BIG IDEAS MAT H. A Common Core Curriculum Ron Larson Laurie Boswell BIG IDEAS EARNING-BIG IDEAS ? LEARNING» Big Ideas Learning, LLC 1762 Norcross Road Erie, PA 16510-3838 USA For product information and customer support, contact Big Ideas Learning at 1-877-552-7766 or visit us at BigldeasLearning.com. Cover Image Pavelk/Shutterstock.com, Rob Wilson/Shutterstock.com, valdis torms/Shutterstock.com About the Cover ‘The cover images on the Big Ideas Math series illustrate the advancements in aviation from the hot-air balloon to spacecraft. This progression symbolizes the launch of a student's successful journey in mathematics. The sunrise in the background is representative of the dawn of the Common Core era in math education, while the cradle signifies the balanced instruction that is a pillar of the Big Ideas Math series. Copyright © 2017, 2014 by Big Ideas Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including, but not limited to, photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission of Big Ideas Learning, LLC unless such copying is expressly permitted by copyright law. ‘Address inquiries to Permissions, Big Ideas Learning, LLC, 1762 Norcross Road, Erie, PA 16510. Big Ideas Learning and Big Ideas Math are registered trademarks of Larson Texts, Inc. Common Core State Standards: © Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. ISBN 13: 978-1-68033-628-3 45678910 WEB 20 19 18 17SS AUTHORS Ron Larson is a professor of mathematics at Penn State Erie, ‘The Behrend College, where he has taught since receiving his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Colorado. Dr. Larson is well known as the lead author of a comprehensive program for mathematics that spans middle school, high school, and college courses, His high school programs are published by Big Ideas Learning, and his college and Advanced Placement books are published by Cengage Learning, Ron's numerous professional activities keep him in constant touch with the needs of students, teachers, and supervisors. Ron and Laurie Boswell began writing together in 1992. Since that time, they have authored over two dozen textbooks. In their collaboration, Ron is primarily responsible for the pupil edition and Laurie is primarily responsible for the teaching edition of the text. Laurie Boswell is the former Head of School at Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont. In addition to textbook authoring, she provides mathematics consulting and embedded coaching sessions. Dr. Boswell received her Ed.D. from the University of Vermont in 2010. She is a recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics Teaching and is a Tandy Technology Scholar. Laurie has taught math to students at all levels, elementary through college. In addition, Laurie has served on the NCTM Board of Directors and as a Regional Director for NCSM. Along with Ron, Laurie has co-authored numerous math programs and has become a popular national speaker. ABOUT THE BOOK The revised Big Ideas Math series uses the same research-based strategy of a balanced approach to instruction that made the first Big Ideas Math series so successful. This approach opens doors to abstract thought, reasoning, and inquiry as students persevere to answer the Essential Questions that introduce each section. The foundation of the program is the Common Core Standards for Mathematical Content and Standards for Mathematical Practice. Students are subtly introduced to “Habits of Mind” that help them internalize concepts for a greater depth of understanding. These habits serve students well not only in mathematics, but across all curricula throughout their academic careers. ‘The Big Ideas Math series exposes students to highly motivating and relevant problems. Woven throughout the series are the depth and rigor students need to prepare for career-readiness and other college-level courses. In addition, the Big Ideas Math series prepares students to meet the challenge of PARCC and Smarter Balanced testing. We consider the Big Ideas Math series to be the crowning jewel of 30 years of achievement in writing educational materials, Pon Lum) awd CoevxtLTEACHER REVIEWERS ______@ Lisa. Amspacher @ Kristen Karbon. @ Valerie Sullivan. Milton Hershey School ‘Troy School District Lamoille South Hershey, PA Rochester Hills, MI Supervisory Union Morrisville, VT @ Mary Ballerina @ Laurie Malis Orange County Public Schools Westglades Middle School @ Becky Walker Orlando, FL Coral Springs, FL Appleton Area School District ee : Appleton, WI @ Lisa Bubetlo @ Dave Morris School District of Palm Union City Area @ Zena Wiltshire Beach County School District Dade County Public Schools Lake Worth, FL Union City, PA Miami, FL, @ sam Coffman @ Bonnie Pendergast North East School District ‘Tolleson Union High North East, PA School District Tolleson, AZ @ Mike Carter @ Hannah ladeluca @ Stephen Piglowski @ Matthew Cauley @ Paige Lavine @ Robby Quinn @ Amelia Davis @ Emma Louie @ Michael Rawlings @ Wisdom Dowds @ David Nichols @ Garrett Sample @ John Flatley @ Mikala Parnell @ Andrew Samuels @ Nick Ganger @ Jordan Pashupathi @ Addie Sedelmyer @ tyler Steffy @ Erin Taylor @ Reid WilsonSS CONSULTANTS @ Patsy Davis Educational Consultant Knoxville, Tennessee @ Bob Fulenwider Mathematics Consultant Bakersfield, California @ Linda Hall Mathematics Assessment Consultant Norman, Oklahoma @ Ryan Keating Special Education Advisor Gilbert, Arizona @ Michael McDowell Project-Based Instruction Specialist Fairfax, California @ Sean McKeighan Interdisciplinary Advisor Norman, Oklahoma @ Bonnie Spence Differentiated Instruction Consultant Missoula, Montanaa Common Care State Standards for Mathematical Practica “ Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. © Multiple representations are presented to help students move from concrete to representative and into abstract thinking © Essential Questions help students focus and analyze © In Your Own Words provide opportunities for students to look for meaning and entry points to a problem Reason abstractly and quantitatively. © Visual problem solving models help students create a coherent representation of the problem © Opportunities for students to decontextualize and contextualize problems are presented in every lesson Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. © Error Analysis; Different Words, Same Question; and Which One Doesn't Belong features provide students the opportunity to construct arguments and critique the reasoning of others © Inductive Reasoning activities help students make conjectures and build a logical progression of statements to explore their conjecture Model with mathematics. © Real-life situations are translated into diagrams, tables, equations, and graphs to help students analyze relations and to draw conclusions © Real-life problems are provided to help students learn to apply the mathematics that they are learning to everyday life Use appropriate tools strategically. © Graphic Organizers support the thought process of what, when, and how to solve problems © A variety of tool papers, such as graph paper, number lines, and manipulatives, are available as students consider how to approach a problem © Opportunities to use the web, graphing calculators, and spreadsheets support student learning Attend to precision. © On Your Own questions encourage students to formulate consistent and appropriate reasoning © Cooperative learning opportunities support precise communication Look for and make use of structure. © Inductive Reasoning activities provide students the opportunity to see patterns and structure in mathematics © Real-world problems help students use the structure of mathematics to break down and solve more difficult problems Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. © Opportunities are provided to help students make generalizations © Students are continually encouraged to check for reasonableness in their solutions Go to BigideasMath.com for more information on the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Practice.Common Gore State Standards tier Wathematical Comtant tar Grade 7 Chapter Coverage for Standards -3-)-8-Q-O-@-O-O- Comain Ratios and Proportional Relationships © Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems. IDomain) The Number System © Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers. IDomain) Expressions and Equations © Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. © Solve real-life and mathematical problems using numerical and algebraic expressions and equations. Cometin Geometry Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and describe the relationships between them. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume. @ameEhD statistics and Probability © Use random sampling to draw inferences about a population. © Draw informal comparative inferences about two populations. © Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and evaluate probability models. Go to BigldeasMath.com for more information on the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content.Section 1.4 Section 1.2 6 ike talking about math, ‘and working with Section 1.3 a partner allows me to do that. 99 Section 1.4 Section 1.5 Integers What You Learned Before Integers and Absolute Value Activity Lesson Adding Integers Activity Lesson Subtracting Integers Activity Lesson Study Help/Graphic Organizer 1444.3 Quiz. Multiplying Integers Activity. Lesson Dividing Integers Activity. Lesson 1.4-1.5 Quiz. Chapter Review Chapter Test Cumulative Assessment 10 14 16 24 22 24 28 30 34 35 38 39Rational Numbers What You Learned Before. Section 2.1. Rational Numbers Activity Lesson Section 2.2 Adding Rational Numbers Activity. Lesson. Study Help/Graphic Organizer 2.1-2.2 Quiz. Section 2.3 Subtracting Rational Numbers Activity Lesson Section 2.4 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers Activity Lesson 2.3-2.4 Quiz Chapter Review Chapter Test Cumulative Assessment. 50 oa 6 With my eBook, | get to. 56 decide when I use technology and when use print. 99 57 884 Hike that the Essential Question helps me begin thinking about the lesson. 99 Expressions and Equations Section 3.1 Section 3.2 Section 3.3 Section 3.4 Section 3.5 What You Learned Before Algebraic Expressions Activity Lesson Adding and Subtracting Linear Expressions Activity. Lesson. Extension: Factoring Expressions ‘Study Help/Graphic Organizer 3.41-3.2 Quiz Solving Equations Using Addition or Subtraction Activity. Lesson. Solving Equations Using Multiplication or Division Activity Lesson Solving Two-Step Equations Activity Lesson 3.3-3.5 Quiz Chapter Review Chapter Test Cumulative Assessment 79 82 86 88 92 95 96 98 102 104 108 110 114 115 118 119Inequalities Section 4.1 Section 4.2 Section 4.3 Section 4.4 What You Learned Before Writing and Graphing Inequalities Activity. Lesson Solving Inequalities Using Addition or Subtraction Activity Lesson Study Help/Graphic Organizer. 44-4.2 Quiz Solving Inequalities Using Multiplication or Division Activity Lesson Solving Two-Step Inequalities Activity Lesson 4.3-4.4 Quiz Chapter Review Chapter Test. Cumulative Assessment 1 really enjoy the projects at the end of the book because they help connect the math to other subjects, like science or art. 9Ratios and Proportions ye What You Learned Before 161 Section 5.1. Ratios and Rates Activity 162 = Lesson 164 Section 5.2 Proportions Activity 170 (44 I ike Newton and Lesson. 172 Descartes! The cartoons Extension: Graphing Proportional are funny and Ike that they Relationships 176 Oe ee Ee Section 5.3 Writing Proportions 9 Activity 178 Lesson 180 Study Help/Graphic Organizer........184 5.1-5.3 Quiz 185 Section 5.4 Solving Proportions Activity 186 Lesson 188 Section 5.5 Slope Activity. 192 Lesson 194 Section 5.6 Direct Variation Activity 198 Lesson. 