcjc og dubsb pgshkfb, fgs tèrlhogs y pfjzgs bstj-
 kfb`hcgs bo fj `govg`jtgrhj, sb `gotjrêo, bo tgcg `jsg, j pjrthr cb fj pukfh`j`hðo bo bf ‖Kgfbtìo Gdh`hjf
cbf Bstjcg“.
Fjs kjsbs cb fj `govg`jtgrhj sbrêo bfjkgrjcjs pgr fj @glhshðo cb Pbfb``hðo cb Qbrsgojf y jprgkjcjs
pgr bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj, prbvhj obng`hj`hðo `go fjs grnjohzj`hgobs shoch`jfbs lês rbprbsbotjthvjs.
Fjs `htjcjs kjsbs, qub vho`ufjrêo j fj Jclhohstrj`hðo y j fgs trhkuojfbs qub ejo cb muznjr fjs prubkjs
sbfb`thvjs, sðfg pgcrêo sbr lgchdh`jcjs `go bstrh`tj sumb`hðo j fjs ogrljs cb fj Fby cb [ènhlbo Murì-
ch`g cb fjs Jclhohstrj`hgobs Qýkfh`js y cbf Qrg`bchlhbotg Jclhohstrjthvg @glýo.
Bo fjs `govg`jtgrhjs sb cbtbrlhojrê bf oýlbrg cb vj`jotbs y bf êlkhtg tbrrhtgrhjf pgr bf qub sb gdbrtjo.
Fjs vj`jotbs ukh`jcjs bo bf tbrrhtgrhg cb uoj `gluohcjc jutðoglj `go `glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs sb
gdbrtjrêo pgr bf êlkhtg tbrrhtgrhjf cb fj `gluohcjc jutðoglj cb qub sb trjtb, sjfvg rbouo`hj bxprbsj
cb fjs lhsljs, bo `uyg `jsg sbrêo gkmbtg cb jnrupj`hðo.
Jshlhslg, `ujocg bf oýlbrg cb pfjzjs g bf lbmgr cbsjrrgffg cb fgs prg`bsgs sbfb`thvgs fg j`gosbmb sb
pgcrêo jnrupjr fjs vj`jotbs `grrbspgochbotbs j uog g vjrhgs tbrrhtgrhgs.
Fgs jsphrjotbs pgcrêo sgfh`htjr bx`fushvjlbotb su pjrth`hpj`hðo pgr uog cb fgs êlkhtgs tbrrhtgrhjfbs
qub sb bxprbsbo bo fj `govg`jtgrhj y cb rbsuftjr jprgkjcgs, sbrêo cbsthojcgs gkfhnjtgrhjlbotb, j
jfnuoj cb fjs vj`jotbs rjch`jcjs bo bf lhslg.
Bo ohonýo `jsg pgcrê cb`fjrjrsb supbrjcg bf prg`bsg sbfb`thvg bo `jcj êlkhtg j uo oýlbrg ljygr cb
jsphrjotbs qub bf cb pfjzjs gkmbtg cb fj `govg`jtgrhj, shbocg oufjs cb pfbog cbrb`eg fjs prgpubstjs cb
jprgkjcgs qub `gotrjvbonjo bstj fhlhtj`hðo.
Bo fgs prg`bsgs sbfb`thvgs sbrêo jclhthcjs fjs pbrsgojs `go lhousvjfìjs bo hnujfcjc cb `goch`hgobs
`go fgs cblês jsphrjotbs. Fjs `govg`jtgrhjs og bstjkfb`brêo bx`fushgobs pgr fhlhtj`hgobs psìquh`js g
dìsh`js, sho pbrmuh`hg cb fjs ho`glpjthkhfhcjcbs `go bf cbsblpbúg cb fjs tjrbjs g duo`hgobs `grrbspgo-
chbotbs. Qjrj fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb fjs prubkjs sb bstjkfb`brêo pjrj fjs pbrsgojs `go lhousvjfìj qub fg sgfh-
`htbo fjs jcjptj`hgobs pgshkfbs bo `ujotg j thblpg y lbchgs.

K. J``bsg
Bf j``bsg j fgs `ubrpgs sbrê fhkrb y pýkfh`g y sb bdb`tujrê j trjvès cb fgs shstbljs cb gpgsh`hðo, g
`go`ursg-gpgsh`hðo.
Fj sbfb``hðo pgr gpgsh`hðo bs bf shstblj grchojrhg cb honrbsg y `goshstb bo fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb fjs prubkjs
qub sb bstjkfbz`jo bo fj `govg`jtgrhj pjrj cbtbrlhojr fj `jpj`hcjc y jpthtuc cbf jsphrjotb.
Fj sbfb``hðo pgr `go`ursg-gpgsh`hðo `goshstb bo fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb fjs prubkjs `grrbspgochbotbs y bo fj
vjfgrj`hðo cb cbtbrlhojcjs `goch`hgobs cb dgrlj`hðo, lèrhtgs g ohvbfbs cb bxpbrhbo`hj, bo fj dgrlj
qub sb bstjkfbz`j bo fj `govg`jtgrhj.
Fj uthfhzj`hðo cbf shstblj cb `go`ursg-gpgsh`hðo tbocrê `jrê`tbr bx`bp`hgojf.

@. @ursgs y prê`th`js
Fgs prg`bsgs cb sbfb``hðo pgcrêo ho`fuhr fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb uo `ursg tbðrh`g-prê`th`g g cb uo pbrhgcg cb
prê`th`js, qub pgcrêo tbobr `jrê`tbr sbfb`thvg.
Fj `jfhdh`j`hðo gktbohcj sbrvhrê pjrj dhmjr bf grcbo cb prbfj`hðo. Og gkstjotb, sh tuvhbsbo `jrê`tbr sbfb`-
thvg, fgs jsphrjotbs qub og supbrbo bf lhslg pgcrêo rbpbthrfg bo bf shnuhbotb, jf qub sb ho`grpgrjrêo
`go fj oubvj prglg`hðo. Ph tjlpg`g supbrjrbo bstb `ursg pbrcbrêo bf cbrb`eg j su oglkrjlhbotg
`glg duo`hgojrhgs cb `jrrbrj.

2:3   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

Curjotb su rbjfhzj`hðo, fgs jsphrjotbs tbocrêo fj `goshcbrj`hðo

cb duo`hgojrhgs bo prê`th`js, `go fgs cbrb`egs y gkfhnj`hgobs Pjkìj qub
qub sb bstjkfbz`jo rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb. Bf j``bsg j fgs `ubrpgs nbob-
Bf `ursg sbfb`thvg g bo su `jsg bf pbrhgcg cb prê`th`js, pgcrêo rjfbs sbrê fhkrb y pýkfh`g y
cbsjrrgffjrsb bo fgs `botrgs, hosthtutgs g sbrvh`hgs cb dgrlj`hðo sb ffbvjrê j `jkg j trjvès cb
cbpbochbotbs cb fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs, g bo fjs Gdh`hojs fgs shstbljs cb gpgsh`hðo g
 much`hjfbs ukh`jcjs bo bf êlkhtg tbrrhtgrhjf cb fjs lhsljs. `go`ursg-gpgsh`hðo. Fj uthfh-
zj`hðo cbf shstblj cb `go`ur-
C. @glhshðo cb
cb Pbfb``hðo
Pbfb``hðo cb Qbrsgojf sg-gpgsh`hðo tbocrê `jrê`tbr
bx`bp`hgojf.
Fj bfjkgrj`hðo cb fgs tbljrhgs y cb fjs kjsbs cb `govg`jtgrhj
pgr fjs qub ejo cb rbnhrsb fgs prg`bsgs sbfb`thvgs pjrj honrbsg
bo fgs `ubrpgs cb duo`hgojrhgs j qub sb rbdhbrb bstb fhkrg, sb
bo`glbocjrê j uoj @glhshðo cb Pbfb``hðo cb Qbrsgojf, qub
bstjrê dgrljcj pgr=
- @ujtrg vg`jfbs rbprbsbotjotbs cbf Lhohstbrhg
Lhohstbrhg cb
cb Musth`hj,
Musth`hj, uog
cb fgs `ujfbs jsulhrê fj Qrbshcbo`hj cb fj @glhshðo y tbocrê
vgtg chrhlbotb bo `jsg cb blpjtb bo fj jcgp`hðo cb j`ubrcgs.
- @ujtrg rbprbsbotjotbs cb fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs `go
`glpbtbo`hjs bo ljtbrhjs cb Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj, uog
cb fgs `ujfbs jsulhrê fj Th`bprbshcbo`hj cb fj @glhshðo.
Bstj @glhshðo cbtbrlhojrê jshlhslg bf prgnrjlj dgrljthvg
`grrbspgochbotb jf pbrhgcg cb prê`th`js g `ursg sbfb`thvg bo su
`jsg.
Fjs ogrljs cb duo`hgojlhbotg cb fj @glhshðo cb Pbfb``hðo y
fj dgrlj cb cbshnoj`hðo cb sus lhblkrgs sb bstjkfb`brêo bo bf
rbjf cb`rbtg pgr bf qub sb jprubkb bf [bnfjlbotg cb Honrbsg,
Qrgvhshðo cb Qubstgs cb Srjkjmg y Qrglg`hðo Qrgdbshgojf cb
fgs duo`hgojrhgs jf sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj. Fj
`glpgsh`hðo cb ch`ej @glhshðo, `ujocg sb trjtb cb fj sbfb``hðo
cb @ubrpgs `uyj nbsthðo og ejyjo shcg gkmbtg cb trjspjsg, sb
dhmjrê jshlhslg bo bf `htjcg rbnfjlbotg.
Fgs tbljrhgs sbrêo jprgkjcgs pgr fj @glhshðo cb Pbfb``hðo y
sbrêo ýoh`gs pjrj tgcg bf tbrrhtgrhg cbf Bstjcg.

B. Srhkuojfbs `jfhdh`jcgrbs
Bf cbsjrrgffg y `jfhdh`j`hðo cb fjs prubkjs sbfb`thvjs `grrbs-
pgocb j fgs trhkuojfbs `jfhdh`jcgrbs qub, j tjf bdb`tg, sb `gosth-
tuyjo.
Bstgs trhkuojfbs ngzjrêo cb jutgoglìj duo`hgojf y rbspgocb-
rêo cb fj gkmbthvhcjc cbf prg`bchlhbotg y cbf `ulpfhlhbotg cb
fjs ogrljs `gotbohcjs bo fj `govg`jtgrhj.
Bo bf [bnfjlbotg Nbobrjf cb Honrbsg, Qrgvhshðo cb Qubstgs cb
Srjkjmg y Qrglg`hðo Qrgdbshgojf sb bstjkfb`brê, fj `glpgsh`hðo
cb fgs trhkuojfbs qub, bo tgcg `jsg bstjrêo dgrljcgs pgr uo
oýlbrg hlpjr cb lhblkrgs, jsì `glg sus ogrljs cb duo`hgoj-

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2:2
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

lhbotg, njrjothzêocgsb fj bspb`hjfhzj`hðo cb fgs hotbnrjotbs cbf lhslg y fj jnhfhcjc cbf prg`bsg sbfb`-
thvg, sho pbrmuh`hg cb su gkmbthvhcjc, jsì `glg bf rènhlbo cb ho`glpjthkhfhcjcbs, fgs cbrb`egs y cbkbrbs
cb sus lhblkrgs.
Fgs lhblkrgs cb fgs trhkuojfbs sbrêo oglkrjcgs pgr bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj. Bo fgs trhkuojfbs qub sb
`gosthtuyjo bo fgs tbrrhtgrhgs cb fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs `go `glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs, cgs cb `jcj
`ho`g vg`jfbs sbrêo prgpubstgs pgr bf ðrnjog `glpbtbotb cb ch`ej `gluohcjc.

