Ultimate Harley Davidson, New Edition

ULTIMATE
HARLEY-DAVIDSON
HUGO WILSON
dK london
Senior editor Chauney DunforD
ProJect art editor Katie Cavanagh
US execUtive editor Lori Cates hanD
Contents
JacKet deSign develoPment manager sophia Mtt 6–7 Foreword
Senior ProdUction controller raCheL ng
ProdUction editor george niMMo 8–9 Author’s Preface
Senior managing art editor Lee griffiths
managing editor gareth Jones 10–23 The Enduring Appeal
aSSociate PUBliShing director Liz WheeLer
art director Karen seLf
of Harley-Davidson
deSign director phiLip orMeroD
PUBliShing director Jonathan MetCaLf CHAPTER ONE 24–41
dK delhi The Early Bikes

Senior editor rupa rao
Senior art editor ira sharMa 26–27 Model No.1
art editor anuKriti arora
managing editor soMa b. ChoWDhury 28–29 Silent Gray Fellow
Senior managing art editor arunesh taLapatra
JacKet deSigner tanya Mehrotra
30–31 The Early Single
ProdUction manager suniL sharMa, panKaJ sharMa 32–33 KT Board Racer
Pre-ProdUction manager baLWant singh
Senior dtP deSignerS harish aggarWaL, shanKer prasaD
dtP deSignerS anurag triveDi, MrinMoy MazuMDar, syeD MD farhan
JacKetS editorial coordinator priyanKa sharMa saDDi
managing JacKet editor saLoni singh
editorial head gLenDa fernanDes
deSign head MaLaviKa taLuKDer
this aMeriCan eDition, 2021
first aMeriCan eDition, 2000
pubLisheD in the uniteD states by DK pubLishing
1450 broaDWay, suite 801, neW yorK, ny 10018
Copyright © 2000, 2013, 2021 DorLing KinDersLey LiMiteD

DK, a Division of penguin ranDoM house LLC
text Copyright © 2000, 2013, 2021 hugo WiLson
20 21 22 23 24 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–322084–Oct/2021
aLL rights reserveD. Joe Walter on a 1915 KT Board racer
Without LiMiting the rights unDer the Copyright reserveD above,
no part of this pubLiCation May be reproDuCeD, storeD in or introDuCeD
into a retrievaL systeM, or transMitteD, in any forM, or by any Means 34–35 KR Fast Roadster
(eLeCtroniC, MeChaniCaL, photoCopying, reCorDing, or otherWise), Without
the prior Written perMission of the Copyright oWner. 36–37 The 45° F-Head V-Twin
pubLisheD in great britain by DorLing KinDersLey LiMiteD.
a CataLog reCorD for this booK is avaiLabLe froM the Library of Congress.
38-39 Model F
isbn 978-0-7440-2999-4
40–41 JD
DK booKs are avaiLabLe at speCiaL DisCounts When purChaseD in buLK
for saLes proMotions, preMiuMs, funD-raising, or eDuCationaL use.
for DetaiLs, ContaCt: DK pubLishing speCiaL MarKets, CHAPTER TWO 42–57
1450 broaDWay, suite 801, neW yorK, ny 10018
speCiaLsaLes@DK.CoM Early Innovations
harLey-DaviDson is a traDeMarK oWneD by h-D usa, LLC. the harLey-DaviDson
naMe anD MoDeL naMes featureD in this booK are useD for DesCriptive purposes onLy
anD reMain the property of h-D usa, LLC.
44–45 Model J Sidecar
p age 2: 1915 b oarD -t raCK r aCers p age 3: 1999 t Win C aM e ngine 46–47 Eight-Valve Racer
p rinteD in C hina
48–49 The Eight-Valve
www.dk.com
50–51 Model B
52–53 Model S Racer
This book was made with Forest Stewardship 54–55 Hill Climber
Council ™ certified paper—one small step in
DK’s commitment to a sustainable future. For
more information, go to www.dk.com/
56–57 XA
our-green-pledge
CHAPTER THREE 58–75 CHAPTER SIX 116–139 CHAPTER EIGHT 164–173
Side-Valves Sportsters Revolution
60–61 VLE 118–119 Model K 166–167 VR1000
62–64 RL 120–121 XL 168–169 The V-Rod
64–65 The Flathead V-Twin 122–123 KRTT 170–171 VRSCA V-Rod
66–67 WLD Sport Solo 124–125 XRTT 172–173 Street 750
68–69 WLA 126–127 XLCR
CHAPTER NINE 174–179
70–71 U Navy 128–129 XR750
72–73 WR Racer 130–131 XR1000
Sports Bikes
74–75 GE Servi-Car 132–133 XLH883 176–177 Buell RR1000
CHAPTER FOUR 76–97 134–135 XL1200S 178–179 Buell XB9R Firebolt
Ohv Big-Twins 136–137 XL883R CHAPTER TEN 180–187
78–79 61EL
138–139 XR1200X The Way Ahead
80–81 The Knucklehead 182–183 Fat Bob 114
82–83 74FL 184–185 LiveWire
84–85 74FL Hydra-Glide 186–187 Pan America
86–87 The Panhead
88–89 FLH Duo-Glide 188–211 The Complete
90–91 74FLHB Electra Glide Harley-Davidson Catalog
92–93 FX Super Glide 212–216 Index & Acknowledgments
94–95 The Shovelhead
96–97 FLHX Electra Glide
CHAPTER FIVE 98–115
Post-War Small Bikes
The panhead engine
CHAPTER SEVEN 140–163

100–101 ST Recent Big-Twins
102–103 AH Topper
142–143 FLHS Electra Glide
104–105 BTH Bobcat
144–145 The Evolution
106–107 Sprint H
146–147 FLTC Tour Glide
108–109 M-50 Sport
148–149 FXR Super Glide
110–111 CRTT
150–151 FLHRI Road King
112–113 250SS
152–153 FLSTF Fat Boy
114–115 RR250
154–155 FXDX Super Glide
156–157 The Twin Cam
158–159 FXDWG Wide Glide
160–161 FXSTB Night Train
Model S RaceR 162-163 FLHR Road King VRSca V-Rod
Foreword
H
arley-Davidson for many people is and even Roger Reiman’s KR that raced on the
synonymous with the motorcycle. beach at Daytona and then went on to win the
This honor is not without merit. inaugural 200 at the speedway.
Harley has done a great deal for the
motorcycle industry as well as motorcycle Within our research library at the museum of
racing and every Harley-Davidson has a story. over 2,500 books we have more than 190 just
Whether it was ridden to Sturgis, raced at devoted to Harley-Davidson. This one will be a
Daytona, or used for milk delivery, these welcome addition and shining star. We are
motorcycles served their purpose well and with proud to have been a part of it.
a flare that is Harley-Davidson. The roar of a
Harley is pure motorcycle.
The Harleys of the Barber Vintage Motorsports

Museum range from board-track racers to a
Captain America replica. There are military George W. Barber
Harleys, Italian Harleys, touring Harleys, The Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum,
Birmingham, Alabama.
a Harley-powered midget racer, a Knucklehead, www.BarberMuseum.org
Author’s Preface
P eople remember their first Harley-Davidson:
the first time they see one, the first time they hear
one, the first time they ride one. They get to you like
that. Harleys look different, sound different, and
certainly ride different from other motorcycles.
Their extraordinary appeal makes small boys dream
and grown men save. Harley-Davidson has been
making motorcycles for over 100 years. The company
that started as four young men hand-building simple
machines in a wooden shed is now one of the world’s
most famous brands. You will find some of their most
memorable bikes on the pages that follow.
Hugo Wilson
THE ENDURING APPEAL OF
Harley-Davidson 1903–2021
1998 ROAD KING
The story of Harley-Davidson is enthralling.

It began in an era from which only the
most determined and farsighted have
survived, and in many ways Harley’s story
reflects the culture in which the company has
flourished—unparalleled growth punctuated
by periods of decline, but always operating
with a strong spirit of survival.
An American Dream
Harley’s interpretation of the American Dream
is one of the most coveted symbols of freedom and
independence for bikers around the world.
12 • ULTIMATE HARLEY-DAVIDSON
THE ENDURING APPEAL OF
Harley-Davidson
Harley-DaviDson Has been arounD almost as long as the motorcycle, and
longer than the motorcycle has been a half sensible form of transportation. In
1903 Harley-Davidson was just four friends in their twenties, all motorcycle
fanatics at a time when the only people who owned motorcycles were the
seriously rich or those who actually made them. They could not have foreseen
the legacy they would leave.
1903 to 1919 amusement, it had to be

At the turn of the 20th century, America was a place for reliable, tough, practical, and
adventure and challenge. William S. Harley and brothers powerful. The fledgling Harley-
Arthur, William, and Walter Davidson embarked on their Davidson company understood this
own adventure of becoming motorcycle manufacturers. from the start, and even its earliest
While some pioneer manufacturers bolted an existing engine machines were more robust than most other
into a bicycle frame, the four young men from Milwaukee bikes on the market. While its competitors came
did it the difficult way. In 1903 they constructed an engine and went, Harley continued to develop its machines and
from scratch and redesigned the frame to make it stronger enhance its reputation. Production numbers leapt from three
and more suitable for its new role. The first bikes were put machines in 1903 to 50 in 1906, just over 1,100 in 1909,
together in a 10ft x 15ft (3m x 4.5m) shed on the premises and double that the following year. By 1919 the company
of the Davidsons’ family home, though a new “factory” was was producing over 23,000 bikes a year and was the second
built in 1906 that measured 28ft x 80ft (8.5m x 24.5m). biggest manufacturer in the US behind the mighty Indian
William Harley interrupted his work at Harley-Davidson to operation. Impressive figures considering that the Harley-
study automotive engineering at the University of Wisconsin Davidson Motor Company was only established in 1907.
where, rumor has it, he
developed the sprung fork as Threat from the car
a college project. He raised The biggest competition to
financial support for his studies Harley-Davidson, and to the
by waiting tables, and for all four other American motorcycle
of them the motorcycle project manufacturers, came from
was only a part-time interest Henry Ford and his Model T
until they moved to the larger car. Following its introduction
premises in 1906. in 1908, the car gradually
Conditions were rough on the became cheaper as mass
roads of the US in the early production developed, and it
20th century, and the distances soon became less expensive
between towns were considerable. than all but the most
If a motorcycle was to be a viable rudimentary of motorcycles.
machine rather than an The First Harley-Davidson Factory in Milwaukee Those who were prepared
1900 •1901 1902 •1903 •1904 1905• 1906 1907• 1908 •1909
William S. Harley and Harley-Davidson Harley-Davidson The Harley-Davidson The first production
Arthur Davidson begin goes into production, annual production Motor Company is V-twin, the Model 5-D;
early experiments in their with an output of rises to eight formed; a prototype 1,149 bikes are
basement workshop three motorcycles motorcycles The Single V-twin is built built this year
THE ENDURING APPEAL OF HARLEY-DAVIDSON • 13
The Founding Fathers Arthur Davidson,

Walter Davidson, William A. Davidson,
and William S. Harley
to spend cash on a
motorcycle were either
enthusiasts or police
departments, who soon
recognized that high-
performance motorcycles
were rather useful for
catching misbehaving
Harley-Davidson Sidecar in Action During World War I
motorists in low-performance
automobiles. For motorcycle production nine decades later. Though Harley’s “bar and
manufacturers, it was a case of either shield” trademark first appeared in 1910, it is the 45° V-twin
developing new technologies of their own to that remains a more potent symbol of the company. With
take the motorcycle forward, or simply going out of hindsight, it’s easy to sound wise. So when Harley introduced
business. And most of Harley-Davidson’s competitors did. a new lightweight flat-twin in 1919, we can see that it could
Fortunately, Harley made significant technological never have been a success. But in 1919 the company couldn’t
advances in its first few years. The sprung fork appeared have realized that its future prospects would be so
in 1907, magneto ignition in 1909, mechanical entwined with the V-twin engine.
inlet valves in 1911, and chain drive in 1912. The years leading up to the end of that decade
Mechanical oil pumps appeared in 1915, along were a period of extraordinary growth. By 1914,
with electric lighting and a three-speed gearbox, the tiny workspace of 1903 had grown to an area
by which time one could argue that the motorcycle covering 2,424,479ft2 (225,234m2) and the number
had achieved a practical form and all further of employees had risen from four to over 1,500.
developments were improvements rather Harley’s bikes had quickly gained a name for
than breakthroughs. being fast and dependable and the
company set up a factory race team
Birth of the V-twin in 1915 which had immediate
But the most important development success. In addition, Harley was
for Harley-Davidson occurred given an official seal of approval by
between 1907 and 1911. In 1907 the supplying over 20,000 bikes to Allied
company built its first experimental forces during World War I.
V-twin-engined machine. Two years A combination of innovative
later a V-twin was listed as part of the engineering and shrewd business
model line, but disappeared the practice meant that in less than
following year, suggesting that it had 15-years Harley-Davidson had
not been perfected. The V-twin established itself as one of the world’s
returned in 1911, and is still in Early Harley-Davidson Hill-Climber leading motorcycle manufacturers.
1910• 1911 •1912 1913• 1914 •1915 1916 1917• 1918 1919•
Harley-Davidson Over 200 Harley- Harley-Davidson

workforce now Davidson dealers begins military bike
up to 149 established across production as US
employees Silent Gray Fellow the US Board-Track Racer enters World War I Model W
1920 to 1939
The period between the wars saw production slip back in
terms of volume as the domestic market shrank. Consequently
Harley went on a successful search for export markets—as
well as Europe and the British empire, machines were also
exported to Japan. At home, dealers were given increased
support, advertising budgets soared, and credit programs were
developed. Everything possible was done to persuade the
fence-sitter that they could and should buy a new Harley-
Davidson. Though the factory in Milwaukee wasn’t running
at anything like the capacity that it had been, it was still
doing far better than any other manufacturer. In the mid-
1920s Harley-Davidson overtook Indian as the biggest
motorcycle manufacturer in the United States, and for a
time it was the biggest in the world.
In motorcycle racing, the board tracks that had provided
the main spectacle in the early years of the century—and
that had given Harley a number of notable victories—were
falling from favor, partly as a result of some appalling
accidents. By the mid-1920s, dirt-track racing had become
the next big thing and was growing in popularity.
For the bike-buying public, the range of Harleys on offer continued until the 1970s. When new 74cu. in. side-valve
was changing all the time. The W-series flat-twins, introduced V-twins were introduced in 1930, it signaled the end for
in 1919, were dropped in 1923, having failed on the American Harley’s long association with the inlet-over-exhaust engine
market. Small-capacity, single-cylinder machines such which had been used on Harleys since its first machines.
as the A and B were brought in to fill a similar
market niche. Sales were steady until the models The depression bites
were dropped in the early 1930s. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 changed the
Far more significant were the new American economy overnight, and the depression
45cu. in. side-valve V-twins, that followed had a severe impact on
which were launched in 1929. Harley-Davidson and its competitors.
These were built to compete The Excelsior-Henderson company
with Indian and Excelsior in stopped motorcycle production in
what was an expanding area 1931, and in 1933 Harley production
of the market. In 1932, a slumped to less than 4,000 machines,
three-wheeled version of the its lowest figure since 1910. The
side-valve V-twin was built— company survived the Great
the Servi-Car became popular Depression intact partly because of the
with the police and production F.A. Longman on a Winning Harley-Davidson family ownership of the firm; quite
•1920 1921 1922• 1923• 1924• 1925 •1926 •1927 •1928 1929
74cu. in. FD Harley Harley workforce Ricardo

and JD V-twins withdraws its cut from 2,500 cylinder heads
introduced factory race to 1,000 on AA and
Eight-Valve Racer (model year) team employees AA Peashooter BA models JD28
Though the general economic climate had improved by the

mid-1930s, Harley’s situation was still uncertain, so the
decision to release what is arguably the most significant
model in Harley’s history was a risky one. The technologically
advanced “Knucklehead” had a recirculating lubrication
system, a four-speed gearbox, and overhead-valves with
hemispherical combustion chambers. This bike is the direct
granddaddy of today’s big-twins, but its influence was more
than just mechanical. The 1930s was the decade of
streamlining, when aerodynamics wasn’t a science but a
statement. It was about optimism in future technology.
The Victorious 1920 Harley-Davidson Factory Race Team
simply, Harley-Davidson didn’t have to humor its

shareholders. The families who owned the company had
to roll up their sleeves, get on with the job, and wait for
the economic climate to improve.
The depression was giving motorcycle racing a hard
time, too. In 1934 a new racing class was introduced that The Sidecar was a Great
Success in the 1920s, With
encouraged production-based machines and amateur racers Both Leisure and Racing
back onto the tracks. Class C was a big hit, and it soon Models’ Popularity
became the most important racing category in America.
A classic is unveiled And the 61E epitomized the streamlined look, an integrated
There was a bright side to the era. The 1930s Art Deco style that set the tone for the modern motorcycle.
movement, with its fresh use of color and styling, inspired In the run up to World War II, Harley-Davidson was in a
Harley-Davidson to move away from the green color schemes comfortable position. It had a solid model line, a good
it had been using as its paint finishes since 1917. And reputation, a wide dealer network, and a secure financial base.
one major new model introduced in 1936 embodied the It had grown from strength to strength and, most importantly,
movement’s style and boldness—the 61E “Knucklehead.” had survived the worst economic collapse on record.
1930• 1931 1932• 1933 1934 •1935 1936• 1937 1938• 1939•
Series G Servi-Car First rally to be “Boat-tail” tail

introduced; Joe Petrali held at Sturgis, lights and “cats-
wins US Hill-Climb attracting eye” consoles
Hill Climber title on a Harley RL 61EL many bikers introduced
1940 to 1959 California, and indulged in some exuberant behavior. This