200 5.4-5.6 Quiz 204 Chapter Review 205 Chapter Test 208 Cumulative Assessment 209 ay ny xiiPercents Section 6.1 Section 6.2 Section 6.3 Section 6.4 Section 6.5 Section 6.6 Section 6.7 What You Learned Before Percents and Decimals Activity. Lesson. Comparing and Ordering Fractions, Decimals, and Percents 213 214 216 e6 Ireally like the Activity 220 Lesson 222 Big Ideas Math website! The Percent Proportion yee — fap one Activity 226 I get stuck or need Lesson 228 extra help. The Percent Equation 9 Activity 232 Lesson 234 Study Help/Graphic Organizer.......238 6.1-6.4 Quiz 239 Percents of Increase and Decrease Activity 240 Lesson 242 Discounts and Markups Activity 246 Lesson 248 Simple Interest Activity 252 Lesson 254 6.5-6.7 Qt 258 Chapter Review 259 Chapter Test 264 Cumulative Assessment 265Constructions and Scale Drawings What You Learned Before. 269 “Section 7.1 Adjacent and Vertical Angles Activity 270 Lesson 272 Section 7.2 Complementary and Supplementary Angles 66 Mike the real-life — = because they show me Section 7.3. Triangles how I can use the math in Activity 282 iy omer 9 Lesson 284 Extension: Angle Measures of Triangles 288 Study Help/Graphic Organizer.....20 74-73 Quiz 291 Section 7.4 Quadrilaterals Activity 202 Lesson 204 Section 7.5. Seale Drawings Activity 298 Lesson 300 7.4-7.5 Quiz 306 Chapter Review 307 Chapter Test. 310 Cumulative Assessment ait xivCircles and Area Section 8.1 Section 8.2 Section 8.3 Section 8.4 What You Learned Before Circles and Circumference Activity Lesson Perimeters of Composite Figures Activity Lesson. ‘Study Help/Graphic Organizer. 8.1-8.2 Quiz. Areas of Circles Activity Lesson Areas of Composite Figures Activity Lesson 8.3-8.4 Quiz Chapter Review Chapter Test. Cumulative Assessment. 315 316 318 324 326 330 332 334 6 ike playing the games in the Game Closet! They are a fun way to practice concepts we are learning in class. 9 9 xvxvi With the BigldeasMath.com website | don't have to worry if | forget my book Surface Area and Volume What You Learned Before Section 9.1 Surface Areas of Prisms Activity. Lesson Surface Areas of Pyramids Activity Lesson Section 9.3. Surface Areas of Cylinders Activity Lesson Study Help/Graphic Organizer. 9.4-9.3 Quiz. Section 9.4 Volumes of Prisms Activity Lesson Section 9.5 Volumes of Pyramids Section 9 Extension: Cross Sections of Three-Dimensional Figures. 9.4-9.5 Quiz Chapter Review Chapter Test Cumulative Assessment 353 354 356 362 364 368 370 374 375 376 378 382 384 388 390 391 394 395Probability and Statistics What You Learned Before 399 Section 10.1 Outcomes and Events Activity 400 Lesson 402 Section 10.2 Probability Activity 406 Lesson. 408 Section 10.3 Experimental and eo | Theoretical Probability via begins Activity ae) Flashcards to review Lesson a4 before a test. Section 10.4 Compound Events 99 Activity 420 Lesson. 422 Section 10.5 Independent and Dependent Events Activity 428 Lesson. 430 Extension: Simulations 436 ‘Study Help/Graphic Organizer 438 10.1-10.5 Quiz. 439 Section 10.6 Samples and Populations Activity. 440 Lesson. 442 Extension: Generating Multiple Samples 446 Section 10.7 Comparing Populations Activity 448 Lesson. 450 10.6-10.7 Quiz 454 Chapter Review 455 Chapter Test. 460 Cumulative Assessment. 461 Appendix A: My Big Ideas Projects Section A4__ Literature Project A2 Section A.2 History Project Aa Section Ao Art Project. AG Section A.4_ Science Project. AS Selected Answers. AIO Key Vocabulary Index Aa Student Index aaa Mathematics Reference Sheet Bt maHow to Use Y. Math Boo @ Read the Essential Question in the activity. Discuss the PAGLUNMI question with your partner. Lae y Work with a partner to decide What Is Your Answer? Now you are ready to do the [EETEB> problems. @ Find the words, highlighted it Read their definitions. Study the concepts in each @O Key Idea. Ifyou forget a definition, you can look it up online in the yellow. 1@) Multi-Language Glossary at rast ee @ After you study each EXAMPLE, do the exercises in the @ On Your Own. dpwriawtre Reagy to do the exercises that correspond to the example. @ The exercises are divided into 3 parts. @ Vocabutary and concept check CC® Practice and Problem Solving e fair Game Review Ifan exercise has a @ next to it, look back at Example 1 for help with that exercise. More help is available at ey, le jigideasMath Cfcom @ Finda $88. scan the Real-Life STEM Video & QR Code® to view a video and the SEM corresponding Performance Task @ To help study for your test, use the following. GB Sef Chapter Review [a Chapter test QR Code is a registered trademark of Denso Wave IncorporatedUse this Scavenger Hunt to find where things are in Chapter 1. e¢-2 - Onna I » ind / Find an EXAMPLE of subtracting integers Find a @Vocabulary question about adding integers. How many questions are Pend Clapter Test A DescartesLook, subtraction \ 's not that after your wiend FIURY © comes “NOW YOU, vo over to Flufty’s ond aitreutt. imagine el younave ON F Yon sit, yOu HOMES INES at, relieve te thes issing squeaky five squeaky MOUSS Yooys" one othe o aueaky toys #5 MISSING” 7 y. H's es¥-” peer Sit te sir: You fi aske the opposite of. 1 dni ie we missing." : | aWhat You Learned Before @ Commutative and Associative Properties Example 1 a. Simplify the expression 6 + (14 + x). 6+ (14+x)=(6+ 14) +x Associative Property of Addition =20+x Add 6 and 14, b. Simplify the expression (3.1 + x) + 7.4. B1l+x)+74=(4+3.1 +74 Commutative Property of Addition =x+(3.1+7.4) ‘Associative Property of Addition =x+105 Add 3.1 and 7.4. . Simplify the expression 5(12y). 5+ 12)y Associative Property of Multiplication 60y Multiply 5 and 12. Try It Yourself Simplify the expression. Explain each step. 1. 3+(b+8) 2. (d+4)+6 3. 65) Properties of Zero and One Example 2 a. Simplify the expression 6 + 0 + q. 6+0+q=(6+0)+q Associative Property of Multiplication =0+q=0 Multiplication Property of Zero b. Simplify the expression 3.6 + s+ 1. 36+$+1=3.6+(5+1) Associative Property of Multiplication 7 Multiplication Property of One = 3.6s Try It Yourself Simplify the expression. Explain each step. 4, 13+m+0 5. Lex+29 6. (n+ 14) +04.1 Integersjand Absolute Value: Essential Question sow can you use integers to represent the velocity and the speed of an object? On these two pages, you will investigate vertical motion (up or down). © Speed tells how fast an object is moving, but it does not tell the direction. ¢ Velocity tells how fast an object is moving, and it also tells the direction. When velocity is positive, the object is moving up. When velocity is negative, the object is moving down. Work with a partner. You are gliding to the ground wearing a parachute. The table shows your height above the ground at different times. a. Describe the pattern in the table. How many feet do you move each second? After how many seconds will you land on the ground? b. What integer represents your speed? Give the units. ¢. Do you think your velocity should be represented by a positive or negative integer? Explain your reasoning. 4. What integer represents your velocity? Give the units. Senta Work with a partner. You release a group of balloons. The table shows the height of the balloons above the ground at different times. Integers Inti lesan, oul © define the absolute 8 y 2 3 vat ornbe. a [2 | ie | 20 od able ales trams 2 eee tiepoblens, Describe the pattern in the table. How many feet do the balloons move each second? After how many seconds will the balloons be at a height of 40 feet? b. What integer represents the speed of the balloons? Give the units. ¢. Do you think the velocity of the balloons should be represented by a positive or negative integer? Explain your reasoning, 4. What integer represents the velocity of the balloons? Give the units. 2 Chapter 1 IntegersWork with a partner. The table shows the height of a firework’s parachute above the ground at different times. rT “Time conde) Height eed) 480 Use Clear : | Definitions i | 360 What information 2 240 can you use to 3 a ‘support your | answer? 4 0 a. Describe the pattern in the table. How many feet does the parachute move each second? b. What integer represents the speed of the parachute? What integer represents the velocity? How are these integers similar in their relation to 0 ona number line? Inductive Reasoning 4. Copy and complete the table. Velocity (feet per second) | -14 | 20 Speed (feet per second) 5. Find two different velocities for which the speed is 16 feet per second. 6. Which number is greater: —4 or 3? Use a number line to explain your rea oning. 7. One object has a velocity of ~4 feet per second. Another object has a velocity of 3 feet per second. Which object has the greater speed? Explain your answer. What Is Your Answer? 8. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you use integers to represent the velocity and the speed of an object? 9. LOGIC In this lesson, you will study absolute value. Here are some examples: |-16| =16 |16| = 16 Jo|=o |-2|=2 Which of the following is a true statement? Explain your reasoning. | velocity | = speed | speed | = velocity Use what you learned about absolute value to complete Exercises 4-11 on page 6. Section 1.1. Integers and Absolute Value 31.1. Lesson j a) — - Lesson Tutor le ~ igideasMath “com The following numbers are integers: mea tenner iG? 8, -2,-1,0,1,2,3,... Feet sey 78, “2, =1,0,1,2,3, absolute value, p. 4 a G0 Key Idea Absolute Value Words The absolute value of an integer is the distance between the number and 0 on a number line. The absolute value of anumber ais written as A units units > eN Ie «|| . Finding Absolute Valie Find the absolute value of 2. {Graph 2 on a number line +t HO 0 1 2 ra The distance between 2 and 0 is 2. So, |2|=2. EXAMPLE (2) Manciire sole ANTS Find the absolute value of —3. Graph —3 on a number line tt 6 $$ 3-2 o 1 2 -— 3—H4 (he distance between —3 and 0 is 3. So, | -3| =3. @ On Your Own pious Ready Find the absolute value. Exercises 19 anal 2. |-1| 3. 4. [14] 4 Chapter 1 Integers 4 mut Language cusar at eteashattVeomEXAMPLE (@} Compare 1 and|-4|. Pg Te TEH Ie car ber (Graph 1 on a number line) (Graph |~4| = 4 na number ine.) used to compare and order integers. Numbers to the left are less than numbers to the right. imtaiiaica Numbers to the right i stat =A are greater than $0,1<|-4| mparing Values numbers to the left. ba @ On Your Own Qpratteaegg, COPY and complete the statement Erercies 20-28 5. |-2| ll -1 ; EXAMPLE (209M CFB Is iteton) ‘The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid, a. Which substance in the table has the lowest Butte 35 we se a - freezing point? ad b. Is the freezing point of mercury or butter closer to Honey al the freezing point of water, 0°C? Mercury -39 Candle wax 55, An a. Graph each freezing point. a Airplane fuel Mercury Honey Butter Candle wax Yi 3-38 =a 3 55 Pioee tt 80 -50 -49 -30 -20 -10 0 10 2 30 40 50 60 Airplane fuel has the lowest freezing point, ~53°C. b. The freezing point of water is 0°C, so you can use absolute values. -39| = 39 Butter: | 35 | = 35 Because 35 is less than 39, the freezing point of butter is closer to the freezing point of water. @ On Your Own 9. Is the freezing point of airplane fuel or candle wax closer to the freezing point of water? Explain your reasoning. Section 1.1 Integers and Absolute Value 51.1. Exercises | ay, ideasMath fom Gg Vocabulary and Concept Check |. VOCABULARY Which of the following numbers are integers? 2, -1,4, -0.25, 15 2 9, 2. VOCABULARY What is the absolute value of an integer? 3. WHICH ONE DOESN'T BELONG? Which expression does not belong with the other three? Explain your reasoning. li} 6 | -6| Isl CY Practice and Problem Solving Find the absolute value. Oe 419] 5. |-6| 6. |-10| 7. |10| 8. |-15| 9. |13] 10. |-7| 41. |-12| 12. [5] 13. |-8| 14. |0| 15. |18| 16. | -24| 17. |-45| 18. |60| 19. |-125| Copy and complete the statement using <, >,01 © 20. 2 HH -5| 21. |-4| 7 22, -5 i |-9] 2. |-4| [ll -6 24. |-1| fH |-8 25. |5| ll |-s| ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error. 26. 27. x 10] = -10 x |-sle4 28. SAVINGS You deposit $50 in your savings account. One week later, you withdraw $20, Write each amount as an integer. 29. ELEVATOR You go down 8 floors in an elevator. Your friend goes up 5 floors in an elevator. Write each amount as an integer. Order the values from least to greatest. 30. 8,/3|,-5,|-2|, -2 31. |-6|,-7,8,|5|, -6 32, -12,|-26|, -15,|-12|,| 10] 33, |-34|,21, -17,|20|,|-11| Simplify the expression. 