D. Oglkrjlhbotg cb fgs duo`hgojrhgs

@go`fuhcg bf prg`bsg sbfb`thvg, fgs jsphrjotbs qub fg eukhbsbo supbrjcg, `uyg oýlbrg og pgcrê bx`b-
cbr bo ohonýo `jsg jf cb pfjzjs `govg`jcjs bo `jcj êlkhtg, y qub cbotrg cbf pfjzg qub sb bstjkfbz`j
j`rbchtbo rbuohr fgs rbquhshtgs bxhnhcgs bo fj `govg`jtgrhj, sbrêo oglkrjcgs duo`hgojrhgs cb `jrrbrj
pgr bf ðrnjog `glpbtbotb cbf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj.
Fgs oglkrjlhbotgs sbrêo gkmbtg cb pukfh`j`hðo, shluftêobjlbotb, bo bf ‖Kgfbtìo Gdh`hjf cbf Bstjcg“ y
bo fgs Kgfbthobs g Chjrhgs Gdh`hjfbs cb fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs `go `glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs.
Fj jcmuch`j`hðo cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg j fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb oubvg honrbsg, sb bdb`tujrêo cb j`ubrcg
`go sus pbth`hgobs botrb fgs pubstgs gdbrtjcgs j fgs lhslgs, sbnýo bf grcbo gktbohcg bo bf prg`bsg
sbfb`thvg.
Fgs cbsthogs jcmuch`jcgs tbocrêo `jrê`tbr cbdhohthvg bquhvjfbotb j tgcgs fgs bdb`tgs j fgs gktbohcgs pgr
`go`ursg.
Fgs pubstgs cb trjkjmg qub sb gdbrtbo j fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb oubvg honrbsg cbkbrêo ejkbr shcg gkmbtg
cb `go`ursg cb trjsfjcg prbvhg botrb quhbobs yj tuvhbrjo fj `goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhg. Og gkstjotb, sh
fjs Jclhohstrj`hgobs `glpbtbotbs bo ljtbrhj cb nbsthðo cb rb`ursgs euljogs og chspushbsbo, bo sus
rbspb`thvgs êlkhtgs tbrrhtgrhjfbs, cb pfjzjs sudh`hbotbs pjrj gdbrtjr j fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb oubvg honrbsg,
`go `jrê`tbr bx`bp`hgojf y prbvhj obng`hj`hðo shoch`jf, pgcrêo ho`grpgrjr pubstgs cb trjkjmg og ho`fuh-
cgs prbvhjlbotb bo `go`ursg cb trjsfjcgs.
Bo bstb supubstg, bf cbsthog jcmuch`jcg jf duo`hgojrhg cb oubvg honrbsg tbocrê `jrê`tbr prgvhshgojf. Ch`eg
duo`hgojrhg cbkbrê tgljr pjrtb bo bf prhlbr `go`ursg cb trjsfjcgs qub sb `govgqub bo bf qub sb gdbrtbo
pfjzjs cbf êlkhtg tbrrhtgrhjf bo bf qub sb bo`ubotrb cbsthojcg prgvhshgojflbotb, njrjothzêocgsbfb bf cbsthog
cbdhohthvg bo bf êlkhtg pgr bf qub pjrth`hpð bo bf prg`bsg sbfb`thvg. Cb ho`ulpfhr bstj gkfhnj`hðo, sb fb jcmu-
ch`jrê `go `jrê`tbr cbdhohthvg `ujfquhbrj cb fjs pfjzjs og jcmuch`jcjs bo tgcg bf tbrrhtgrhg oj`hgojf.
Qjrj jcquhrhr fj `goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhg cb `jrrbrj sb cbkbrê tgljr pgsbshðo cbf cbsthog jcmuch`jcg
bo bf pfjzg qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb bstjkfbz`j.

N. Duo`hgojrhgs hotbrhogs
Bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj g, bo su `jsg, fgs ðrnjogs `glpbtbotbs cb fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs qub
ejyjo rb`hkhcg fgs trjspjsgs cb lbchgs pbrsgojfbs pjrj bf duo`hgojlhbotg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb
 Musth`hj, pgcrêo oglkrjr duo`hgojrhgs hotbrhogs, pgr ob`bshcjcbs cbf sbrvh`hg, `ujocg og sbj pgshkfb,
`go fj urnbo`hj bxhnhcj pgr fjs `hr`uostjo`hjs, fj prbstj`hðo pgr duo`hgojrhg cb `jrrbrj, cb j`ubrcg `go
fgs `rhtbrhgs gkmbthvgs qub sb dhmbo bo fj grcbo lhohstbrhjf g, bo su `jsg, fj chspgsh`hðo cb fj `gluohcjc
jutðoglj qub ejyj rb`hkhcg fgs trjspjsgs cb lbchgs pbrsgojfbs pjrj bf duo`hgojlhbotg cb fj Jclh-
ohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj.
Fgs oglkrjcgs cbkbrêo rbuohr fgs rbquhshtgs y thtufj`hðo ob`bsjrhgs pjrj bf honrbsg bo bf @ubrpg9
tgljrêo pgsbshðo bo bf pfjzg qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb bstjkfbz`j y tbocrêo fgs lhslgs cbrb`egs y
cbkbrbs qub fgs duo`hgojrhgs, sjfvg fj dhmbzj bo bf pubstg cb trjkjmg y fjs lhsljs rbtrhku`hgobs kêsh`js y
`glpfblbotjrhjs.

2:4   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

Pb rb`gog`brêo fgs trhbohgs `grrbspgochbotbs j fgs sbrvh`hgs prbstjcgs qub tbocrêo bdb`tgs rbtrhkuthvgs
`godgrlb j fg bstjkfb`hcg bo fj ogrljthvj vhnbotb pjrj fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo Nbobrjf
cbf Bstjcg. Bstb rb`gog`hlhbotg sb bdb`tujrê prbvhj sgfh`htuc cbf hotbrbsjcg.
Pbrêo `bsjcgs sbnýo fgs tèrlhogs qub bstjkfbz`j fj grcbo lhohstbrhjf g, bo su `jsg, fj chspgsh`hðo cb fj
`gluohcjc jutðoglj y, bo tgcg `jsg, `ujocg sb prgvbj fj vj`jotb, sb ho`grpgrb su thtufjr g cbsjpj-
rbz`jo fjs rjzgobs cb urnbo`hj.

0. Q[GLG@HÐO HOSB[OJ
Pb njrjothzj fj prglg`hðo hotbroj, lbchjotb bf js`bosg cbscb uo `ubrpg pjrj `uyg honrbsg sb ej
bxhnhcg cbtbrlhojcj thtufj`hðo j gtrg `ubrpg pjrj `uyg j``bsg sb bxhnb fj thtufj`hðo holbchjtj supbrhgr
g, bo bf `jsg cb fgs @ubrpgs Bspb`hjfbs, lbchjotb fj pgshkhfhcjc cb j``bcbr j fjs chdbrbotbs bspb`hjfhcj-
cbs cb uo lhslg `ubrpg.
Jcblês cb fjs pfjzjs qub sb ho`fuyjo pjrj fj ho`grpgrj`hðo cb oubvg pbrsgojf bo fj Gdbrtj cb Blpfbg
Qýkfh`g cb `godgrlhcjc `go fg prbvhstg bo bf jrtì`ufg 35;, bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj `govg`jrê joujf-
lbotb prg`bsgs cb prglg`hðo hotbroj pjrj fj `gkbrturj cb uo oýlbrg cb pfjzjs bquhvjfbotb jf trbhotj
pgr `hbotg cb fjs vj`jotbs qub, pjrj `jcj @ubrpg, sbjo gkmbtg cb ch`ej gdbrtj cb blpfbg pýkfh`g.
@go hocbpbocbo`hj cb fg sbújfjcg bo bf pêrrjdg jotbrhgr, bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj, `go `jrê`tbr bxtrjgr-
chojrhg y prbvhj jutgrhzj`hðo cbf Lhohstbrhg cb Ej`hbocj y Duo`hðo Qýkfh`j, pgcrê `govg`jr prg`bsgs
cb prglg`hðo hotbroj bspb`ìdh`gs `ujocg fjs `hr`uostjo`hjs bo fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj fg j`gosb-
 mbo.
Bo jlkgs `jsgs, fjs pfjzjs `govg`jcjs pgr bf turog cb prglg`hðo hotbroj qub og rbsuftbo `ukhbrtjs og
pgcrêo bo ohonýo `jsg j`rb`br j fjs `govg`jcjs pgr turog fhkrb oh ho`grpgrjrsb j fj Gdbrtj cb Blpfbg
Qýkfh`g.
Fj prglg`hðo hotbroj sb bdb`tujrê lbchjotb bf shstblj cb `go`ursg-gpgsh`hðo bo fgs tèrlhogs qub sb
bstjkfbz`jo bo bf rbjf cb`rbtg pgr bf qub sb jprubkb bf rbnfjlbotg cb honrbsg, prgvhshðo cb pubstgs y
prglg`hðo prgdbshgojf. Bo tgcg `jsg, sb rbspbtjrêo fgs prho`hphgs cb hnujfcjc, lèrhtg, `jpj`hcjc y
pukfh`hcjc.
Fj prglg`hðo hotbroj pjrj bf j``bsg j chdbrbotb bspb`hjfhcjc cbf lhslg `ubrpg tbocrê funjr botrb
duo`hgojrhgs qub cbsblpbúbo j`thvhcjcbs sustjo`hjflbotb `gho`hcbotbs g joêfgnjs bo su `gotbohcg
prgdbshgojf y bo su ohvbf tè`oh`g.
Bo tgcg `jsg, fgs duo`hgojrhgs cbkbrêo pgsbbr fj thtufj`hðo j`jcèlh`j rbqubrhcj pjrj bf j``bsg j fgs
`ubrpgs g bspb`hjfhcjcbs cb qub sb trjtb, tbobr uoj jothnöbcjc cb jf lbogs cgs júgs bo bf `ubrpg
jf qub pbrtbobz`jo y rbuohr fgs rbquhshtgs y supbrjr fjs prubkjs qub sb bstjkfbz`jo. Ch`ejs prubkjs
pgcrêo ffbvjrsb j `jkg bo `govg`jtgrhj hocbpbochbotb cb fjs cb honrbsg nbobrjf. J bdb`tgs cbf `ðlputg
cb fj jothnöbcjc, sb tbocrê bo `ubotj fj qub tbonjo j`rbchtjcj bo bf @ubrpg cb Juxhfhjrbs g Jnbo-
tbs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj cbf qub, bo su `jsg, prg`bcjo, bo duo`hðo cbf `ubrpg jf qub sb
prbtbocj prglg`hgojr.
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs qub j``bcjo pgr prglg`hðo hotbroj tbocrêo, bo tgcg `jsg, prbdbrbo`hj pjrj fgs pubs-
tgs cb trjkjmg vj`jotbs gdbrtjcgs sgkrb fgs jsphrjotbs qub og prg`bcjo cb bstb turog.
Fjs `govg`jtgrhjs pgcrêo bstjkfb`br fj bxbo`hðo cb fjs prubkjs bo`jlhojcjs j j`rbchtjr fgs `gog`h-
lhbotgs yj bxhnhcgs pjrj bf j``bsg jf `ubrpg cb grhnbo, puchbocg vjfgrjrsb fgs `ursgs y prgnrjljs cb
dgrlj`hðo supbrjcgs.

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2:>
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

Fgs duo`hgojrhgs cbf @ubrpg cb Sè`oh`gs Bspb`hjfhstjs cbf Hosthtutg Oj`hgojf cb Sgxh`gfgnìj y @hbo`hjs
Dgrbosbs pgcrêo j``bcbr lbchjotb prglg`hðo hotbroj jf @ubrpg cb Dj`uftjthvgs cbf Hosthtutg Oj`hgojf
cb Sgxh`gfgnìj y @hbo`hjs Dgrbosbs, shblprb qub rbýojo fgs rbquhshtgs pjrj bffg.

3. JCZRHPH@HÐO X QÈ[CHCJ CB FJ @GOCH@HÐO CB DRO@HGOJ[HGP

Fj `goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhg cb `jrrbrj sb jcquhbrb pgr bf `ulpfhlhbotg su`bshvg cb fgs rbquhshtgs bstj-
 kfb`hcgs bo bf fhkrg T cb fj Fby Grnêoh`j cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf pjrj bf @ubrpg cb Fbtrjcgs cb fj Jclhohs-
trj`hðo cb Musth`hj
Fj `goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhg cb `jrrbrj sb phbrcb bo fgs lhslgs supubstgs qub fgs `gotblpfjcgs bo bf
fhkrg T jotbs lbo`hgojcg y `uyg jrtì`ufg 330 trjos`rhkhlgs j `gothouj`hðo=

Jrtì`ufg 330 FGQM

:. Bf honrbsg bo bf @ubrpg cb Fbtrjcgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj sb prgcu`b pgr bf `ulpfhlhbotg cb fjs
shnuhbotbs `goch`hgobs=
j) [buohr fgs rbquhshtgs y `ulpfhr fjs `goch`hgobs bxhnhcjs bo fj `govg`jtgrhj.
k) Pupbrj`hðo cb fgs prg`bsgs sbfb`thvgs.
`) Oglkrjlhbotg bxpbchcg pgr bf Lhohstrg cb Musth`hj y pukfh`jcg bo bf «Kgfbtìo Gdh`hjf cbf Bstjcg¹.
c) Murjlbotg g prglbsj cb `ulpfhr dhbflbotb fjs gkfhnj`hgobs cbf `jrng y nujrcjr y ej`br nujrcjr fj @gosthtu`hðo
`glg ogrlj duocjlbotjf.
b) Sglj cb pgsbshðo cbotrg cbf pfjzg bstjkfb`hcg.
;. Fj `goch`hðo cb Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj sb phbrcb bo fgs shnuhbotbs supubstgs=
j) Qgr rbouo`hj vgfuotjrhj ljohdbstjcj pgr bs`rhtg y j`bptjcj bxprbsjlbotb pgr bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj.
k ) Qgr pèrchcj cb fj oj`hgojfhcjc bspjúgfj.
` ) Qgr sjo`hðo chs`hpfhojrhj cb sbpjrj`hðo cbf sbrvh`hg.
c ) Qgr hoejkhfhtj`hðo jksgfutj g bspb`hjf hlpubstj `glg pboj prho`hpjf g j``bsgrhj pgr fgs trhkuojfbs `ujocg fj
lhslj sbj dhrlb.
b ) Qgr mukhfj`hðo, sbj vgfuotjrhj g dgrzgsj, g pgr ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb pjrj bf sbrvh`hg.
 d ) Qgr `gocboj j pboj cb prhvjthvj cb fhkbrtjc supbrhgr j trbs júgs pgr rjzðo cb cbfhtg cgfgsg

Fj mukhfj`hðo cb fgs duo`hgojrhgs pgcrê sbr=

j) Tgfuotjrhj, j sgfh`htuc cbf duo`hgojrhg.
 k) Dgrzgsj, jf `ulpfhr fj bcjc fbnjflbotb bstjkfb`hcj.
`) Qgr ho`jpj`hcjc
ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb pjrj bf sbrvh`hg.
Qrg`bcbrê fj mukhfj`hðo vgfuotjrhj, j sgfh`htuc cbf hotbrbsjcg, shblprb qub bf duo`hgojrhg rbýoj fgs
rbquhshtgs y `goch`hgobs bstjkfb`hcgs bo bf rènhlbo cb sbnurhcjc sg`hjf qub fb sbj cb jpfh`j`hðo.
Fj mukhfj`hðo dgrzgsj sb cb`fjrjrê cb gdh`hg jf `ulpfhr bf duo`hgojrhg fgs 42 júgs cb bcjc. Og gkstjotb,
fgs duo`hgojrhgs pgcrêo prgfgonjr vgfuotjrhjlbotb su pbrljobo`hj bo bf sbrvh`hg j`thvg, `glg lêxhlg
ejstj qub `ulpfjo >1 júgs cb bcjc, shnuhbocg bf prg`bchlhbotg fbnjf g rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb bstjkfb`hcg.
Qrg`bcbrê jshlhslg fj mukhfj`hðo cbf duo`hgojrhg `ujocg èstb pjcbz`j ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb pjrj bf
bmbr`h`hg cb fjs duo`hgobs prgphjs cb su `ubrpg. Pbrê prb`bpthvj fj hostru``hðo cbf gpgrtuog bxpbchbotb

2:5   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

cb ho`jpj`hcjc, qub pgcrê sbr hoh`hjcg cb gdh`hg g j sgfh`htuc

cbf hotbrbsjcg.

