B.Tech. CT .

-VI
ALTERNATE FUELS & RAW MATERIALS [04CT606]
Unit-2 /Lecture No- 08

Dr. S.K. Jha

AKS University Satna
✓ India is 2nd largest producer (337.32 MTin 2018-19)
in the world after China.

✓ Having installed capacity of ~550 MT contributes 8%

of the global installed capacity.

✓ Southern Region -35%, Northern Region- 20%

✓ Eastern Region - 18%, Western Region - 14%
✓ Central Region - 13%

✓ Indian cement industry has <1% thermal substitute

rate (TSR) as compare to European cement industry as
high as 34.5%.
• Expensive and time consuming trial runs required for each
stream of HW.

• Lack of pre-processing facilities for using HW.

• Lack of information on availability and quality of AF in public

domain.

• Huge competition for HW adversely impacting gate fee, making

co-processing economically unattractive.

• Restrictions on Interstate movement of HW by some Indian states

• No policy measure to promote highly energy efficient and

environmentally sound co-processing process over other means
of disposal
• Biomass is reserved for WTE power plants in several states.

• Cumbersome transportation and logistics for low density wastes

such as RDF.

• Restrictions on import of AF such as tyre chips and Solid

Recovered Fuel (SRF).

• Huge competition for used tyres from recycling and small scale
industries resulting in exorbitant prices for used tyres.

• Complicated and time consuming permit process for co-

processing.

• No proper waste segregation at source in case of MSW and

plastic waste.
✓ Lowers landfill demand

✓ Co-processing reduces waste sent to landfill and incinerator

and thus also reduces various gas emissions

✓ Reduces dependence on coal, fossil fuels and other natural

resources

✓ Use of CO2 neutral alternative fuels like scrap paper, wood,

wastewater treatment sludge, etc reduces greenhouse gas
emissions from cement production

✓ Helps in reducing the overall environmental impacts

throughout the life cycle of cement manufactured
✓ Reduces health and environmental concerns associated with
certain wastes like from piled scrap tyres.

✓ Many waste materials have raw material value thus substitute

demand for mined material.

✓ Cost savings as no investments are required in purpose built

incinerators or landfill facilities.

✓ Contributes towards achieving the goals set in National Action

Plan on Climate Change and National Mission on Sustainable
Habitats.

✓ Helps in creating a safer, healthier and ecologically

sustainable environment for citizens.
❑ Conservation of fossil (non-renewable) fuels.

❑ Reduction in energy costs during cement manufacture.

❑ Effective method of waste disposal.

❑ Prevention of environmental degradation.

❑ Reduction in green house gas emissions and global warming.

❑ Minimizing environmental impact due to reduced load on coal

mining
•To conserve natural resources of energy and material
•To reduce emissions of green house gases in order to decrease global
warming and demonstrate a positive impact on integrated environmental
indicators, such as the ecological footprint.
•To reduce the environmental impacts of the extraction (mining or
quarrying), transporting, and processing of raw materials.
•To reduce dependence on primary resource markets.
•To save landfill space and reduce the pollution caused by the disposal of
waste.
•To destroy waste completely, eliminating potential future liabilities.
To dispose waste with minimum environmental impact Co-processing
contributes to the industrial competitiveness,
➢Technical Issue
➢Regulatory Issue
➢Economic Issue
➢Health & Safety Issue
➢Liability & Risk Mitigation
➢Fixed Control and Monitoring
➢Supply/ Transport issue
➢Stakeholder’s perception & communication