By the time the United States entered World War II after was subsequently reported as a full-scale riot that put the lives
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, and property of the townsfolk in danger. Motorcyclists were
the economy had already adjusted itself to the effects of the now seen as hell-raisers in black leather, a label that took
conflict. Harley-Davidson’s civilian motorcycle production some time to shift. The events at Hollister became the basis
had been put on hold earlier in 1941 as the company geared of the film The Wild One, which starred Marlon Brando
up for the war effort, and during the following four years (though he actually rode a Triumph in the film).
over 90,000 military machines were supplied to the Allies.
The vast majority of these were side-valve WLAs, their
widespread use on the battlefields of Europe helping to
advertise the Harley-Davidson name worldwide.
Harley emerged from World War II in good shape, though
production and supply of civilian machines did not reach full
capacity again until 1947. The war had other consequences
for Harley-Davidson and the American motorcycle scene in
general. The availability of cheap ex-military motorcycles, and
the fact that there were large numbers of demobbed military
personnel looking for excitement, gave rise to the trend for
customizing motorcycles. Standard bikes were stripped of
all extraneous parts to improve handling and increase
performance. These bikes became known as “Bobbers,”
and were the forerunners of the later choppers.
One incident that occurred just after the war damaged the
reputation of motorcycling. In July 1947,
a large group of bikers known as A Wla Offers
“The Booze Fighters” Protection to its
Armed Despatch Rider
met up in the town
of Hollister, A changing scene
Another side-effect of the war was that Harley acquired the
design for a 125cc two-stroke machine from the German
company DKW as part of war reparations. Production of the
small bike began in 1948 and, though it was Harley’s first two-
stroke and a radical departure from its traditional machines, its
later derivatives such as the Hummer sold well in prosperous
1950s America. The other major new model for 1948 was an
updated version of the “Knucklehead” big-twin, dubbed the
“Panhead” because of the appearance of its rocker covers. The
following year the arrival of Harley’s first hydraulically damped
telescopic forks heralded the appearance of the “Hydra-Glide.”
1940 1941• •1942 1943 1944• 1945• 1946 •1947 1948 •1949
Walter Davidson World War II Harley given

dies; first year of ends; military rights to produce
military-only bikes sold off German DKW
WLD production U Navy to the public 125cc machine WR Dirt Track
Away from Harley’s big-twin development, things were was celebrating its 50th anniversary, and
moving apace in the motorcycle market. The arrival of Indian’s closure left Harley as the only
British motorcycles in the United States from the late significant manufacturer still operating
1940s saw the first real overseas threat to Harley-Davidson’s in the United States. Indian had once
dominant market position. These models were lighter, been the biggest manufacturer
quicker, and handled better than the traditional Harleys, in the world, with an enviable
with an emphasis on performance and looks rather than reputation for quality and
innovation. The rival
company’s collapse, with
Harley in rude health,
underlined the strength
of the foundations at the
Milwaukee company.
Star treatment
Harley-Davidson bikes
A Very Young Willie G. Davidson
were getting more high-
profile, and Elvis Presley was one of a number of stars who
were prepared to declare themselves Harley owners (though it
didn’t stop him riding a Honda in the 1964 film
Roustabout). In 1956 he even appeared on the cover
of Harley’s magazine, The Enthusiast, aboard his KH
Sport twin. Others who were used to sell the Harley
name included Clark Gable, Tyrone Power, and Roy
Rogers. The association between the Harley brand
and contemporary “stars” has continued through to
Harleys Sold in Large Numbers to Police Forces in
the 1950s (above), While Smaller Bikes (right) the present day.
Were Touted as the New Fun Way to Get Around
The late 1950s saw a couple of significant new
rugged durability and long-distance comfort. models being unveiled. In 1957 the unit-
Harley responded in 1952 with the new side- construction Sportster appeared, and at last Harley
valve K Sport, but the limitations of the had a model that could match the performance
flathead engine layout meant that it wasn’t and looks of the British imports. Then in 1958 the
until the bike gained overhead-valves and big-twin got rear suspension and was renamed the
was christened the Sportster in 1957 that it “Duo-Glide,” a model that established the blueprint
became a real success. It is now the longest surviving for the big Harley tourer; comparing the profile of a “Duo-
motorcycle model in the world. Glide” with a modern Harley, it is hard to tell them apart.
In a further development, the Indian company, which had Given that the Sportster has remained essentially the same
been building motorcycles in America since 1901, ended since its introduction, it can be argued that Harley’s unique
production in 1953. This was the year that Harley-Davidson styling was established in the 1950s.
1950 •1951 1952• 1953• 1954 1955• 1956 •1957 1958 1959•
Premiere of the First year of “Arrow-flite”

film The Wild 125cc Model B tank emblem
One, promoting Hummer; new introduced; last
74FLH Hydra-Glide bad-biker image “V” tank logo ST Hummer XL Sportster year of Hummer
1960 to 1979 Peter Fonda and Dennis

Hopper Take to the Road
In 1960, America was booming and motorcycle sales were on Their Harley Choppers
strong, but Harley-Davidson wasn’t getting as much of the in the 1969 Film Easy RidER
action as it would have liked. Part of the reason was that the
scooter market had taken off in the affluent 1950s. Period
sales brochures showed scooters being piloted by well-
scrubbed college kids in checked shirts. This market was fed
by domestic producers and also by imported machines from
Italy and Germany. It was unfortunate that when Harley-
Davidson chose to enter the market in 1960 with its Topper
scooter, the market had started to shrink.
Meanwhile, British-built 500 and 650cc twins continued
to sell well, and the arrival of Honda (in 1959) and other
Japanese manufacturers changed the market again. Their
marketing campaigns, targeting
people who hadn’t previously
thought of buying a motorbike,
expanded the market for small
motorcycles. In addition, they
knew that some of the people who
started on a small bike would soon
be looking for bigger machines.
Harley was able to offer a
couple of small bikes of its own
for, as well as the Topper, the
company had developed a 165cc The stakes are raised
lightweight two-stroke based on The arrival of high-spec Japanese imports had another
the 125 which first appeared in consequence. People wondered why, if a Japanese 125cc
Harley’s Merger with AMF
1948. Ultimately, however, it was machine could have an electric starter, an American 1200cc
Boosted the Company’s not enough and Harley must have machine could not. Harley’s response was to fit an electric
Financial Position
figured that it didn’t have the starter to its FL models from 1965 to create the Electra
expertise or inclination to compete for small-bike sales Glide, possibly the most famous motorcycle model ever built.
without outside help. In 1960 it bought a 50 percent stake in It even had a film named after it, Electra Glide in Blue (1973).
the Italian company Aermacchi and instantly acquired a From 1967, all Harley’s lightweights were Italian-built,
selection of small-capacity machines. Aermacchi’s bikes were leaving the Milwaukee factory to turn out Sportsters, Electra
re-badged as Harley-Davidsons to immediately increase the Glides, and the Servi-Car. But foreign competition was taking
Harley range. Unfortunately, Harley dealers were even more significant chunks out of Harley’s market share and production
suspicious of the Italian-built machines than they had been figures were in decline. Despite being offered on the stock
of the scooter, and sales were disappointing. market in 1965, extra cash was still needed and it was decided
•1960 1961 •1962 1963 1964 •1965 •1966 •1967 1968• 1969
Harley buys stake in 74cu. in. Cal Rayborn wins

Tomahawk fiberglass “Shovelhead” two Daytona
company; “tombstone” engine 200-mile races
FLH Duo-Glide speedometer on twins Electra Glide introduced CRTT on a Harley
twin engine and frame with the front end of a Sportster to

create a new style of factory-built custom bike that is the
basis of Harley’s success today. And since the FX, Harley-
Davidson has realized the benefits of putting out a range of
models all based on similar engines, but with different styles.
Harley’s lowest point

The 1970s was not a good decade for the motor industry in
general and Harley in particular. The oil crisis and tooling
problems resulting from the merger with AMF hit sales hard.
This was despite the introduction of the XR750, which would
go on to become the most successful dirt-track bike in the
history of the sport. Harley bowed to the inevitable in 1978
and sold off its interest in Aermacchi, thereby ending its brief
Evel Knievel Prepares for

Another Death-Defying Stunt
on a Harley-Davidson XR750
that Harley-Davidson needed a heavyweight partner. In

January 1969, AMF (American Metal Foundries)
bought a controlling stake in the company.
By this time, the customizing trend had switched
from “Bobbers” to “Choppers.” Bikes were given
raked frames and improbably long forks, wild paint The All-Conquering
jobs, and decorative chrome. These additions looked Harley-Davidson XR750
amazing, but often affected performance and handling.
Harley-Davidson officially frowned on this trend, but the flirtation with lightweights. By 1979 Harley sales made up
director of styling, William G. Davidson—the grandson of just four-percent of the US market and its bikes were seen
founder William A. Davidson—was watching it with as unreliable and idiosyncratic. As the company moved into
interest. In 1971 he paid homage to the chopper craze—and the next decade it was in desperate need of better quality
to the look popularized by the film Easy Rider (1969)—with control and a broader range of products. Things had to
the FX1200 Super Glide. This new model combined the big- improve before the bikes appealed to a wider range of buyers.
1970 •1971 1972 1973• 1974 •1975 1976• 1977 •1978 1979•
Rear disc brakes Jay Springsteen Harley’s share

on Servi-Car, wins AMA of US bike
but last year National title market is just
FX Super Glide in service 250SS on a Harley XLCR Cafe Racer four percent
1980 to 2003 Big changes followed almost immediately, and they had to,
In 1980 Harley-Davidson was in big trouble. Its market share considering that in 1981 the US market was being flooded
was small, reliability troubles meant its reputation was in with more cheap Japanese imports than at any time in its
tatters, and its machines were hopelessly outdated compared history. An efficiency drive resulted in the introduction of
to the Japanese opposition. People who learned to ride on materials-as-needed production techniques, whereby
trouble-free Japanese machines might have liked the idea of components were delivered just prior to machine assembly.
buying a Harley, but found the reality unacceptable. Though more than one third of the workforce was laid off as
Noise and emission a result, the new procedure
restrictions were also hitting put an end to the inefficient
Harley’s old-fashioned practice of maintaining
engines hard; they got less stagnant stock. Quality
powerful and more control was also improved
emasculated with each new and the new model
law that was passed. Even development program was
US police departments, shifted up two gears.
which had first bought bikes Harley-Davidson petitioned
from Harley-Davidson in the International Trade
1907 and had continued Commission (ITC) for tariff
ever since, were now restrictions on Japanese
deserting the company and motorcycles to give it time
switching to foreign bikes. to turn the company around
What Harley-Davidson and in 1982 President Ronald
needed was to introduce Reagan duly obliged by
new machines that slapping tariffs on all
maintained the essence of the American The Sturgis Rally Has Japanese machines over
Attracted a Wide Range
V-twin but came with vastly improved of Enthusiasts Since 1938 700cc. As the new
performance and reliability. management team sought to
The FLT Tour Glide of 1980 was a establish a positive new direction for the company,
good start. A new frame, which isolated Harley-Davidson also began an aggressive campaign
the engine and reduced vibration, made riding comfort to protect its trademarks and copyright.
superior, and the revised design and geometry also improved
handling—as did the frame-mounted fairing and Harley’s first The self-belief returns
five-speed transmission. But nomatter how good the model A couple of contributory factors around this time helped
was, introducing new bikes was only dealing with the problem Harley’s recovery. The Reagan years marked a return of
at a purely superficial level—Harley’s troubles ran much America’s patriotism and self-belief, and the Harley-
deeper than that. A year later thirteen Harley-Davidson Davidson motorcycle was the ideal representation of that
executives, including Willie G. Davidson, bought the company belief. In addition, buyers had started to doubt the value of
back from AMF. Operating as an independent company again, continually searching for increased performance. They were
it was the start of a new era. now looking to buy bikes that made them feel good, rather
•1980 1981 •1982 1983 •1984 •1985 1986 •1987 1988 •1989 1990• 1991
80cu. in. FLT Only year for

Tour Glide Special- FXEF and Ultra Classic
introduced as edition 25th FXSB Electra Glide The FLSTF Fat
first of Harley’s anniversary models, released with CB Boy introduced
heavyweight Sportster based on new and cruise with front and
tourers model released XR1000 Evo unit XLH883 control rear disc wheels
For Harley-Davidson, it was an astonishing recovery. In

technological terms, the introduction of the Evolution big-
twin engine in 1984 was the start of the new beginning. An
engine which looked very similar to the Shovelhead, but
which was cheaper to make, more reliable, quieter, and more
powerful turned out to be the key to success. Even police
departments now started buying Harleys again. And
Harley-Davidson’s innovative product development
through the end of the 1980s and into the ’90s assured
the bike-buying public that it was well and truly back
on track. Harley has acquired a unique
understanding of what its customers
want and the appearance of the
radical new V-Rod in the new
millennium suggests that the
company is now entering a
new phase in its long history.
The Harley family

One of the things that customers
want is to feel like they belong. Look A Sample of Harley-Davidson’s
at the formation of HOG (Harley Extensive Merchandise
Harley-Davidson on Film: Arnold Schwarzenegger in TerminaTor ii (1991)
Owners’ Group) in 1983, a factory sponsored club which
than ones that outperformed the opposition. Harley- made new riders feel at home. It was a pastiche of the
Davidson, the only large-scale American motorcycle traditional bike club, with leathers and sew-on patches, but
manufacturer, with 75 years of heritage, and products without the oily fingernails or the bad-ass attitude. No other
that looked like they were history in the 1950s, A 1920s 10 Cent Stamp enthusiast group sponsored by a
was perfectly poised to take advantage of the Featuring Harley-Davidson’s
Postal Service Motorcycle
manufacturer can boast over 400,000
situation. And it did. members worldwide. Rallies such
Japanese manufacturers realized the way as Daytona and Sturgis attract
this section of the market was going and, Harley riders in their tens of
by the end of the 1980s, each of the four thousands each year, but you don’t
big companies had responded by offering have to own a Harley to feel this sense
variations on Harley’s V-twin theme. But of belonging. Such has been the success
it was too late. By 1986 Harley had of the company that you can now use
leapfrogged Honda to become the best- your Harley-Davidson credit card to buy
selling superheavyweight bike manufacturer Harley after-shave, beer, or a Barbie™ doll.
in the United States, aided by one vital The Harley-Davidson Motor Company
ingredient—heritage. 1990s Belt Buckle Commemorating 1920s Stamp really has come a long way.
1992• 1993 •1994 1995• 1996 1997• 1998 1999• 2000 2001• 2002 2003
Belt drive
is now
standard Harley reveals it FLSTF Softail
on all plans to produce introduced
Harley 200,000 bikes a with 1940s
models VR1000 year from 2003 styling Fat Boy VRSCA V-Rod
2004 to 2013 brand by producing more conventional