2. FJ [BEJKHFHSJ@HÐO
Qgcrêo sbr rbejkhfhtjcgs lbchjotb bf prg`bchlhbotg qub rbnfj-
lbotjrhjlbotb sb bstjkfbz`j=
- Fgs duo`hgojrhgs qub eukhbsbo pbrchcg fj `goch`hðo cb tjfbs,
`glg `gosb`ubo`hj cb fj pèrchcj cb fj oj`hgojfhcjc bspj-
úgfj g pgr ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb pjrj bf sbrvh`hg, uoj vbz
cbsjpjrb`hcj fj `jusj gkmbthvj qub fj lgthvð.
- Zuhbobs eukhbsbo pbrchcg
pbrchcg fj `goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhg
duo`hgojrhg pgr
hoejkhfhtj`hðo jksgfutj g bspb`hjf `glg pboj prho`hpjf g
j``bsgrhj g pgr `gocboj j pboj prhvjthvj cb fhkbrtjc pgr
rjzðo cb cbfhtg cgfgsg, uoj vbz bxthonuhcjs sus rbspgosjkh-
fhcjcbs `hvhfbs y pbojfbs y, bo su `jsg, `jo`bfjcgs fgs jotb`b-
cbotbs pbojfbs.
- Jshlhslg pgcrêo sbr rbejkhfhtjcgs, fgs duo`hgojrhgs qub
ejyjo shcg sbpjrjcgs cbf sbrvh`hg `glg `gosb`ubo`hj cb
sjo`hðo chs`hpfhojrhj.
Bf Lhohstrg cb Musth`hj sbrê `glpbtbotb pjrj bf oglkrjlhbotg cb fgs
duo`hgojrhgs cb `jrrbrj. Jshlhslg, sbrê `glpbtbotb pjrj j`grcjr
fj pèrchcj cb fj `goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhg, y bo su `jsg fj rbejkh-
fhtj`hðo, bo fgs supubstgs `gotblpfjcgs bo fj FGQM bo fj dgrlj y
lbchjotb bf prg`bchlhbotg qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb cbtbrlhob,
jtbochbocg j fjs `hr`uostjo`hjs y bothcjc cbf cbfhtg g djftj `glbthcj.
Fj mukhfj`hðo vgfuotjrhj, dgrzgsj, g pgr ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb,
jsì `glg fj pgshkfb prðrrgnj cb pbrljobo`hj bo bf sbrvh`hg j`thvg
sbrê j`grcjcj pgr bf ðrnjog `glpbtbotb cbf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth-
`hj g, bo su `jsg, cb fj @gluohcjc Jutðoglj `go `glpbtbo`hjs
jsulhcjs. Bffg sho pbrmuh`hg cb qub fj rbejkhfhtj`hðo prg`bcbotb cb
 mukhfj
 mukhfj`hð
`hðo
o pgr ho`j
ho`jpj`
pj`hcj
hcjcc pbrljo
pbrljobot
botbb pjrj bf
bf pbrsgo
pbrsgojf
jf jf sbrvh
sbrvh`hg
`hg
cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj sbrê j`grcjcj, bo tgcg `jsg, pgr
bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj, bo fj dgrlj y cb j`ubrcg `go bf prg`bch-
lhbotg qub sb bstjkfbz`j rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb.

4. CB[B@EGP, CBKB[BP B Jtbo`hðo

HO@GLQJSHKHFHCJCBP Bf rènhlbo cb hocblohzj`hg-
obs pgr rjzðo cb sbrvh`hg sb
bo`ubotrj rb`gnhcg `go `jrê`-
4.: Cbrb`egs tbr nbobrjf bo bf [bjf Cb`rbtg
34;/;11;, cb ;3 cb ljyg, sho
J. Cbrb`egs hochvhcujfbs pbrmuh`hg cb fj ogrljthvj
jutgoðlh`j ch`tjcj bo bstj
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb `jrrbrj thbobo fgs shnuhbotbs cbrb`egs
ljtbrhj.
prgdbshgojfbs=

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2:8
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

j) Jf ljotbohlhbotg cb su `goch`hðo duo`hgojrhjf, jf cbsblpbúg bdb`thvg cb tjrbjs g duo`hgobs

prgphjs cb su `ubrpg y j og sbr rblgvhcgs cbf pubstg cb trjkjmg qub cbsblpbúbo shog bo fgs
supubstgs y `goch`hgobs bstjkfb`hcgs fbnjflbotb.
 k) J pbr`hkhr fj rbtrhku`hðo y fjs hocblohzj`hgobs pgr rjzðo cbf sbrvh`hg bstjkfb`hcjs bo fj ogrljthvj
vhnbotb.
`) J fj `jrrbrj prgdbshgojf, j trjvès
trjvès cb fgs lb`johslgs cb prglg`hðo prgdbshgojf qub sb bstjkfbz`jo
cb j`ubrcg `go fgs prho`hphgs cb hnujfcjc, lèrhtg, `jpj`hcjc y pukfh`hcjc.
c) J rb`hkhr pgr pjrtb cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo fj dgrlj`hðo ob`bsjrhj, hoh`hjf y `gothoujcj, `go
`go bf dho cb
lbmgrjr sus `jpj`hcjcbs prgdbshgojfbs cb dgrlj qub fbs pbrlhtj uoj lbmgr y lês prgotj jcjptj`hðo
j sus pubstgs cb trjkjmg y fbs pgshkhfhtb su prglg`hðo prgdbshgojf.
@go bf dho cb jsbnurjr fj eglgnbobhcjc y qub fjs j``hgobs dgrljthvjs
dgrljthvjs qub
qub sb bstjkfbz`jo pgr
pgr fjs
chsthotjs Jclhohstrj`hgobs pýkfh`js `glpbtbotbs bo ljtbrhj cb nbsthðo cb pbrsgojf og rbprbsbotbo
gkstê`ufgs bo fj prglg`hðo y bo fj lgvhfhcjc cbf pbrsgojf jf sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth-
`hj bo bf tbrrhtgrhg cbf Bstjcg, sb jcgptjrêo lbchcjs cb `ggrchoj`hðo y eglgfgnj`hðo bo ljtbrhj cb
dgrlj`hðo `gothouj.
b) J sbr hodgrljcgs pgr sus mbdbs g supbrhgrbs
supbrhgrbs cb fjs tjrbjs g `glbthcgs j cbsblpbújr y j pjrth`hpjr
bo fj `gosb`u`hðo cb fgs gkmbthvgs jtrhkuhcgs j fj uohcjc cgocb prbstbo sus sbrvh`hgs.
d) Jf rbspbtg cb su hothlhcjc y j fj `goshcbrj`hðo
`goshcbrj`hðo cbkhcj j su chnohcjc, `glprbochcj fj prgtb``hðo
prgtb``hðo
drbotb j gdbosjs vbrkjfbs g dìsh`js cb ojturjfbzj sbxujf.
n) J fj og chs`rhlhoj`hðo pgr rjzðo cb oj`hlhbotg, grhnbo rj`hjf g ètoh`g, nèobrg, sbxg u grhbotj`hðo
grhbotj`hðo
sbxujf, rbfhnhðo g `govh``hgobs, gphohðo, chs`jpj`hcjc, bcjc g `ujfquhbr gtrj `goch`hðo g `hr`uostjo-
`hj pbrsgojf g sg`hjf.
e) J vj`j`hgobs, pbrlhsgs y fh`bo`hjs.
h) J rb`hkhr prgtb``hðo bo ljtbrhj cb sbnurhcjc y sjfuc bo bf trjkjmg, pjrj fg `ujf fjs Jclhohstrj`hg-
obs `glpbtbotbs jcgptjrêo jqubffjs lbchcjs qub sbjo ob`bsjrhjs pjrj fj jpfh`j`hðo bdb`thvj cb fj
ogrljthvj vhnbotb sgkrb prbvbo`hðo cb rhbsngs y sjfuc fjkgrjf, prg`bchbocg j fj bvjfuj`hðo cb fgs
rhbsngs hoh`hjfbs y jf bstjkfb`hlhbotg cb pfjobs cb blbrnbo`hj, jsì `glg j fj `rbj`hðo cb sbrvh`hgs cb
prbvbo`hðo y cb uo @glhtè @botrjf cb Pbnurhcjc y Pjfuc.
 m) J fj mukhfj`hðo.
i) J uo rènhlbo cb Pbnurhcjc Pg`hjf, qub pjrj fgs duo`hgojrhgs
duo`hgojrhgs cb `jrrbrj y duo`hgojrhgs bo prê`th`js
bstjrê hotbnrjcg pgr bf [ènhlbo Nbobrjf cb fj Pbnurhcjc Pg`hjf g bf [ènhlbo cb @fjsbs Qjshvjs cbf
Bstjcg, bo duo`hðo cb fj db`ej bo fj qub ejyjo jcquhrhcg tjf `goch`hðo, y bf Lutujfhslg Much`hjf,
rbnufjcg pgr [bjf Cb`rbtg Fbnhsfjthvg 0/;111, cb ;0 cb muohg, y chspgsh`hgobs cb cbsjrrgffg.
f) J fgs cbrb`egs prbvhstgs bo bf jrtì`ufg 333.; cb fj FGQM.
Jrtì`ufg 333 FGQM
;. Pho pbrmuh`hg cb su cbsjrrgffg y `go`rb`hðo bo bf rbnfjlbotg grnêoh`g, sb rb`gog`bo fgs shnuhbotbs cbrb`egs prgdbshg-
ojfbs=
j) Fhkrjozjs, bo jqubffgs `jsgs bo qub sb prbstb uoj cbch`j`hðo g sbrvh`hg og rbtrhkuhcg, bo fgs tèrlhogs qub sb
cbtbrlhobo rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb.
k) Bspb`hjfhzj`hðo prgdbshgojf bo jqubffgs êlkhtgs, ðrcbobs y ljtbrhjs qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb cbtbrlhobo.
`) Fhkrb jsg`hj`hðo prgdbshgojf.
c) J qub sus jsg`hj`hgobs prgdbshgojfbs sbjo gìcjs bo tgcjs jqubffjs ljtbrhjs qub jdb`tbo j su bstjtutg grnêoh`g.

2;1   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

Bf rènhlbo bstjkfb`hcg bo fgs jpjrtjcgs jotbrhgrbs sbrê jpfh`jkfb j fgs Fbtrjcgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo
cb Musth`hj susthtutgs, bo fj lbchcj bo qub fj ojturjfbzj cbf cbrb`eg fg pbrlhtj.

K. Cbrb`egs `gfb`thvgs
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs thbobo fgs shnuhbotbs cbrb`egs
c brb`egs `gfb`thvgs, bo fgs tèrlhogs bstjkfb`hcgs pgr fj @gosthtu-
`hðo y fjs fbybs=
j) J fj fhkrb jsg`hj`hðo
jsg`hj`hðo prgdbshgojf.
 k) J fj fhkrb shoch`j`hðo.
`) J fj j`thvhcjc shoch`jf.
c) Cb eubfnj, bo fgs tèrlhogs `gotbohcgs bo fj fbnhsfj`hðo nbobrjf cbf Bstjcg pjrj duo`hgojrhgs pýkfh-
`gs, njrjothzêocgsb bf ljotbohlhbotg cb fgs sbrvh`hgs bsbo`hjfbs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj.
b) J fj obng`hj`hðo `gfb`thvj, j fj pjrth`hpj`hðo bo fj cbtbrlhoj`hðo
cbtbrlhoj`hðo cb fjs `goch`hgobs cb trjkjmg, pjrj
fg `ujf sb bstjkfb`brêo fgs ljr`gs jcb`ujcgs qub pbrlhtjo uoj ljygr y lês hotbosj pjrth`hpj`hðo
cb fgs rbprbsbotjotbs cb fgs duo`hgojrhgs jf sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj, j trjvès cb
nrupgs cb trjkjmg, lbsjs g `ujfquhbr gtrg dgrg cb chêfgng y obng`hj`hðo.
d) Cb rbuohðo.