34. |-30| 35. —|4] 36. —|—15| 6 Chapter 1 integers37. PUZZLE Use a number line. a. Graph and label the following points on a number line: A= M = ~6, T= 0.What word do the letters spell? b. Graph and label the absolute value of each point in part (a). What word do the letters spell now? 38. OPEN-ENDED Write a negative integer whose absolute value is greater than 3. REASONING Determine whether 1 2 O orn < 0. 39. n+|— 40. n+|-n| = 41. CORAL REEF The depths of two scuba divers exploring a living coral reef are shown. a. Write an integer for the position of each diver relative to sea level. b. Which integer in part (a) is greater? ¢. Which integer in part (a) has the greater absolute value? Compare this absolute value with the depth of that diver. 42. VOLCANOES The summit elevation of a volcano is the elevation of the top of the volcano relative to sea level. The summit elevation of the volcano Kilauea in Hawaii is 1277 meters. The summit elevation of the underwater volcano Loihi in the Pacific Ocean ~“ is -969 meters. Which summit is closer to sea level? 43, MINIATURE GOLF ‘The table shows golf scores, relative to par. a. The player with the lowest score wins. Which player wins? 1 +5 b. Which player is at par? 2 0 c. Which player is farthest from par? 3 ie 4 -1 pray . ; PAPA Determine whether the statement is true or false. 5 42 Explain your reasoning. 44, Ifx<0, then 45. The absolute value of every integer is positive. @ soir Game Review what you tearned in previous grades & lessons Add. (Skills Review Handbook) 46. 19+ 32 47. 50+ 94 48. 181 + 217 49. 1149 + 2021 50. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which value is not a whole number? (Skills Review Handbook) @® 5 ®o ©4 ® 113 Section 1.1. Integers and Absolute Value 7Adding Integers icaaaailac Essential Question Is the sum of two integers positive, negative, or zero? How can you tell? @ ACTIVITY: Adding Integers with the Same Sign, Work with a partner. Use integer counters to find —4 + (—3). Combine 4 negative counters ‘What is the total and 3 negative counters. number of counter l & ° +8 9| =» | ee ° -4 + = = So, -4 + (-3) = 0). OMG cote Work with a partner. Use integer counters to find -3 + 2. ‘Combine 3 negative counters Remove |) ‘What is the total and 2 positive counters. zer0 pairs. number of counters? eoo 7 +8 =» ee” | 2 = -3 +2 eS az Integers In this lesson, you will © add int . C Fj A A 7 5 Siaeanean © IVITY: Adding Integers with Different Signs ‘of a number and its epposie 0 Work with a partner, Use a number line to find 5 + (-3). sole reali problems. Start at 0. Move 5 ‘Add 3, _ {Then move 3 uri ts to the right. : left to end at —_—— 8 Chapter 1 IntegersA Rinne Cece UT det Make Conjectures How can the relationship between the integers help you vite a rule? Work with a partner. Write the addition expression shown. Then find the a sum. How are the integers in the expression related to 0 on a number line? Inductive Reasoning Work with a partner. Use integer counters or a number line to complete the table. ‘Sum: Positive, Exercise Type of Sum a Negative, or Zero 5. —4+(—3) | Integers with the same sign 6. -3+2 7. 5+ (-3) 8. 7+(-7) 9.244 10. —6 + (—2) 11. -5+9 12, 15+ (-9) 13. —10 + 10 14. —6 + (-6) 15. 13 + (—13) What Is Your Answer? 16, IN YOUR OWN WORDS Is the sum of two integers positive, negative, or zero? How can you tell? 17. STRUCTURE Write general rules for adding (a) two integers with the same sign, (b) two integers with different signs, and (c) two integers that vary only in sign. Use what you learned about adding integers to complete Exercises 8-15 on page 12. Section 1.2 Adding Integers 9Pe 123391 10 earl Adding Integers with the Same Sign Words Add the absolute values of the integers. Then use the ‘common sign. Numbers 2+5=7 -2+(-5)= Pa eU ie 1). Adding Integers with the same Sign Find —2 + (—4). Use a number line to check your answer. -2+(-4)=-6 ‘Add | -2 | and | —4|. ‘The sum is ~6. additive inverse, p. 10 =4 ———— Lt Check es v 7-6-5 4-3 2-1 0 The Meaning @ On Your Own of a Word Add. Oppo: 1. 7413 2. -8+(-5) 3. —20 + (-15) ‘When you walk across asstreet, you are moving to the opposite side of | Two numbers that are the same distance from 0, but on opposite sides of 0, ‘the street. are called opposites. For example, ~3 and 3 are opposites. @° Key Ideas Adding Integers with Different Signs Words Subtract the lesser absolute value from the greater absolute value. Then use the sign of the integer with the greater absolute value. Numbers 8 + (—10) = -13+17=4 Additive Inverse Property Words ‘The sum of an integer and its additive inverse, or opposite, is0. Numbers 6+(-6)=0 -25+25=0 Algebra a+ (-a)= 10 Chapter1 Integers 14) Multi-Language Glossary at BigideasMatlieee 2) Adding Integers with Different Signs, a. Find5 + (—10). 5+ (-10) = ~10|>|5 |. So, subtract |5| from | ~10 | Use the sign of —10. The sum is —5. b, Find -3 +7. -34+7= 7|>|-3|.So, subtract | -3 | from | 7 | 4 Use the sign of 7. ‘The sum is 4. c. Find 12 +12. -12+12=0 The sum is 0 by the Additive Inverse Property. peti) The sum is 0. EXAMPLE (2) NCD aE ‘The list shows four bank account ‘JULY TRANSACTIONS transactions in July.Find the changeC Withdrawal. $40 in the account balance. “Deposit. $50) posit $75 Withdrawal -$50 ‘A deposit of $50 and Find the sum of the four transactions. ——— an a withdrawal of $50 represent opposite C= -40 + 50 +75 + (-50) Write the sum quantities, +50 and = 40 + 75 + 50 + (-50) ‘Commutative Property of Addition 50, which have a sum of 0 = -40 +75 + [50 + (-50)] Associative Property of Addition =-40+75+0 Additive Inverse Property =35+0 ‘Add —40 and 75 =35 Addition Property of Zero Because C = 35, the account balance increased $35 in July. @ On Your Own ‘ Add. Evercises 8-23 4, -2+11 5. 9+ (-10) 6. -31+31 and 28-39 7. WHAT IF? In Example 3, the deposit amounts are $30 and $40. Find the change Cin the account balance. Section 1.2 Adding Integers 11ee Sets tee og Vocabulary and Concept Check WRITING How do you find the additive inverse of an integer? 2. NUMBER SENSE Is 3 + (—4) the same as ~4 + 3? Explain. Tell whether the sum is positive, negative, or zero without adding, Explain your reasoning. 3. -8+20 4. 30 + (~30) 10 + (—18) Tell whether the statement is true or false. Explain your reasoning. 6. The sum of two negative integers is always negative. 7. An integer and its absolute value are always opposites. & Practice and Problem Solving Add. oo 8.644 9. -4+ (-6) ..-24+C-3 WW. -5 +12 12. 5+ (-7) 13. 8 + (—8) 14, 9+ (-11) 15. -3+13 16. —4 + (—16) 17. -3+(-1) 18. 14+ (—5) 19. 0+(-1D 20. —10 + (—15) #1.--13 +9 22. 18 + (-18) 23. -25+(-9) ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the sum. Be ae * X -0+cw=0 26, TEMPERATURE The temperature is —3°F at 7:00 a.m. During the next 4 hours, the temperature increases 21°F What is the temperature at 11:00 4.2 27. BANKING Your bank account has a balance of ~$12. You deposit $60. What is your new balance? ‘Tell how the Commutative and Associative Properties of Addition can help you find the sum mentally. Then find the sum. © 28. 9+6+(-6) 29, -8 + 13 + (-13) 30. 9+ (-17) + (-9) 31. 7+ (-12) + (-7) 32. -12 + 25+ (-15) 33. 6 + (-9) + 14 Add. 34. 13+ (-21) + 16 35. 22 + (—14) + (—35) 36. —13 + 27 + (-18) 37. -19+26+14 38, -32 + (-17) +42 39, —41 + (-15) + (-29) 12 Chapter 1 Integers40. SCIENCE A lithium atom has positively charged Lithium Atom protons and negatively charged electrons. The sum, of the charges represents the charge of the lithium atom. Find the charge of the atom. 41. OPEN-ENDED Write two integers with different signs that have a sum of ~25. Write two integers with the same sign that havea sum of ~25. ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when a = 4,b and c= -8. 42. a+b 43. —b+c 44. |a+b+c| MENTAL MATH Use mental math to solve the equation. 45. d+12=2 46. b+ (-2)=0 47. -8+m=-15 48, PROBLEM SOLVING Starting at point A, the path of a dolphin jumping out of the water is shown. a, Is the dolphin deeper at point C or point E? Explain your reasoning. b. Is the dolphin higher at point B or point D? Explain your reasoning. 49, MPEG according to a legend, the Chinese Emperor Yu-Huang saw a magic square on the back of a turtle. In a magic square, the numbers in each row and in each column have the same sum. This sum i called the ‘magic sum. Copy and complete the magic square so that each row and each column has a magic sum of 0. Use each integer from ~4 to 4 exactly once. @ ‘air Game Review what you learned in previous grades & lessons Subtract. (Skills Review Handbook) 50. 69 — 38 51. 82-74 52. 177 - 63 53. 451 — 268 54, MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the range of the numbers below? (Skills Review Handbook) 12, 8, 17, 12, 15, 18, 30 @® 12 ® 15 © 18 @® 2 Section 1.2 Adding Integers 13pe SO tev tire) liestey sey Essential Question How are adding integers and subtracting integers related? Gy Meeps ‘Work with a partner. Use integer counters to find 4 — 2. Start with 4 Remove |i) ‘What is the total positive counters.) {positive s.. number of counters? EX CIT Me sed Work with a partner. Use integer counters to find 4 + (—2). Remove ll) zero pairs. Integers So, 4+ (-2) =). Inti esto, you wil «+ subtactintagers * soWvrea-ife Mere nea problems Work with a partner. Use a number line to find —3 — Subtract 1 14 Chapter 1_—_ Integersq NAC CIT N iiese (es CA Work with a partner. Write the addition expression shown. ee Then find the sum. Make Sense Start at 0. Move 3 a " f il units to the left. you use in your addition expression?) “sletaaincaies ieee Inductive Reasoning Work with a partner. Use integer counters or a number line to complete the table. Exercise Operation: Add or Subtract Answer 54-2 Subtract 2 6. 4+ (-2) elas 8 -3+(-1) ©0608 93-8 10. 3+ (-8) 11. 9-13 12. 9+ (-13) 13. —6 — (-3) 14. -6+3 15. -5 - (-12) 16. -5 +12 What Is Your Answer? 17. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How are adding integers and subtracting integers related? 18. STRUCTURE Write a general rule for subtracting integers. 19. Use a number line to find the value of the expression ~4 + 4 — 9, What property can you use to make your calculation easier? Explain. Use what you learned about subtracting integers to complete Exercises 8-15 on page 18. Section 1.3 Subtracting Integers 15@° Key Idea Subtracting Integers Words Numbers 3 —4=3+ (—4)=-1 Subtract 4. son rials ie BigideasMath Wy, ‘To subtract an integer, add its opposite. 3-45 I opposites 1— 1 same answer 34 (-4) = EXAMPLE (4) WeSUSters ihr eos a, Find3 ~ 12. 3-12=34 (-12) =-9 ‘The difference is —9. b, Find —8 ~ (~13). ‘The difference is 5. c. Finds —(-4). 5-(-4)=544 =9 ‘The difference is 9. @ 0n Your Own Subtract. 1 8-3 2 3+ 4. -14-9 5. 9-(-8) 16 Chapter1_ Integers ‘Add the opposite of 12 Add, ‘Add the opposite of ~13. Add. ‘Add the opposite of —4 Add. 3-3-3 6, -12-(-12)[> CN a-e 2) _ Subtracting Integers, Evaluate —7 — (—12) ~ 14. -7-(-12)-14=-7412-14 ‘Add the opposite of ~12. Add —7 and 12. ‘Add the opposite of 14, Add So, -7— (-12)-14= @ On Your Own Evaluate the expression. Exercises 27-32 7. -9- 16-8 8. -4-20-9 0-9-(-5) 10. -8-(-6)-0 11, 15 — (—20) ~ 20 12. -14-9-36 [> 7X I-m 93) _ Real-Life Application Which continent has the greater range of elevations? To find the range of elevations for each continent, subtract the lowest elevation from the highest elevation, North America Africa range = 6198 — (—86) range = 5895 ~ (155) 198 + 86 = 5895 + 155 6284 m = 6050 m Because 6284 is greater than 6050, North America has the greater range of elevations. @ On Your Own 13. The highest elevation in Mexico is 5700 meters, on Pico de Orizaba. The lowest elevation in Mexico is —10 meters, in Laguna Salada. Find the range of elevations in Mexico. Section 1.3 Subtracting Integers 17pci > Cc 14 ‘with Homework, //ae igideasMath Ycom G Vocabulary and Concept Check 1. WRITING How do you subtract one integer from another? 2. OPEN-ENDED Write two integers that are opposites. 3. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers. Find the difference of 3 and —2. What is 3 less than —2? How much less is ~2 than 3? Subtract ~2 from 3. MATCHING Match the subtraction expression with the corresponding addition expression. 4. 9~(-5) & -9-5 7 9-5 A. 9+5 B. 9+(-5) D. 9+5 Ge Practice and Problem Solving Subtract. @ 8.4-7 9. 