Harley Davidson appeared to start their sporting motorcycles, and, equally, customers
second century confidently, though they were wanting a mainstream motorcycle were suspicious
struggling with a falling share price and were of Harley-Davidsons. Harley went on to invest
soon to suffer badly in the global recession. in Buell (with an all-new engine in 2007) and in
They strived to make their bikes more efficient 2008 Harley bought the famous Italian MV
with better dynamics, improving performance Agusta marque.
and handling while also meeting ever more There was an irony here: the factory in which
stringent emissions controls. They expanded their MVs were made had been owned by Harley-
accessories and clothing ranges and pushed the Davidson before. It was the same one in which
Harley brand and products into new markets the Harley-Davidson two-strokes had been
around the globe. Hill-Climber SCulpture, Harley- made until 1978.
DaviDSon muSeum, milwaukee
As well as factories at Milwaukee, the company Unfortunately the global recession affected
had a substantial plant at York, Pennsylvania, assembling the company badly. Suddenly their market shrank rapidly
the big-twins, and at Kansas City, Missouri, building Sportster and dramatic restructuring and cost-cutting were required.
and V-Rod models. The Buell division was closed (just as they won their first
AMA Pro Racing championship) and, less than two years
Custom bikes after it was acquired, MV Agusta was sold at a substantial
Recognizing a growing trend for bespoke custom bikes, loss. Production of the company’s traditional bikes was
for which well-heeled buyers would pay a premium, Harley- reduced and so was the workforce.
Davidson began offering a factory customizing service, and In adversity the company focused on making its existing
also a limited number of premium-price CVO (Custom machines better with incremental improvements in quality
Vehicle Operations) built machines with special finishes and innovation. They sought out new buyers, working to
and factory-fitted accessories. From 2009 they started attract women and younger riders at home, and moved into
offering a trike too. growing markets too; they
The importance of established an Indian
the brand’s heritage was subsidiary in 2009 and
underscored in 2008 with were assembling five
the opening of a 20-acre models there by 2012.
museum in Milwaukee A stuttering world
which contains over 450 economy has stalled the
motorcycles, and attracts growth of the Harley
hundreds of thousands of market and reduced the
visitors every year. company’s profitability,
Harley understood that but the bikes themselves
their loyal customers were are better than ever,
wary of them diluting the combining improved
an aSSembly line at a Harley-
efficiency with a nod
DaviDSon plant to history and heritage.
•2004 2005 2006• 2007• 2008• 2009 •2010 •2011 2012
New chassis 35th

and updated anniversary 50th
engine for Super Glide anniversary New Rocker
Sportster range models Sportster Softail models XR1200X XL883N Iron
2014 to 2021 twins ever made, being smoother, more powerful, and more
The introduction of the all-new Street model line for 2015 economical than their predecessors. Would that be enough
was a bold attempt by Harley-Davidson to enlarge its to appeal to new and existing customers?
customer base with a smaller, lighter, more affordable In 2018 Harley-Davidson announced a bold plan for new
machine. It was designed to appeal to new riders in the bikes and new engines that ranged from an ambitious 1,250cc
home market and to “budget- and brand-conscious” adventure bike, dubbed the Pan America, to smaller models,
consumers, especially in the emerging markets in Asia and built locally for Asian markets. Harley also became the first
South America. The mid-capacity 500 and 750cc V-twins, mainstream motorcycle manufacturer to embrace electric
with liquid cooling and four valves per cylinder, were built power, with the throbbing “potato, potato” rumble of the V-twin
in the US for the domestic market, and at Harley’s being replaced by the almost silent whoosh of electric torque on
factory in India. their LiveWire model, which went into dealers in 2020.
The challenges as Harley-Davidson approached its However, a management change in 2020 saw that plan
120th year were immense: to find new customers at being scaled back, the model line slimmed down, factories
home and abroad without alienating its existing base closed, and racing programs halted. The LiveWire remains
or sullying the famous brand, and to meet stringent new a key part of the strategy and the Pan America adventure
emissions laws around the world. This was complicated bike was launched in 2021, taking Harley-Davidson into new
further by the reemergence of Harley’s historical rival. markets, while established models continue to enthrall their
The famous Indian brand had been languishing since faithful enthusiasts.
the 1950s, passing through multiple overambitious and
underfunded owners before finally being acquired by
the giant Polaris group in 2011. Its new models began
appearing in 2013, offering a tempting alternative
flavor to the traditional American motorcycle.
The way ahead

Harley responded with an all-new big-twin engine
for 2017. The Milwaukee-Eight was a 45° V-twin, but
featured four-valve cylinder heads, liquid cooling, and a
larger capacity to overcome the restrictions required to
pass 21st-century noise and emissions controls. It also
delivered significantly improved performance, smoother
running, and improved comfort through cooler running.
107cu.in, 114cu.in, and 117cu.in versions (1,750cc, 1,870cc,
1,920cc) were made, initially appearing in the Tourer
models, and in the following year in an all-new Softail line,
which replaced both the existing Softails and the Dyna
range. By any objective judgment they were the best big-
The 2019 AnnuAl europeAn hArley
owners Group rAlly in porTuGAl
2013• 2014 2015• 2016 2017• 2018 2019• 2020 2021•
Company Street model Milwaukee-

celebrates line of bikes Eight engine
110 years launched introduced LiveWire Pan America
CHAPTER ONE
The early Bikes 1903 –1929
1905 SINGLE CYLINDER
Early internal combustion engines

were underpowered, unreliable, and
almost comically crude. Part of Harley-
Davidson’s success was its realization
that increasing engine size was part of
the solution to lack of power and that
practical design and added strength
improved reliability. But it didn’t
embrace change for change’s sake. The
evolution of the Harley engine from the
first prototypes to the last of the inlet-
over-exhaust valve machines of 1929
was gradual and evolutionary.
Early Bike Brother

Walter Davidson stands next to an early Harley single (left).
After building their first bike in 1903, it took three years
before the four founders worked full-time at Harley-Davidson.
1905 Model No.1 Rod linkage

Oil tank mounted
within fuel tank
M
connects twist-
otor and cycle. There wasn’t much more to the first Harleys grip control to
carburetor
than these two vital ingredients. Though William Harley and
the Davidson brothers used a larger engine than most of their
contemporary manufacturers, the fact that pedal power was an
essential supplement to the internal combustion engine on hills
meant that the bicycle layout had to be retained. Harley curved
Carburetor
the bottom frame tube under the crankcases to allow the engine float chamber
to be mounted lower in the frame, resulting in superior
handling. The battery ignition system, crude carburetor, belt
drive, and other unrefined elements ensured that the early
motorcycle wasn’t really a viable means of transportation,
but at least the Model No.1 was a cut above the average.
White rubber tires were Solid bicycle-
common on early machines style front forks
until it was realized
that black rubber
hid the dirt
One-piece
cast-iron
cylinder
Drive pulley
1905 Model No.1

The 1905 Model No.1 was almost identical
to the bikes built in 1903 and ’04, and until
1909 Harley-Davidson produced only one
66-in model, which was improved upon each
(26-cm) year. The model number represented the
wheel year of production minus four.
1905 MODEL NO.1 • 27
Lubricating oil is
held in the top half
of the tank; fuel is
held in the bottom
“ Harley’s Model No.1 was
essentially an engine bolted onto
specifications
1905 Model No.1
a bicycle frame, with pedal- • engine Inlet-over-exhaust single
power still needed when there • capacity 24.74cu. in. (405.41cc)
was a steep hill to be climbed.
” •
•
power output Unknown
transmission Single-speed,
belt drive
• frame Tubular loop
Crude leather bicycle saddle;
the saddle springs were the • suspension None
bike’s only form of suspension • weight 1851b (84kg)
Belt • top speed 40mph (64km/h) (est.)
tensioning
lever Battery case contains
a rechargeable lead-
plate battery to power Belt drive pulley
the ignition mounted on
wheel rim
Rear hub coaster
brake was operated by
pedaling backward
Ignition
coil
Flat
leather Loop
belt frame
Muffler restricted
exhaust noise to
prevent horses from
being frightened
28-in
Pedal-power was often (71-cm)
needed when the Stand used for tire
engine alone did not stationary
provide enough power vehicle only
1912 Silent Gray Fellow

B y the time harley-DaviDson built this X-8 single in 1912, the
company was well on the way to establishing itself as a major
motorcycle manufacturer, and the motorcycle was a more refined mode
1912 Silent Gray Fellow
This bike was a direct development of
the original 1903 model and continued
in production until 1918. Though it still
of transportation. The rugged engineering and rigorous development had belt final-drive, an atmospheric inlet
valve, and no gearbox, these developments
championed by Harley from day one had borne fruit in the form of were just around the corner.
sprung forks and magneto ignition, and the company wasted no time
emphasizing that cubic inches were the key to increased power. The
original 1903 Harley had a 24.74cu. in. (405cc) engine, rising
to 26.8cu. in. (440cc) in 1906, and 30cu. in. (494cc) in 1909. Atmospheric inlet
In 1913 it gained a further 5cu. in. (82cc). The Harley single valve is kept closed
by this light spring
became a valued and dependable machine which earned it
the nickname “Silent Gray Fellow.”
Control cables replaced
rod linkages in 1909
Valanced
front fender
White rubber
tires were a
period feature
Loop frame curves under

the engine, allowing it
Leading- to be positioned lower
link front Canvas for optimum weight
suspension mudflap distribution
1912 SILENT GRAY FELLOW • 29
Twist-grip
specifications throttle control
1912 Silent Gray Fellow Wide handlebars
• engine Inlet-over-exhaust,
single-cylinder The sprung seat
• capacity 30cu. in. (494cc) post was a nice First year of
• power output 6.5bhp @ 2,700rpm touch on a bike with valanced mudguard
• transmission Single-speed, belt drive no rear suspension
• suspension Leading-link forks, rigid rear
• weight 1951b (89kg) Pedals start the engine
• top speed 45mph (72km/h) and set the bike in Rear brake
motion as there is no operated by
starter or gearbox backpedaling
Sloping frame tube allowed

a lower seat height and was
first used on 1912 models
Technical advances
Sprung leather saddle The optional rear hub clutch
on this model meant that the
bike could be stopped without
Rear mudguard stalling the engine, and the
optional Schebler carburetor
hugely improved reliability over
early models.
Rear stand
Battery box
for coil ignition
Efficient muffler Clutch

Rear hub clutch contributed to the assembly
operated by lever bike’s nickname in hub
The Early Single
he early single-cylinder gasoline engine was underpowered and
T inefficient, though Harley’s singles were among the best available.
The “atmospheric” inlet valve relied on a light spring to keep it closed
and was forced open by the pressure created from the falling piston. The
system was simple, but it couldn’t work properly at anything other than Single with Bosch magneto
A magneto was introduced as an option in 1909. This
slow engine speeds. Increasing capacity boosted the power output, Atmospheric simple electric generator provided a spark for the ignition
but it was no substitute for improved efficiency. inlet valve system and made the early Harley a more useable machine.
stem and spring
Vertical fins on the cylinder Throttle

head were introduced in control
1911 to aid engine cooling linkage
Lead
Carburetor throat
High-
Harley introduced the tension
Schebler float-feed lead
carburetor on its
bikes from 1909; the
company had previously
made its own Spark plug
Iron barrel and

cylinder head were
cast as one piece
Bosch high-
tension magneto
was first seen on
Harley singles
in 1909
No female frills
Exhaust Some European manufacturers offered
valve stem “ladies’ models” with special frames
and spring and skirt-guards. Harley women
didn’t need these luxuries.
The timing gear Oil feed union; a pipe
case conceals the supplied lubricant to
four gears that the crankshaft, with
drove the magneto; pressure created by the
models with battery hand-operated pump
ignition were not in the tank
equipped with gears
Inlet-over-exhaust
The inlet valve was kept
Engine case closed with the exposed
bolt spring on the top of the
cylinder. As the piston fell,
it created a vacuum in the
cylinder, resulting in the
valve being forced open by
atmospheric pressure. A charge
of fuel and air mix was then
sucked in through the carburetor.
Alloy engine case bears
the legend “Harley-
Davidson, Milwaukee”;
the city’s other notable The exhaust pipe was
product was, and is, beer connected to a simple
muffler, which could
be bypassed to increase
performance and noise
The Competition
• 1911 EXCELSIOR MODEL K •
The Chicago Excelsior company was the third-biggest
Alloy
motorcycle manufacturer in the US until its closure in
crankcase 1931. Like the Harley, this machine had belt-drive,
but used the engine cases as part of the frame, as
opposed to Harley’s loop-frame system.
Rugged and dependable
In an era of unreliable and
uncomfortable motorcycles,
single was just
the Harley single stood out
“aThegood,Harley
solid, dependable
as a solid workhorse capable
of covering long distances. motorcycle at a time when
The well-made engine got most of them were not.
some of the credit, but ”
Harley’s sprung seat-post Richard Rosenthal
was a welcome feature for the (Motorcycle Historian)
often appalling road conditions.
THE EARLY SINGLE • 31
▼
THE EARLY SINGLE ERA _ 1903 TO 1918 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1915 KT Board Racer specifications

1915 KT Board Racer
H arley-DaviDson did not participate in team racing until 1914,

when it decided to exploit the potential benefits of publicity and
development that could be derived from racing success. Board-track
• engine Inlet-over-exhaust,
V-twin
• capacity 61cu. in. (1000cc)
• power output 15bhp
racing was reaching new levels of popularity, with promotors able to • transmission Three-speed,
chain drive
attract huge paying crowds to the meetings, so Harley’s decision to • frame Tubular loop
enter into competition made a lot of sense. And the move paid off • suspension Leading-link
front forks, rigid rear
almost immediately, as the Harley race team began to achieve • weight 325lb (147kg)
significant results in 1915 on bikes such as this KT. In September • top speed 80mph (130km/h)
1915, an F-head Harley set a 100-mile (161-km) record of 89.11mph
(143.46km/h) on a board track in Chicago. It all augured well for the
Fuel Inlet-valve
launch of the famous eight-valve racer (see pp.46–47) a year later. filler-cap pushrod
Basic lightweight
Abbreviated mudguard saddle provided
is one of a number of little comfort
weight-saving
The brake on this components
bike is a luxury;
most board racers
didn’t have one
Magneto; the
KTH version came
with an electrical
system instead
Pedaling forward starts Window in the

the bike, pedaling timing gear case
backward operates the allowed the rider
Lightweight rear brake—just like on to see if the oil
wheel hub an American bicycle pump was working
1915 KT BOARD RACER • 33
1915 KT Board racer

Board racers were spindly, frail-looking machines
that were stripped of surplus equipment. There
was no gearbox and usually no brakes, though this
bike is fitted with a rear drum. Their appearance
belied their astonishing strength and performance—
these bikes could be run flat-out for considerable
distances, with 100-mile (161-km) races not
uncommon on the banked wooden tracks.
Cutouts in the fuel Dropped

tank gave clearance handlebars enabled
for the rocker gear the rider to adopt
and allowed the bike a racing crouch
to sit lower
Maywood Speedway Park, 1915

Braced fork Maywood Park was a typical board-track venue. Tracks were
yoke constructed by placing thin planks on a wooden frame. With use,
the boards became covered in oil and rubber, gradually making them
more slippery and dangerous. Despite the initial success of this form
of racing, injury and death were not uncommon and the deaths of
spectators in the early 1920s saw the sport go into terminal decline.
“Clincher”
wheel rim
Fuel tank
with integrated
oil tank
Sparkplug
located in
the valve
“pocket”
Front engine
mounting
Springs for the

leading-link
forks contained
in the tubes
Shortened exhaust
headers come straight Thin, high-pressure
out of the cylinder and tire resulted in
apparently produced minimal friction and Leading-link
more power... and noise maximum speed front fork
1915 KR Fast Roadster

T he idea of a race bike on the road has always been attractive
to motorcyclists. Modern bikers relish the power, handling, and
brakes of competition-developed machinery and pioneer motorcyclists
1915 KR Fast RoadsteR
The “close coupled” frame on the KR was
shorter than that fitted to other models
such as the F (see pp.38–39) because
were no different. Harley’s Fast Roadster was based on the board- no gearbox was fitted. A short wheelbase
track racer (see pp.32–33) but fitted with mudguards, a chainguard, and traditionally offers better handling at the
expense of comfort and stability.
conventional handlebars. Who needed a gearbox or lights? It was built
for amateur racers at a time when Harley-Davidson’s factory race
team was starting to taste success; the K-series won a number of
100- and 300-mile (161- and 483-km) races for Harley in 1915. The metal tank was made
With just over 100 built, this model is now very rare. up of three reservoirs; two
contained fuel and one Hand
on the front-left held oil oil pump
Control cables made of single-
strand piano wire with a
“Clincher” wheel rims were wound metal outer cable,
used with beaded tires leather-sheathed for protection
which required very high
pressures to stay on the rims
Clutch pedal
Loop frame
The Fast Roadster had

sufficient power to make
Leading-link Canvas the bicycle-style pedals on
front fork mudguard earlier bikes unnecessary
1915 KR FAST ROADSTER • 35
specifications Nickel-plated
1915 KR Fast Roadster handlebars
• engine Inlet-over-exhaust, V-twin

• transmission Single-speed competition
gearbox, chain drive Twist-grip for the Wide handlebars
ignition advance One of the civilizing features which
retard mechanism the Fast Roadster acquired from its
• suspension Leading-link front forks, conventional road-going stablemates
rigid rear.
was a set of pulled-back handlebars.
• weight 325lb (147kg) Lever to operate These offered a combination of comfort
• top speed 80mph (130km/h) the clutch; it and control on the road. Racing
could also be handlebars would have been suitable
pedal-operated only for short trips to the osteopath.
Lightweight sprung
Clutch saddle doesn’t have the
connecting rod sprung seat-post present Seat Footboards with rubber
on the basic road model springs mats were positioned to
allow the rider to stand in
rough conditions, which
was most of the time
Renault Gray was

the color of all
Harleys in 1915
Clutch
Primary drive cover protected

the rider’s feet from oil and Rear stand
from toe-chewing chains
The 45° F-Head V-Twin
arley-DaviDson soon realized that the easiest way to significantly
H increase engine size was to add an extra cylinder. The company
built a prototype V-twin in 1907 and four years later the first production
V-twins rolled out of the factory. The engine effectively joined two
singles on a common crankshaft and cases. If the angle of the “V” was
narrow, the new engine could be used in the same frame as a single.
Harley chose a 45° “V,” and a motorcycling classic was born. The arrival Harley’s trademark is born
The appearance of the 45° V-twin effectively provided
of the mechanical exhaust valve on the V-twin was also important, the blueprint for the Harley twin of today. From 1915
allowing engine revs to be increased and thus release more power. it was refined and improved rather than radically altered.
Inlet pushrod Carburetor manifold Cylinder head was