4.; Cbkbrbs
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj bstêo gkfhnjcgs j=
j) [bspbtjr fj @gosthtu`hðo
@gosthtu`hðo y bf rbstg cbf grcbojlhbotg murìch`g.
 k) Bmbr`br sus tjrbjs, duo`hgobs g `jrng `go fbjftjc b hlpjr`hjfhcjc y sbrvhr `go gkmbthvhcjc fgs hotbrb-
sbs nbobrjfbs.
`) @ulpfhr `go chfhnbo`hj fjs hostru``hgobs prgdbshgojfbs rb`hkhcjs cb su supbrhgr mbrêrquh`g bo bf
êlkhtg cb sus `glpbtbo`hjs.
c) [bjfhzjr `go fj cbkhcj jpfh`j`hðo fjs duo`hgobs g tjrbjs prgphjs cb su pubstg cb trjkjmg y jqubffjs
gtrjs qub, rbfj`hgojcjs `go fjs jotbrhgrbs, fbs bo`glhbocbo sus mbdbs g supbrhgrbs pjrj bf `ulpfh-
lhbotg cb fgs gkmbthvgs cb fj uohcjc.
b) @ulpfhr bf rènhlbo cb mgrojcj y egrjrhg qub sb bstjkfbz`j.
d) Ljotbobr shnhfg cb fgs jsuotgs qub `gogz`jo
`gogz`jo pgr rjzðo cb sus `jrngs g duo`hgobs y og ej`br usg
hocbkhcg cb fj hodgrlj`hðo gktbohcj jsì `glg nujrcjr sb`rbtg cb fjs ljtbrhjs `fjshdh`jcjs u gtrjs
`uyj chdushðo bstè prgehkhcj fbnjflbotb.
n) Cjr `ubotj j fjs jutgrhcjcbs `glpbtbotbs cb jqubffjs ðrcbobs qub, j su muh`hg, dubsbo `gotrjrhjs
`gotrjrhjs j fj
fbnjfhcjc g `gosthtuthvjs cb cbfhtg.
e) @ulpfhr bf rènhlbo cb ho`glpjthkhfhcjcbs y prgehkh`hgobs.
h) Srjtjr `go
`go jtbo`hðo y rbspbtg j fgs `hucjcjogs.
 m) Cjr j `gog`br su hcbothcjc y `jtbngrìj j fgs hotbrbsjcgs qub fg rbquhbrjo, sjfvg `ujocg bffg og
dubrj pgshkfb pgr rjzgobs cb sbnurhcjc.
i) Tbfjr pgr fj `gosbrvj`hðo y usg `grrb`tg cb fgs fg`jfbs, ljtbrhjf, cg`ulbotgs
cg`ulbotgs b hodgrlj`hðo j su
`jrng, og uthfhzjocg fgs lbchgs prgphbcjc cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo bo prgvb`eg prgphg oh bmbr`br sus
`glbthcgs cb dgrlj qub pubcjo kbobdh`hjr hfbnìthljlbotb j sì lhslgs g j gtrjs pbrsgojs.

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2;:
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

f) Srjtjr `go `grrb``hðo

`grrb``hðo y `goshcbrj`hðo
`goshcbrj`hðo j fgs supbrhgrbs mbrêrquh`gs, `glpjúbrgs y sukgrchojcgs,
sukgrchojcgs, jsì
`glg j Jkgnjcgs, Qrg`urjcgrbs y Nrjcujcgs Pg`hjfbs.

4.0 Ho`glpjthkhfhcjcbs
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs bstjrêo sumbtgs jf rènhlbo cb ho`glpjthkhfhcjcbs prbvhstg bo fj fbnhsfj`hðo nbobrjf
jpfh`jkfb j fgs duo`hgojrhgs jf sbrvh`hg cb fjs Jclhohstrj`hgobs pýkfh`js.
Bf bmbr`h`hg cb `ujfquhbr j`thvhcjc qub rbquhbrj cb`fjrj`hðo cb `glpjthkhfhcjc bxhnhrê fj prbvhj jutgrh-
zj`hðo cbf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj g cb fj @gluohcjc Jutðoglj `go `glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs.
Og sb pgcrê jutgrhzjr fj `glpjthkhfhcjc pjrj bf bmbr`h`hg cb uoj j`thvhcjc prhvjcj `ujocg sb cbsblpb-
úbo pubstgs `go cbch`j`hðo bspb`hjf. Sjlpg`g prg`bcbrê bstj jutgrhzj`hðo, pjrj fgs lèch`gs dgrbosbs
y tè`oh`gs dj`uftjthvgs qub cbsblpbúbo pubstgs cb Chrb`tgr g Pukchrb`tgr bo fgs Hosthtutgs cb Lbch`hoj
Fbnjf g bo bf Hosthtutg Oj`hgojf cb Sgxh`gfgnìj y @hbo`hjs Dgrbosbs y sus cbpjrtjlbotgs.
Bo tgcg `jsg, su duo`hðo sbrê ho`glpjthkfb `go=
j) Qgr fg qub sb rbdhbrb j @ubrpgs Bspb`hjfbs (bs cb`hr, Lèch`gs Dgrbosbs, Dj`uftjthvgs cbf Hosthtutg
Hosthtutg
Oj`hgojf cb Sgxh`gfgnìj y @hbo`hjs Dgrbosbs, Sè`oh`gs Bspb`hjfhstjs cbf Hosthtutg Oj`hgojf cb Sgxh-
`gfgnìj y @hbo`hjs Dgrbosbs, y Jyucjotbs cb Fjkgrjtgrhg cbf Hosthtutg Oj`hgojf cb Sgxh`gfgnìj y
@hbo`hjs Dgrbosbs)=
:.½ Fj hotbrvbo`hðo `glg pjrth`ufjrbs bo fgs `jsgs qub puchbrjo tbobr rbfj`hðo `go sus d uo`hgobs.
;.½ Fj duo`hðo cb lèch`g cb blprbsj, cb bothcjcbs jsbnurjcgrjs g bf cbsblpbúg cb blpfbgs bo
ch`ejs bothcjcbs.
0.½ @ujfquhbr j`thvhcjc pbrh`hjf prhvjcj.
3.½ Blhshðo cb `brthdh`jcgs lèch`gs cb cbduo`hðo, sjfvg qub prbstbo sbrvh`hgs bo bf [bnhstrg @hvhf y
ýoh`jlbotb bo bf bmbr`h`hg cb sus duo`hgobs.
 k) Qgr fg qub sb rbdhbrb j @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (bs cb`hr,
cb `hr, Nbsthðo Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohstrjthvj, Srjlhtj`hðo
Qrg`bsjf y Jclhohstrjthvj, y Juxhfhg Much`hjf)=
:.½ Bf bmbr`h`hg cb fj jkgnj`ìj, prg`urjcurìj, g cb fj prgdbshðo cb Nrjcujcg Pg`hjf y blpfbgs jf
sbrvh`hg cb Jkgnjcgs, Qrg`urjcgrbs y Nrjcujcgs Pg`hjfbs g `ujfquhbr gtrj prgdbshðo qub ejkh-
fhtb pjrj j`tujr jotb Muznjcgs y Srhkuojfbs.
;.½ Bf cbsblpbúg cb tgcg thpg cb jsbsgrjlhbotg murìch`g, sbj rbtrhkuhcg g og.
og.
0.½ Fj `goch`hðo cb jnbotbs cb sbnurgs y fj cb blpfbjcg cb fgs lhslgs g cb uoj `glpjúìj cb sbnu-
rgs.
3.½ Bf cbsblpbúg cb fgs `jrngs cb nbrbotbs, `gosbmbrgs g jsbsgrbs cb blprbsjs qub pbrshnjo dhobs
fu`rjthvgs.
2.½ Bf cbsblpbúg cb sbrvh`hgs cb nbstgrìj jclhohstrjthvj, yj sbj `glg thtufjr g `glg blpfbjcg cb
tjfbs gdh`hojs.
4.½ Bf bmbr`h`hg cb duo`hgobs pbrh`hjfbs prhvjcjs jotb fgs Srhkuojfbs y Muznjcgs.

HO@GLQJSHKHFHCJCBP
- @ubrpgs Bspb`hjfbs
- @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs

2;;   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

4.3 Jkstbo`hðo y rb`usj`hðo

Fj jkstbo`hðo cbf duo`hgojrhg sb `gluoh`jrê pgr bs`rhtg lgth-
vjcg j quhbo sbj `glpbtbotb pjrj ch`tjr fj rbsgfu`hðo qub
pgonj tèrlhog jf pfbhtg g `jusj bo fj rbspb`thvj hostjo`hj. Bo
`jsg cb sbr bsthljcj fj jkstbo`hðo, sbrê rbblpfjzjcg bo bf
prg`bsg pgr quhbo fbnjflbotb cbkj susthtuhrfb. Cb sbr cbsbsth-
ljcj, ejkrê cb `gothoujr j`tujocg bo bf jsuotg.
Pu rb`usj`hðo sðfg sbrê pgshkfb pgr fjs `jusjs fbnjflbotb
prbvhstjs y pgr fgs trêlhtbs prbvhstgs pjrj fj rb`usj`hðo cb fgs
Fbtrjcgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj `go fjs shnuhbotbs
bx`bp`hgobs=
j) Bf ho`hcbotb nukbrojthvg sb hostruhrê pgr bf Fbtrjcg cb
fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj cbf qub mbrêrquh`jlbotb
cbpbocj, y fg cb`hchrê quhbo sbj `glpbtbotb pjrj ch`tjr fj
rbsgfu`hðo qub pgonj tèrlhog jf pfbhtg g `jusj bo fj rbspb`-
thvj hostjo`hj.
 k) Ph, j fj vhs
vhstj
tj cbf bs`
bs`rht
rhtg
g cb rb`
rb`usj
usj`hðo
`hðo , bf Fbt
Fbtrjc
rjcg
g cb fj
Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj bsthljrb qub fj `jusj og bs cb fjs
thphdh`jcjs bo fj fby, hojclhthrê bo bf j`tg fj pbth`hðo bxprb-
sjocg fjs rjzgobs bo qub sb duocb tjf hojclhshðo. @gotrj
bstj rbsgfu`hðo og sb cjrê rb`ursg jfnuog.
`) Jclhthcg j trêlhtb bf bs`rhtg cb rb`usj`hðo,
rb`usj`hðo, y bo bf cìj
shnuhbotb j su rb`bp`hðo, bf rb`usjcg ljohdbstjrê jf Fbtrjcg
cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj sh sb cj g og fj `jusj
jfbnjcj. @ujocg rb`gogz`j `glg `hbrtj fj `jusj cb rb`usj-
`hðo, bf Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj j`grcjrê
rbblpfjzjr jf rb`usjcg pgr quhbo fbnjflbotb fb cbkj susth-
tuhr. @gotrj bstj rbsgfu`hðo og `jkrê rb`ursg jfnuog.
c) Ph bf rb`usjcg ohbnj fj `brtbzj cb fj `jusj jfbnjcj `glg
duocjlbotg cb fj rb`usj`hðo, bf Fbtrjcg cb fj Jclhohstrj-
`hðo cb Musth`hj, gìcg fg qub bf rb`usjcg jfbnub, cbotrg cbf
quhotg cìj y prj`th`jcjs fjs `glprgkj`hg
`glprgkj`hgobs
obs qub bf rb`usjcg
prgpgonj y sbjo pbrthobotbs g fjs qub èf lhslg `goshcbrb
ob`bsjrhjs, rblhthrê fg j`tujcg j quhbo ejyj cb rbsgfvbr pjrj
qub cb`hcj bf ho`hcbotb.
J fgs duo`hgojrhgs cbf @ubrpg cb Lèch`gs Dgrbosbs, fbs sbrêo
cb jpfh`j`hðo fjs prbs`rhp`hgobs qub bstjkfbz`jo fjs ogrljs [b`ubrcb
prg`bsjfbs rbspb`tg j fj rb`usj`hðo cb pbrhtgs.
Fj curj`hðo cb fj mgrojcj
nbobrjf sbljojf sbrê hnujf j
>. MG[OJCJ X EG[J[HGP fj bstjkfb`hcj pjrj fj Jclh-
ohstrj`hðo Nbobrjf cbf Bstjcg.
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs pgcrêo rbjfh-
>.: Mgrojcj zjr mgrojcjs rbcu`hcjs, bo fgs
supubstgs y `go fjs `goch`hg-
Fj curj`hðo cb fj mgrojcj nbobrjf cb trjkjmg bdb`thvg bo obs bstjkfb`hcjs fbnjf y rbnfj-
`ðlputg joujf y cb jqubffjs mgrojcjs qub ejyjo cb sbr rbjfh- lbotjrhjlbotb.
zjcjs bo rènhlbo cb cbch`j`hðo bspb`hjf, jsì `glg sus bspb-