8-(-5) 10. -6-(-7) 1. -2-3 12. 5-8 13. -4-6 14. —8 — (—3) 15. 10-7 16. —-8-13 17. 15 — (-2) 18. —9 — (—13) 19. —7—(-8) 20, —6—(-6) 21, -10-12 22. 32 - (-6) 23. 0-20 24, ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the difference x 7-(-12) =7 + (-12) = 7-(-12). 25. SWIMMING POOL The floor of the shallow end of a swimming pool is at ~3 feet. The floor of the deep end is 9 feet deeper. Which expression can be used to find the depth of the deep end? —34+9 -3-9 9-3 26. SHARKS A shark is at —80 feet. It swims up and jumps out of the water toa height of 15 feet. Write a subtraction expression for the vertical distance the shark travels. Evaluate the expression. @27. -2-7+15 28. -9+6-(-2) 29. 12-(-5)-8 30. -87-5-13 31. -6-(-8) +6 32. -15-7-(-1)) 18 Chapter1_ integersMENTAL MATH Use mental math to solve the equation. 33. m-5=9 34, w-(-3)=7 35. 6- ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when k = 36. 4-n 37. m~(-8) 3,m=—6,andn=9. 38. -S+k-n 39. |m-k| 40. PLATFORM DIVING The figure shows a diver diving from a platform. The diver reaches a depth of 4 meters. What is the change in elevation of the diver? 41. OPEN-ENDED Write two different pairs of negative integers, x and y, that make the statement x — y= —1 true. 42, TEMPERATURE The table shows the record monthly high and low temperatures for a city in Alaska. 56 | 57 | s6 | 72 | #2 | 92 | o4 | a5 | 73 ez | 53 a 5 | 2 | -21 | 15 [1 | 29 | 34 [31 | 19 | -6 | -21 | -36 a, Find the range of temperatures for each month, b. Whatare the all-time high and all-time low temperatures? ¢. What is the range of the temperatures in part (b)? REASONING ‘Tell whether the difference between the two integers is always, sometimes, or never positive. Explain your reasoning. 43. two positive integers 44, two negative integers 45. a positive integer and a negative integer 46. a negative integer and a positive integer For what values of a and bis the statement true? 47. |a—b|=|b-al 48. |a+b| =|a| +|d| 49. |a-b|= ~ |b @ reir Game Review what you learned in previous grades & lessons Add. (Section 1.2) 50. -5 + (-5) + (-5) + (-5) 51. -9 + (-9) + (-9) + (-9) + (-9) Multiply. (Skills Review Handbook) 52. 8X5 53. 6X78 54, 36x 41 55. 82x 29 56. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which value of n makes the value of the expression 4n+3acomposite number? (Skills Review Handbook) @i ®2 ©3 @a Section 1.3 Subtracting Integers 19BigideasMath Ycom You can use an idea and examples chart to organize information about a concept. Here is an example of an idea and examples chart for absolute value. Absolute Value: the distance between a number and O on the number line Example — lal=3 Example [-5|=5 On Your Own Make idea and examples charts to help you study these topics. 1. integers 2. adding integers a. with the same sign b. with different signs 3. Additive Inverse Property 4, subtracting integers After you complete this chapter, make idea 5. multiplying integers a. with the same sign b. with different signs 6. dividing integers a, with the same sign b. with different signs 20 © Chapter 1 Integers and examples charts for the following topics. ‘made an idea and examples chart fo give my owner ideas for my birthday next week.”te y BigldeasMath Ucom Copy and complete the statement using <,>,or =. (Section 1.1) 1. |-8/3 2. 7-7] Order the values from least to greatest. (Section 1.1) 3. —4,|-5|,|-4],3,-6 4, 12,-8,|-15|, -10,|-9| Evaluate the expression. (Section 1.2 and Section 1.3) 5. -3 + (-8) 6. -4+16 7.3-9 8. -5-(-5) Evaluate the expression when a = -2,b= ~8,ande=5. (Section 1.2 and Section 1.3) 9 4-a-c 10. |b—c| 11. EXPLORING Two climbers explore acave. (Section 1.1) a. Write an integer for the position of each climber relative to the surface, b. Which integer in part (a) is greater? cc. Which integer in part (a) has the greater absolute value? 12. SCHOOL CARNIVAL The table shows the income and expenses for a school carnival. The school’s goal was to raise $1100. Did the school reach its goal? Explain. (Section 1.2) $650 $530 $52 $28 $75 13. TEMPERATURE ‘Temperatures in the Gobi Desert reach —40°F in the winter and 90°F in the summer. Find the range ofthe temperatures. (Section 1.3) Sections 1.1-1.3 Quiz 2114 Multiplying Integers eins si Integers In this lesson, you will ‘© multiply integers. ‘salve real-life problems. 22 Essential Question 1s tne product of two integers positive, negative, or zero? How can you tell? Multiplying Integers with the Same Sign Work with a partner. Use repeated addition to find 3 + 2. Recall that multiplication is repeated addition. 3 « 2 means to add 3 groups of 2. BARE Now you can write ee 40123 4567 -™@. $0,3-2= (. GMa nee ese Work with a partner. Use repeated addition to find 3 - (-2). 3+ (—2) means to add 3 groups of ~2. a -2 = Now you can write : a. a. > - Se ae 5 a MMe eee ho Work with a partner. Use a table to find ~3 + 2. Describe the pattern of the products in the table. Then complete the table. 20+ 2 = 4 Lo. 2 = 2 o + 2 = 0 -1 2 = 2 + 2 = -3 2 =- B So, -3-2= I. Chapter 1 integersMath ei Work with a partner. Use a table to find —3 - (—2). Look for Patterns | How can you use the pattern to complete the table? | Describe the pattern of the products in the table. Then complete the table. . 3 -9 . 2 -6 . 1 =3 | -3 + 0 @ =e we =a iad Inductive Reasoning Work with a partner. Complete the table. Exercise ‘Type of Product Product: Positive oo orNegative Integers with the same sign 10. 2+(—5) 11. 665 12, -5+(-3) Lx> Wheat Is Your Answer? .. Write two integers whose product is 0. 14, IN YOUR OWN WORDS Is the product of two integers positive, negative, or zero? How can you tell? 15, STRUCTURE Write general rules for multiplying (a) two integers with the same sign and (b) two integers with different signs. Use what you learned about multiplying integers to complete Exercises 8-15 on page 26. Section 1.4 Multiplying integers. 231.4. Lesson 24 le fcom @° Key Ideas ing Integers with the Same Sign Words The product of two integers with the same sign is positive. Numbers 2+3=6 -2+(-3)=6 Multiplying Integers with Different Signs Words The product of two integers with different signs is negative. Numbers 2+(-3)=-6 -2+3=-6 EXAMPLE ({] Mea uremia em umeroes tees) Find -5 « (-6). ‘The integers have the same sign. —5+(-6) =30 (he product is postive. ‘The product is 30. Se sa-e 2) _ Multiplying Integers with Different Signs, Multiply. The integers have different signs. | a. 3-4) 3-4) = =12 -7+4= -28 The product is negative + The product is —12. The product is ~28. @ On Your Own ; Multiply. OM rercises 8-23 1.565 2. 401) 3. -1(-9) 4. -7+(-8) 5. 12+(-2) 6. 4(-6) 7. -10(-6)(0) 8. -7+ (-5) +4) Chapter 1 IntegersEXAMPLE (3) USL Stn a, Evaluate (-2)*. cm Place parentheses around a negative umber to raise it to (-2)? —2) +(-2) Write (—2)? as repeated multiplication. =4 Multiply. PONE! Write 5? as repeated multiplication. . Multiply. c. Evaluate (—4)*, (4)3 = (—4) © (4) «(—4) Write (~4)? as repeated multiplication. = 16+(-4) Multiply. = -64 Multiply. @ On Your Own 7 Evaluate the expression. OP verses 32-37 9. (-3)° 10. (-2)° 1. -7 12. -6 |___}50 fewer taxis Number of taxis The bar graph shows the number of taxis a company has in service. The number of taxis decreases by the same amount each year for 4 years. Find the total change in the number of taxis. The bar graph shows that the number of taxis in service decreases by 50 each year. Use a model to solve the problem. total change = change peryear + number of years —50+4 Use —50 for the change per year because the number decreases each yea 10 ‘The total change in the number of taxis is —200. @ On Your Own 13. A manatee population decreases by 15 manatees each year for 3 years. Find the total change in the manatee population. Section 1.4 Multiplying Integers. 25bP eee Cole = Fy, nt tnt Help with Homework, //a BigideasMath Ucom G Vocabulary and Concept Check 1. WRITING What can you conclude about the signs of two integers whose product is (a) positive and (b) negative? 2. OPEN-ENDED Write two integers whose product is negative. ‘Tell whether the product is positive or negative without multiplying. Explain your reasoning. 3. 4(-8) 4. -5(-7) 5. -3+12 ‘Tell whether the statement is true or false. Explain your reasoning. 6. The product of three positive integers is positive. 7. The product of three negative integers is positive. Ge Practice and Problem Solving Mul QO. 9. 7(-3) 10. —2(8) 11. —3(-4) 12. 13, 3+9 14. 8 +(-5) 15. -1+(-12) 16. 17. ~13(0) 18. -9-9 19. 15(-2) 20. 21. -6+(-13) 22. 7(-14) 23. -11+(-1) 24. JOGGING You burn 10 calories each minute you jog. What integer represents the change in your calories after you jog for 20 minutes? 25, WETLANDS About 60,000 acres of wetlands are lost each year in the United States. What integer represents the change in wetlands after 4 years? Multiply. 26. 3+(—8)+(-2) 27. 6(-9(-1) 28. -3(-5)(-4) 29. (-5)(-7)(-20) 30, -6+3+(-2) 31. 3+(-12)+0 Evaluate the expression. © 32. (-4)7 33. (-1)* 34, —8* 35. -6 36. —5'4 37. -2+(-3)° ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in evaluating the expression. 38. 39. x -2(-7) = -14 x 10? = 100 26 © Chapter1_ IntegersALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when a = —2,b = 3, andc = 8. 40. ab 41. | ac| 42. —ab? —ac NUMBER SENSE Find the next two numbers in the pattern. 43. —12, 60, ~300, 1500, ... 44, 7, —28, 112, ~448,.. 45. GYM CLASS You lose four points each time you attend gym class without, sneakers. You forget your sneakers three times. What integer represents the change in your points? 46. MODELING The height of an airplane during a landing is given by 22,000 + (—4804), where ris the time in minutes. a. Copy and complete the table. —T bs P Time (minutes) | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 b. Estimate how many minutes it takes the plane to land. Height (feet) Explain your reasoning. 47. INLINE SKATES In June, the price of a pair of inline skates is $165. ‘The price changes each of the next 3 months. a, Copy and complete the table, Month ice of Skates June 165 = $165, July [165+ (-12)=8__ August | 165 + 2(-12) = September | 165 + 3(—12) =: b. Describe the change in the price of the inline skates for each month, June $35 ¢. The table at the right shows the amount of money you ae July $55 save each month to buy the inline skates, Do you have et ree enough money saved to buy the inline skates in August? eee September? Explain your reasoning. September} $18 48. SEATS two integers, aand b, have a product of 24. What is the least possible sum of @ and b? & Fair Game Review what you tearned in previous grades & lessons Divide. (Skills Review Handbook) 49. 27-9 50. 48+6 51. S64 52. 153+9 53. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the prime factorization of 842 (Skills Review Handbook) ® 2x? ® 2x7 © 3°x7 2x3x7 Section 1.4 Multiplying Integers. 27Dividing Integers Essential Question Is the quotient of two integers positive, negative, or zero? How can you tell? 9 VITY: Dividing Integers with Different Signs Work with a partner. Use integer counters to find —15 + 3. ‘Show how you can separate the counters into 3 equal groups. X Cne%m! =i | 6,0,0 erores = eoe Because there are negative counters in each group, ~15 2 ut GMa see Work with a partner. Rewrite the product 3 - 4 = 12 as a quotient in two different ways. First Way Second Way 12 is equal to 3 groups of 12s equal to 4 groups of So,12+3=9. or Integers nea 1 Work with a partner. Rewrite the product —3 - (—4) = 12. as a quotient in i lesson you wl Pi divide integers. two different ways. What can you conclude? sole rea-fe probens. ed Second Way 12+ (Ma) - Ineach case, when you dividea integer bya!) integer, you get integer. 28 Chapter 1_—_ IntegersMath Work with a partner. Rewrite the product 3 « (—4) = —12 as a quotient in two different ways. What can you conclude? ead ‘Maintain Second Way Oversight ioe How do you know ( = @ ‘what the sign will be when you divide When you divide a’) integer bya) integer, you get a oT (integer. When you divide a! integer bya) integer, yougeta___ integer. Inductive Reasoning Work with a partner. Complete the table. Exercise Type of Quotient Quotient | eon one: @| 5 -5+3 Integers with different signs @ 6. 