Rosa Gutierrez,

Ashleigh Stansfield
&
Michael Tate
§ Small Island in Southeast Asia, Tip of Malaysia

§ Multicultural society
§ Four major communities : Chinese, Malay,
India, and Eurasian
§ Different cultures, religions, food,
language, and history.
§ Singapore Botanic Gardens

§ Biggest and busiest ports

§ •Fire

§ •Mold

§ •Volcanoes

§ •Floods

§ •Rain causes flooding due to ground saturation and

causes a humid climates for part of the year. This
rain also can be the cause of land slides and flash
floods that occur before the massive flooding
§ •Mold occurs from the flooding as well as the
Humidity that is present for a part of the season
around the country.
 § •Fire occurs in parts of the country
due to the dry climate season as
well as the forests that turn dry
during these seasons allowing a
massive fuel for the fire causing
raging wildfires.
§ Volcanoes are a national hazard as
well due to the geographical
location and the tectonic plates that
the country is built on. These
volcanoes can be a root cause for
the smog and the wildfires that rage
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.
around the volcanoes
 § •The country is vulnerable to the
natural hazards because of:
§ •Its geographic location

§ •Being located on the ring of fire

§ •Having tropical conditions

§ The respiratory and health issues that

occur in the country are due to the
smog from the large population and
densely packed cities that Singapore
is known for and having lots of people
and vehicles that are constantly
operating.
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.
§ May 25, 1961- Bukit Ho Swee Fire

§ March 10, 1965 – MacDonald House

Bombing

§ December 2, 1978- Singapore Flood

§ March 15, 1986- Hotel New World building

collapsed
§ 1986: Singapore Civil Defense Act
Created the Singapore Civil Defense
Force.
§ 1994: Fire Safety Act
Creates a national standard of safety to
protect from fires.
§ 1998: Civil Defense Safety Act
Mandates provision of shelter during a
national emergency.

(Government of Singapore, 2021)

 Ministry of
Home Affairs

SCDF
Commissioner

Future Strategy &

Operations &
Technology & Corporate
Resilience
Public Safety Services
 § •Singapore Civil Defense Force (SCDF)
§ A division of the Ministry of Home Affairs
§ The primary response force for Singapore
§ The biggest response group in Singapore as well
§ Responded to the 1958 Fires
§ Funded by the Singapore Government

§ Local Volunteer Fire Departments

§ Respond to everything within their capacity
§ Funded by the local governments

§ Disaster Restoration Singapore

§ Private company that responds from local mold
removal to national restoration acts
§ Private NGO that is funded by their own income.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

 Strengths Weaknesses

• Clear Command • Militaristic

Structure
• Uses Lessons-
Learned Approach
• Global Player
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Disaster Restoration Singapore. (2017b, April 24). Common causes of disasters in
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Government of Singapore. (2021, November 25). Singapore Statutes
online. https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CDA1986?WholeDoc=1
HistorySG. (1961, May 25) Bukit Ho Swee fire occurs. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a67e0450-c429-49b2-
b87c-fb1a26105f4b
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204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00331-z
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management reference handbook. ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/singapore/singapore-assisting-
state-disaster-management-reference-handbook-september-2021
Singapore Civil Defense Force. (2021, June). About us. https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/about-us