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2;0
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3
Sglb ogtj
Bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj y
fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs
bo sus rbspb`thvgs tbrrhtg-
rhgs njrjothzjrêo fj jshstbo-
`hj ob`bsjrhj j fgs ðrnjogs g
sbrvh`hgs much`hjfbs bo duo`hg-
obs cb nujrchj. J tjf bdb`tg
prbvhj obng`hj`hðo `go fjs
grnjohzj`hgobs shoch`jfbs  
cbtbrlhojrêo bf oýlbrg cb
duo`hgojrhgs qub ejo cb prbs-
tjr ch`eg sbrvh`hg, fj pbrlj-
obo`hj bo bf ðrnjog much`hjf
g sbrvh`hg g fj shtuj`hðo cb
chspgohkhfhcjc cb fgs lhslgs  
y grnjohzjrêo y chstrhkuhrêo bf
egrjrhg j rbjfhzjr.
2;3
`hdh`hcjcbs, sbrê dhmjcj pgr rbsgfu`hðo cbf ðrnjog `glpbtbotb
cbf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj, prbvhg hodgrlb cb fjs `gluohcjcbs
jutðogljs `go `glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs y obng`hj`hðo `go fjs
grnjohzj`hgobs shoch`jfbs lês rbprbsbotjthvjs.
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs cbkbrêo bmbr`br su j`thvhcjc bo fgs tèrlh-
ogs qub bxhmjo fjs ob`bshcjcbs cbf sbrvh`hg. J tjf bdb`tg, pgr
bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj, prbvhg hodgrlb cb fjs `gluohcjcbs
jutðogljs `go `glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs y obng`hj`hðo `go fjs
grnjohzj`hgobs shoch`jfbs, sb cbtbrlhojrêo fjs `glpbosj`hgobs
egrjrhjs y `ðlputgs bspb`hjfbs `ujocg fj jtbo`hðo cb j`tuj`hg-
obs prg`bsjfbs urnbotbs b hojpfjzjkfbs supgonj uo bx`bsg cb
egrjs sgkrb fj mgrojcj j rbjfhzjr.
Pb pgcrêo bstjkfb`br mgrojcjs sðfg cb ljújoj g mgrojcjs cb
ljújoj y tjrcb pjrj cbtbrlhojcgs sbrvh`hgs u ðrnjogs murhsch`-
`hgojfbs, `ujocg fjs ob`bshcjcbs cbf sbrvh`hg jsì fg j`gosbmbo, y
bo bspb`hjf bo fjs uohcjcbs cb jtbo`hðo jf pýkfh`g, bo fjs qub sb
tbocbrê j julbotjr bf thblpg cb jtbo`hðo j fgs `hucjcjogs.
Fj ho`grpgrj`hðo cb fgs duo`hgojrhgs j fj mgrojcj cb ljújoj
y tjrcb sbrê vgfuotjrhj y cbkbrê hr j`glpjújcj cb lbchcjs
ho`bothvjcgrjs.
Fj chstrhku`hðo cb fj mgrojcj y fj dhmj`hðo cb fgs egrjrhgs sb
cbtbrlhojrê j trjvès cbf `jfbocjrhg fjkgrjf qub, `go `jrê`tbr
joujf, sb jprgkjrê pgr bf ðrnjog `glpbtbotb cbf Lhohstbrhg
cb Musth`hj y cb fjs @gluohcjcbs Jutðogljs `go `glpbtbo-
`hjs jsulhcjs, bo sus rbspb`thvgs êlkhtgs, prbvhg hodgrlb
cbf @gosbmg Nbobrjf cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf y obng`hj`hðo `go fjs
grnjohzj`hgobs shoch`jfbs. Bf `jfbocjrhg fjkgrjf sb cbtbrlhojrê
bo duo`hðo cbf oýlbrg cb egrjs joujfbs cb trjkjmg bdb`thvg.
Qgcrêo bstjkfb`brsb dfbxhkhfhcjcbs egrjrhjs j fj botrjcj y sjfhcj
cbf trjkjmg, njrjothzêocgsb bo tgcg `jsg uo oýlbrg cb egrjs
cb gkfhnjcj `go`urrbo`hj `gothoujcj.
>.; Egrjrhgs
Fgs egrjrhgs qub sb bstjkfbz`jo cbkbrêo rbspbtjr bo tgcg `jsg
bf egrjrhg cb juchbo`hj pýkfh`j.
@ujocg fjs pb`ufhjrhcjcbs cb jfnuogs sbrvh`hgs u ðrnjogs
murhsch``hgojfbs jsì fg j`gosbmbo, pgcrêo bstjkfb`brsb egrjrhgs
bspb`hjfbs, qub dhnurjrêo bo fjs rbfj`hgobs cb pubstgs cb trjkjmg
y sbrêo gkmbtg cbf `glpfblbotg rbtrhkuthvg qub sb cbtbrlhob.
Bf ho`ulpfhlhbotg cb fj mgrojcj cjrê funjr jf cbs`ubotg jutg-
lêth`g cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs `grrbspgochbotbs jf thblpg og trjkj-
mjcg, `jf`ufjcg
`jf`ufjcg bo fj dgrlj
dgrlj bstjkfb`hcj
bstjkfb`hcj pgr fj ogrljthvj
ogrljthvj cb jpfh-
`j`hðo. J bstgs bdb`tgs, sb `goshcbrj trjkjmg bdb`thvg bf prbstjcg
cbotrg cbf egrjrhg bstjkfb`hcg bo fj dgrlj qub sb cbtbrlhob,
tbohbocg bo `ubotj fjs `glpbosj`hgobs egrjrhjs qub prg`bcjo
  bchtgrhjf `bp
   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

y bf qub `grrbspgocj j pbrlhsgs rbtrhkuhcgs, jsì `glg fgs `rèchtgs cb egrjs rbtrhkuhcjs pgr duo`hgobs
shoch`jfbs.
Bf @gosbmg Nbobrjf cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf, gìcgs bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj y fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs `go
`glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs, jsì `glg fgs @gfbnhgs cb Jkgnjcgs y Qrg`urjcgrbs cb `jcj cbljr`j`hðo, cbtbr-
lhojrê fgs ðrnjogs murhsch``hgojfbs y gtrgs sbrvh`hgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj qub ejo cb pbrlj-
ob`br bo sbrvh`hg cb nujrchj, jsì `glg fgs egrjrhgs y fjs `goch`hgobs bo qub sb rbjfhzjrê bf lhslg.

5. TJ@J@HGOBP, QB[LHPGP X FH@BO@HJP

5.: Tj`j`hgobs
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs tbocrêo cbrb`eg j chsdrutjr,
chsd rutjr, curjotb `jcj júg ojturjf, cb uojs vj`j`hgobs rbtrhkuhcjs
bo fjs lhsljs `goch`hgobs qub fjs prbvhstjs j fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo Nbobrjf cbf Bstjcg
bo su ogrljthvj.
Bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj y fjs @gluohcjcbs Jutðogljs bo sus rbspb`thvgs êlkhtgs tbrrhtgrhjfbs, sbrêo
`glpbtbotbs pjrj ch`tjr fjs ogrljs rbspb`tg j fj dgrlj cb chsdrutb cb fjs vj`j`hgobs, jsì `glg sgkrb
fgs prg`bchlhbotgs pjrj su `go`bshðo.

5.; Qbrlhsgs
Qgr `jusjs musthdh`jcjs, fgs duo`hgojrhgs tbocrêo cbrb`eg j hnujfbs pbrlhsgs y `go fj lhslj bxtboshðo
qub fgs bstjkfb`hcgs bo fj ogrljthvj vhnbotb jpfh`jkfb j fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo Nbobrjf
cbf Bstjcg.
Bf chsdrutb cb bstgs pbrlhsgs tbocrê fgs lhslgs cbrb`egs b`goðlh`gs qub fgs duo`hgojrhgs cb fj Jclh-
ohstrj`hðo Nbobrjf cbf Bstjcg.

J. Qbrlhsgs cb fgs duo`hgojrhgs

duo`hgojrhgs pýkfh`gs bstjkfb`hcgs
bstjkfb`hcgs `go `jrê`tbr
`jrê`tbr nbobrjf
bo bf Bstjtutg Kêsh`g cbf Blpfbjcg Qýkfh`g
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs pýkfh`gs tbocrêo fgs shnuhbotbs pbrlhsgs=
j) Qgr djffb`hlhbotg, j``hcbotb g bodbrlbcjc nrjvb cb uo djlhfhjr cbotrg cbf prhlbr nrjcg cb `gosjo-
nuhohcjc g jdhohcjc, trbs cìjs eêkhfbs `ujocg bf su`bsg sb prgcuz`j bo fj lhslj fg`jfhcjc, y `ho`g
cìjs eêkhfbs `ujocg sbj bo chsthotj fg`jfhcjc.
@ujocg sb trjtb
trjtb cbf djffb`hlhbotg, j``hcbotb g bodbrlbcjc nrjvb cb uo djlhfhjr cbotrg cbf sbnuocg
nrjcg cb `gosjonuhohcjc g jdhohcjc, bf pbrlhsg sbrê cb cgs cìjs eêkhfbs `ujocg sb prgcuz`j bo fj
lhslj fg`jfhcjc y cb `ujtrg cìjs eêkhfbs `ujocg sbj bo chsthotj fg`jfhcjc.
 k) Qgr trjsfjcg cb cglh`hfhg sho `jlkhg cb rbshcbo`hj, uo cìj.
`) Qjrj rbjfhzjr duo`hgobs shoch`jfbs g cb rbprbsbotj`hðo cbf pbrsgojf, bo fgs tèrlhogs qub sb cbtbrlhob.
c) Qjrj `go`urrhr j bxêlbobs dhojfbs y cblês prubkjs cbdhohthvjs cb jpthtuc, curjotb fgs cìjs cb su
`bfbkrj`hðo.
b) Qgr bf thblpg hochspbosjkfb pjrj fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb bxêlbobs prbojtjfbs y tè`oh`js
tè`oh`js cb prbpjrj`hðo
jf pjrtg pgr fjs duo`hgojrhjs blkjrjzjcjs y, bo fgs `jsgs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnhlhbotg, g nujrcj `go
dhobs cb jcgp`hðo, pjrj fj jshstbo`hj j fjs prb`bpthvjs sbshgobs cb hodgrlj`hðo y prbpjrj`hðo y pjrj
fj rbjfhzj`hðo cb fgs prb`bpthvgs hodgrlbs psh`gfðnh`gs y sg`hjfbs prbvhgs j fj cb`fjrj`hðo cb hcgobh-
cjc, qub cbkjo rbjfhzjrsb cbotrg cb fj mgrojcj cb trjkjmg.

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2;2
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

d) Qgr fj`tjo`hj cb uo ehmg lbogr cb cg`b lbsbs tbocrê cbrb`eg j uoj uoj egrj cb jusbo`hj cbf trjkjmg
qub pgcrê chvhchr bo cgs drj``hgobs. Bstb cbrb`eg pgcrê susthtuhrsb pgr uoj rbcu``hðo cb fj mgrojcj
ogrljf bo lbchj egrj jf hoh`hg y jf dhojf cb fj mgrojcj g, bo uoj egrj jf hoh`hg g jf dhojf cb fj
 mgrojcj, `go fj lhslj dhojfhcjc. Bstb cbrb`eg
c brb`eg pgcrê sbr bmbr`hcg hochsthotjlbotb pgr uog u gtrg cb
fgs prgnbohtgrbs, bo bf `jsg cb qub jlkgs trjkjmbo.
Hnujflbotb, fj duo`hgojrhj pgcrê sgfh`htjr fj susthtu`hðo cbf thblpg cb fj`tjo`hj pgr uo pbrlhsg
pbrlhsg
rbtrhkuhcg qub j`ulufb bo mgrojcjs `glpfbtjs bf thblpg `grrbspgochbotb.
Bstb pbrlhsg sb ho`rblbotjrê prgpgr`hgojflbotb bo fgs `jsgs cb pjrtg lýfthpfb.
n) Qgr oj`hlhbotg cb ehmgs prbljturgs g qub pgr `ujfquhbr gtrjgtrj `jusj cbkjo pbrljob`br egsphtjfhzj-
cgs j `gothouj`hðo cbf pjrtg, fj duo`hgojrhj g bf duo`hgojrhg tbocrê cbrb`eg j jusbotjrsb cbf trjkjmg
curjotb uo lêxhlg cb cgs egrjs chjrhjs pbr`hkhbocg fjs rbtrhku`hgobs ìotbnrjs.
Jshlhslg, tbocrêo cbrb`eg j rbcu`hr su mgrojcj cb trjkjmg ejstj uo lêxhlg cb cgs egrjs, `go fj
chslhou`hðo prgpgr`hgojf cb sus rbtrhku`hgobs.
e) Qgr rjzgobs cb nujrcj fbnjf, `ujocg bf duo`hgojrhg tbonj bf `uhcjcg chrb`tg cb jfnýo lbogr cb
cg`b júgs, cb pbrsgoj ljygr qub rbquhbrj bspb`hjf cbch`j`hðo, g cb uoj pbrsgoj `go chs`jpj`hcjc
qub og cbsblpbúb j`thvhcjc rbtrhkuhcj, tbocrê cbrb`eg j fj rbcu``hðo cb su mgrojcj cb trjkjmg, `go
fj chslhou`hðo cb sus rbtrhku`hgobs qub `grrbspgocj.
Sbocrê bf lhslg cbrb`eg bf duo`hgojrhg qub prb`hsb
prb`hsb bo`jrnjrsb cbf `uhcjcg chrb`tg cb uo djlhfhjr,
ejstj bf sbnuocg nrjcg cb `gosjonuhohcjc g jdhohcjc, qub pgr rjzgobs cb bcjc, j``hcbotb g bodbr-
lbcjc og pubcj vjfbrsb pgr sì lhslg y qub og cbsblpbúb j`thvhcjc rbtrhkuhcj.
h) Qgr sbr prb`hsg jtbocbr bf `uhcjcg cb uo djlhfhjr cb prhlbr nrjcg, bf duo`hgojrhg
duo`hgojrhg tbocrê cbrb`eg
j sgfh`htjr uoj rbcu``hðo cb ejstj bf `ho`ubotj pgr `hbotg cb fj mgrojcj fjkgrjf, `go `jrê`tbr rbtrh-
 kuhcg, pgr rjzgobs cb bodbrlbcjc luy nrjvb y pgr bf pfjzg lêxhlg cb uo lbs.
Ph eukhbrj
eukhbrj lês cb uo thtufjr
thtufjr cb bstb
bstb cbrb`eg pgr bf lhslg eb`eg
eb`eg `jusjotb,
`jusjotb, bf thblpg cb chsdrutb
chsdrutb cb bstj
rbcu``hðo sb pgcrê prgrrjtbjr botrb fgs lhslgs, rbspbtjocg bo tgcg `jsg, bf pfjzg lêxhlg cb uo lbs.
 m) Qgr thblpg hochspb
hochspbosjkfb
osjkfb pjrj bf `ulpfhlhb
`ulpfhlhbotg
otg cb uo cbkbr hobx`usjk
hobx`usjkfbfb cb `jrê`tbr pýkfh`g g
pbrsgojf y pgr cbkbrbs rbfj`hgojcgs `go fj `go`hfhj`hðo cb fj vhcj djlhfhjr y fjkgrjf.
i) Qgr jsuotgs pjrth`ufjrbs, sbhs cìjs jf júg.
f) Qgr ljtrhlgohg, quho`b cìjs.