1254 e 7. 12 + (-3) @) 8 -2+-9 9 -6+2 40. -21+(-7) 11, 10 + (-2) 12. 12 + (-6) 13. 0 + (—15) 14. 0+4 Whet Ts Your Answer? IN YOUR OWN WORDS Is the quotient of two integers positive, negative, or "zero? How can you tell? 16. STRUCTURE Write general rules for dividing (a) two integers with the same sign and (b) two integers with different signs. Use what you learned about dividing integers to complete Exercises 8-15 on page 32. Section 1.5 Dividing Integers 29a“ ) 2531) Lesson’ is / fe BigideasMath com 6°. Key Ideas Dividing Integers with the Same Sign Words The quotient of two integers with the same sign is positive. Numbers 8+ 2=4 8+ (-2)= ee Division by 0 is undefined, } Dividing Integers with Different Signs Words The quotient of two integers with different signs is negative. +(-2)=— -8+2=-4 EXAMPLE ({ Mr MU Une F Find ~18 + (—6). ‘The integers have the same sign. } —18 + (-6) =3 {the quotients positive. Numbers ‘The quotient is 3. f>¢U Jee 2) _ Dividing Integers with Different Signs, Divide. 54 75 + (—25) =_ a (-25) 6 ‘The integers have different 54 2 Le The quotient is 9. is negative. The quotient is ~3. @ On Your Own Divide. OP verses 8-23 1.14 -32 + (-4) 3. —40 + (-8) 4. 0+ (-6) a eqra 30 Chapter 1 _—_IntegersEXAMPLE (2) SS EE w ato ecotn Evaluate 10 ~ x? + ywhen.x= 8 andy = —4, OY 10— x? 10 - 8 = (-4) Substitute 8 for xand —4 for y Bo =10-8+8=(—4) Write 8? as repeated multiplication, Use order of operations = 10-64 + (—4) Multiply 8 and 8 when evaluating an oon : mn expression. = 10 - (-16) Divide 64 by —4. = 26 Subtract. @ On Your Own pi Evaluate the expression when a = —18 and b = -6. Exercises 28-31 on, ayer paneer a i>¢N "Jee 4) _ Real-Life Application You measure the height of the tide using the support beams of a pier. Your measurements are shown in the picture. What is the mean hourly change in the height? Eee ed Seen es Use a model to solve the problem. final height — initial height mean hourly change = elapsed time 8-59 Substitute. Te elapsed time fom 6 2 P.M. to 8 P.M. is 6 hours. =ool Subtract, 6 =-85 Divide, + The mean change in the height of the tide is —8.5 inches per hour. @ On Your Own 10. The height of the tide at the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick decreases 36 feet in 6 hours. What is the mean hourly change inthe height? Section 1.5 Dividing Integers 31Gg Vocabulary and Concept Check 4. WRITING What can you tell about two integers when their quotient is positive? negative? zero? 2. VOCABULARY A quotient is undefined. What does this mean? 3. OPEN-ENDED Write two integers whose quotient is negative. 4, WHICH ONE DOESN'T BELONG? Which expression does not belong with the other three? Explain your reasoning. 0 =10 =a) 5 5 10. —5 5 Tell whether the quotient is positive or negative without dividing. 5. -12+4 6 7.15 + (-3) -2 Practice and Problem Solving Divide, if possible. @@ 8. 4+(-2) 9. 21+ (-7) 10. -20+4 11. 18 + (3) o 5 54 12. 7 13. fat 14. 15. =o 16. —33 +11 17. —49 + (-7) 18. 0 + (—2) 19. =56 18 20. 4 21. iol 23. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the quotient. 24. 25. 26. ALLIGATORS An alligator population in a nature preserve in the Everglades decreases by 60 alligators over 5 years. What is the mean yearly change in the alligator population? 27. READING You read 105 pages of a novel over 7 days. What is the mean number of pages you read each day? ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when x = 10, y= © 28. x+y 29. “yr 32 Chapter1 _ integersFind the mean of the integers. 32. 3,—10, ~2, 13, 11 33. ~26,39, -10, ~16, 12,31 Evaluate the expression. 34, -8-14=2+5 35. 24 + (—4) + (—2) « (—5) 36. PATTERN Find the next two numbers in the pattern ~ 128, 64, ~32, 16, Explain your reasoning. 37. SNOWBOARDING A snowboarder descends a 1200-foot hill in 3 minutes. What is the mean change in elevation per minute? 38. GOLF The table shows a golfer's score for each round of a tournament. a. What was the golfer’s total score? b. What was the golfer’s mean score per round? 39, TUNNEL The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel is an underwater highway that connects the cities of Detroit, Michigan, and Windsor, Ontario. How many times deeper is the roadway than the bottom of the ship? ‘Detroit - Windsor Tunnel 40. AMUSEMENT PARK The regular admission price for an amusement park is $72. For a group of 15 or more, the admission price is reduced by $25. How many people need to be in a group to save $500? a. Write five different integers that have a mean of ~10. Explain how you found your answer. @ ‘air Game Review what you learned in previous grades & lessons Graph the values on a number line. Then order the values from least to greatest. (Section 1.1) 42. -6,4,|2|,-1,|-10] 43. 3,|0|,|-4|, -8 44, |5|, -2,-5,|-2|, -7 45. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the value of 4 «3 + (12 = 2)? (Skills Review Handbook) @® 15 ® 48 © 156 @D 324 Section 1.5 Dividing Integers 33Sra my BigtdeasMath com Evaluate the expression. (Section 1.4 and Section 1.5) 1. —7(6) 2. -1(-10) 3, <2 4. -2443 5. —3+4+(-6) 6. (-3)° Evaluate the expression when a = 4, andc=~-12. (Section 1.4 and Section 1.5) Ble! 8. be 3% ro. 1e=4| ¢ a 11. SPEECH In speech class, you lose 3 points for every 30 seconds you go over the time limit. Your speech is 90 seconds over the time limit. What integer represents the change in your points? (Section 1.4) 12, MOUNTAIN CLIMBING On a mountain, the temperature decreases by 18°F every 5000 feet. What integer represents the change in temperature at 20,000 feet? (ection 1.4) 13. GAMING You play a video game for 15 minutes. You lose 165 points, What is the mean change in points perminute? (Section 1.5) | 14. DIVING You dive 21 feet from the surface of a lake in7 seconds. (Section 1.4 and Section 1.5) a, Whatis the mean change in your position in feet per second? b. You continue diving. What is your position relative to the surface after 5 more seconds? S445. HIBERNATION A female grizzly bear weighs 500 pounds. After hibernating for 6 months, she weighs only 200 pounds. What is the mean change in weight per month? (Section 1.5) 34 Chapter 1_—_ Integers7 Chapter Review Review Key Vocabulary ideasMath y integer, p. 4 opposites, p. 10 absolute value, p. 4 additive inverse, p. 10 Review Examples and Exercises @® Integers and Absolute Value (pp. 2-7) Find the absolute value of —2. Graph —2 on a number line. aa re “S$ -4 3 -2 -1 00 402 8 hea The distance between —2 and 0 is 2. So,|-2|= | Exercises Find the absolute value. 1. [3] 2. |-9| 3. |-17| 4. |8| 5. ELEVATION The elevation of Death Valley, California, is -282 feet. The Mississippi River in Illinois has an elevation of 279 feet. Which is closer | to sea level? BS Adding Integers (pp. 8-13) Find 6 + (—14). 14| > | 6 |. So, subtract | 6 | from | —14 |. Use the | | 6+ (-14) =-8 14, The sum is ~8. Exercises Add. 6. -16+(-11) 7. -15+5 8. 100 + (—75) 9. -32 + (—2) Chapter Review 35,Wm Subtracting Integers (pp. 14-19) Subtract. a. 7-19=7+ (-19) ‘Add the opposite of 19, =-12 Add. The difference is ~12. | b. -6- (-10) = -6+ 10 ‘Add the opposite of —10. =4 Add, ‘The difference is 4. Exercises Subtract. 10. 8-18 11, -16 = (-5) 12, -18-7 13. —12 — (-27) 414. GAME SHOW Your score on a game show is —300. You answer the final question incorrectly, so you lose 400 points. What is your final score? Multiplying Integers (pp. 22-27) a. Find —7 - (-9). The integers have the same sign =7+(-9) = 63 t___( he products postive. ie The product is 63. b. Find -6(14). The integers have different signs. —6(14) = —84 te product is negative, } ‘The product is —84. | Exercises Multiply. 15. -8+6 16. 10(-7) 17. -3+(-6) 18, -12(5) 36 Chapter 1 _—_ integersBm Dividing Integers (pp. 28-33) a. Find 30 The integers have different sign. 30 + (~10) = (-10). i The quotient is ~3. b. Find =”, The integers have the same sign. 8 The quotient is postive. - The quotient is 8. Exercises Divide. 19. -18+9 22. 84 = (-7) Evaluate the expression when x = 3, y 23. +x 24, 7 z Find the mean of the integers. 26. —3, 8,12, 15,9 27. —54, —32, —70, —25, —65, —42 28. PROFITS The table shows the weekly profits of a fruit vendor. What is the mean profit for these weeks? | ee [Profit -sizs -sas $54 | —$35 29. RETURNS You return several shirts to a store. The receipt shows that the amount placed back on your credit card is -$30.60. Each shirt is —$6.12. How many shirts did you return? Chapter Review 37ye) oct é BigideasMath com 1. |-9| 2. |64| 3. |-22| Find the absolute value. Copy and complete the statement using <,>, or =. 5. |-7 | -12 6. -7 3] Evaluate the expression. 7. -6+(-1D 8. 9, -9+2 10. Evaluate the expression when x = 5, y = —3, andz 1. 42 12. ¥ Find the mean of the integers. 13. 11, -7, -14, 10, -5. 4. 82, —41, 98, —27, 15. NASCAR A driver receives —25 points for each rule violation, What integer represents the change in points after 4 rule violations? 16. GOLF The table shows your scores, relative to par, for nine holes of golf. What is your total score for the nine holes? 17. VISITORS Ina recent 10-year period, the change in the number of visitors to U.S. national parks was about ~ 11,150,000 visitors. a, What was the mean yearly change in the number of visitors? Island b. During the seventh year, the change in the number of visitors was about 10,800,000. Explain how the change for the 10-year period can be negative. 38 Chapter 1 _—_ Integersi | SU Ewa sisi € 4. A football team gains 2 yards on the first play, loses 5 yards on the second play, loses 3 yards, on the third play, and gains 4 yards on the fourth play. What is the teams overall gain or loss for all four plays? A. againof 14 yards C. aloss of 2 yards B. againof2yards —_D. aloss of 14 yards . Which expression is not equal to the number 0? [ae H. 6~(-6) G.=—7+7 1. -8—(-8) .. What is the value of the expression below when a = —2,b=3,andc = —5? | @ — 2ac + 5b| A -9 aa B. -1 D. 9 4, What is the value of the expression below? 32h) 17-8) 5. Sam was evaluating an expression in the box below. i (-2)3 +3 -(-5) =8+3-(-5) i =24+5 =29 What should Sam do to correct the error that he made? F, Subtract 5 from 24 instead of adding. G. Rewrite (—2)* as —8. H. Subtract —5 from 3 before multiplying by (—2)*. 1. Multiply ~2 by 3 before raising the quantity to the third power. Cumulative Assessment 396. Whatis the value of the expression below when x = 6, y z= -28 =2y =% A. -7 cia B =1 D7 7. Whatis the missing number in the sequence below? Fe 39,24,9, 8. Youare playing a game using the spinner shown. You start with a score of 0 and spin the spinner four times. When you spin blue or green, you add the number to your score. When you spin red or orange, you subtract the number from your score. Which sequence of colors represents the greatest score? 21 F, red, green, green, red G. orange, orange, green, blue H. red, blue, orange, green 1. blue, red, blue, red Which expression represents a negative integer? A. 5-(-6) C. -12+(-6) B. (-3)° D. (-2)(-4) 10. Which expression has the greatest value when x = ~2and y= ~3? R -xy Hex-y G ay Lk -x-y 40 Chapter1_—_ Integers11. What is the value of the expression below? -5 + (-4)? — (-3) A. ~83 G7 B. -77 D. 83 12. Which property does the equation below represent? 80 + 30 + (—30) —80 + [30 + (—30)] : Commutative Property of Addition G. Associative Property of Addition H. Additive Inverse Property |. Addition Property of Zero 13. What is the mean of the data set in the box below? —8,1 0, ~6, 8, 4, 14. Consider the number line shown below. Think Sa oe 5 4 38 2-1 0 dt 2 8 PartA Use the number line to explain how to add ~2 and ~3. Part B_ Use the number line to explain how to subtract 5 from 2. 15. Whats the value of the expression below? 2 G -1 1, 25 Cumulative Assessment a1— rag = ait.) = x ELD all ise : Aas NT) CEMOUEMO eis \ knew ran was too 900" od to be trve onthe count of 5: 1'm going to 3 halt of my GOSWhat You Learned Before @ Writing Decimals and fractions Write 0.37 as a fraction. Ce 100 Try It Yourself Write the decimal as a fraction or the fraction as a decimal. 3 1. 0.51 2. 