Rocker arm fits to the rocker connects the two inlet ports cast together with the
assembly for the and is the ideal setup for a barrel and so could
inlet valve fits to a single carburetor not be removed Thread for
threaded insert in Adjustment rocker arm
the cylinder head sleeve assembly
Inlet valve
cage
Cast-iron was used for

the cylinders because
of its heat dissipation
qualities and its Fins to aid
resistance to wear cooling
Exhaust
valve stem
Inlet and exhaust
Threaded exhaust valves face each
port exits beneath other in the
the exhaust valve cylinder “pocket”
Timing gear case Pushrod spring collar Cylinder
covers the drive retains the spring barrel stud
for the magneto and some lubricant
and the oil pump
Engine
mounting lug
is cast into
the crankcase
Alloy
engine case
Bulge in the timing F-Head set-up

gear case conceals the
mechanical oil pump
These early V-twins were
known as F-heads because the
inlet valve was positioned in
An inspection window filled the cylinder head and the exhaust
this hole, allowing the rider to valve was on the side of the
check the oil was circulating
cylinder, creating an “F” formation.
This incomplete engine is believed
to be from a factory race bike.
The Competition
• 1914
YALE V-TWIN • V-twin operation
To make a V-twin, the two rods
Harley wasn’t the only manufacturer to choose the
This circular case connecting the crankshaft to the
45° engine layout for its bikes. The Consolidated pistons have to sit on the same
contains the This end joins
Manufacturing Company of Toledo, Ohio, built Yales camshaft The Harley- to the piston shaft. Harley used “male
from 1903–15 and this 61cu. in. model had a 45° Davidson and female” rods to
V-twin engine and mechanically operated inlet valves. trademark solve the problem.
The V-twin opened up Connecting rod

“
America for ordinary riders.
It was a giant step forward
for the Harley rider.
” The “mated”
Bruce Lindsay rods join to the
(Motorcycle Restorer) crankshaft
THE 45° F-HEAD V-TWIN • 37
▼
THE F-HEAD V-TWIN ERA _ 1909 TO 1929 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1915 Model F
A way from the race tracks, the introduction of a number of
innovative new features in 1915 meant that this was a significant
year in the development of Harley-Davidson’s road bikes. It could
1915 Model F
For 1915 Harley-Davidson listed five V-twin
motorcycles with a combination of single-
or three-speed transmission and with or
even be said that it was the year when the motorcycle came of age as without an electrical system. The Model F
had three gears but no electric lights and
a practical machine. As far as Harley was concerned, there were three sold for $275. There was also a V-twin
main innovations: a three-speed gearbox, a mechanical oil pump, and commercial tricycle available in the 1915
electrical lighting, with the Model F boasting two out of the three. range which had a box and two front wheels
instead of conventional motorcycle forks.
The gearbox made the bikes faster and also gave them better hill-
climbing ability and improved low-speed running. The motor-driven
oil pump guaranteed better lubrication and improved engine life,
and electrical lighting meant that trips at night could now Spring system Basic
be undertaken at times other than when the moon was full. for saddle saddle
Rear license- Parcel rack Rear mudguard

plate holder
Sparkplug
in valve
“pocket”
Oil breather pipe

is used to lubricate
the primary Foot-operated
drive chain muffler cutout
Rear drum brake, bypasses the muffler
operated by Exhaust for improved
right-foot pedal pipe performance
1915 MODEL F • 39
A policeman’s friend
Police departments were quick to see
the benefit of using high-performance specifications
motorcycles to chase errant motorists
in low-performance automobiles
1915 Model F
and Harley V-twins became the • engine Inlet-over-exhaust,
models of choice. Their 60mph V-twin
(97km/h) top speed put them • capacity 61cu. in. (1000cc)
among the fastest bikes around. • power output 11bhp
This department is mounted on
• transmission Three-speed,
1915 Model Js, which was the chain drive
model up from the Model F in that
it had electric lighting.
• suspension Leading-link front
forks, rigid rear
• weight 325lb (147.5kg)
• top speed 60mph (97km/h)
Oil tank is incorporated into

Exhaust-valve Cast-iron the fuel tank, with this side
spring cover frame of the tank containing fuel Valanced front
headstock mudguard
Front license plate;

indicates this bike was
exported to the UK
Rear brake
pedal
Footboards were introduced from

Oil-pump 1914 when power outputs were
inspection sufficient to make pedal assistance Block-
window unnecessary except for starting pattern tire
1928 JD
H arley rarely rushed change, and it always knew the
value of cubic inches. The history of the 45° F-head
V-twin goes back to the original prototype twin of 1907, and
Color choice
Olive Green was the standard
paint finish in 1928, but
buyers could pay extra for
colors such as Black, White,
by 1928 it was approaching its sell-by date. In 1922 Harley Cream, Police Blue, Coach
created the JD model by increasing capacity from 61 to 74 cubic Green, Maroon, Fawn Gray,
or Azure Blue.
inches. The result was a high-performance machine capable
of outrunning almost any other vehicle on the road in the
Cylindrical toolbox
1920s. No wonder these models were popular with police also contains a
departments. When Harley dropped the big F-head twins and puncture repair kit
replaced them with side-valve machines in 1930, many riders

considered it a step backward. At first, the new side-valves
were slower and no more reliable than the trusty F-head.
Foot clutch
License-plate Lugagge carrier Leather saddle mounted

mounting bracket on top of Harley’s
patented sprung seat-post
Battery
box
Rear stand
Contracting band rear brake Driving gears for Tubular

is in addition to internal optional speedometer cradle frame
expanding band brake
1928 JD • 41
1928 JD
Rearview The single camshaft JD model was a high-
mirror was an specifications
performance machine that consistently outsold
optional extra 1928 JD
every other Harley between 1923 and 1930.
This was partly due to its popularity with police • engine Inlet-over-exhaust,
departments. Sporting riders who wanted even V-twin
more performance could opt for the two-cam • capacity 74cu. in. (1213cc)
JDH model, with its race- • power output 18bhp
Wide derived engine. Last year of single • transmission Three-speed,
handlebars headlight—the hand shift
1929 model had • frame Tubular cradle
dual bullet lights
• suspension Leading-link
front forks
Speedometer • weight 365lb (166kg)
Electric • top speed 75mph (121km/h)
air horn
Double-sided tank Cylindrical

contains fuel and oil toolbox
Valanced fender
Thick 25x34⁄5-in
(63.5x9.8-cm) block-
tread tire helped to
soak up the bumps
Silver-painted cast-
iron cylinder barrel
Pushrods are Front drum brake,

Rear brake operated by a which became standard
operating rod single camshaft on US bikes from 1928
CHAPTER TWO
Early InnovatIons 1918–1942
1920 EIGHT-VALVE RACER
Harley’s first attempt to produce something

different from the V-twin was a 1919 fore-and-
aft lightweight flat-twin, followed by utilitarian
singles and a number of innovative
competition racers. The shaft-drive military
XA rounded off a period when, despite the
presence of the V-twin, Harley-Davidson was
still developing innovative new bikes.
1925 Winning Race Team

Harley’s factory race team secured numerous victories
on eight-valve and two-cam racers, bikes that were
technologically well ahead of the competition at the time.
1918 Model J Sidecar

H arley-DaviDson first aDDeD sidecars to its model line
in 1914, and later offered specially tuned engines for
sidecar use. Before then, standard bikes such as this Model J just
1918 Model J Sidecar
Harley’s big F-head V-twin was ideal for
pulling a sidecar and the company began
offering sidecars as an option in 1914. From
had a sidecar bolted onto them. A sidecar meant motorcycle then until 1925 Harley’s sidecars were built
riders could now transport their family, large packages, or even by the Rogers Company, but when Rogers
ceased production Harley started building
a nervous crinolene-clad girlfriend, for whom the sidecar was a its own chairs. Production has continued,
poor substitute for a proper motor car. The sidecar peaked in the but they are now built in small numbers.
years leading up to the 1920s, with some Harley examples even
Hand-operated horn
used on the battlefields of World War I, but the Model T Ford
made the car cheaper, and from around
1920 the sidecar became a minority
interest for the eccentric enthusiast.
Acetylene lighting was a period

addition for bikes not equipped
with electric lighting at the factory
Olive Green paint Valanced front

scheme was mudguard
standard for 1918
61cu. in. F-head

engine was offered
with a special
sidecar tune
Hand shift lever
Whitewall Leading-link for three-speed
tire front suspension Foot pedal for clutch gearbox
1918 MODEL J SIDECAR • 45
Access door
Sidecars could be
specifications equipped with
a hood or a
1918 Model J Sidecar tonneau cover
• engine Inlet-over-exhaust, V-twin
• power output Unknown
chain drive
• suspension Leading-link front forks Leaf spring
• weight 325lb (147kg) provided some
• top speed 55mph (89km/h) (est.) degree of Footboard
suspension for
the passenger A traditional design
Period sidecar production was influenced
by the horse-drawn buggy. The body was
Hand lever for clutch Sprung Upholstered mounted to the chassis by springs that
saddle sidecar seat isolated the passenger from the worst jolts
of the road surface.
Speedometer
cable
Luggage rack allowed

the passenger’s cargo
to be transported
Rear light is
linked to the
acetylene
supply by a pipe
Stand
retaining
clip
Rear stand was

used for changing
wheels as punctures
were common
Chainguard 28-in (71-cm)

“clincher” tire; early tire
sizes measured to the
Pressed-steel primary outside of the tire, so
drive case with Harley- this rim actually
Davidson logo Exhaust pipe measures 22in (56cm)
1920 Eight-Valve Racer

H aving committed itself to bike racing in 1914, Harley soon
began to take the sport seriously. Special eight-valve racing twins
were introduced in 1916. These were built in very limited numbers
1920 Eight-ValVE RacER
The cylinders and heads on the eight-valve
racers were the work of British engineer
Harry Ricardo and featured a hemispherical
until 1927 for the use of the factory’s own race team and chosen combustion chamber that had been
riders. Four versions of the machine were produced over an developed on airplane engines during
WW1. The bike shown here is a 1920
11-year period, giving serious credibility to Harley as a racing-bike version with distinct open-port cylinder
manufacturer. The race team secured numerous victories on the eight- heads that have no exhaust headers. It is
valve racers and earned itself the nickname “the Wrecking Crew.” possibly one of only eight built, with very
few of these still in existence. On the rare
The sight and sound of these—quite literally—fire-breathing occasions when they are sold, they
machines must have been incredible as they reached speeds of command substantial prices.
around 120mph (193km/h) on the steeply banked wooden tracks.
Exposed valvegear
Leather racing
Springs under the
saddle
saddle are the only form
of rear suspension
Shortened
racing mudguard
“Clincher”
wheel rim
Footrest is a bicycle- Countershaft

Rear sprocket style pedal, but serves
could be changed no other purpose Oil pump
to alter the gearing
1920 EIGHT-VALVE RACER • 47
Twist-grip Fork spring tube

throttle
specifications
1920 Eight-Valve Racer
Dropped
• engine Overhead-valve, V-twin handlebars forced
• capacity 61cu. in. (1000cc) the rider into a
• power output 15bhp Carburetor air racing crouch
intake
• transmission Single-speed,
direct drive
• frame Tubular loop Keystone racing frame
Friction damper Left twist-grip
• suspension Leading-link front forks, makes suspension controls the ignition
rigid rear
movement more advance retard
• weight 692lb (314kg) controllable
Footrest
(You’ve got to) brake-free

The eight-valve racer had no gearbox or
brakes. Riders slowed their machines using a
combination of the throttle, the engine-kill
Throttle cable button, and old-fashioned boot leather. Harley
runs inside the riders, however, were up to the task, winning
handlebars a number of prestigious races this year.
Spoked
racing
wheel
Compression-
release lever
Open
exhaust
port
Oil feed pipe to

the front cylinder;
crank rotation
forced oil back to
the rear cylinder
Compression-release
mechanism can be used to
kill the engine or to allow
the clutchless bike to be
pushed with a dead engine
Thin high-
Engine mounting plate Suspension linkage pressure tire for
minimum friction
The Eight-Valve
wo inlet valves and two exhaust valves per cylinder allowed
T gases to flow into and out of the engine in greater quantity than
in the traditional four-valve V-twin. The resulting increase in power
was exactly what was needed for a successful racing engine to be used
in Harley-Davidson’s newly formed factory race team. Harley wasn’t the Single speed but extra power
first manufacturer to use this technology, but the company’s eight-valve This profile shows the gearing on the
eight-valve racer. This version has no clutch, gearbox,
racers carved a massive reputation based on numerous racing victories. or brakes, and could exceed 100mph (161km/h).
Gasoline tap Throttle control

Exposed connects to linkage
valvegear fuel tank Rocker
arm
Air intake
trumpet for single
carburetor
Rear cylinder
exhaust valve
and spring
External
pushrod
Carburetor
Open exhaust port
followed period aircraft
Bosch
Oil feed to engine style, though
magneto
front cylinder some eight-valves were
fitted with short pipes
Cast-iron cylinders each have

a capacity of 30.50 cu. in., to
give a total capacity of 61cu. in.
Engine
mounting lug
Rod
linkage
Valve lifter
arm releases
compression in
the cylinder
Visually similar
The eight-valve Harley
engine used the same
crankcases as the conventional
F-head racers (see Fast Roadster,
Mechanical oil pump is pp 34–35). It was the cylinders and
supplemented by a hand
pump on the tank
heads that were special.
The Competition
• 1920 INDIAN TRACK RACER •
Oil delivery Engine Polished alloy
Indian had been at the forefront of eight-valve pipe to mounting timing gear
technology and had been building racing twins since cylinder bolt case cover
1912, though by the time Harley introduced its
version, Indian was developing a side-valve racer.
The performance of the eight-valve

“
moved bike racing to a new level, from the
board tracks to the longer horse-racing
ovals of America.
George Barber
” Dirt-track winner
(Motorcycle Collector) The eight-valve era was the period that American racing
moved from board-track motordromes to oval dirt tracks,
which were originally used for horse-racing.
THE EIGHT-VALVE • 49
▼
THE “EIGHT VALVE” ERA _ 1909 TO 1929 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1926 Model B specifications

1926 Model B
A fter the comparative failure of the Sport Twin of 1919–23,

Harley had another crack at the lightweight market by releasing
a range of single-cylinder bikes for the 1926 model year: the A, B, AA,
•
•
•
•
engine Side-valve, single cylinder
capacity 21cu. in. (346cc)
power output 10bhp
transmission Three-speed,
and BA. The design was entirely conventional, and inspired by Indian’s chain drive
contemporary Prince as well as typical British machines of the period. • suspension Leading-link
The bikes were available with side-valve or overhead-valve engines front forks, rigid rear
• weight 263lb (119kg)
and the racing versions that followed were nicknamed “Peashooters” • top speed 60mph (97km/h)
due to the unique pitch of the exhaust. The name was eventually
applied to all the models. These were ideal machines for impoverished
commuters and delivery riders who accepted underwhelming
Olive Green with maroon
performance as long as the bike was cheap to buy and run. striping was the standard
paint finish on all
Harley bikes up until 1933
26x31⁄3-in Bicycle-style seat features
(66x8.5-cm) Harley’s traditional
Taillight; the budget- “balloon” tire telescopic sprung mounting
priced Model A wasn’t for increased comfort
fitted with lights
Tool roll
Rear stand; a
side-stand could be
fitted at extra cost
The battery allowed the bike to
run lights; buyers who chose the
Muffler magneto option had no lights Exhaust pipe
1926 MODEL B • 51
1926 Model B Standard handlebars;

The model shown here is a B, with side- “speedster” bars
were optional
valve engine and battery ignition option.
Harley-Davidson intended these singles
primarily for export markets and initially
they were successful. Unfortunately, the Side-valve revival
Headlight
The side-valve model was
worldwide recession meant that the British revived between 1932 and
imposed severe import tariffs and the 1934, probably as much to
European market collapsed. The model was Suspension
use up stocks of parts as it
springs
discontinued in 1929, though existing stock was to sell what Harley
continued to be sold the following year. claimed was its cheapest
ever model.
Klaxon
horn Clutch actuation
mechanism
operated by left
Switch panel foot-pedal
Gear lever Rubber mudflap
“Clincher”
wheel rim
Rear brake
pedal
Compression release lever

Side-valve cylinder
head designed by No front
Harry Ricardo Suspension linkage brake was fitted
until 1928
1926 Model S Racer

A new 350cc racing class was created soon after Harley unveiled
its “Peashooter” racer in the summer of 1925. The bike was
based on its new 21cu. in. ohv single-cylinder economy road bike.
1926 Model S RaceR
Harley produced its Peashooter racing bikes
in limited numbers for a few years and, as
well as success at home, they were also raced
To make it competitive for dirt-track racing the bike had a shortened successfully in Britain and Australia. However,
the appearance of the British JAP-powered
frame and simple telescopic forks that were triangulated for machines in the 1930s effectively made all
greater strength. The legendary Joe Petrali was among competitors redundant and the Peashooter
several riders who achieved success on Peashooters as disappeared from the racing circuit.
Harleys swept the board in the new class. Petrali was one Dropped Engine
racing
of the best riders in the history of American bike racing, handlebars
lubrication
relies on a
and in 1935 he won all 13 rounds of the US dirt-track hand oil pump
championships on a stock Peashooter.
Flimsy telescopic
forks are braced
Knobbly treaded for extra strength
tire was designed to
provide maximum
grip on dirt tracks
Exhaust
outlet
Canvas fork
gaiter protects
the fork slider
“Clincher” Lefthand footrest

wheel rims for use on straights
1926 MODEL S RACER • 53
Carburetor
air intake
specifications
Racing modifications 1926 Model S Racer
All nonessential components • engine Overhead-valve,
were ditched from the standard single cylinder
road model, including the • capacity 21cu. in. (346cc)
springer forks, saddle spring,
brakes, and gearbox. The bikes
ran in a single gear and the • transmission Single-speed,
chain drive
clutch was only used for starting.
Races on oval dirt tracks were • frame Tubular loop
run counter clockwise and the • suspension Telescopic front forks
left foot was used to stablilize • weight 240lb (109kg)
the bike in turns. • top speed 70mph
Footrest (113km/h) (est.)
Earlier versions of the Unsprung leather Lightweight frame

bike had a shorter, saddle was not Cut-down rear
rounded tank designed for comfort mudguard
Mudguard stay
Magneto
Footrest mounting
plate also serves as Drive is via primary
a basic chain-guard reduction gear and a
countershaft, with no 27-in
Exposed primary chain drive clutch or gearbox (681⁄2-cm) tire
1930 Hill Climber specifications