K. Qbrlhsgs pgr lgthvgs cb `go`hfhj`hðo cb fj vhcj pbrsgojf,

pbrsgojf, djlhfhjr
y fjkgrjf, pgr rjzðo cb vhgfbo`hj cb nèobrg y pjrj fjs vì`thljs cbf
tbrrgrhslg y sus djlhfhjrbs chrb`tgs
Bo tgcg `jsg sb `go`bcbrêo fgs shnuhbotbs pbrlhsgs `go fjs `grrbspgochbotbs `goch`hgobs lìohljs=
- Qbrlhsg pgr pjrtg=
¾ Sbocrê uoj curj`hðo cb chb`hsèhs sbljojs hohotbrrulphcjs.
¾ Bstb pbrlhsg sb jlpfhjrê bo cgs sbljojs lês bo bf supubstg cb chs`jpj`hcjc cbf ehmg y, pgr
`jcj ehmg j pjrthr cbf sbnuocg, bo fgs supubstgs cb pjrtg lýfthpfb. Bf pbrlhsg sb chstrhkuhrê j
gp`hðo cb fj duo`hgojrhj shblprb qub sbhs sbljojs sbjo holbchjtjlbotb pgstbrhgrbs jf pjrtg.
Bo `jsg cb djffb`hlhbotg cb fj ljcrb, bf gtrg prgnbohtgr pgcrê ej`br usg cb fj tgtjfhcjc g, bo su
`jsg, cb fj pjrtb qub rbstb cb pbrlhsg.
¾ Og gkstjotb fg jotbrhgr, y sho pbrmuh`hg cb fjs sbhs sbljojs holbchjtjs pgstbrhgrbs jf pjrtg cb
cbs`josg gkfhnjtgrhg pjrj fj ljcrb, bo bf `jsg cb qub jlkgs prgnbohtgrbs trjkjmbo, fj ljcrb, jf

2;4   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

hoh`hjrsb bf pbrhgcg cb cbs`josg pgr ljtbrohcjc, pgcrê gptjr pgr qub bf gtrg prgnbohtgr chsdrutb
cb uoj pjrtb cbtbrlhojcj b hohotbrrulphcj cbf pbrhgcg cb cbs`josg pgstbrhgr jf pjrtg, khbo cb
dgrlj shluftêobj g su`bshvj `go bf cb fj ljcrb. Bf gtrg prgnbohtgr pgcrê sbnuhr chsdrutjocg cbf
pbrlhsg cb ljtbrohcjc hoh`hjflbotb `bchcg, juoqub bo bf lglbotg prbvhstg pjrj fj rbho`grpg-
rj`hðo cb fj ljcrb jf trjkjmg èstj sb bo`ubotrb bo shtuj`hðo cb ho`jpj`hcjc tblpgrjf.
¾ Bo fgs `jsgs cb chsdrutb shluftêobg cb pbrhgcgs cb cbs`josg, fj sulj cb fgsfgs lhslgs og pgcrê
bx`bcbr cb fjs chb`hsèhs sbljojs g cb fjs qub `grrbspgocjo bo `jsg cb chs`jpj`hcjc cbf ehmg g cb
pjrtg lýfthpfb.
¾ Bstb pbrlhsg pgcrê chsdrutjrsb j mgrojcj `glpfbtj g j thblpg pjr`hjf, `ujocg fjs ob`bshcjcbs
cbf sbrvh`hg fg pbrlhtjo, y bo fgs tèrlhogs qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb cbtbrlhobo.
¾ Bo fgs `jsgs
`jsgs cb pjrtg
pjrtg prbljturg y bo jquèffgs
jquèffgs bo qub, pgr `ujfquhbr
`ujfquhbr gtrj `jusj,
`jusj, bf obgojtg cbkj
pbrljob`br egsphtjfhzjcg j `gothouj`hðo cbf pjrtg, bstb pbrlhsg sb jlpfhjrê bo tjotgs cìjs
`glg bf obgojtg sb bo`ubotrb egsphtjfhzjcg, `go uo lêxhlg cb trb`b sbljojs jch`hgojfbs.
¾ Curjotb bf chsdrutb cb bstb pbrlhsg sb pgcrê pjrth`hpjr
pjrth`hpjr bo fgs `ursgs cb dgrlj`hðo qub `govgqub
`govgqub
fj Jclhohstrj`hðo.
- Qbrlhsg pgr jcgp`hðo, pgr nujrcj `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo, g j`gnhlhbot
j`gnhlhbotg,
g, tjotg tblpgrjf `glg
pbrljobotb=
¾ Sbocrê uoj curj`hðo cb chb`hsèhs sbljojs hohotbrrulphcjs.
¾ Bstb pbrlhsg sb jlpfhjrê bo cgs sbljojs lês bo bf supubstg cb chs`jpj`hcjc cbf lbogr jcgp-
tjcg g j`gnhcg y pgr `jcj ehmg, j pjrthr cbf sbnuocg, bo fgs supubstgs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnhlhbotg
lýfthpfb.
¾ Bf `ðlputg
`ðlputg cbf pfjzg sb `gotjrê j bfb``hðo cbf duo`hgojrhg, j pjrthr cb fj cb`hshðo jclhohstrjthvj
cb nujrcj `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnhlhbotg, g j pjrthr cb fj rbsgfu`hðo much`hjf pgr fj qub
sb `gosthtuyj fj jcgp`hðo sho qub bo ohonýo `jsg uo lhslg lbogr pubcj cjr cbrb`eg j vjrhgs
pbrhgcgs cb chsdrutb cb bstb pbrlhsg.
¾ Bo bf `jsg cb qub jlkgs prgnbohtgrbs trjkjmbo, bf pbrlhsg sb chstrhkuhrê j gp`hðo cb fgs hotbrbsj-
cgs, qub pgcrêo chsdrutjrfg cb dgrlj shluftêobj g su`bshvj, shblprb bo pbrhgcgs hohotbrrulphcgs.
¾ Bo fgs `jsgs cb chsdrutb shluftêobg cb pbrhgcgs cb cbs`josg, fj sulj cb fgs
fgs lhslgs og pgcrê
bx`bcbr cb fjs chb`hsèhs sbljojs g cb fjs qub `grrbspgocjo bo `jsg cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnhlhbotg
lýfthpfb y cb chs`jpj`hcjc cbf lbogr jcgptjcg g j`gnhcg.
¾ Bstb pbrlhsg pgcrê chsdrutjrsb
chsdrutjrsb j mgrojcj `glpfbtj
`glpfbtj g j thblpg pjr`hjf, `ujocg fjs ob`bshcjcbs cb
sbrvh`hg fg pbrlhtjo, y bo fgs tèrlhogs qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb cbtbrlhob.
¾ Ph dubrj ob`bsjrhg bf cbspfjzjlhbotg prbvhg cb fgs prgnbohtgrbs jf pjìs cb grhnbo cbf jcgptjcg,
bo fgs `jsgs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnhlhbotg hotbroj`hgojf, sb tbocrê cbrb`eg, jcblês, j uo pbrlhsg
cb ejstj cgs lbsbs cb curj`hðo, pbr`hkhbocg curjotb bstb pbrhgcg bx`fushvjlbotb fjs rbtrhku`hg-
obs kêsh`js.
¾ @go hocbpbocbo`hj cbf pbrlhsg cb ejstj cgs lbsbs prbvhstg bo bf pêrrjdg jotbrhgr y pjrj bf
supubstg `gotblpfjcg bo ch`eg pêrrjdg, bf pbrlhsg pgr jcgp`hðo, nujrcj `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo
g j`gnhlhbotg, tjotg tblpgrjf `glg pbrljobotb, pgcrê hoh`hjrsb ejstj `ujtrg sbljojs jotbs cb
fj rbsgfu`hðo much`hjf pgr fj qub sb `gosthtuyj fj jcgp`hðo g fj cb`hshðo jclhohstrjthvj g much`hjf
cb j`gnhlhbotg.
¾ Curjotb bf chsdrutb cb bstb pbrlhsg sb pgcrê pjrth`hpjr
pjrth`hpjr bo fgs `ursgs cb dgrlj`hðo qub `govgqub
`govgqub
fj Jclhohstrj`hðo.

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2;>
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

¾ Fgs supubstgs cb jcgp`hðo, nujrcj `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnhlhbotg, tjotg