0.731 3.5 Adding and Subtracting fractions Multiplying and Dividing fractions aoa, Find ¢ z 1 3_ 568 674 Ba a 8 Try It Yourself Evaluate the expression. 1Byee tee) Mu aes Essential Question sow canyou use 2 number line to order rational numbers? The Meaning of a Word @ Rational The word rational comes from the word ratio. Recall that you can write a ratio using fraction notation. Ifyou sleep for 8 hoursinaday,then 8h the ratio of your sleeping time tothe = [~~~ total hours inadaycanbewrittenas 24h Arational number is a number that can be written as the ratio of two integers, 0.25=1 4 een tsa Work in groups of five. Order the numbers from least to greatest. © Use masking tape and a marker to make a number line on the floor similar to the one shown, ai DO NE aS a A a 2-15 5 os 15 ‘© Write the numbers on pieces of paper. Then each person should choose one. Rational Numbers @ Stand on the location of your number on the number line. Inthslesson, you will + understand thataratinal «Use your positions to order the numbers from least to greatest. number is an integer divided by an integer. 7 © convert rational numbers. a, —0.5, 1.25, —4, 0.5, to decimals 3 44 — Chapter2 Rational NumbersY; The. Game_of Math Card War, Preparation: Can # Cutindex cards to make 40 playing cards. Practice Write each number in the table on a card. Consider Similar. To Play: Problems eres © Play with a partner. ways to determine Deal 20 cards to each player facedown, piel © Each player turns one card faceup. The player with the greater number wins. The winner collects both cards and places them at the bottom of his or her cards. © Suppose there is a tie. Each player lays three cards facedown, then anew card faceup. The player with the greater of these new cards wins. The winner collects all ten cards and places them at the bottom of his or her cards. © Continue playing until one player has all the cards. This player wins the game, 3 | -o6 | 125-015 | 5 S -03 a 4 3 a eee iad 12 03 3 1 : i 3 19 ie 0.4 20 10 Se eS a1i6 a2 04 ae 5 10 5 5 3, INYOUR OWN WORDS How can you use a number line to order rational numbers? Give an example. The numbers are in order from least to greatest. Fill in the blank spaces with rational numbers. Use what you learned about ordering rational numbers to complete Exercises 28-30 on page 48. Section 2.1 Rational Numbers 45ideasMath Ucom ‘ey Vorabularyeq)) QO Key Idea tional number, i pete Rational Numbers terminating decimal, A rational number is a number that Page can be written as “where a and b are b repeating decimal integers and b #0. p.46 Because you can divide any integer by any nonzero integer, you can use ong division to write fractions and mixed numbers as decimals. These decimals are also rational numbers and will either terminate or repeat. A terminating decimal is a decimal that ends. 0.25, 10.625 ‘A repeating decimal is a decimal that has a pattern that repeats. PSS Sas Use bar notation to show 0.151515... = 0.15 ofthe digits repeat EXAMPLE (7) PAT eM SSE reels a. Write ~24 as a decimal. b. Write 5 asa decimal. ag Notice that —2! = ~ (Divide 5 by 11.) or85a5: a4 (Cue Sty 5 "S000 000 Divide 9 by 4. aay 55 50 The remainder repeats. So, itis a repeating decimal. @ On Your Own ipietatze egg, Write the rational number as a decimal. dy Exercises 11-18, 1. 8 ; 3 es . 7 ul "27 46 Chapter 2 Rational Numbers 1) Multi-Language Glossary at atsncarattiemscone 2) Writing Decimal as\a.Fraction ‘Write —0.26 as a fraction in simplest form. ra ceca If p and q are integers, —— 10m The last digit isin the hundredths place. So, use 100 in the denominator. then -2 =P =P. 9 = Simplify. @ On Your Own Qpirtoviezeag, Write the decimal asa fraction or a mixed number in simplest form. Exercises 5. -0.7 6. 0.125 % -31 8. -10.25 EXAMPLE (2) OC tem sae The table shows the elevations of four sea creatures relative to a sea level. Which of the sea creatures are deeper than the whale? Explain. ee “0 Write each rational number as a decimal. a) 10 “2 5 Squid Shark Whale u Then graph each decimal on a number line. Squid Anglerfish Whale Shark =13 08 =0.18 -22 Elevation cape seas saat nas ger sao oa np tar remem aaa (kilometers) 24-200 -16 120-08 08 Both ~2.2 and ~1.3 are less than —0.8. So, the squid and the anglerfish are deeper than the whale, @ On Your Own fc 9. WHAT IF? The elevation of a dolphin is ~ 1 kilometer. Which of the e Exercises 28-33, sea creatures in Example 3 are deeper than the dolphin? Explain. Section 2.1 Rational Numbers 47le com G Vocabulary and Concept Check 1. VOCABULARY Is the quotient of two integers always a rational number? Explain. 2. WRITING Are all terminating and repeating decimals rational numbers? Explain. ‘Tell whether the number belongs to each of the following number sets: rational numbers, integers, whole numbers. 3-5 4. -2.16 5. 12 6.0 Tell whether the decimal is terminating or repeating. 7. —0.4848 ... 8. —0.151 9. 72.72 10. —5.236 G Practice and Problem Solving Write the rational number as a decimal. z 1 i 7 ee i B.S . at Ou a RF 3. 5 a. 5 217 mel 15 15. 12 16. -27 7. 55 18. 8 19. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in writing the rational number as a decimal. x Te Write the decimal asa fraction or a mixed number in simplest form. @2. -09 21. 0.45 22. —0.258 23. -0.312 24, -2.32 25. -1.64 26. 6.012 27, 12.405 Order the numbers from least to greatest. © 28. Z 31, 2.1, 12 $05, 4 yy! 6 9 0.75, 2 34, COINS You lose one quarter, two dimes, and two nickels. a, Write the amount as a decimal. b. Write the amount as a fraction in simplest form. 35. HIBERNATION A box turtle hibernates in sand at — B feet. A spotted turtle hibernates at ~1 = feet. Which turtle is deeper? 48 Chapter 2 —_Rational NumbersCopy and complete the statement using <, >, or =. 36. -2.2 (0 -2.42 37. -1.82/)))-1.81 38. a i 8 2 4.65 MB -52 a. Bo 39. u 42. OPEN-ENDED Find one terminating decimal and one repeating decimal between ~} and ~1 43. SOFTBALL In softball, a batting average is the number of hits divided by the number of times at bat. Does Eva Pa or Michelle have the higher batting average? Eva Michelle 44, PROBLEM SOLVING You miss 3 out of 10 questions on a science quiz.and 4 out of 15 questions on a math quiz. Which quiz has a higher percent of correct answers? 45. SKATING Is the half pipe deeper than the skating pool? Explain. * ue ee 7 Hal pipe r -92 te 46. ENVIRONMENT The table shows the changes from the average water level of a pond over several weeks. Order the numbers from least to greatest. 47. Given: a and bare integers. Bi P a ee a. When is —+ positive? b. When is positive? a @ scir Game Review what you tearned in previous grades & lessons Add or subtract. (Skills Review Handbook) alee 92 Lote . a= ). 8.79 — 4.4 1. 11 . 48, 342 49. 5-2 50. 8.79 — 4.07 51. 11.81 + 9.34 52, MULTIPLE CHOICE In one year, a company has a profit of ~$2 million. In the next year, the company has a profit of $7 million, How much more profit did the company make the second year? (Section 1.3) ® $2million ® $5million © s7million ® s9million Section 2.1 Rational Numbers 492.2 Adding Rational Numbers Essential Question sow can you use what you know about adding integers to add rational numbers? > 4 Adding Rational Numbers Work with a partner. Use a number line to find the sum. a. 2.7+(-34) b. 13+ (-1.5) a a -14+8 e. a4 Dna ee tne Work with a partner. Use a number line to find the sum. ae a -12+(-* 5 5, Rational Numbers In this lesson, you will + add rational numbers. «solve reaife problems. c -3+(-14) ahaa d. -0.4 + (-1.9) e. -2.3 + (-0.6) 50 Chapter2__ Rational Numberspst oes Work with a partner. Write the addition expression shown. Then find the sum. Et) a [aerated . Start at 0. Move 1.5 ‘Add -2.3. Then move Use Operations units tothe right. _ | 1+" eft to end at What operation is +> represented in each SECRETE HEHEHE ‘umber line? “4033 "2 “1 ° 1 2 3 How does this help you write an expression? b 7 Add 335, ' pe 1 2 ak —_2_- ‘ i 4 -3 2 1 ° 1 2 3 e ‘Then move 0.7 uni Add -0.7. Start at 0. Move 1 left to end at Pl aig Units to the let —. rf 3 ° 1 2 3 What Is Your Answer? 4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you use what you know about adding integers to add rational numbers? PUZZLE Find a path through the table so that the numbers add up to the sum. You can move horizontally or vertically. 5. Sum: ? 6. Sum: 0.07 sat>| } | 2 | -3 start—>| 2.43 | 1.75 | -0.98 1) 3 | 1 | eae 12) | Adding Rational Numbers Find —4.05 + 7.62. 57 | 7.62 | >| -4.05 |. So, subtract | 4.05 | from | 7.62 | 4.05 + 7.62 = The sum is 3.57. @ On Your Own Gpwiatrerns, 44 Exercises a 1, 20 7 fe 2 -61+2 3 2+( 3) 125 +153 5. -8.15+(-43) 6, 0.65 + (-2.75) 52 Chapter2 Rational NumbersEXAMPLE (2) Mann iateeoS Evaluate 2x + ywhen.x = ; andy= 3. arty () + (-3) Substitute 1 for xand For y. -3 = Multiply 2 ) lultiply. L143) Write the sum ofthe numerators 2 over the common denominator, Simply. i> NT T-@ 14) Real-Life Application, The table shows the annual profits (in billions of dollars) of a financial ‘company from 2008 to 2012. Positive numbers represent gains, and negative numbers represent losses. Which statement describes the profit over the five-year period? @® gain of $0.3 billion ® gain of $30 million © loss of $3 million ® loss of $300 million To determine whether there was a gain or a loss, find the sum of the profits. five-year profit = —1.7 + (~4.75) + 1.7 + 0.85 + 3.6 Write the sum. = -L7 +17 + (-4,75) +0.85 + 3.6 Comm. Prop. of Add. = 0+ (4.75) + 0.85 + 3.6 ‘Additive Inv. Prop. = -4.75 + 0.85 + 3.6 ‘Add. Prop. of Zero Add ~4.75 and 0.85. =-03 ‘Add —3.9 and 3.6. ‘The five-year profit is ~$0.3 billion. So, the company has a five-year loss of $0.3 billion, or $300 million. The correct answer is DD, @ 0n Your Own Evaluate the expression when a= Exercises 7. b+4a 8 la +d] 9. WHAT IF? In Example 4, the 2013 profit is $1.07 billion. State the company’s gain or loss over the six-year period in millions of dollars. Section 2.2 Adding Rational Numbers 53Caen Gg Vocabulary and Concept Check 4. WRITING Explain how to find the sum ~8.46 + 5.31. 2. OPEN-ENDED Write an addition expression using fractions that equals ~. 3. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers. Add ~4.5 and 3.5. What is the distance between —4.5 and 3.5? What is ~4.5 increased by 3.5? Find the sum of —4.5 and 3.5. & Practice and Problem Solving Add. Write fractions in simplest form. ll 7 1 3 ° @0.4 Gel Z| Be u+(-3) 6. 42433 2 2 7-342 8. a+(-12) 10. —3.1 + (—0.35) 11. 12.48 + (—10.636) 12. 20.25 + (-15.711) ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the sum. 13. 14. Evaluate the expression when x = and yeh. © 15. x+y 16. 3x+y 17. -x+|y| 18. BANKING Your bank account balance is $20.85. You deposit $15.50. What is your new balance? 49. HOT DOGS You eat 2 ofa pack of hot dogs. Your friend eats - of the pack of hot dogs. What fraction of the pack of hot dogs do you and your friend eat? 54 Chapter2 _ Rational NumbersAdd. Write fractions in simplest form. 20. 6 +(-42)+ (-21) 21. 85 +314 (-74) 22. 10.9 + (-15.6) + 2.1 23. NUMBER SENSE When is the sum of two negative mixed numbers an integer? 24, WRITING You are adding two rational numbers with different signs. How can you tell if the sum will be positive, negative, or zero? 25, RESERVOIR The table at the left shows the water level (in inches) of a reservoir for three months compared to the yearly average. Is the water level for the three-month period greater than or less than the yearly average? Explain. 26. BREAK EVEN The table at the right shows the annual profits (in thousands of dollars) of a county fair from 2008 to 2012. What must the S| Be 2012 profit be (in hundreds of dollars) to break 2009 | 175 even over the five-year period? 2010 33 2011 -14 2012 2 27. REASONING Is|a+b|=|a|+|b| forall rational numbers a and b? Explain. 28. S8GAE Evaluate the expression. 20) * 20 242 @ fair Game Review what you learned in previous grades & lessons Identify the property. Then simplify. (Skills Review Handbook) 29. 8+ (-3)+2=8+2 + (-3) 30. 