1930 Hill Climber
T he ingredients of an american hill-climb bike appear simple,

even if the reality is rather more complicated. The essential
element is power, and in the case of this machine a methanol-burning
•
•
•
•
engine Eight-valve, V-twin
power output Not available
transmission Competition
eight-valve engine was enough in 1930 to make it a competitive bike. single-speed gearbox
• frame Tubular cradle
A long wheelbase and weight at the front to prevent the bike tipping • suspension Leading-link forks,
over backward are both essential, as is grip, which is why this bike’s rigid rear
• weight 350lb (147kg) (est.)
rear tire is wrapped in chains. These crude facts belie the level of • top speed Determined by the gearing
expertise involved in handling these machines, and once again it was chosen for the hill-climb course
Joe Petrali who took the honors for Harley-Davidson. Between 1932
and 1938, he won six national hill-climbing titles on a Harley.
Sprung saddle in
Cut-down rear low position for
mudguard easier handling
Large-diameter rear Contracting

sprocket to give lower band rear brake Exposed valvegear meant
gearing and better regular maintenance
climbing ability was required
Gearbox only
provides one gear
and neutral
Chains for Kick-start Sloping footboard

traction on Tubular keeps the rider’s
steep slopes cradle frame weight forward
1930 HILL CLIMBER • 55
1930 Hill Climber Racing rules

This unrestored bike is typical of the ingenious In hill-climbing, riders launch their
machines at impossibly steep hills.
hill-climbing machines of the period. The frame is If riders make the summit then time
from a JD model circa 1929, and the forks are from decides the winner, but if no rider
a 1928 45cu. in. bike. The engine cases are from a reaches the peak, then the one who
JDH (see p.41), with JE model flywheels; special has reached the highest point wins.
barrels and overhead-valve cylinder heads are from
a single-cylinder Harley. Modern hill-climb racers
still have a similar look to this rugged machine and
the difficulty of trying to convert power into
climbing ability remains the same.
Racing
handlebars
Company colors
The Harley-Davidson race
Filler cap for
teams were easily recognizable
small-capacity
by their orange and black
fuel tank
jerseys. These colors would
later be used as the livery
for Harley’s racing bikes.
Schebler racing
carburetor
Headstock
forging is drilled Race jersey
to reduce weight from the 1930s
Heavy-duty
racing wheel
Right-hand
section of tank
contains oil
Shortened exhaust
header pipe allowed
maximum power
from the engine
Oil feed
pipe
J-series engine
was especially
tuned for racing
JDH engine case

has two cams
Blanked-off oil-pump
drive; lubrication was Leading-link Ribbed
by hand pump front fork front tire
1942 XA
I t is well documented that Harley supplied thousands of
traditional 45° V-twin WLA (see pp.68–69) and WLC models
to the Allied military during World War II, but the company also
1942 XA
Although the WLA was a good all-around
military bike, the US army asked Harley-
Davidson to produce a shaft-drive machine
produced a small number of BMW-style machines for the war effort. and Harley turned to the enemy for
The XA used a transversely mounted side-valve flat-twin cylinder inspiration. BMW’s R75 was virtually
cloned and a test batch of 1,000 XA’s were
engine, had shaft drive to the rear wheel, a four-speed gearbox, and produced, as were a batch of prototype
plunger rear suspension. While it was built to the special specification shaft-drive Indians, the idea being that the
of the US military, the arrival of the immensely successful four-wheel better of the two bikes would be awarded a
contract. Neither satisfied the army, which
drive Willys Jeep changed the agenda as far as military motorcycle ordered extra WLAs instead, thus ending
use was concerned, and only 1,000 XA bikes were ever made. the XA’s brief life.
Tubular cradle frame

Leather saddlebag Rear carrier would often be Oil bath
used to carry a field radio air cleaner
Plunger rear
suspension unit
Heavy duty
saddle
spring Kick-
start
Curved,
flat metal
mudguard
Neutral location lever
Four-speed gearbox Brake pedal

Bevel gear 18-in (46-cm) and Harley’s first
casing wheel foot-shift
1942 XA • 57
“machine
The XA was a prototype shaft-driven
built for the US army that was
Thompson
submachine
gun
specifications
1942 XA
ultimately only produced in limited • engine Horizontally opposed
numbers because of the success of side-valve twin
the Willys Jeep as a battlefield vehicle.

” •
•
•
power output 23bhp @ 4,600rpm
transmission Four-speed, shaft drive
Left handlebar twistgrip Harley’s first
operates the throttle as the telescopic forks are • suspension Leading-link front forks,
plunger rear
rider’s right hand needed to fitted on this XA
be free to use the gun • weight 538lb (244kg)
• top speed 65mph (105km/h) (est.)
Leather
holster
Front
mudguard
Heavy duty
tire for all-
terrain riding
Bashplate
protects
the engine
Wet sump lubrication

system requires no Cylinder heads have
external oil tank double-decked finning
to assist cooling
7-in (18-cm) Security Front drum
ground clearance padlock brake
CHAPTER THREE
Side-ValVeS 1929–1969
1944 U NAVY
The side-valve engine holds a special place

in American automotive history. Popular with
Henry Ford on his Model T and with rival
manufacturers Indian before Harley began using
it in 1926, it was cheap to make, rugged, and
reliable. Limited peformance meant it was soon
superseded by overhead-valve units, but Harley
continued to use the trusty side-valves long after
other manufacturers had given up on it.
A Military Machine
Side-valve units were used by many Allied forces
during World War II, their easy maintenance making
them ideal for battlefield conditions.
1933 VLE
H arley introduced the V-series in 1930, 14 years after rivals
Indian had made their first side-valve big twins, but the bike
suffered a number of teething problems. The first two months’
1933 VLE
The VLE was the high-compression model
in the series, with magnesium-alloy pistons
providing the extra power. While only
production had to be recalled so that new frames, flywheels, engine 3,700 bikes were built by Harley in 1933,
cases, valves, springs, and kick-start mechanisms could be changed. this still accounted for 60 percent of all
motorcycles sold in the US that year.
The work was carried out for owners free of
charge, but it was a costly exercise that did little
for the reputation of the V-series. After the
shaky start, the side-valves evolved into rugged,
fast, dependable bikes, and a VLE even went on
to establish the American production bike speed
Bird tank graphic
record in 1933 of 104mph (167km/h). detail was on 1933
models only
Horn fitted
to toolbox
Mandarin, gold, and
black was one of five
new color schemes Heavy-duty front forks
introduced in 1933 introduced on the V-
series from 1932
Mudguard stay
Magnesium-
alloy pistons Removable
distinguish this iron cylinder
VLE from a VL head
Front drum
brake Brake cable Schebler die-cast carburetor
1933 VLE • 61
1930 VL
Introduced in August 1929 for the 1930
model year, this is an example of one of the specifications
all-new bikes brought in to replace the F-head 1933 VLE
V-twins. New features included the duplex
primary chain, the steering head lock, and the • engine Side-valve, V-twin
I-beam forged fork legs. Twin headlights and • capacity 74cu. in. (1213cc)
the klaxon horn were carried over from the • power output 22bhp
1929 model. The bike’s color scheme is the • transmission Three-speed
traditional olive green with vermilion striping (optional reverse), hand shift
edged in maroon and centered in gold. Drop
center wheel rims were another feature
introduced with the VL. • suspension Leading-link front
forks, rigid rear
Clutch on • top speed 65mph
the VL (105km/h)
Leather saddle with new

seat-post springs for the
V-series; a “buddy seat”
“The V-series were reliable
side-valve V-twins that Though parts such as
Chrome air as well as other pillion consistently out-sold every other the chainguard came in
filter was fitted accessories could be
range of Harley-Davidsons black, the whole bike
”
from 1932 ordered as optional extras could be fully chromed
during the early 1930s. for an extra $15
Taillight
Battery
box
Rear
stand
“Drop-center”
Enclosed primary drive case with wheel rims allowed 19x4-in (48x10-cm)
automatic oiling prolonged chain life modern beaded “balloon” tires were
and kept the rider’s boots clean tires to be fitted an optional extra
1935 RL specifications
1935 RL
W hen the originalD-series Harley 45s were introduced in

1929, they were nicknamed the “three-cylinder Harleys”
because their vertically mounted generators resembled an extra
•
•
•
•
engine Side-valve, V-twin
power output 22bhp (approx.)
cylinder. Harley-Davidson produced these bikes in response to hand shift
the success of the popular Indian Scout, but the D-series was not • suspension Leading-link front forks
considered a success and it was replaced, in 1932, by the R-series. • weight 390lb (177kg) (approx.)
The critical change was the new frame, which now featured a curved • top speed 65mph (105km/h)
front downtube and allowed the fitting of a conventional horizontal

generator in front of the engine. These 45s were available in four
versions: the basic R model, the high-compression RL, the RLD, and
Even with a sprung
sidecar RS. The Rs were replaced by the W-series in 1936. While the seat post, the lack of
European market considered a 750cc machine to be a big bike, the rear suspension made
for a bumpy ride
R-series were the smallest bikes in Harley’s range in the mid-1930s.
Fold-up rear mudguard

section allows easy
rear-wheel changes
Airflow taillight was
introduced for the Tubular cradle
1935 model year frame
Battery box
21⁄2-in (6-cm)
diameter “gas-
deflecting”
muffler end
Exhaust pipe painted in New constant

Quick-detach special high-temperature mesh three-
rear hub black paint speed gearbox
1935 RL • 63
1935 RL
This bike, with its diamond graphics and airflow taillight dates
Speedometer
from 1935, though the engine number indicates that it is a 1932
Left hand-
motor. This kind of contradictory evidence is not uncommon grip ignition Wide leather
when dealing with many years of history. When the R-series control saddle
was introduced in 1932, the D-series 45 unit was totally re-
worked, with modifications to the flywheels, crankcases, barrels,
pistons, conrods, and oil pump. There were only a few minor Air filter
internal changes to the engine between 1932 and 1935. Crash bar
Diamond graphic Exposed

tank detail was used suspension
in 1934 and ’35 springs
Footboard
Rear A narrow bike

stand One of the benefits of the
V-twin engine design is its
narrow width, keeping the
weight of the machine
close to the center line.
The stand was fitted until
Horn replaced Harley-Davidson adopted
toolbox in rear suspension.
1935
Two-tone Teak
Red and black
paint finish
Mudflap
Lightweight cover conceals the
oil pump; the gear train that drives
the cams, the oil pump, and the Mudguard
generator are hidden deeper I-beam fork leg stay
The Flathead V-Twin
implicity is the appeal of the side-valve, or flathead, engine.
S Though easy to make and maintain—there are no moving parts
in the cylinder head that need to be lubricated—the downside is
inefficiency. The inlet and exhaust tracts make convoluted curves so
gasses have to take a long route in and out of the cylinder, resulting in
poor performance and economy. However, from the 1920s to the 1950s
simplicity triumphed over efficiency and the side-valve became the iconic Brief twin encounter
Although side-valves were used on the short-lived Sport
American engine for both cars and motorcycles. Proof of its durability is Twin and on some singles, the 45cu. in. unit, as seen
found in the Servi-Car (see pp.74–75), which used side-valves until 1973. here on the RL, was its most famous application.
Alloy cylinder head Cylinder head No moving parts in Sparkplug; Harley

with vertical cooling contains specially the cylinder head made its own rebuildable
fins; early side-valves shaped combustion allows the engine sparkplugs at the start
had iron heads chamber height to be low of the side-valve era
Iron barrel
Valve cover conceals

the valve stem, spring,
and tappet adjuster
Inlet
port
Inlet ports meet at

the center of the
V, so only a short
carburetor manifold
is necessary
Exhaust port exits

downward; difficult
gas flow limited the
power of side-valves
Pushrod tube
Connection
to oil tank
Ignition timer
fits in this hole
Configuration explanation
Exhaust and inlet valves are
situated adjacent to the cylinder,
hence the side-valve name, and
because the valve stems have to
be parallel, four separate cams are
required. The inlet and exhaust
ports are effectively L-shaped and
Ribbed aluminum timing
it is these convoluted tracts that gear cover was introduced
make the side-valve such an from 1937, designed to
inefficient engine layout. help cool the unit and
make it more efficient
The oil pump is driven

from the rear exhaust
valve camshaft gear
Filling up the oil tank

The Competition and using the extra
• 1930
Outer casing hand-operated oil pump
INDIAN SCOUT •
contains the camshaft when necessary were
Not so much competition as inspiration, the side- and timing gears essential riding rituals
valve Indian Scout 101 was built from 1928–31 and
was the benchmark 45cu. in. V-twin. It is widely
regarded as the best bike Indian ever built.
and reliable, these are

“theRugged
classic American V-twins.
If you want to ride around
the world, the best choice is
a side-valve Harley-Davidson.
” Well-used oil filler
Steve Slocombe In the side-valve era, continual engine lubrication was vital.
(Harley-Davidson Restorer) The RL still used the constant loss system in which oil was
burned or blown out of the engine without recirculating.
THE FLATHEAD V-TWIN • 65
▼
THE FLATHEAD ERA _ 1930 TO 1973 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990S 2000s
1941 WLD Sport Solo Passing lights
H arley-DaviDson haD originally followed Indian when

the latter had produced its first 45 cu. in. side-valve
machine in 1927. Initially, the Indian 45s were the most highly
“Airplane”-
style
speedometer
regarded, but by the time Harley introduced its W-series in 1937,

it was the Milwaukee-built bikes that enjoyed the better Safety bar
specification and reputation. Replacing the R-series—with which

they had much in common—the three models in the original
Footboard
lineup were the basic W, this high-compression WLD, and the
competition model WLDR. The main difference over the Rs was
in the new styling, which mimicked the classy 61 Knucklehead Small is beautiful
(see pp.78–79) that had been introduced the previous year. Just The Ws were Harley’s
smallest machines of the
like their big brother, the 45s now had teardrop tanks with an period and matched the 45s
integrated instrument panel and curved mudguards, creating a put out by Indian. In terms
of quality control, Harley had
quality range that further established Harley as the market leader. been ahead for some time.
1941 WLD Sport SoLo Fold-up rear The large saddle

The 1941 model shown here is rare mudguard section helped to compensate
because by this date most of Harley’s allowed easy for the lack of rear
wheel removal suspension
production was devoted to military
machines (see WLA, pp.66–67). The
45s were basic, robust machines that
made them ideal for converting
to military bikes. High-compression
alloy cylinder head
New
taillight
introduced
in 1939
Rear stand
Introduction of
16-in (40-cm) wheel
in 1940 improved New streamlined Exhaust guard was a
the ride quality toolbox factory-fitted extra
1941 WLD SPORT SOLO • 67
Throttle cable
runs inside the
specifications handlebars
1941 WLD Sport Solo
Tubular forks Optional extras
• engine Side-valve, V-twin were added to the By the time this bike was built
• capacity 45cu. in. (738cc) WLD in 1940 Harley was offering a range of
• power output 25bhp (est.) factory-fitted accessory packages.
• transmission Three-speed, chain drive Extras on this WLD include
• frame Tubular cradle chrome spotlights, chrome trim
• suspension Leading-link front forks, on the mudguards, and a
rigid rear front fender light.
Chrome
headlight
shell
Handlebar
grips
Footboard
Fuel Rubber
tank New recirculating mudflap
lubrication system
meant that the oil was
contained on the left Running
side of the fuel tank light
Valanced
mudguard
Exhaust
outlet
Horizontal fins on Safety bars Front and rear
timing case differentiate were an wheels are
R- and W-series engines optional extra interchangeable
1942 WLA specifications