tjotg tblpgrjf
tblpgrjf `glg
pbrljobotb, prbvhstgs bo bstb jrtì`ufg sbrêo fgs qub jsì sb bstjkfbz`jo bo bf @ðchng @hvhf g bo
fjs fbybs `hvhfbs cb fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs qub fgs rbnufbo, cbkhbocg tbobr bf j`gnhlhbotg
tblpgrjf uoj curj`hðo og hodbrhgr j uo júg.
- Qbrlhsg cb pjtbrohcjc
pjtbrohcjc pgr bf oj`hlhbotg, nujrcj `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo,
jcgp`hðo, j`gnhlhbotg
j`gnhlhbotg g jcgp`hðo cb
uo ehmg=
¾ Sbocrê uoj curj`hðo cb `ujtrg sbljojs, j chsdrutjr pgr bf pjcrb g bf gtrg prgnbohtgr j pjrthr cb
fj db`ej cbf oj`hlhbotg, cb fj cb`hshðo jclhohstrjthvj cb nujrcj `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnh-
lhbotg, g cb fj rbsgfu`hðo much`hjf pgr fj qub sb `gosthtuyj fj jcgp`hðo.
¾ Bstb pbrlhsg bs hocbpbochbotb cbf chsdrutb `glpjrthcg cb fgs pbrlhsgs `gotblpfjcgs bo fgs
jpjrtjcgs j) y k).
¾ Bo fgs `jsgs prbvhstgs bo fgs jpjrtjcgs j), k), y `) bf thblpg trjos`urrhcg curjotb bf chsdrutb cb
bstgs pbrlhsgs sb `glputjrê `glg cb sbrvh`hg bdb`thvg j tgcgs fgs bdb`tgs, njrjothzêocgsb fj
pfbohtuc cb cbrb`egs b`goðlh`gs cb fj duo`hgojrhj y, bo su `jsg, cbf gtrg prgnbohtgr duo`hgoj-
rhg, curjotb tgcg bf pbrhgcg cb curj`hðo cbf pbrlhsg, y, bo su `jsg, curjotb fgs pbrhgcgs pgstb-
rhgrbs jf chsdrutb cb bstb, sh cb j`ubrcg `go fj ogrljthvj jpfh`jkfb, bf cbrb`eg j pbr`hkhr jfnýo
`go`bptg rbtrhkuthvg sb cbtbrlhoj bo duo`hðo cbf pbrhgcg cb chsdrutb cbf pbrlhsg.
¾ Fgs duo`hgojrhgs
duo`hgojrhgs qub ejyjo eb`eg usg cbf pbrlhsg pgrpgr pjrtg g ljtbrohcjc, pjtbrohcjc, jcgp-
`hðo nujrcj `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnhlhbotg tjotg tblpgrjf `glg pbrljobotb, tbocrêo
cbrb`eg, uoj vbz dhojfhzjcg bf pbrhgcg cb pbrlhsg, j rbhotbnrjrsb j su pubstg cb trjkjmg bo
tèrlhogs y `goch`hgobs qub og fbs rbsuftbo lbogs djvgrjkfbs jf chsdrutb cbf pbrlhsg, jsì `glg j
 kbobdh`hjrsb cb `ujfquhbr lbmgrj bo fjs `goch`hgobs cb trjkjmg j fjs qub eukhbrjo pgchcg tbobr
cbrb`eg curjotb su jusbo`hj.
- Qbrlhsg pgr
pgr rjzðo
rjzðo cb vhgfbo`hj cb nèobrg sgkrb fj lumbr duo`hgojrhj=
¾ Fjs djftjs cb jshstbo`hj cb fjs duo`hgojrhjs vì`thljs
vì`thljs cb vhgfbo`hj cb nèobrg, tgtjfbs g pjr`hjfbs,
tbocrêo fj `goshcbrj`hðo cb musthdh`jcjs pgr bf thblpg y bo fjs `goch`hgobs bo qub jsì fg cbtbrlh-
obo fgs sbrvh`hgs sg`hjfbs cb jtbo`hðo g cb sjfuc sbnýo prg`bcj.
¾ Jshlhslg, fjs duo`hgojrhjs vì`thljs
vì`thljs cb vhgfbo`hj
vhgfbo`hj sgkrb fj lumbr, pjrj ej`br bdb`thvj su prgtb`-
`hðo g su cbrb`eg cb jshstbo`hj sg`hjf hotbnrjf, tbocrêo cbrb`eg j fj rbcu``hðo cb fj mgrojcj `go
chslhou`hðo prgpgr`hgojf cb fj rbtrhku`hðo, g fj rbgrcboj`hðo cbf thblpg cb trjkjmg, j trjvès cb
fj jcjptj`hðo cbf egrjrhg, cb fj jpfh`j`hðo cbf egrjrhg dfbxhkfb g cb gtrjs dgrljs cb grcboj`hðo
cbf thblpg cb trjkjmg qub sbjo jpfh`jkfbs, bo fgs tèrlhogs qub pjrj bstgs supubstgs bstjkfbz`j fj
Jclhohstrj`hðo Qýkfh`j `glpbtbotb bo `jsj `jsg.
- Qbrlhsg pgr `uhcjcg cb ehmg lbogr jdb`tjcg pgr
pgr `êo`br u gtrj bodbrlbcjc nrjvb=
¾ Bf duo`hgojrhg tbocrê cbrb`eg, shblprb qub jlkgs prgnbohtgrbs,
prgnbohtgrbs, jcgptjotbs,
jcgptjotbs, nujrcjcgrbs `go
dhobs cb jcgp`hðo g j`gnbcgrbs cb `jrê`tbr pbrljobotb trjkjmbo, j uoj rbcu``hðo cb fj mgrojcj
cb trjkjmg cb jf lbogs fj lhtjc cb fj curj`hðo cb jquèffj, pbr`hkhbocg fjs rbtrhku`hgobs ìotbnrjs
`go `jrng j fgs prbsupubstgs cbf ðrnjog g bothcjc cgocb vbonj prbstjocg sus sbrvh`hgs, pjrj bf
`uhcjcg, curjotb fj egsphtjfhzj`hðo y trjtjlhbotg `gothoujcg, cbf ehmg lbogr cb bcjc jdb`tjcg
pgr `êo`br (tulgrbs ljfhnogs, lbfjogljs g `jr`hogljs) g pgr `ujfquhbr gtrj bodbrlbcjc nrjvb
qub hlpfhqub uo honrbsg egsphtjfjrhg cb fjrnj curj`hðo y rbquhbrj fj ob`bshcjc cb su `uhcjcg
chrb`tg, `gothoug y pbrljobotb j`rbchtjcg pgr bf hodgrlb cbf sbrvh`hg pýkfh`g cb sjfuc u ðrnjog
jclhohstrjthvg sjohtjrhg cb fj `gluohcjc jutðoglj g, bo su `jsg, cb fj bothcjc sjohtjrhj `go`br-
tjcj `grrbspgochbotb y, `glg lêxhlg, ejstj qub bf lbogr `ulpfj fgs :5 júgs.

2;5   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

¾ @ujocg `go`urrjo bo jlkgs prgnbohtgrbs, jcgptjotbs, nujrcjcgrbs `go dhobs cb jcgp`hðo g

j`gnbcgrbs cb `jrê`tbr pbrljobotb, pgr bf lhslg sumbtg y eb`eg `jusjotb, fjs `hr`uostjo`hjs
ob`bsjrhjs pjrj tbobr cbrb`eg j bstb pbrlhsg g, bo su `jsg, pubcjo tbobr fj `goch`hðo cb kbobdh-
`hjrhgs cb fj prbstj`hðo bstjkfb`hcj pjrj bstb dho bo bf [ènhlbo cb fj Pbnurhcjc Pg`hjf qub fbs sbj
cb jpfh`j`hðo, bf duo`hgojrhg tbocrê cbrb`eg j fj pbr`bp`hðo cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs ìotbnrjs curjotb
bf thblpg qub curb fj rbcu``hðo cb su mgrojcj cb trjkjmg, shblprb qub bf gtrg prgnbohtgr, jcgp-
tjotb g j`gnbcgr cb `jrê`tbr prbjcgpthvg g pbrljobotb, sho pbrmuh`hg cbf cbrb`eg j fj rbcu``hðo
cb mgrojcj qub fb `grrbspgocj, og `gkrb sus rbtrhku`hgobs ìotbnrjs bo vhrtuc cb bstb pbrlhsg g
`glg kbobdh`hjrhg cb fj prbstj`hðo bstjkfb`hcj pjrj bstb dho bo bf [ènhlbo cb fj Pbnurhcjc Pg`hjf
qub fb sbj cb jpfh`j`hðo. Bo `jsg `gotrjrhg, sðfg sb tbocrê cbrb`eg j fj rbcu``hðo cb mgrojcj, `go
fj `goshnuhbotb rbcu``hðo cb rbtrhku`hgobs.
¾ Jshlhslg, bo bf supubstg cb qub jlkgs prbstbo sbrvh`hgs bo bf lhslg ðrnjog g bothcjc, èstj
pgcrê fhlhtjr su bmbr`h`hg shluftêobg pgr rjzgobs duocjcjs bo bf `grrb`tg duo`hgojlhbotg cbf
sbrvh`hg.
¾ [bnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb bstjkfb`brêo fjs `goch`hgobs y supubstgs bo fgs qub bstj rbcu``hðo cb
 mgrojcj sb pgcrê j`ulufjr bo mgrojcjs `glpfbtjs
`glpfbtjs
- Qbrlhsg pjrj fjs vì`thljs cbf tbrrgrhslg
tbrrgrhslg y sus djlhfhjrbs chrb`tgs
¾ Qjrj ej`br bdb`thvg su cbrb`eg j fj prgtb``hðo
prgtb``hðo y j fj jshstbo`hj sg`hjf hotbnrjf, fgs duo`hgojrhgs
qub ejyjo sudrhcg cjúgs dìsh`gs g psìquh`gs `glg `gosb`ubo`hj cb fj j`thvhcjc tbrrgrhstj, su
`ðoyunb g pbrsgoj `go joêfgnj rbfj`hðo cb jdb`thvhcjc, y fgs ehmgs cb fgs ebrhcgs y djffb`hcgs,
shblprb qub gstbotbo fj `goch`hðo cb duo`hgojrhgs y cb vì`thljs cbf tbrrgrhslg cb j`ubrcg `go
fj fbnhsfj`hðo vhnbotb, jsì `glg fgs duo`hgojrhgs jlbojzjcgs bo fgs tèrlhogs cbf jrtì`ufg 2 cb
fj Fby ;8/;1::, cb ;; cb sbpthblkrb, cb [b`gog`hlhbotg y Qrgtb``hðo Hotbnrjf j fjs Tì`thljs
cbf Sbrrgrhslg, prbvhg rb`gog`hlhbotg cbf Lhohstbrhg cbf Hotbrhgr g cb sbotbo`hj much`hjf dhrlb,
tbocrêo cbrb`eg j fj rbcu``hðo cb fj mgrojcj `go chslhou`hðo prgpgr`hgojf cb fj rbtrhku`hðo, g j
fj rbgrcboj`hðo cbf thblpg cb trjkjmg, j trjvès cb fj jcjptj`hðo cbf egrjrhg, cb fj jpfh`j`hðo cbf
egrjrhg dfbxhkfb g cb gtrjs dgrljs cb grcboj`hðo cbf thblpg cb trjkjmg qub sbjo jpfh`jkfbs, bo fgs
tèrlhogs qub bstjkfbz`j fj Jclhohstrj`hðo `glpbtbotb bo `jcj `jsg.
¾ Ch`ejs lbchcjs sbrêo jcgptjcjs y ljotbohcjs bo bf thblpg bo tjotg qub rbsuftbo ob`bsjrhjs
pjrj fj prgtb``hðo y jshstbo`hj sg`hjf hotbnrjf cb fj pbrsgoj j fj qub sb `go`bcb, yj sbj pgr rjzðo
cb fjs sb`ubfjs prgvg`jcjs pgr fj j``hðo tbrrgrhstj, yj sbj pgr fj jlbojzj j fj qub sb bo`ubotrj
sglbthcj, bo fgs tèrlhogs prbvhstgs rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb.

QB[LHPGP BPQB@ÌDH@GP QJ[J @GO@HFHJ@HÐO, THGFBO@HJ CB NÈOB[G

X SB[[G[HPLG
- Qgr pjrtg
- Qgr jcgp`hðo, pgr nujrcj `go obs cb jcgp`hðo, g j`gnhlhbotg
j`gnhlhbotg
- Qgr pjtbrohcjc
- Qgr rjzðo cb vhgfbo`hj cb nèobrg cb fj lumbr duo`hgojrhj
- Qgr `uhcjcg cb ehmg lbogr jdb`tjcg
jdb`tjcg cb `êo`br u gtrj bodbrlbcjc nrjvb
- Qgr sbr vì`thlj cbf tbrrgrhslg

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         2;8
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3
Hlpgrtjotb
Fj Fby Grnêoh`j cbf Qgcbr
 Much`hjf rb`gog`b j fgs duo`hg-
ojrhgs jf sbrvh`hg cb fj jclh-
ohstrj`hðo cb musth`hj, fh`bo`hjs
pgr fgs shnuhbotbs lgthvgs=
- Ljtrhlgohg
- Qjrj fj rbjfhzj`hðo
rbjfhzj`hðo g jshs-
tbo`hj j `ursgs cb dgrlj-
`hðo y pbrdb``hgojlhbotg
- Qgr jsuotgs prgphgs
- Qjrj fj rbjfhzj`hð o cb fjs
prê`th`js trjs bf prg`bsg
sbfb`thvg, `ujocg yj sb
bstuvhbsb prbstjocg sbrvh-
`hgs
- Qgr bodbrlbcjc g j``hcbotb
qub hlphcj bf ogrljf cbsj-
rrgffg cb fjs duo`hgobs
201
5.0 Fh`bo`hjs
- Qgr rjzðo cb ljtrhlgohg,
ljtrhlgohg, fgs duo`hgojrhgs tbocrêo cbrb`eg
j uoj fh`bo`hj cb quho`b cìjs cb curj`hðo y sb `go`bcbrê `go
pfbohtuc cb cbrb`egs b`goðlh`gs.
- Qgcrêo `go`bcbrsb fh`bo`hjs pjrj dgrlj`hðo y pbrdb``hgoj-
lhbotg bo fgs shnuhbotbs `jsgs=
j) Qjrj fj jshstbo`hj j `ursgs cb dgrlj`hðo ho`fuhcgs bo fgs
pfjobs cb dgrlj`hðo qub sb `bfbkrbo joujflbotb, grnj-
ohzjcgs pgr bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj, fjs `gluohcjcbs
jutðogljs, fjs grnjohzj`hgobs shoch`jfbs u gtrjs bothcj-
cbs pýkfh`js g prhvjcjs.
Fj curj`hðo y dgrlj cb chsdrutb bstjrêo cbtbrlhojcjs
pgr fj curj`hðo y prgnrjlj`hðo cb fgs `ursgs j rbjfhzjr y
og supgocrêo fhlhtj`hðo jfnuoj cb ejkbrbs.
 k) Qjrj fj jshstbo`hj j `ursgs, `gonrbsgs g mgrojcjs, shbl-
prb qub bstèo rbfj`hgojcjs `go fjs duo`hgobs prgphjs
cbf `ubrpg jf qub pbrtbob`b bf duo`hgojrhg y supgonjo
`glpfbtjr su dgrlj`hðo pjrj bf bmbr`h`hg cb fjs lhsljs.
Pu `go`bshðo bstjrê sukgrchojcj j fjs ob`bshcjcbs cbf sbrvh-
`hg y j fjs chspgohkhfhcjcbs prbsupubstjrhjs y su curj`hðo
vbocrê cbtbrlhojcj pgr fj cb fgs `ursgs, `gonrbsgs g mgroj-
cjs.
Bstjs fh`bo`hjs cjrêo cbrb`eg j pbr`hkhr fjs rbtrhku`hgobs
 kêsh`js y fjs prbstj`hgobs pgr ehmg j `jrng.
- Fgs duo`hgojrhgs pgcrêo chsdrutjr cb fh`bo`hjs
fh`bo`hjs pgr
pgr jsuotgs
prgphgs sho cbrb`eg j rbtrhku`hðo jfnuoj, `uyj curj`hðo
j`ulufjcj og pgcrê, bo ohonýo `jsg, bx`bcbr cb trbs lbsbs
`jcj cgs júgs cb sbrvh`hgs bdb`thvgs y su `go`bshðo bstjrê
sukgrchojcj j fjs ob`bshcjcbs cbf sbrvh`hg.
- Zuhbobs, trjs fj supbrj`hðo cb fjs `grrbspgochbotbs prubkjs
sbfb`thvjs eukhbsbo shcg oglkrjcgs duo`hgojrhgs bo prê`th`js
y yj bstuvhbsbo prbstjocg sbrvh`hgs rbluobrjcgs bo fj Jclh-
ohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj `glg duo`hgojrhgs, tbocrêo cbrb`eg j
uoj fh`bo`hj bxtrjgrchojrhj curjotb bf thblpg qub sb prgfgo-
nub ch`ej shtuj`hðo y pbr`hkhrêo fjs rbtrhku`hgobs qub pjrj fgs
duo`hgojrhgs bo prê`th`js bstjkfbz`j fj ogrljthvj vhnbotb.
- Fj bodbrlbcjc g j``hcbotb qub hlphcj bf ogrljf cbsblpbúg
cb fjs duo`hgobs, cjrê funjr j fh`bo`hjs pgr bodbrlbcjc.
Pho pbrmuh`hg cb fj gkfhnj`hðo cb `gluoh`jr, bo fj dgrlj
qub rbnfjlbotjrhjlbotb sb cbtbrlhob, fj hlpgshkhfhcjc cb
jshstbo`hj jf trjkjmg pgr rjzðo cb bodbrlbcjc curjotb fj
 mgrojcj fjkgrjf cbf cìj
c ìj bo qub èstj
ès tj sb prgcuz`j, fgs duo`hg-
ojrhgs cbkbrêo sgfh`htjr cb fj jutgrhcjc `glpbtbotb fj fh`bo-
`hj pgr bodbrlbcjc bo bf `ujrtg cìj `gosb`uthvg cbscb qub
sb prgcumg fj jusbo`hj bo bf pubstg cb trjkjmg.
  bchtgrhjf `bp
   }        
 Fgs @ubrpgs Nbobrjfbs (H)