2+ (4.5 +9) = (2+4.5) +9 a. P+ (2+2)-(F4+3) 42 eee ee alata) la" als 75°27 7/275 33. MULTIPLE CHOICE The regular price of a photo album is $18. You have a coupon for 15% off. How much is the discount? (Skills Review Handbook) ® $2.70 ® 3 © s15 ® $15.30 Section 2.2 Adding Rational Numbers 55.eee ier, ye BigideasMath com You can use a process diagram to show the steps involved in a procedure. Here is an example ofa process diagram for adding rational numbers. ‘Adding rational numbers with with e the same sign different signs = v y Subtract the lesser absolute value from the greater absolute value. T Y Write the sum by using the sign of the rational number with the greater absolute value. Add the absolute values of the rational numbers. Write the sum by using the common sign. Use the common sign. Use the sign of 6.9. ¥ ¥ | Example Example i -5.5 + (-6.9) -55+6.9 i Because the numbers have the Because the numbers have different i same sign, add |-5.5| and |-6.9l. signs, subtract |-5.5| from leo. i ~8.5 + (-6.9) = 12.4 -65+69=14 | i On Your Own Make a process diagram with examples to help you study the topic. 1, writing rational numbers as decimals After you complete this chapter, make process diagrams with examples for the following topics. 2. subtracting rational numbers 3. multiplying rational numbers 4. dividing rational numbers “Does this process diagram accurately ‘show how a cat claws furniture?” 56 Chapter 2_—_Rational Numbersicom Write the rational number as adecimal, (Section 2.1) Write the decimal as a fraction or a mixed number simplest form. (Section 2.1) 3. -0.325 4. -1.28 Order the numbers from least to greatest. (Section 2.1) 5 4 0.2, >, 0.4, 1.3 -5, -1.2,0.3, 5, -0. 0.2, 3,0.4,1.3 6. 0.3, 5,-0.8 Add. Write fractions in plest form. (Section 2.2) 2 -4+(-3) 8, 378 5.8 + 2.6 10. —4.28 + (—2.56) Evaluate the expression when x jandy (Section 2.2) Weoxty 12. ox+y 13, x+|y| 14. |-x+y] 15. STOCK The value of Stock A changes ~$3.68, and the value of Stock B changes ~$3.72. Which stock has the greater loss? Explain. (Section 2.1) 16. LEMONADE You drink = ofa pitcher of lemonade. Your friend drinks 3 of the pitcher. What fraction of the pitcher do you and your friend drink? (Section 2.2) 17. FOOTBALL The table shows the statistics of a running back in a footballl game. Did he gain more than 50 yards total? Explain, (Section 2.2) ns 2.1-2.2 Quiz 57Subtracting Rational Numbers Essential Question tow can you use what you know about subtracting integers to subtract rational numbers? Mase ees Work with a partner. Use a number line to find the difference. DEeMnaa oan eae Work with a partner. a. Plot ~3 and2.on the number line. Then find ~3 ~ 2 and2 ~ (~3). What do you notice about your results? Rational Numbers Inthisesso, you wll a 3 « subtectratonalnunbes. , Plot. and 1 on the number line. Then find 2 — 1 and 1 — 3, What do you ‘© solve real-life problems. 4 4 4 notice about your results? 3 72 1 ° 1 2 3 c. Choose any two points @ and b ona number line. Find the values of a ~ b and b — a. What do the absolute values of these differences represent? Is this true for any pair of rational numbers? Explain. 58 Chapter2 —_ Rational NumbersADELE etsy Work with a partner. The table shows the balance in acheckbook. e Black numbers are amounts added to the account. Red numbers are amounts taken from the account. Previous balance = 1/02/2013 | 124 Groceries 1/07/2013 Check deposit 1/11/2013 ATM withdrawal 1/14/2013 125 | Electric company 1/17/2013 Music store 1/18/2013 126 Shoes 1/22/2013 Check deposit 1/24/2013 Interest 1/25/2013 127 1/26/2013 | 128 = 1/30/2013 | 129 Cell phone Clothes Cable company CT You can find the balance in the second row two different ways. 100.00 ~ 34.57 = 65.43 Subtract 34.57 from 100.00. Interpret 100.00 + (—34.57) = 65.43 ‘Add -34.57 to 100.00. aa your | & Copy the table. Then complete the balance column. answer represent? Does your answer make sense? b. How did you find the balance in the twelfth row? ¢. Use a different way to find the balance in part (b). What Is Your Answer? 4. INYOUR OWN WORDS How can you use what you know about subtracting integers to subtract rational numbers? 5. Give two real-life examples of subtracting rational numbers that are not integers. Use what you learned about subtracting rational numbers to complete Exercises 3-5 on page 62. Section 2.3 Subtracting Rational Numbers 597 com G° Key Idea Subtracting Rational Numbers Words To subtract rational numbers, use the same rules for signs as you used for integers 2.3 Lesson EY, esson Tutorial le BigideasMath 1_2+1_3 5 6 wuniar, 2-(-!) =2 EXAMPLE (4) Buoerledi elders Find -at-( ‘). Estimate —4 - (— ‘Ad the opposite of ~°. Write the mixed number as an improper fraction. Write the sum of the numerators over the common denominator. Add, Write the improper fraction as ‘a mixed number. Reasonable? -32 ~-3 7 EXAMPLE (2 §iSteneaimelone mn tinises Find 12.8 - 21.6. 12.8 — 21.6 = 12.8 + (21.6) Add the opposite of 21.6. ae |-21.6 | >|12.8], So, subtract | 12.8 | from | -21.6}. fe The differences ~88 @ On Your Own ly r 4-(-3) 2 3 4t-si Ererises 3-11 3 13 274 4. -84-67 5. 20.5 -(-20.5) 6 0.41 ~ (-0.07) 60 Chapter2_—_Rational NumbersThe distance between any two numbers on a number line is the absolute value of the difference of the numbers. EXAMPLE Finding Distances Between Numbers ona Number Line Find the distance between the two numbers on the number line. 4 : To find the distance between the numbers, first find the difference ey of the numbers. 295 1 Add the opposite of 2. ° : Write the mixed numbers as improper fractions. 2 2 9-22 Add. 4 ‘Simplify. i+ Because |-5| = 5, the distance between -22 EXAMPLE (4) ait E Mwy) [= )_ Inthe water, the bottom of a boat is 2.1 feet below the surface, and the snags = top of the boat is 8.7 feet above it. Towed on a trailer, the bottom of the boatis 1.3 feet above the ground, Can the boat and trailer pass under the bridge? i and 2—is 5. 385. Step 1: Find the height h of the boat. Clearance: 11 ft in h=8.7-(-2.1) Subtract the lowest point from the highest point. =87+21 Add the opposite of ~2.1. = 10.8 Add, Step 2: Find the height ¢ of the boat and wailer, 1=108+13 ‘Add the trailer height to the boat height. =121 Add. Because 12.1 feet is greater than 11 feet 8 inches, the boat and trailer cannot pass under the bridge. @ 0n Your Own 7. Find the distance between —7.5 and ~15.3 on a number line. oe Exercises 13-15 8. WHAT IF? In Example 4, the clearance is 12 feet 1 inch. Can the boat and trailer pass under the bridge? Section 2.3 Subtracting Rational Numbers 61Vie We 3 cess) Le Ip with Homewor ~ igideasMath com Gg Vocabulary and Concept Check 3 4. WRITING Explain how to find the difference ~*~ 2. 2. WHICH ONE DOESN'T BELONG? Which expression does nor belong with the other three? Explain your reasoning. ace oo eee) aiat| sg is Practice and Problem Solving Subtract. Write fractions in simplest form. 4 5.-1-25 ee ee 7, -83- 102 8. +-( 3) 10. —7.34 — (-5.51) 11. 6.673 — (—8.29) 12. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the difference. 14, -2.2,84 45, -7, -32 16. SPORTS DRINK Your sports drink bottle is ofall After practice, the bottle is 3 7 ' 4 hll. Write the difference of the amounts after practice and before practice. 17. SUBMARINE The figure shows the depths of asubmarine. a, Find the vertical distance traveled by the Sear) submarine. b. Find the mean houtly vertical distance traveled by the submarine. Evaluate. 18, 2h (2) + (-43) 19. 659 + (-7.8)-(-241) 20. 62 Chapter2 Rational Numbers21. REASONING When is the difference of two decimals an integer? Explain. 22. RECIPE A cook has 22 cups of flour. A recipe calls for2? cups of flour. Does the cook have enough flour? If not, how much more flour is needed? 23, ROADWAY A new road that connects Uniontown to Springville is at miles long. What is the change in distance when using the new road instead of the dirt roads? RAINFALL In Exercises 24-26, the bar graph shows the differences in a city’s rainfall from the historical average. 24. Whatis the difference in fa CLI Yaak ay rainfall between the wettest ———— F 30|{Historical average} 2.36 | and the driest months? Fo [uistorical Average} 2. 25. Find the sum of the differences = for the year. z 26. What does the sum in Exercise 25 é tell you about the rainfall for 90am Fab Mar Apr Way lun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec the year? Month 27. OPEN-ENDED Write two different pairs of negative decimals, x and y, that make the statement x ~ y = 0.6 true. REASONING Tell whether the difference between the two numbers is always, sometimes, or never positive. Explain your reasoning. 28. two negative fractions 29. a positive decimal and a negative decimal 30. QGP rill in the blanks to make the solution correct. 5.4 - (om —3.61 @ tain Game Review what you tearned in previous grades & lessons Evaluate. (Skills Review Handbook) 31. 52x69 32, 72424 33. 22x32 34, 9% = 35, MULTIPLE CHOICE A sports store has 116 soccer balls. Over 6 months, it sells 8 soccer balls per month. How many soccer balls are in inventory at the end ofthe 6 months? (Section 1.3 and Section 1.4) @® -48 48 © 6 @® 108 Section 2.3 Subtracting Rational Numbers 63R Rational Numbers In this lesson, you will ‘© multiply and divide rational umbers. «solve real-life problems, 64 Chapter 2 Multiplying and Dividing tel Mises t3 | Essential Question why isthe product of two negative rational numbers positive? In Section 1.4, you used a table to see that the product of two negative integers is a positive integer. In this activity, you will find that same result another way. Work with a partner. How can you show that (~1)(~1) From the Additive Inverse Property, you know that 1 + (~1) = 0. Ifyou can show that (~1)(—1) + (~1) = is true, then you have shown that CDCN=1 Justify each step. GDCED+-D 21D ay =(CDICD +1) So, (-1I)(-) = 1. Mahon Work with a partner. d. Graph each number below on three different number lin ‘hen multiply each number by ~1 and graph the product on the appropriate number line. 2 8 el How does multiplying by ~ 1 change the location of the points in part (a)? What is the relationship between the number and the product? Graph each number below on three different number lines. Where do you think the points will be after multiplying by ~1? Plot the points. Explain your reasoning. ie 25 i) 2 2 Whaat is the relationship between a rational number ~a and the product =1(@)? Explain your reasoning, Rational NumbersWin enn marouaey ltrs emer e VN ned Work with a partner, Let @ and b be positive rational numbers. a, Because a and b are positive, what do you know about —a and —b? b. Justify each step. (-a(-b) -Na(-)b) =(-D(-D@H) = Maw =ab ©. Because a and b are positive, what do you know about the product ab? d. What does this tell you about products of rational numbers? Explain. Writing a Story, Work with a partner. Write a story that uses addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division of rational numbers. © Atleast one of the numbers in the story has to be negative TET and not an integer. a * Draw pictures to help illustrate what is happening in the story. Lae e my aoe ames id Specify Units © Include the solution of the problem in the story. aa Ll Ifyou are having trouble thinking of a story, here are some common uses of negative numbers: © A profit of ~$15 is a loss of $15. © An clevation of ~100 feet is a depth of 100 feet below sea level. * Again of —5 yards in football is a loss of S yards. © Ascore of —4 in golfis 4 strokes under par. What Is Your Answer? IN YOUR OWN WORDS Why is the product of two negative rational numbers * positive? 6. PRECISION Show that (~2)(—3) = 6. 7. How can you show that the product of a negative rational number anda positive rational number is negative? Use what you learned about multiplying rational numbers to complete Exercises 7-9 on page 68. Section 2.4 Multiplying and fing Rational Numbers 65fcom G° Key Idea Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers Words ‘To multiply or divide rational numbers, use the same rules for signs as you used for integers. Estimate —5 + 2 ‘Write mixed numbers as improper fractions. Multiply by the reciprocal of. i = 2S Multiply the numerators and the denominators. -78 8) de = Bor 2% simpli 350235 Simplify - The quotient is 2g. Reasonable? 28 a2 ff EXAMPLE @M Me peeeae Find —2.5 + 3.6. -2.5 =>{_ The decimals have different signs, x 3.6 150 750 —9.0 0 <{ The product is negative. - The product is ~9. 