ALDRIN CHRIS G.

GALLANO
SURVEYING 1 (ELEM & HIGHER SURVEYING)
CODE #02170

LAB EXERCISE NO. 1

PROBLEM : PACING
OJECTIVES : a.) To determine individual pace factor.
b.) To measure distance by pacing.

LAB EXERCISE OUTLINE

A. INSTRUMENT & ACCESSORIES: Range Poles, Steel Tape, Markers (hubs,

paint, paint, chalk, or crayons).
B. PROCEDURE:
1. Determining Pace Factor
a) Select a straight and level course and on both ends establish markers
at least 90 meters apart. Designated these end points as A and B.
b) Walk over the course at a natural pace or gait starting with either heel
or toe over point A and count the number of paces to reach point B.
c) For succeeding trials, walk from B to A, then A to B, until 5 trials are
completed, and the number of paces recorded accordingly.
d) Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of
observed field data.

TAPED MEAN
NUMBER PACE FACTOR
TRIAL LINE DIST NO. OF
OF PACES (m/pace)
(m) PACES

1 AB 47.75

2 BA 47.5 30.67
47.25
3 AB 30.67 m 47.75 47.25

4 BA 46.75 = 0.6491

5 AB 46.5

2. Measuring Distance by Pacing.

a) Define or establish the end points of another level course whose length
is to be determined by pacing. Designate these end points as C and D.
b) For the first trial, walk over the course from C to D at a natural pace
and record the number of pace. Then, walk from D to C and again
record the number of paces.
c) Repeat the above procedure until all 5 trials are completed.
 d) After the field data is recorded, make an actual taping of the course CD
to determine the taped distance.
e) Refer to the accompanying sample format for the recording of
observed field data.

NO. OF PACED TAPED RELATIVE

TRIAL LINE MEAN
PACES DIST DIST PRECISION

1 CD 76
(TD-PD) / (TD-PD)
2 DC 74.75 75.05 x TD / (TD-PD)
0.6491
3 CD 75.25 75.05 55.4075 _______1_______
55.4075 / (55.4075-48.71)
4 DC 75 = 48.71
=1/8
5 CD 74.25

C. COMPUTATIONS :
1. Computing Pace Factor (PF).
a) Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on
course AB then compute the mean number of paces.
b) Divide the known or taped length of course AB by the mean number of
paces AB to determine the pace factor.
2. Computing Paced Distance (PD)
a) Get the sum of the number of paces for the five trials performed on the
course CD and compute the mean number of paces.
b) Multiply the mean number of paces for CD by the pace factor to obtain
the paced distance.
3. Computing Relative Precision (RP).
a) Determine the difference between the taped distance of CD and the
paced distance of CD.
b) Divide the difference by the taped distance of CD and reduce the
numerator to unity to determine the relative precision.

D. REMARKS, HINTS AND PRECAUTIONS:

1. The ends of the assigned courses should be marked with either hubs,
marking pins, or by chalk marks if on pavement.
2. Range poles are set or held behind the end points to serve as guides or
markers during actual pacing.
3. A steel tape should be used in laying out or un measuring the actual
lengths of courses assigned for pacing.
4. When taping, two measurements should be made for any line and the
mean recorded as its actual length.
5. The length of a single step is termed a pace. It may be measured from
heel to heel or from toe to toe. Also, each two paces or a double step is
called a stride.

6. Pacing consists of counting the number of steps in a required distance and

is best done by walking with natural steps.
7. Pacing is used only when proximate results are satisfactory such as for
estimating distances used for sketching and reconnaissance surveys.
8. To keep one on the line while pacing, it is a good practice to fix one’s eyes
on a distant object on the range behind the pole at the further end of the
line being pace.
9. A partial pace at the end of the line should be figured out to the nearest
one-fourth pace.
10. The accepted precision for measuring distance by pacing usually varies
from 1/200 to 1/500.
11. Reject measurements that vary from the mean by more than three
percent.
12. If the computed relative precision of the set of measurements is greater
than one part in two hundred, the measurements should be repeated.