Fj fh`bo`hj hoh`hjf sb `go`bcbrê pgr

pgr bf thblpg qub bf dj`uftjthvg ejyj `goshcbrjcg
`goshcbrjcg `glg prbvhshkfb pjrj
fj `urj`hðo y, bo ohonýo `jsg, pgr pbrìgcg supbrhgr j :2 cìjs. Ph bf bstjcg cb bodbrlbcjc pbrshsthbrj, fj
fh`bo`hj hoh`hjf sb prgrrgnjrê jutglêth`jlbotb bo fj dgrlj qub sb cbtbrlhob pgr fj jutgrhcjc `glpb-
tbotb pjrj su `go`bshðo, qubcjocg sho bdb`tg sh `go jotbrhgrhcjc sb prgcu`b fj `urj`hðo.
Sjotg fj fh`bo`hj hoh`hjf `glg fjs prðrrgnjs,
prðrrgnjs, sb `go`bcbrêo prbvhj prbsbotj`hðo cbf pjrtb cb kjmj g
`brthdh`j`hðo lèch`j qub j`rbchtb fj `brtbzj cb fj bodbrlbcjc y fj hlpgshkhfhcjc cb jshsthr jf trjkjmg.
Pb `go`bcbrêo
`go`bcbrêo fh`bo`hjs pgr bodbrlbcjc cbrhvjcjs cb uo lhslg prg`bsg pjtgfðnh`g, ejstj uo
lêxhlg cb :; lbsbs prgrrgnjkfbs pgr gtrgs sbhs, `ujocg sb prbsulj qub curjotb bffgs pubcj bf
trjkjmjcgr sbr cjcg cb jftj lèch`j pgr `urj`hðo. Srjos`urrhcgs ch`egs pfjzgs, sb prgrrgnjrêo fjs
fh`bo`hjs ejstj bf lglbotg cb fj cb`fjrj`hðo cb fj mukhfj`hðo pgr ho`jpj`hcjc pbrljobotb g cbf jftj
lèch`j sho qub, bo ohonýo `jsg, pubcjo bx`bcbr cb 01 lbsbs cbscb fj db`ej cb fj sgfh`htuc cb fj
fh`bo`hj hoh`hjf.
J bstgs
bstgs bdb`tgs, sb botbocbrê qub bxhstb oubvj fh`bo`hj pgr bodbrlbcjc `ujocg bf prg`bsg
prg`bsg pjtgfð-
pjtgfð-
nh`g sbj chdbrbotb y, bo tgcg `jsg, `ujocg fjs fh`bo`hjs sb ejyjo hotbrrulphcg curjotb uo lìohlg
cb uo júg.
Fgs duo`hgojrhgs
duo`hgojrhgs cb fgs @ubrpgs
@ubrpgs jf Pbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj bo shtuj`hðo
shtuj`hðo cb ho`jpj-
`hcjc tblpgrjf pgr `gothonbo`hjs `gluobs, pbr`hkhrêo bf `ho`ubotj pgr `hbotg cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs
tjotg kêsh`js `glg `glpfblbotjrhjs, `glg, bo su `jsg, fj prbstj`hðo pgr ehmg j `jrng, cbscb bf
prhlbr jf tbr`br cìj cb fj shtuj`hðo cb ho`jpj`hcjc tblpgrjf, tgljocg `glg rbdbrbo`hj jquèffjs qub
pbr`hkìjo bo bf lbs holbchjtg jotbrhgr jf cb `jusjrsb fj shtuj`hðo cb ho`jpj`hcjc tblpgrjf. Cbscb
bf cìj `ujrtg jf vhnèshlg cìj, jlkgs ho`fushvb, pbr`hkhrêo bf sbtbotj y `ho`g pgr `hbotg cb fjs rbtrh-
 ku`hgobs tjotg kêsh`js `glg `glpfblbotjrhjs,
`glpfblbotjrhjs, `glg cb fj prbstj`hðo pgr ehmg j `jrng,
`jrng, bo su `jsg. J
pjrthr cbf cìj vhnèshlg prhlbrg y ejstj bf cìj `hbotg g`ebotj, jlkgs ho`fushvb, pbr`hkhrêo fj tgtjfh-
cjc cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs kêsh`js, cb fj prbstj`hðo pgr ehmg j `jrng, bo su `jsg, y cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs
`glpfblbotjrhjs. @ujocg fj shtuj`hðo cb ho`jpj`hcjc tblpgrjf cbrhvb cb `gothonbo`hjs prgdbshg-
ojfbs, fj rbtrhku`hðo j pbr`hkhr pgcrê sbr `glpfblbotjcj cbscb bf prhlbr cìj, ejstj jf`jozjr `glg
lêxhlg fjs rbtrhku`hgobs qub vhohbrjo `grrbspgochbocg j ch`eg pbrsgojf bo bf lbs jotbrhgr jf cb
`jusjrsb fj ho`jpj`hcjc.
J pjrthr cbf cìj `hbotg g`ebotj
g`ebotj y uog sbrê cb jpfh`j`hðo
jpfh`j`hðo bf sukshchg bstjkfb`hcg bo bf jpjrtjcg :.K)
cbf jrtì`ufg ;1 cbf [bjf Cb`rbtg Fbnhsfjthvg 0/;111, cb ;0 cb muohg, pgr bf qub sb jprubkj bf tbxtg
rbduochcg cb fjs chspgsh`hgobs fbnjfbs vhnbotbs sgkrb bf [ènhlbo bspb`hjf cb Pbnurhcjc Pg`hjf cbf
pbrsgojf jf sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj.

[bjf Cb`rbtg Fbnhsfjthvg 0/;111, cb ;0 cb muohg, pgr bf qub sb jprubkj bf tbxtg rbduochcg cb fjs
chspgsh`hgobs fbnjfbs vhnbotbs sgkrb bf [ènhlbo bspb`hjf cb Pbnurhcjc Pg`hjf cbf pbrsgojf jf
sbrvh`hg cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj
Jrtì`ufg ;1 Cbrb`egs b`goðlh`gs
K) Cbscb bf sèpthlg lbs, pbr`hkhrê fjs rbtrhku`hgobs kêsh`js y, bo su `jsg, fj prbstj`hðo pgr ehmg j `jrng y uo
sukshchg pgr ho`jpj`hcjc tblpgrjf j `jrng cb fj Lutujfhcjc Nbobrjf Much`hjf, `uyj `ujotìj, dhmj b hovjrhjkfb
lhbotrjs curb fj ho`jpj`hcjc, sbrê fj ljygr cb fjs cgs `jothcjcbs shnuhbotbs=
:.ª Bf 51 pgr :11 cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs kêsh`js (subfcg y trhbohgs), ho`rblbotjcjs bo fj sbxtj pjrtb cb uoj pjnj
bxtrjgrchojrhj, `grrbspgochbotbs jf prhlbr lbs cb fh`bo`hj.
;.ª Bf >2 pgr :11 cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs `glpfblbotjrhjs cbvbonjcjs bo bf prhlbr lbs cb fh`bo`hj.
Fj sulj cb fjs `jothcjcbs jotbrhgrbs og pgcrê bx`bcbr cbf hlpgrtb cb fjs pbr`bp`hgobs qub bf duo`hgojrhg tuvhbrj
bo bf prhlbr lbs cb fh`bo`hj.

bchtgrhjf `bp
   }         20:
Grnjohzj`hðo y Bstru`turj cbf Qgcbr Much`hjf. Sblj :3

Qgr bf ðrnjog `glpbtbotb sb cbtbrlhojrêo fgs supubstgs bo fgs qub

qub `go `jrê`tbr bx`bp`hgojf
bx`bp`hgojf y cbkh-
cjlbotb musthdh`jcgs sb pubcj bstjkfb`br uo `glpfblbotg ejstj jf`jozjr, `glg lêxhlg, bf `hbo pgr
`hbo cb fjs rbtrhku`hgobs qub vhohbrjo chsdrutjocg bo `jcj lglbotg. J bstgs bdb`tgs, sb `goshcbrj-
rêo bo tgcg `jsg cbkhcjlbotb musthdh`jcgs fgs supubstgs cb egsphtjfhzj`hðo b hotbrvbo`hðo quhrýr-
nh`j.
Bo ohonýo `jsg fgs duo`hgojrhgs jcs`rhtgs j fgs
fgs rbnìlbobs bspb`hjfbs cb sbnurhcjc sg`hjf nbsthgoj-
cgs pgr bf lutujfhslg jclhohstrjthvg pgcrêo pbr`hkhr uoj `jothcjc hodbrhgr bo shtuj`hðo cb ho`j-
pj`hcjc tblpgrjf pgr `gothonbo`hjs `gluobs j fj qub `grrbspgocj j fgs duo`hgojrhgs jcs`rhtgs jf
rènhlbo nbobrjf cb fj sbnurhcjc sg`hjf, ho`fuhcgs, bo su `jsg, fgs `glpfblbotgs qub fbs rbsuftbo cb
jpfh`j`hðo j bstgs ýfthlgs.
Fjs rbdbrbo`hjs j cìjs ho`fuhcjs bo bf prbsbotb
prbsbotb oýlbrg sb botbocbrêo rbjfhzjcjs j cìjs ojturjfbs.
ojturjfbs.
Fj jusbo`hj jf trjkjmg pgr `jusj cb bodbrlbcjc g j``hcbotb qub og cè funjr j uoj shtuj`hðo
shtuj`hðo cb ho`j-
ho`j-
pj`hcjc tblpgrjf, `glpgrtjrê fj jpfh`j`hðo cbf cbs`ubotg bo oðlhoj
o ðlhoj bo fgs tèrlhogs y `goch`hgobs
qub sb bstjkfbz`jo pgr fj ogrljthvj bspb`ìdh`j qub jf bdb`tg sb ch`tb.
Bf Lhohstbrhg cb Musth`hj y fjs `gluohcjcbs jutðogljs `go `glpbtbo`hjs jsulhcjs, sbrêo `glpbtbotbs
pjrj fj `go`bshðo cb fgs pbrlhsgs y fh`bo`hjs bstjkfb`hcgs bo fj FGQM, rbspb`tg cb fgs duo`hgojrhgs qub
prbstbo sbrvh`hgs bo sus rbspb`thvgs êlkhtgs tbrrhtgrhjfbs, bo fj dgrlj y lbchjotb bf prg`bchlhbotg qub
sb bstjkfbz`j bo fjs chspgsh`hgobs qub sb ch`tbo jf bdb`tg pgr fjs lhsljs.
Jshlhslg fbs `grrbspgocb bf `gotrgf cb fj ho`jpj`hcjc tblpgrjf cbf pbrsgojf duo`hgojrhg jf sbrvh`hg
cb fj Jclhohstrj`hðo cb Musth`hj, puchbocg sgfh`htjr bf jsbsgrjlhbotg dj`uftjthvg qub bo su `jsg bsthlb
ob`bsjrhg, j `uyg dho pgcrêo bstjkfb`br shstbljs cb `gfjkgrj`hðo `go jqubffgs grnjohslgs pýkfh`gs g
bothcjcbs qub bo sus rbspb`thvgs êlkhtgs jsulbo fj hospb``hðo, bvjfuj`hðo y sbnuhlhbotg cbf `gotrgf
cb fj ho`jpj`hcjc tblpgrjf cbf rènhlbo nbobrjf cb fj sbnurhcjc sg`hjf y cb fgs rbnìlbobs bspb`hjfbs.

20;   bchtgrhjf `bp

   }