1942 WLA
T he motorcycle was a useful vehicle for military dispatch and

escort duty and had been used in these roles almost since its
invention. Harley-Davidson had supplied a number of machines to
•
•
•
•
the US military toward the end of World War I and, despite the fact chain drive
that rival Indian actually contributed more bikes, the company • suspension Leading-link
pulled off a bit of a coup when the the first US serviceman to enter front forks, rigid rear
Germany in 1918 was photographed riding a Harley. The outbreak of • top speed 65mph (105km/h)
World War II created a huge demand for two-wheeled transportation,
with the military needing machines that would survive abuse and
rugged terrain, and would also be simple to ride and repair. The 1942 WLA
WLA, based on the civilian WL models (see pp.66–67), fitted the bill The huge numbers of military Harleys
made during World War II mean that
perfectly. Together with the similar WLC model, manufactured for the WLA is relatively common in
the Canadian armed forces and with only detail changes from the classic bike circles. Although many are
WLA, Harley-Davidson built over 80,000 of these models for the presented in their original trim, many
owners have “civilianized” them by
Allied war effort. Other Harley-Davidsons supplied to the military painting them in different colors and
were the XA (see pp.56–57) and the U (see pp.70–71). dispensing with their military accessories.
Matt paint finish Leather pannier Sturdy rear carrier The seat was positioned
with no chrome further forward than
or polished alloy on the WL
Hand pump
for the tyres
Taillights have
blackout
covers fitted
Pressed-
steel rear
mudguard
Rear stand
clips onto rear
mudguard
Black finish Extended bashplate protects

exhaust with the gearbox and exhaust as
“Fishtail” muffler Toolbox well as the engine
1942 WLA • 69
“
Small
Windshield The rugged side-valve WLA windshield
fitted with
canvas fairing was the most successful military
motorcycle ever built, with over
Front
80,000 seeing action for the Allied brake
Rearview
mirror
forces during World War II.
” lever
Horn
45-caliber
Thompson
submachine gun Ammo box
Leather
Instrument console
machine-
gun holster
Canvas
Rubber grip leg-shield
handlebars
Daunting front
Blackout Given this imposing view
lighting made of the WLA, it’s hard to
Fuel
night riding believe that the military
filler-cap
interesting considered these bikes easy to
ride, but the side-valve unit
proved to be very reliable.
Mudguard is cut-
down and raised to
prevent clogging in
muddy conditions
Synthetic material
replaced rubber for
tires as the war
continued
Chunky
block-
tread tire
Front drum
brake
Ground clearance was

Footboard increased by extending
Points case the forks—originally on
Canvas the civilian WL model—
leg-shield by over 2in (5cm)
1944 U Navy specifications

1944 U Navy
T he U model was introdUced in 1937 as a replacement for

the V-series 74 and 80cu. in. twins. The redesigned engine,
which had a recirculating lubrication system, was fitted into a
•
•
•
•
power output 22bhp
transmission Four-speed,
chassis taken from the 61EL Knucklehead (see pp.78–79) that had hand shift
been introduced the previous year. The styling of other components • suspension Leading-link front forks
including the fuel tank and running gear was also based on the • weight 390lb (177kg)
sublime Knucklehead. Side-valve fans got an improved engine • top speed 75mph (120km/h)
with a four-speed gearbox in a much more modern-looking package,

and these large-capacity side-valve machines proved to be especially
useful for sidecar work. With the outbreak of World War II, Harley
began supplying large numbers of machines to the Allied war “theTheall-new
U model was styled on
Knucklehead, but
effort, mainly 45cu. in. bikes (see WLA, pp.68–69) but also some incorporated a revised version
74cu. in. U models. This example was supplied to the US Navy
and used on shore duties on Guam.
of Harley’s trusty side-valve unit.
”
Leather seat is padded
Leather pannier with horse hair
attached to pressed-
Twin taillights steel rear rack
are blacked-out Tubular cradle
frame
Oil pump
Rear
mudguard
Rear stand
Black-painted
exhaust with Toolbox with Gearbox Tubular metal
“Fishtail” muffler ribbed lid kick-start pedal
1944 U NAVY • 71
1944 U Navy Horn

The U-series bikes were simple and rugged, making Air filter
them ideal for use in a military capacity. Modifications
on this bike include blackout lighting and a rifle holster.
War-time shortages meant that rubber handgrips were Ammo box
substituted by plastic and the kick-start pedal was
nothing more than a bare metal tube. While the 80cu.
in. version was phased out in 1941, the 74cu. in. model Front
drum
remained in production until 1948. brake
Thompson 45-
caliber machine gun
Matt paint finish
in US Navy gray
Second choice
Very few U models were used by the US
military during World War II. Production
figures for 1944 show that only 580 Us rolled
out of the factory compared to 11,531 WLAs.
US Navy insignia Leather machine

on “teardrop” tank gun holster
Blackout light
Military
specification
mudguard has
no valances
Points case
16-in
Valve-spring/ Ribbed steel Heat-treated (41-cm)
tappet covers footboard front forks wheel
1949 WR Racer specifications

1949 WR Racer
I n 1934 the rules of AmericAn rAcing were changed to encourage

the participation of amateur riders on cheaper, production-based
motorcycles. Though influenced by the fact that Harley-Davidson and
•
•
•
power output 38bhp
Indian’s 45cu. in. twins were comparatively inexpensive and popular at hand shift
the time, the change meant that Harley had to put out some new • suspension Leading-link
models to meet the challenge of the class. In 1937 Harley offered the front forks
tuned WLDR, but the real response came in 1941 when the WR (flat- • top speed 110mph (177km/h) (est.)
track) and WRTT (TT) models were introduced. These pure racing
machines were supplied without any extraneous equipment—the WR,
for example, came with footrests rather than boards, a lightweight frame,
This style of tank detail was
and no brakes. More importantly, the engine was much more powerful introduced in 1947 and continued
than the basic W models (see pp.66–69) on which the bike was based. on the W-series through to 1951
Shortened rear Leather saddle pivots

The WR came mudguard Tubular cradle from the tank
with a choice of frame
18- or 19-in
(46- or 48-cm)
wheels
Heavy-duty
saddle springs
Frame
bracing strut
Folding footpegs were fitted to the WR;

Different Rear drum brake was not WRTT models came with footboards,
sprockets allowed an original component brakes, and a different frame
gearing changes
1949 WR RACER • 73
1949 WR RaceR
The WR was available with a variety of components so riders
could adapt the bike to suit their needs. Small fuel tanks
could be fitted for short races, large ones for longer events;
sprockets and tires also came in different sizes. Harley’s real
innovation with the WR was to empower amateur racers by
offering them such a wealth of options, resulting in the
growth in popularity of amateur bike racing.
Exposed
Red extended suspension
control grip is a nice springs
period touch
Postwar racing victories

Harley-Davidson had phenomenal racing success in the years
immediately after World War II, especially in events such as this
Oil filler-cap
100-mile (161-km) road race in 1947. Harley’s racing stars of the
period included Babe Tancrede, winner of the Laconia 100-mile
(161-km) race in 1947, and Jimmy Chann, who won the Grand
National Championship in 1947, ’48, and ’49, as well as winning
the 1949 Langhorne 100-mile (161-km) race.
Cast-iron headstock is
drilled to reduce weight Thick dirt-track
racing tire
Right side of fuel

tank actually
contains engine oil
Aluminum
cylinder
head
Exhaust
retaining
spring
Two-into-one
exhaust system
provided
optimum power
Vertical Wico magneto was

derived from a unit originally Strengthened spokes
intended for tractor engines on racing wheel Leading-link
front suspension
1969 GE Servi-Car specifications

1969 GE Servi-Car
F irst introduced in 1932, series G Servi-Cars were popular with

US police departments until the 1970s. They were often ridden
by traffic police on parking patrol and were geared for low-speed
•
•
•
•
power output 22bhp
transmission Three-speed forward,
use. The rider would drive the bike slowly past parked cars while one-speed reverse
• frame Tubular cradle with additional
marking the cars’ tires using chalk on a stick. When the officer rear subframe
returned an hour later, any cars with a chalk mark on their tire would • suspension Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
receive a ticket. Many Servi-Cars were fitted with a left-hand throttle • weight 598lb (271kg)
so that the rider’s right hand was free to use the chalk. They were • top speed 65mph (105km/h)
engineered to be user-friendly as they were used by unskilled riders.
Fiberglass was used for the box
Radio antenna construction from 1967,
replacing sheet metal and wood
Leather
solo saddle
The gargantuan
storage box was
advertised as being
able to carry loads of
up to 500lb (227kg)
Rear subframe Generator

16-in (41-cm) provides necessary
pressed-steel wheel support for the box
with chrome hubcap and extra wheel
1969 GE SERVI-CAR • 75
1969 GE SErvi-Car
The 45cu. in. side-valve engine was Wing mirrors
Parking
gradually updated throughout the brake lock
Servi-Car’s 42-year production run,
but it remained essentially the same
unit used on the prewar machines.
The Servi-Car was used as a guinea Windshield Police
pig for Harley’s first electric starter is height- lights
adjustable
in 1964; once proved, the system
was fitted to the Electra Glide Turn signals
(see pp.90–91) the following year.
Aluminum
Lever-operated headlight nacelle
siren is painted black
Instrument panel Chrome

headlight
peak
Right side of the Practical machine
fuel tank contains Three wheels meant this was a safe bike
lubricating oil to ride and, with its enormous carrying
capacity, it appealed to merchants as
well as to police forces.
Dynamo-operated
siren would take
over a minute to
wind down
Cast-iron
cylinders
and heads
Electric
starter case
Engine design remained Telescopic forks

almost unchanged from Deeply valanced are the same as
W-series solo machines mudguard with those used on the Front drum
(see pp.64–67) chrome trim big-twins brake
CHAPTER FOUR
Ohv Big-Twins 1936 –1984
1936 61EL “KNUCKLEHEAD”
Knucklehead, Panhead, and Shovelhead

can only be used as terms of endearment when
discussing Harley-Davidson motorcycles.
These were the nicknames given to the
overhead-valve engines that powered Harley’s
big-twins from 1936 to 1984. Another great
name in this chapter of Harley history is the
Electra Glide, probably the single most famous
motorbike in the world. Harley’s big-twins
really were the true embodiment of the
American motorcycle.
Star BikeS
Peter Fonda, seen here in the film The Wild Angels,
went on to star in the quintessential Harley-Davidson
chopper film, Easy Rider.
1936 61EL specifications

1936 61EL
S ome people consider the 61 “Knucklehead” to be the bike that

put Indian out of business; others claim it was the bike that saved
Harley-Davidson. Either way, this was Harley’s first proper production
•
•
•
•
engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
overhead-valve twin and, introduced in 1936, it was a groundbreaking chain drive
• frame Twin downtube
machine. The crucial new feature on the bike was its all-new overhead- tubular cradle
valve Knucklehead engine which, for the first time on a Harley, also • suspension Leading-link front forks,
rigid rear
had a recirculating lubrication system. But the 61 wasn’t just about • weight 515lb (234kg)
improved technology—it was also one of the best-looking bikes that • top speed 100mph (161km/h)
Harley ever built, and elements of its design can be seen in the cruisers
of today. The teardrop fuel tank, curved mudguards, and elegant
Shape of the alloy
detailing gave the bike a tight, purposeful, and modern look. Although rocker boxes gives
the 61EL suffered delays in development and teething troubles in the engine its
Knucklehead name
production, it became one of the best-loved Harleys ever made. Harley’s patented
sprung saddle
18-in (46-cm) rear
and front wheels are
Air-flow interchangeable Teak Red and black
streamlined color scheme was one
taillight of five offered for 1936
Oil return pipe
Rear stand
Exhaust fitted Oil tank is

with Burgess wrapped around Four-speed Kick-start
“fishtail” muffler the battery gearbox pedal
1936 61EL • 79
1936 61EL Twist-grip Large-diameter

throttle control headlight
The 61 incorporated a four-speed, constant mesh gearbox
and a cradle frame. These features, combined with the
new engine block, gave the bike improved performance
and reliability over its side-valve predecessor. The 61 was Control cables
produced in three models: 61E (medium compression), Gear lever
run inside the
61EL (Special Sport solo), and 61ES (medium compression handlebars
sidecar). A 74cu. in. version of the Knucklehead engine
(available in F, FL, and FS models) was introduced Winged-face
in 1941 (see pp.82–83). horn with
chrome cover
Front
Beautifully suspension
sculpted fuel tank springs
incorporates the Crash bar
instrument console was a
standard
fitting
Teardrop More innovations

fuel tank The 61 carried Harley-Davidson’s
Friction first four-speed, constant mesh
suspension gearbox, yet another feature that
damper in technological terms pushed
Harley ahead of its rivals Indian.
Stylish curved
mudguard
Folding
footboard
Chrome molybdenum
Diagonal air Points case was in fork legs replaced the
Color-
intake only used this position on the forged I-beams on the
coordinated
on 1936 models big-twins until 1970 side-valve bikes
wheel rim
The Knucklehead
he KnucKlehead engine, so named because of the shape of
T its rocker covers, came with two significant new features when
it was introduced in 1936. The first was overhead valves, which
boosted power from the V-twin unit; and the second was a single
camshaft arrangement that would be used on Harley’s big-twins for
1936 61E
the next 60 years. The Knucklehead was also the first Harley-Davidson As well as the the 61EL, the Knucklehead was also
to incorporate a recirculating oil system, where oil was constantly fed fitted to the 61E. The difference between the models
was that the EL had a high-compression Knucklehead
through the engine rather than just burned off. unit, whereas the E had medium-compression.
Alloy cases on the Oil-feed pipe; oil was Rocker shaft retaining nut; From above, the
top of the cylinder returned to the crankcases the other end is bolted to cylinders reveal a crude
heads enclose via the pushrod tubes the cylinder head valve-spring enclosure
the rockers and partly exposed
rocker-arm shafts
Carburetor
manifold
Pushrod
tube
Exhaust port
Cooling fins on
cylinder barrel
Contact
breaker case
The Knucklehead
originally had a capacity
of 61cu. in., but a 74cu.
in. version became
available from 1941
Oil pump
Why KnucKlehead?
Clench your fist, look at the
back of your hand, and you’ll
see why this was called the Ribbed
Knucklehead. The polished timing
nuts that retain the rocker arms gear case
are the knuckles and the
pushrod tubes are the tendons Engine case screw
running down the back of
the hand. With its overhead
valvegear and recirculating New dry sump lubrication
system meant that oil
lubrication system, the recirculated rather than
Knucklehead was a giant leap just burned off
forward for Harley-Davidson.
Crankcase bolt
Aerodynamic The Competition
body shell
• 1938 CROCKER •
The Crocker was produced in limited numbers in
Aerodynamic Single camshaft was
fairing and fork
California, but it was one of the few bikes capable of
superior to the twin and
outrunning a good Knucklehead. It was built in the
four-cam systems used
Disc wheel by Harley in the past classic style of an American V-twin and was available
in the traditional red, white, and blue color scheme.
Right there is the engine

“
that put the Indian Motorcycle
Nationwide publicity
Company out of business.
In March 1937, this streamlined Knucklehead achieved a record
speed of 136.183mph (220km/h) when ridden by Joe Petrali at
Laurie Mayers
”
(Knucklehead Owner)
Daytona Beach, Florida. With the Knucklehead released just the
year before, it was confirmation of the new engine’s pedigree.
THE KNUCKLEHEAD • 81
▼
THE KNUCKLEHEAD ERA _ 1936 TO 1947 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1941 74FL specifications

1941 74FL
T heharley-DaviDson philosophy of making a good idea bigger

was applied to the Knucklehead engine in 1941 when capacity
was increased to 74 cubic inches, though the 61cu. in. model remained
• engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
• power output 48bhp @
5,000rpm
in production. As well as the larger engine, the frame was stronger and • transmission Four-speed,
hand shift
adjustments had been made to the transmission since the Knucklehead • frame Tubular cradle
first appeared in 1936 (see pp.78–81). Despite regular revamps, the • suspension Leading-link front forks
evolution of Harley’s big overhead-valve engine has been continuous • top speed 105mph (169km/h)
and gradual, and there is a direct link between today’s big-twins and
the 1936 model. From 1942, production of the Knucklehead was badly
disrupted by the war, with Harley redirecting its efforts to producing
Smooth brown
military bikes, and the FL didn’t get back to being produced in cowhide leather seat
significant numbers until 1946. It remained largely unchanged until the
Knucklehead was replaced by the Panhead (see pp.86–87) in 1948. Knucklehead
rocker cover
Fold-up rear Skyway Blue was one

section allows easy of five colors in the
wheel removal Harley range for 1941
Black painted
“boat-tail” Battery is situated in the
rear light middle of the horseshoe-
shaped oil tank
Rear
stand
New quieter “speed- Streamlined toolbox Chromed

lined” muffler was designed by exhaust
introduced for 1941 Raymond Loewy pipe covers
1941 74FL • 83
1941 74FL Wide handlebars

Comparing the profile of this 1941 Knucklehead with the
1936 bike (see pp. 78–79), it is clear to see how much the
model had developed in only five years. The streamlined
toolbox, round air filter, and speed-tuned exhaust all
contribute to a more modern appearance, aided by the input Imposing front
of designer Raymond Loewy. With design credits that The chrome horn with
Filler-cap for embossed winged motif
included the Greyhound Scenicruiser bus and the 1-gallon (3.8-liter) was introduced on the
Studebaker Avanti, Loewy was one of the most influential reserve fuel tank original 1936 Knucklehead
designers of the 20th century. and, combined with the
high-mounted headlight,
Suspension gave the FL a handsome
springs front profile.
“Cat’s eye”
instrument
console Foot-operated
clutch lever
Metal tank
badge introduced
Chrome
in 1940
horn
Wheels measuring 16 in
(41 cm) were optional
from 1940 and gave
improved ride comfort
over the larger ones
New vane-type 7-in (18-cm)

oil pump replaced diameter circular Chrome Whitewall
double-gear unit air cleaner mudguard trim tire
1951 74FL Hydra-Glide specifications