66 Chapter2 —_ Rational NumbersEXAMPLE (23 eUUiONni plocoe en Monit) tere Me and 26/4 Find > [i : a}. You can use properties of multiplication to make the product easier to find. Commutative Property of Multiplication Associative Property of Multiplication Multiplicative Inverse Property Multiplication Property of One ‘The product is 3 @ 0n Your Own lppeliteeeag, Multiply or divide. Write fractions n simplest form. eres 10-30 6 (1 2 . 1. -8+(-2) 23) 3. 1.8(-5.1) 3 4. -6.3(-0.6) 5. 260.1 +(=100) An investor owns Stocks A,B, and C. What is the mean change in the value Stock Original Value Current Value Change of the stocks? A 600.54 420.15 = 180.39 B 391.10 518.38 127.28 ic 380.22 99.70 280.52 mean = ~180.39 + 127.28 + (~260.52) _ -335.63__44) 9) 3 3 ‘The mean change in the value of the stocks is —$111.21. @ On Your Own 7. WHAT IF? The change in the value of Stock D is $568.23. What is the mean change in the value of the four stocks? Section 2.4 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers. 67G Y i 4. WRITING How is multiplying and dividing rational numbers similar to multiplying and dividing integers? 2. NUMBER SENSE Find the reciprocal of ~2. Tell whether the expression is positive or negative without evaluating. aus (-3] 5. 6.28.18 eee 2714 272 & Practice and Problem Solving Multiply. 7. -1(3) 8. 9. -0.25(-1) Divide. Write fractions in simplest form. 1.3 [8 1 moa) a -§+(-§}) ge 15. wo? + (-44) 16. 17. 8+ 2.2 7 m1 18. -3.45 + (-15) 19. —0.18 + 0.03 20, 8.722 + (-3.56) 21. 12.42 + (—4.8) Multiply. Write fractions in simplest form. @@Ox. -?«(-3 as. 5-5 24, 25. a 26. 0.4 x (-0.03) 27. 28. —8(0.09)(-0.5) 2a, 3.(-a4) .(- 30. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error. 31. 32. x -22 x 3.7 = B14 33. HOUR HAND The hour hand of a clock moves —30° every hour, How many degrees does it move in 2 hours? 34, SUNFLOWER SEEDS How many 0.75-pound packages can you make with 6 pounds of sunflower seeds? 68 — Chapter2 Rational NumbersEvaluate. 35. -4.2+8.1x (-19) 36. 2.85 ~ 6.2 +2? m 5-()eEa] 41. OPEN-ENDED Write two fractions whose product is 2 42. FENCING A farmer needs to enclose two adjacent rectangular pastures. How much fencing does the farmer need? — 43. GASOLINE A 14.5-gallon gasoline tank is? full. How many gallons will i take to fill the tank? |. PRECISION A section of a boardwalk is made using 15 boards. Each board is, 93 inches wide. The total width of the section is 144 inches. The spacing between each board is equal. What is the width of the spacing between each board? 45, RUNNING The table shows the changes in the times (in seconds) of four teammates. What is the mean change? 46. The daily changes in the barometric pressure for four days are ~0.05, 0.09, -0.04, and —0.08 inches. a, Whatis the mean change? b. The mean change after five days is -0.01 inch. What is the change on the fifth day? Explain. @ Fair Game Review what you learned in previous grades & lessons Add or subtract. (Section 2.2 and Section 2.3) 47. -6.2+4.7 48. 81 -(-27) 49. = 51. MULTIPLE CHOICE What are the coordinates of the point in Quadrant IV? (Skills Review Handbook) @® (4) (-3, -3) © (,-2) ® 6-3) Section 2.4 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers 69.70 erearERG y BigIdeasMath Cycom Subtract. Write fractions in simplest form. (Section 2.3) “Ee 2B 3. 9.1- 12.9 4, 5.647 — (—9.24) Find the distance between the two numbers on the number line. (Section 2.3) 5. 7 i 6. 34 28 aay 3g Pari a ————— et -4 -3 -2 o123 “5 4 3 Divide. Write fractions in simplest form. (Section 2.4) 7. 2+(-2) 8. -83 =( 9. -8.4+2.1 10. 32.436 + (—4.24) Multiply. Write fractions in simplest form. (Section 2.4) a1. 3x(-4) 12, -23 x2 3% (15, a*s 13. —9.4 x (—4.7) 14. —100(—0.6)(0.01) 15. PARASAILING A parasail is at 200.6 feet above the water. After 5 minutes, the parasail is at 120.8 feet above the water. What is, the change in height of the parasail? (Section 2.3) 16. TEMPERATURE Use the thermometer shown. How much did the temperature drop from 5:00 pM. to 10:00 pm.? (Section 2.3) 17. LATE FEES You were overcharged $4.52 on your cell phone bill 3 months in a row. The 5:00 ew 10 cell phone company says that it will add ~$4.52 to your next bill for each month you were overcharged. On the next bill, you see an adjustment of ~13.28. Is this amount correct? ree 0S Explain. (Section 2.4) 48. CASHEWS How many LE-pound packages can you make with % pounds of cashews? (Section 2.4) Chapter 2 Rational NumbersChapter Review julary Help ca i BigideasMath’ my Review Key Vocabulary rational number, p. 46 repeating decimal, p. 46 terminating decimal, p. 46 Review Examples and Exercises Rational Numbers (pp. 44-49) a. Write 4? asa decimal. Notice that 43 = vz Ap ge a5 aa 22 ls ae eis So, 45 = 4.6, 5 b. Write -0.14 asa fraction in simplest form. Wiite the digits after the ~0.14 = 24 <——_teecial point in the numerator, | 4 ‘The last digit is in the hundredths place. So, use 100 in the denominator. = =a simply. 4 mt oe ‘ | Exercises | | Write the rational number as a decimal, } 1. -8% ze 3, -18 ait 15 3 6 16 Write the decimal as a fraction or a mixed number in simplest form. 5. -0.6 6. -0.35 7. -58 8. 24.23 Chapter Review 71Sa Adding Rational Numbers (pp. 50-55) 7,5 Find -2 +5, aoe } | Rewrite using the LCD (least common denominator). Write the sum of the numerators ‘over the common denominator. Add. Write th proper fraction as a mixed number. Exercises Add. Write fractions in simplest form. 8 5 10. -42 4° |. -L6 + (-2. 0. 4 +5 41. -1.6 + (-24) Add the opposite of 3 Write the mixed number as an improper fraction. Write the sum of the numerators cover the common denominator. a8 or 34 Simplify. 5 The difference is ~35. Exercises Subtract. Write fractions in simplest form. 129 13, 33-2 14. 3.8 - (-7.45) 12” 10 18 15. TURTLE A turtle is 202 inches below the surface of a pond. It dives to a depth of: 32 inches. What is the change in the turtle’s position? 72 Chapter2_—_Rational Numbers@ Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers (pp. 64-69) a. Find ~4! = 6 Write ced numbers as improper fractions Multiply by the reciprocal of ; Multiply the numerators and the denominators. -25 1 : 235 or -g1 li gr or3y Simplify ‘The quotient is -3h b. Find -1.6 + 2.4. -16 X 2.4 <—{ The decimals have different signs 64 320 3.84 <—( The products negative. ‘The product is —3.84. Exercises Divide. Write fractions in simplest form. 9. [6 42 : 16. 5 (-4) 17, S43 18. 64+(-3.2) 19. -15.4 + (-2.5) Multiply. Write fractions in simplest form. 20. -4(-7] a. 8 (-2) 22. -5.9(-9.7) 23. 4.5(-5.26) 24, —F+(2)-(-3) 25. -1.6+0.5) +(-20) 26. SUNKEN SHIP The elevation ofa sunken ship is ~120 feet. Your elevation is ; of the ship’s elevation. What is your elevation? Chapter Review 732 Chapter fest BigideasM re Write the rational number as a decimal. iideasMath com 7 ae eel 36 eo . 40 9 16 5 Write the decimal as a fraction or a mixed number in simplest form. 5. —0.122 6. 0.33 7. ~4.45 Add or subtract. Write fractions in simplest form. al) 1 ca 10. 2 ( 4) 11. 9.2 + (-2.8) 12. 2.86 — 12.1 Multiply or divide. Write fractions in simplest form. 5 yl 13, 35 x (2) 14, -13 +42 15. —4.4 x (~6.02) 16. }-( 19. ALMONDS How many 2.25-pound containers can you make with 24.75 pounds of almonds? 1S ) 18. —6 + (~0.05) + (-0.4) 20. FISH The elevation of a fish is —27 feet. a. The fish decreases its elevation by 32 feet, and then increases its elevation by 14 feet. What is its new elevation? b. Your elevation is Zot the fish’s new elevation. What is your elevation? 21. RAINFALL The table shows the rainfall {in inches) for three months compared to the yearly average. Is the total rainfall for less than the yearly average? Explain. i i j the three-month period greater than or i j j i 22. BANK ACCOUNTS Bank Account A has $750.92, and Bank Account B has $675.44. Account A changes by -$216.38, and Account B changes by $168.49. Which account has the greater balance? Explain. 74 Chapter2 —_ Rational Numbers(attic aul 1, When José and Sean were each 5 years old, José was 1} inches taller than Sean, José grew 3, at an average rate of 27 inches per year from the time that he was 5 years old until the time he was 13 years old. José was 63 inches tall when he was 13 years old. How tall was Sean when he was 5 years old? A. 394in, c. 443in. 2 a B. 421in, D. 473in. 2 4 Which expression represents a positive integer? Fé H. (—5)? G. (-3) 2s an 16” 4. Whatis the value of the expression below? |-2-(-2.5)| C. 05 B. -0.5 D. 45 5. What is the distance between the two numbers on the number line? Cumulative Assessment 75,6, Sandra was evaluating an expression in the box below. What should Sandra do to correct the error that she made? A. Rewrite 12 as —4 and multiply by 419 Rewrite as and multiply by — e. u C. Rewrite ‘as ~and multiply by 2 ae lon : 5 D. Rewrite 47 as —\* and multiply by ;. 7. What is the value of the expression below when q = —2, r= —12, and s = 8? BR -2 Ho G. -1 L2 You are stacking wooden blocks with the dimensions shown below. seh How many blocks do you need to stack to build a block tower that is 7 inches tall? 76 Chapter 2 —_ Rational Numbersinches and a 9. Whats the area of a triangle with a base length of 2 height of 2 inches? A. 2hin? 4 B. 2tin? 2 10. What is the value of the expression below? (+28 4 BE -6 Think ts R s TOU ri —_e tH HO 0 0 Part A Choose the two points whose values have the greatest sum. Approximate this sum. Explain your reasoning. Part B_ Choose the two points whose values have the greatest difference. Approximate this difference. Explain your reasoning. PartC Choose the two points whose values have the greatest product. Approximate this product. Explain your reasoning. PartD Choose the two points whose values have the greatest quotient. Approximate this quotient. Explain your reasoning. 12. What number belongs in the box to make the equation true? =04 5 9g = 12 | A -1 c. 02 B. -0.2 D1 Cumulative Assessment 77=r ean't find ray atgePTS WA Rovor Now tw DO, ‘able to solve Mt Se my dog biscuits.” ox + CD= 2" ‘painting some “Descar tes, it you solve for YOR. inthe the equation, what de you get?”What You Learned Before @ Evaluating Expressions Example 1 Evaluate 6x + 2y when x= —3andy= 6x + 2y = 6(—3) + 2(5) Substitute —3 for x and 5 for y. 18 +10 Using order of operations, multiply 6 and ~3, and 2 and 5 =-8 Add —18 and 10. Example 2. Evaluate 6x? — 3(y + 2) + 8 when x= —2 and y= 4. 6x? — 3(y + 2) + 8 = 6(—2)? — 3(4 + 2) + 8 Substitute —2 for x and 4 for y. = 6(—2)* — 3(6) +8 Using order of operations, evaluate within the parentheses. = 6(4) — 36) +8 Using order of operations, evaluate the exponent. =24-18+8 Using order of operations, multiply 6 and 4, and 3 and 6. =4 ‘Subtract 18 from 24. Add the result to 8. Try It Yourself ; 1 Evaluate the expression when x = ~ and y = 3. 1. 2xy 2. 12x-3y Be-dx-y+4 Writing Algebraic Expressions Example 3. Write the phrase as an algebraic expression. a. the sum of twice anumber mand four —_b. eight less than three times a number x am +4 3x-8 Try It Yourself Write the phrase as an algebraic expression. 5. five more than three times anumberq — 6. nine less than a number n 7. the product of a number p and six 8 the quotient of eight and a number hk 9, four more than three times anumbert 10. two less than seven times a number c— Algebraic Expressions Inthisleson, you wll ‘apply properties of operations to simplify algebraic expressions «solve reaLife problems. 80 Chapter 3 Work with a partner. a, Evaluate each algebraic expression when x = 0 and when x = 1. Use the results to match each expression in the left table with its equivalent expression in the right table. a B Value When Value When Expression x=0|x=1 Expression | x=0 | x=1 A. 3x+2-x44 al 4 B.| 5(x— 3) +2 by) —x+1 C| x+3-@r+0) «| ax—4 D.) -4x4+2-x+3x d.) 2x+6 E.| -a-9+3 e.| 5x—13 | Qx+x—3x+4 f.| -2x+10 G.) 4-34+20-1) g| x+2 H.) 2a —x+4) he} 2x1 | 5-@-x+20 i.) -ax+2 J.| Sx-@x+4-H il x42 b. Compare each expression in the left table with its equivalent expression in the right table. In general, how do you think you obtain the equivalent expression in the right column? Expressions and Equations