1951 74FL Hydra-Glide
H arley had been keeping its riders comfortable using the

springer leading-link fork (introduced 1907) and the sprung
seat-post (introduced 1912) for years. By 1949, though, the merits
•
•
•
•
transmission Four-speed, hand shift
of hydraulically damped telescopic forks were obvious and from that • frame Tubular cradle
• suspension Hydraulically damped
year they were fitted to the 61 and 74cu. in. twins. Hence the name telescopic forks, rigid rear
Hydra-Glide. Another development had taken place the previous • weight 598lb (271kg)
year with the arrival of the Panhead engine (see pp.86–87) to replace • top speed 102mph (164km/h)
the Knucklehead. Though regarded as a classic, the Knucklehead

had been prone to oil leaks and the new unit sought to address this
1951 74FL Hydra-GLide
problem—the Panhead moniker referred to the large rocker covers The L designation denotes this as a high-
that enclosed the valvegear and kept the oil inside the engine. compression model, and the 74FL was
Combined with the new hydraulic valve-lifters, these modifications Harley’s biggest-selling model in 1951,
with over 6,000 units sold. Optional
all amounted to reduced wear on the engine and completed another foot-shift and hand-lever clutch were
successful chapter in the history of Harley’s big-twins. introduced in 1952 on the new FLF model.
First-aid kit came as Mudguard-mounted Panhead rocker

part of the police fire extinguisher cover
option package
Radio equipment
stored in this
wooden pannier
Solo leather saddle
still uses the sprung
seat-post first seen
in 1912
Taillight
Rear stand
16x5-in
(41x13-cm) tire
“Mellow-tone” muffler
was introduced from 1950 Horseshoe-
and designed to reduce shaped oil tank Four-speed Exhaust
levels of exhaust noise with battery in center gearbox downtube
1951 74FL HYDRA-GLIDE • 85
Windshield is
height-adjustable
Hydraulically
damped telescopic
forks from which
the Hydra-Glide
gets its name
Tinted lower
windshield
section
Large-diameter
headlight sits
in a pressed-
steel upper
fork panel
Policeman’s favorite
This particular bike was used by the Willowick
Police Department, Ohio. Harley sold large numbers
of bikes to police forces and offered a standard police
accessory group costing $78.75 in 1951.
Pursuit light
Mudguard-mounted
police sign
Painted silver-
gray fender
Chrome
mudguard
trim
One-piece
front safety guard
Eight-rib timing New chrome tank Painted black

gear cover—new badge with script spoked wheel 8-in (20-cm)
for 1951 lettering and bar and rim front drum
brake
Official choice
With the demise of Indian in 1953, Harleys
became the only choice for police departments.
Many Americans got their first close look at
The Panhead a motorcycle as they explained their slip-ups
here wasn’t much wrong with the Knucklehead (see pp.80–81), but the to a Harley-mounted highway patrol officer.
T Panhead is proof that you can improve on a good idea. Though the new
engine was essentially a Knucklehead bottom end with a revised top section,
there were a number of significant changes on the Panhead. Fully enclosed
valvegear made the engine quieter and cleaner, and hydraulic valve-lifters
cut down on maintenance. In addition, new aluminum cylinder heads were
capped with large pan-shaped rocker covers which gave the bike its name.
New aluminum Inlet Air filter

cylinder head manifold cover
Pressed-steel Rocker covers are

rocker cover lined with felt to
reduce noise
Exhaust port
Exhaust port;
Points unit; timing
exhaust pipe is
could be altered by
fitted to the heads
rotating the case
by a clamp
Timing
Hydraulic valve-lifters gear case
positioned at the
bottom of the pushrod
Oil pressure
gauge is an
addition to this
modified engine
Screw regulates
oil pump’s
delivery rate
Feed pipe
to oil tank The Panhead came in both 61 and
74cu. in. capacities, though the
smaller engine was phased out in
1953; there was also a choice of
Crankcase medium- or high-compression units
bolt
Revision RatheR than Revamp

The similarities between the Pan and the The Competition
Knuckle are obvious, but the later engine • 1951 INDIAN CHIEF ROADMASTER •
has a much cleaner appearance. However, The Indian Chief may have been one of the most stylish
the Panhead was revised in 1955 when bikes ever built, but technologically it was way behind
larger engine casings were fitted. the Panhead. Side-valves and a crude three-speed box
were no match for the ohv four-speed Harley.
The Panhead was classic Harley-

“Davidson thinking—take something
that works [the Knucklehead] and
Pan handling make it better.
Cowboys would have been happy to cook their beans in ”
Clive Wessler
these pans and it’s obvious how the engine got its name. (Panhead Owner)
The alloy collar slips over the pan and a series of screws
secure it to the cylinder head.
THE PANHEAD • 87
▼
THE PANHEAD ERA _ 1948 TO 1965 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1960 FLH Duo-Glide

B y the late 1950s, harley’s big-twins had captured a section of the
market for big, comfortable, large-capacity tourers. Weight wasn’t an
issue, but comfort and dependability were. In 1958 Harley finally added rear
swingarm suspension to its Panhead big-twin and celebrated the addition
with the Duo-Glide model name. By the time that this model was built in
1960, almost no two Harleys were the same, as owners tended to load their
machines with extra components in order to individualize the looks and
improve the comfort and capabilities of their bike. Harley offered a range of
accessory groups and color schemes which meant that buyers could specify
which extras they wanted on their machine when they ordered it from the
dealer. These accessory-laden machines came to be known as “dressers.”
Rider’s handbook Passenger grab-rail

Harley-Davidson’s handbooks were filled Chrome-covered shock Heavy-duty saddle
with maintenance tips and other helpful absorber, with the rear combined with the new
hints. In addition, the comprehensive suspension giving the rear suspension made this
network of knowledgeable Harley dealers Duo-Glide its name a perfect touring bike
would always provide assistance
if things went wrong. Luggage carrier
License-plate holder
Round taillight Kick start
This model is painted

in the optional color
scheme of Hi-Fi
Red with Birch
White tank panels
Safety
guards
Fiberglass rear
panniers were an
optional extra
Chrome exhaust cover
Saddle springs were

Cast-iron rear brake is Vertical retained despite the
hydraulically operated toolbox new rear suspension
1960 FLH DUO-GLIDE • 89
specifications
Windshield Rearview 1960 FLH Duo-Glide
redesigned this mirror
year to incorporate • engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
new fork nacelle • capacity 74cu. in. (1213cc)
7,200rpm
Red tinted • transmission Four-speed,
lower windshield hand shift
“Arrow-flite” section • frame Tubular cradle
tank badge
telescopic forks, rear swingarm
Ball-ended • top speed 100mph (160km/h)
handlebar
lever New
aluminum
fork nacelle
1960 FLH Duo-GLiDe

The FLH designation had been introduced
in 1955 for the top-of-the-range models
after a revamp of the “Panhead” had
produced a more efficient block resulting
in greater horsepower. The H indicated
that the engine had polished ports and
“Victory” camshafts, which Harley claimed
gave a 10-percent power increase.
Aluminum
telescopic forks Front drum
brake
Chrome
fender
Trumpet bars
horn was
fitted as
standard
Ribbed timing
case cover
Rear brake Elaborate

Exhaust has a pedal for new mudguard Whitewall
chrome cover hydraulic system detailing tires
1965 74FLHB Electra Glide

I n the early 1960s electric starters were being offered by the
emerging Japanese manufacturers on even their smallest machines,
so Harley felt obliged to put them on its 1200cc machines. The system
1965 74FLHB ELEctra GLidE
While 1965 was the first year of the famous
Electra Glide, it was also the last year for
the Panhead engine. This example is a
was developed for the three-wheeled Servi-Car (see pp.74–75) in hand-shift model, which Harley continued
1964 and, having proved its reliability, was attached to the FLH the to offer as an option until 1973. The foot
clutch is on the left side, the shift-lever is
following year to create the Electra Glide. A larger battery and on the left side of the tank, and the front
12-volt electrical system was needed to run the starter, so the oil brake is on the left-side handlebar. This
tank on the FLH had to be redesigned Harley bike is still in regular use and covers
thousands of miles every year.
continued to put the kick-start alongside the new
system for a while so that riders could impress their Seat Kick-start pedal was
springs retained on early
friends with their one-kick starting technique (and Electra Glides
when it didn’t work they could press the button).
Chrome
Alloy rear passenger
mudguard grab rail
Rear license support
plate
Tail
light
“Fishtail”
muffler
High-output battery
Two-into-one exhaust situated on the right side
system; a two-pipe Chrome shock of the frame; oil tank was
system was an option absorber cover moved to the left
1965 74FLHB ELECTRA GLIDE• 91
Rearview
Electric mirror specifications
starter 1965 74FLHB Electra Glide
button
12-volt • capacity 74cu. in. (1213cc)
Wide-diameter headlight • power output 60bhp @
handlebar grips 5,400rpm
Polished alloy • transmission Four-speed,
headlight hand shift
nacelle Optional • frame Tubular steel cradle
front
spotlight
telescopic forks, rear swingarm
Front brake lever
“
Instrument
console The 1965 FLH bikes were
the first Harley big-twins to be
equipped with electric starters and
the only Electra Glides powered
by the Panhead engine.
”
Indicators fitted Electra Glide
from 1963 front mudguard
script
This style
of tank badge
was used from
1963 to 1965
Crash bar
Rear brake
pedal
Panhead engine fitted on the 16x5-in (41x13-cm) tire Front drum

Electra Glide for 1965 only provided superior ride quality brake
1971 FX Super Glide specifications

1971 FX Super Glide
T hough harley-DaviDson frowneD on the customizers who

chopped and modified its machines in the 1960s—and certainly
didn’t approve of the influence of the film Easy Rider—the company
•
•
•
•
introduced its own tribute to the customizing trend in 1971. The FX left foot-shift
Super Glide mated a kick-start 74cu. in. engine with the forks and • suspension Telescopic front forks,
front wheel from a Sportster to give the bike a chopper-inspired look. swingarm rear
Styled by Willie G. Davidson, grandson of cofounder William A. (with half a tank of fuel)
Davidson, the idea was to combine the grunt of the big F-series engine • top speed 108mph (174km/h)
with the lean looks of the X-series Sportsters. But although the Super
Glide concept proved to be a winner in the long run, the unique
bodywork on the 1971 model was too much for customers of the time 31⁄2-gallon (13.25-liter)
and ’72 models came with a more conventional seat and mudguard. two-part fuel tank
Fiberglass seat unit was produced

“Boat-tail” design by Harley’s golf-cart division Only a small battery is needed Shovelhead
was only made because the FX is not fitted rocker box
in 1971 with an electric starter
Muffler
The wheel rim is

a non-standard Two-into-one Chromed kick-start Kick-
alloy version exhaust system spring cover start
1971 FX SUPER GLIDE • 93
Single chromed 1971 FX Super Glide

rearview mirror This bike is an unrestored and in-use
example of the much sought-after 1971
Super Glide, with the “Sparkling America”
red, white, and blue color scheme and Buckhorn,
Fuel filler-cap for “boat-tail” seat unit. These one-year-only custom-style
the right-side of elements to the bike have ensured that the handlebars
the two-part tank ’71 is now a collector’s piece. This style of
seat was also an option on 1971 Sportsters.
Circular
taillight
Sportster-style
headlight with
“eyebrow”
Primary
drive casing
Light switch and

speedometer are
mounted in the Fold-up
tank-top dash footrest
Rear profile
The slim rear profile of the Super
Glide is only compromized by the
bulbous primary drive casing.
Even so, the FX looked like no
other bike Harley had produced.
16-in
(41-cm)
rear wheel
Nonstandard
rubber fork
gaiter
Brake
cable
Sportster
front fork
“Ham can”
air filter
Chrome cover for

master cylinder
operating the rear brake
“Cone” alternator cover

was used on the Shovelhead Single leading-shoe 19-in (48-cm)
engine from 1970 front drum brake front wheel
The Shovelhead
he KnucKlehead looKed liKe knuckles, the Panhead looked
T like pans, so the Shovelhead looked like... but you have to squint
and use your imagination. Introduced in 1966, the Shovelhead’s new
cast-alloy rocker boxes on the revised cylinder heads gave the engine
its distinctive shape. It was quieter, cleaner, more efficient, and a bit
more powerful than the Panhead (see pp.86–87). The bottom end of Shovelhead chopper
the engine was almost identical to that on the Panhead until a revamp The Shovelhead engine is at the heart of the classic
chopper. It is possible to build up a cloned Harley
in 1970 changed the electrical supply from generator to alternator power. engine just using parts from aftermarket suppliers.
Rocker shafts are Rocker cover looks

retained by Large “ham like a shovel turned
recessed bolts can” air filter upside down
Alloy rocker cover
Pushrod tube
replaces the one-
piece cover used
on the Panhead
Carburetor
Nine cooling fins

Exhaust pipes are indicate that this is
fitted with two a 74cu. in. model;
screws and a collar 80cu. in. versions
had ten fins
Black paint on the iron Timing case; this was
cylinder barrel helps to removed on the post-
disperse heat 1970 alternator models
External oil line ensures

sufficient lubrication
reaches the cylinder head
Oil delivery
regulating screw
An eArly exAmple
This is an early Shovelhead
engine made before the
redesign to accommodate
a new alternator. The change
dispensed with the external
timing case and the forward
generator mounting position
featured on this engine. Post-1970 Shovelheads
Interchangeability of parts and had a smaller cone-shaped
the availability of aftermarket timing gear case rather
than this finned design
components means that many
Shovelheads are upgraded.
Crankcase bolt
The Competition
• 1969 HONDA CB750 •
The CB750 was a big threat to bike manufacturers The Shovelhead cylinder
worldwide. Japanese companies had set the standard heads were based on the
for reliability and specs in small-capacity bikes, and Sportster, but the bottom end
now they were branching out into the big-bike market. was a revised version
of the Knucklehead engine
Single-overhead-
cam 750cc engine
Maybe I’m a romantic,
“
but somehow Harleys lost some
charm when they replaced the
Shovel. Things just got too easy.
” Chopper fame
Noel Probyn The Shovelhead era was well underway when the film Easy Rider
(Electra Glide Owner) was released in 1969. Though the bikes use Panhead
(see pp.86–87) engines, the film popularized the chopper and influenced
Harley’s decision to build the Shovelhead FX Super Glide.
THE SHOVELHEAD • 95
▼
THE SHOVELHEAD ERA _ 1966 TO 1983 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1984 FLHX Electra Glide

A fter 18 years in production the Shovelhead engine was
replaced in 1984 by the new, but externally similar, Evolution
engines (see pp.144–45). The FLHX was the swansong of the
1984 FLHX ELEctra GLidE
The 80cu. in. Shovelhead engine had been
introduced in 1978, and the long-established
74cu. in. version had been discontinued in
Shovelhead Electra Glides, a special limited-edition model 1981—three years before the 80’s demise.
(apparently only 1,250 were made) available in black or white with Both had been sterling power units, but had
been somewhat left behind by the new
wire-spoked wheels and full touring equipment. Cynics would say technologies being developed by foreign
that this was a good excuse to use up the last of the old-style engines, competition. Ultimately the FLHX was a
while others might argue that an engine with the reputation and fitting last shell for the Shovelhead block,
ending an era where the old workhorse had
life span of the Shovelhead deserved a celebratory parting shot. become synonymous with the whole
Either way it was the end of an era. concept of Harley touring bikes.
Passenger
backrest
“King and queen” seat
Safety reflector gives the pillion passenger
a raised view
Larger (by 15 percent) Luggage rack

panniers were
introduced in 1983 Battery box
Circular
indicator
“Fishtail”
exhaust muffler
Rear disc brake first appeared Box section steel Folded-up

on the Electra Glide in 1973 swingarm passenger footboard
1984 FLHX ELECTRA GLIDE • 97
Height-adjustable
windshield specifications
1984 FLHX Electra Glide
Square mirror
Windshield • capacity 80cu. in. (1312cc)
support frame • power output 65bhp (est.)
Handlebar- • transmission Four-speed, left
switchgear foot-shift, belt drive
Headlight • suspension Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
peak
• weight 752lb (341kg) (with half
Gold stripes and a tank of fuel)
red pinstriping Passing • top speed 90mph (145km/h)
are unique to light
the FLHX
“wasThea limited-edition
FLHX Electra Glide
model
that had, at its heart, the last
of Harley’s Shovelhead units.
”
Indicator
Chromed fork shroud
Wire-spoked wheel
Crash bar
Huge airbox Flexible mountings Front disc brake,

advertises the FLHX’s reduce engine first introduced on Whitewall
80cu. in. capacity vibration the 1971 Electra Glide tire
CHAPTER FIVE
Post -War
small Bikes 1948–1977
1967 CRTT ALA D’ORO
Lightweights, mopeds, and scooters

with the famous Harley-Davidson badge?
Yes, it’s true. For 30 years Harley built
lightweight machines with buzzing exhaust
notes and budget price tags, but it all ended
in failure as Harley couldn’t compete with
the Japanese manufacturers. It is a fascinating
story nevertheless, involving designs acquired
as war reparations, an American scooter,
the takeover of an Italian manufacturer,
and four World Championship wins.
Harley-Davidson Convoy
The Apollo 11 astronauts get a Harley-Davidson convoy through
the streets of New York in 1969. The 1960s was the decade when
Harley-Davidson produced its widest range of small motorcycles.
1955 ST
H arley’s little 125cc two-stroke first appeared in the line
for the 1948 season. The design was based on the German
DKW, which was made available to Harley, and to the British BSA
specifications
1955 ST
group, as part of war reparations. Harley gave the bike its own styling • engine Two-stroke single
details, which were based on those used on the bigger models. The • capacity 165cc
new bike was designated the Model S, and a 165cc version was • power output 7bhp
• transmission Three-speed
introduced for 1953. Throughout its seven-year production run the ST
retained a three-speed gearbox and rigid rear, so by the time it reached • suspension Telescopic forks, rigid rear
the end of its life it must have appeared very old fashioned. From 1960 • weight 170lb (77kg)
Harley offered a new model based on the same engine (see Bobcat • top speed 55mph (89km/h) (est.)
pp.104–05), but even these didn’t get rear suspension until 1963.
1955 ST “Peanut” fuel tank shape was

The basic design of the ST may have been German, Battery case created for the original 125
but Harley Americanized it by using the company’s with horizontally and survives in the Sportster
own style of motorcycle parts. The fuel tank, mounted ampmeter
mudguards, seat, headlight, and other details were
all derived from those used on bigger machines in Tassled leather “V” Harley badge used on
saddle the ST from 1955–56
the Harley line. It may not have been a big-twin,
but it was a Harley-Davidson.
Bullet-shaped
taillight
Rear brake
linkage
Cast-alloy
carburetor cover
Chromed steel Exhaust Folding rubber-

wheel rim retaining bracket covered footrest
1955 ST • 101
“
German origins
The ST was descended from DKW’s influence was global in the years after World
the German DKW bike acquired War II. Small two-strokes featuring the gear pedal and
kick-start on the same axis—a DKW trademark—were
by Harley after World War II
”
produced in at least six different countries.
as part of reparations.
Fuel filler-cap unscrews Optional
Lightweight “Tele- and contains a cup for leather
Windshield Glide” front forks first measuring oil panniers
support appeared in 1951
Fork yoke panel

incorporates the
speedometer
Left foot- Kick- Prop

shift lever start lever stand
Tinted
Headlight style and
windshield
mounting are derived Mudguard
from the Hydra-Glide stay
(see pp.84–85)
Chrome front
mudguard trim
is nonstandard
Crash bars Light

were optional switch
Exhaust
pipe
Footrest Muffler
Valanced
mudguard
Extra refinements
This example is equipped with
Small drum brake copes 19x31⁄4-in nonstandard, but period, windshield
with the sedate performance (48x8.3-cm) and panniers and has additional
and light weight of the ST wheel chrome trim on the mudguards.
1964 AH Topper specifications

1964 AH Topper
T he AmericAn scooter mArket had flourished in the 1950s, but

the arrival of the 165cc Topper scooter to the Harley range in
1959 heralded the end of the boom. Scooter buyers wanted bikes that
• engine Two-stroke, single
•
•
cylinder
capacity 165cc
power output 9bhp
• transmission Automatic
were easy to ride and, though the Topper met this criterion, its boxy • frame Steel frame
styling was no match for the attractive curves of the contemporary • suspension Swingarm front
and rear
Italian Vespa and Lambretta scooters. Intriguingly, a sidecar option • weight 200lb (90kg)
was offered. The Topper was dropped from the Harley catalog after • top speed 65mph (105km/h)
the 1965 season, much to the pleasure of die-hard Harley enthusiasts.
Hand-pulled
Lift-up seat with recoil
under-seat storage starter
1964 was first year

of rear badging
Exhaust
pipe
Fiberglass body “Scootaway” Large silencer

panels in two-tone Passenger transmission has muted the 165cc
paint scheme footrest chain final drive two-stroke engine
1964 AH TOPPER • 103
Front brake lever on the Horn grille

left handlebar had a lock Handlebars were
on it so it could also be more streamlined
used as a parking brake than on previous Apart from this Fiesta Red
versions and white, the only other
paint finish on offer in
1964 was black and white
Horn
Legshields and
front mudguard
were constructed
of metal
Revised grips
fitted for the
1962 model year
White painted
headlight
1964 AH Topper neacle with Each wheel
While the Topper may have been a chrome trim has 5-in (13-
cm) brakes
bit lacking in style, it was no worse
than most other American-built Commuter runaround
machines of the era. A centrifugal clutch With the Topper Harley-Davidson
and belt-drive system with variable was trying to appeal to the urban
diameter pulleys provided automatic gear buyer who needed a stress-free form
change and the two-stroke engine had a reed of transportation, and it achieved
this with some measure of success.
valve in the induction system. Quirkily, it was
started with a pull cord, like a lawn mower.
Rear brake pedal

12-in (30-
cm) pressed-
steel wheel
Footboard with
rubber mat
Exhaust
mounting Swingarm front
Unconventional bracket suspension has a
right-hand shock absorber
propstand on this side only
1966 BTH Bobcat specifications

1966 BTH Bobcat
T he AmericAn motorcycle mArket was shaken up in the 1960s

by the arrival of vast numbers of Japanese machines. In 1963
Harley introduced the BT Pacer, a revamp of its old 165 (see pp.100–
•
•
•
•
engine Single cylinder, two-stroke
capacity 175cc
power output 10bhp (est.)
101) with a new frame—finally incorporating rear suspension—and a chain drive
new 175cc engine. A further rework for 1966 produced the Bobcat, a • suspension Telescopic front forks,
one-year-only model whose styling reflected the fashion for off-road swingarm rear
• weight Not known
biking at the time. This was the final version of the DKW-derived • top speed 65mph (105km/h) (est.)
two-stroke and the last Harley lightweight to be built in America—
Harley’s acquisition of Aermacchi in 1960 meant production shifted
to Italy after 1966. Though a valiant attempt, it failed to match its
Solo and dual
well-equipped and competitively priced Japanese contemporaries. seat options
were available
Horn
The tank cover/mudguard unit
was a one-piece resin molding
Rear light housing
follows lines of
molded body
High-level
exhaust pipe
Pressed-
steel
chainguard
Heat shield
49-tooth rear sprocket
could be switched to
an 84-tooth version Pressed-steel Horizontal springs
for off-road use swingarm for rear suspension
1966 BTH BOBCAT • 105
1966 BTH BoBcaT

The Bobcat was the last in a long line of Harley Brake lever Single mirror
two-strokes produced from 1948. The Model 125
was released that year in response to the need
for an economical bike for the postwar climate
Large-diameter and over the next few years a succession of
twist-grip variants followed, with engine sizes ranging Holiday Red paint
from 125 to 175cc. These included the finish came as standard,
Hummer, Pacer, Scat, Ranger, and Super 10. as did Indigo Metallic;
Sparkling Burgundy was
an optional color
Central speedometer
Steel mudguard
Chrome
15⁄6-gallon (7.5-liter) trimmed
fuel tank is hidden headlight
under the fiberglass
bodywork
Monocoque for the future
Though the Bobcat was only
produced for one year—about 1,150
models rolled out of the factory—its Footrest
Fork slider legacy was the all-in-one body
telescopes into the concept used on the first Super
upper section of Glides a few years later.
the simple forks
18x31⁄2-in
(46x9-cm)
tire
Hexagonal
tank badge
Single-
downtube
frame
Brake cable
One of six
mudguard stays
Alloy engine/ 18-in Narrow front

gearbox unit (46-cm) wheel drum brake
1966 Sprint H specifications

1966 Sprint H
H arley bought a share in the Italian Aermacchi company in

1960 and this Harley-badged Aermacchi 250 joined the range
the following year under the Sprint moniker. It was unlike any other
• engine Overhead-valve, single
cylinder
• capacity 246cc
Harley-Davidson and wary dealers treated the model with caution. • transmission Four-speed,
chain drive
The single-cylinder 246cc engine had wet sump lubrication, a • frame Tubular spine
cylinder positioned almost horizontally, and pushrod-operated • suspension Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
valves. Unusually, the crankshaft rotated in the opposite direction • weight 280lb (127kg)
to the wheels. Although the Sprint was a nice enough machine, • top speed 90mph (145km/h) (est.)
it was hard-pressed to keep up with comparable Hondas of the period.
Production of the Italian four-strokes continued until 1974,
Frame brace reinforces
by which time a 350cc model had joined the 250. the critical area between
the swingarm and the Canister
Dual seat suspension top-mounting air filter
Pressed-steel mudguard
is rigidly mounted
to the frame
Circular
taillight
License-
plate
mounting
Alloy
wheel hub
Wet sump
engine case
Low-level exhaust system;
earlier Sprint H models
used a high-level system Right-hand Right-foot
propstand gearshift
1966 SPRINT H • 107
1966 Sprint H
The Sprint H was originally a trail model sold
with a high-level exhaust pipe and mudguard for
this popular section of the American market.
“ The Sprint was one of
Harley’s Italian acquisitions
The Sprint C was the roadster version. But by after it bought into the
the time this bike was produced, a lower pipe and Aermacchi company and
”
conventional guards were also fitted to the H. High-level
The Sprint was arguably Harley’s most competent was produced for 14 years. handlebars
and successful small bike.
Brake cable Telescopic
fork
Handlebar
grip Elongated
headlight shell
contains the
Hexagonal tank Steering speedometer
badge was damper
introduced
in 1966 Footrest
Front
Chrome brake
trimmed
headlight
Handlebar fashions
While high handlebars were popular
with American buyers, European
Fork gaiter riders preferred a sportier look,
so Sprints which stayed in Europe
came with lower bars.
18-in (46-cm)
wheel with
chrome rim
23⁄5-gallon
(9.8-liter)
fuel tank
Rocker
inspection
cover
Horizontal cylinder
finning provided
improved cooling
Dell’Orto carburetor
with remote float bowl
Camshaft 18x3-in Single leading-

end cover (46x7.6-cm) front tire shoe front brake
1966 M-50 Sport

M opeds always sold well in europe, but were less well suited
to America, with its expanse of wide-open spaces and culture
of long-distance motorcycle touring. Despite this, Harley’s Italian
1966 M-50 Sport
Apparently Aermacchi built 10,500 M-50
Sports in 1966, though not many were
brought to America. Even with a list price
connection resulted in the arrival of a 49cc two-stroke moped with of $225, the ones that did get to the US
didn’t sell quickly. Another 15cc was added
a step-through frame and a three-speed gearbox for the 1965 season. in 1967 to create the M-65 Sport, resulting
The addition of a conventional motorcycle fuel tank and a stylish seat in a claimed 62 percent power increase. The
justified the “Sport” moniker the following year. However, poor sales advertising copy stated that these bikes were
“fun for young America at any age,” but the
saw Harley drop the M-50 after 1968 and the company never attempted reality was that America was
mopeds again. Which was a relief to many Harley traditionalists. distinctly unimpressed.
Racing-
style seat
Circular
taillight
Miniscule
Dell’Orto
carburetor
Steel mudguard
unit and
streamlined rear
light mounting
Brake
actuating
arm
Expansion
17x2-in chamber Tubular
(43x5-cm) tire exhaust spine frame
1966 M-50 SPORT • 109
Right-hand Front brake

throttle with large- cable
diameter grip specifications
1966 M-50 Sport
Pressed-steel,
elongated • engine Single cylinder,
headlight shell two-stroke
with chrome trim • capacity 49cc
• power output Unknown
• transmission Three-speed with
Rubber-mounted twist-grip change
21⁄2-gallon (9.5-liter) • frame Tubular spine
fuel tank
• suspension Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
“capacity
The M-50 was the smallest-
bike ever to carry the
Harley-Davidson badge, but was
Shroud
surround for really more at home in
telescopic fork Italy than the United States.
”
Pressed-steel
front
mudguard
Horn Sparkplug Ignition coil
cap
Gear-change cable
connects the left
twist-grip to the
change mechanism
Mudguard
stay
Alloy cylinder head

Three-speed has an integral
gearbox engine mounting Minimalist
point from which the brakes match
engine is connected minimalist Chromed
to the spine frame performance wheel rims
1967 CRTT
T he basic design of this Italian-built overhead-valve single was
penned by Alfredo Bianchi and was originally based on a 175cc
unit that powered Aermacchi’s distinctive Chimera road bike. Also
1967 CRTT
The CRTT was only produced for one year,
with just 35 rolling out of the factory. By
1967, the Italian company was pleased with
known as the Ala D’Oro (“Golden Wing”), a number of racing the way things were going with its
versions of the bike were produced from 1961, in 250, 350, and 402cc American partner. In 1964, for example,
75-percent of its production was being
formats. Although the layout was the same, the race bikes differed exported to the US for distribution by
from the road-going bikes in many respects. Engine cases were sand- Harley and the range of bikes being
produced was expanding.
cast and incorporated the provision for a dry clutch and crankshaft-
driven magneto ignition.
Exposed rear Quick-release
suspension rubber strap for
springs fuel tank
Aerodynamic
seat unit
Engine
breather pipe
Gear-change
pedal
“Megaphone” exhaust Ventilation slots

Twin leading- increases power and, as help to keep the
shoe rear brake the name suggests, noise dry clutch cool
1967 CRTT • 111
“winner,
Though never an international Grand Prix
the CRTT was a successful national
specifications
1967 CRTT
• engine Air-cooled, overhead-valve,
level racer—at least until eclipsed by more
”
horizontal single
powerful Japanese two-strokes. Rev counter • capacity 248cc
• power output 35bhp @ 10,000rpm
• transmission Five-speed, chain drive
• frame Tubular spine
Fuel filler-cap Steering damper
swingarm rear
Elongated Rev-counter • weight 245lb (111kg)
fiberglass cable • top speed 115mph (185km/h)
fuel tank
Brake cable
splitting box
Fork gaiter Italian Ceriani telescopic

forks and front brakes were
the best available
components of the period
Brake cable
Dell’Orto
carburetor
Short-stroke
engine was
an option
Horizontal engine
cooling fins
Magneto cover and other

engine casings are sand-cast
magnesium alloy on these Flanged alloy Twin leading-shoe
Italian-built race bikes wheel rim front drum brake
1975 250SS
I n the mid-1970s harley released a range of modern-looking
single-cylinder two-strokes built in Italy at the Aermacchi factory.
These replaced its ageing line-up which included the four-stroke Sprint
1975 250SS
The 250SS and its smaller siblings had
brief production runs as Harley-
Davidsons, but continued under another
(see pp.106–07). Offered in both street (SS) and trail (SX) styles, the name after Harley sold Aermacchi in
bikes came in 125 and 175cc variants from 1974, and a 250cc model from 1978. The factory and production rights
1975. The 250 may have looked a neat bike, but once again it couldn’t were bought by Cagiva, which went on
to acquire the famous Ducati and MV
match the strong Japanese competition of the time. The SX had some
Agusta marques. This was not before the
success and was produced until 1978, but only 1,417 SSs were sold in company achieved considerable success
1976 and this model was dropped soon after its release. Along with the with the lightweight two-strokes that it
whole Aermacchi subsidiary, which Harley decided to relinquish in 1978. acquired from Harley-Davidson.
Tubular Battery
Streamlined tail- Dual seat cradle frame housing
light mounting
Rear
mudguard
18-in (46-cm)
rear wheel
Snail cam
chain adjusters
allow simple
chain-tension
adjustment
Conical rear hub Rear brake pedal

design gives maximum
strength with Chrome
minimum weight exhaust cover Two-stroke engine
1975 250SS • 113
Separate oil tank

Rearview is in the top tube
mirror of the frame specifications
1975 250SS
Speedometer
and tachometer • engine Two-stroke, single-cylinder
• capacity 243cc
Clutch lever • power output Unknown
Styling contained a • transmission Five-speed,
hint of traditional chain drive
Harley, but the result • frame Tubular cradle
was mainly a clean
1970s lightweight look • suspension Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
Fuel filler-cap for • top speed 85mph (137km/h)
24⁄5-gallon (10.6-
liter) fuel tank
Headlight
switch
“toTheupdate250SSits Sprint
was Harley’s attempt
range but was
a commercial failure due to the
high quality of contemporary
Betor
front fork
Japanese bikes of the same size.
”
19-in (48-cm)
front wheel
Brake cable
Safety
reflector
Exhaust
retaining
spring
Speedo
cable
Dell’Orto
carburetor
51⁄3-in (13.5-cm) leading-

Five-speed shoe drum brake; later Chromed
gearbox models had disc brakes steel rim
1976 RR250 specifications

1976 RR250
M ost traditional Harley riders may not realize that the

company won a string of World Championships in the mid-
1970s, and if they do they probably don’t really care. The bikes
•
•
•
•
engine Two-stroke twin-cylinder
capacity 246cc
power output 53bhp
transmission Six-speed, chain drive
that gave Harley the titles were as far removed from the traditional • frame Tubular cradle
V-twin as it’s possible to get. These high-revving two-stroke twins swingarm rear
were developed in Italy to take on the Japanese manufacturers in • weight 240lb (109kg)
international road-racing championships. Ridden by Italian ace Walter • top speed 140mph (225km/h)
Villa, the twins won three straight 250cc World Championships in

1975, 1976, and 1977, and a 350cc version also took that title in 1977.
Knee cutout
Aerodynamic Molded racing seat
seat hump
Ignition coil
Rear shock-
absorber mounting
Rear shock-
absorber
Box section
swingarm
Fuel tap
Tubular
cradle frame
Twin leading-shoe Eccentric swingarm Right-foot gear-

rear drum brake is mountings provide change with Exposed
cable-operated chain adjustment reversed lever dry clutch
1976 RR250 • 115
Bare essentials
1976 RR250 Racing machines have minimal
The RR250 was a production version of the bike instrumentation, allowing
that won four World Championships for Villa. The Water the rider to concentrate
two-stroke twin dominated racing in the 125, 250, temperature on the job in hand, and the
and 350cc classes at that time, though in most gauge RR250 is no exception. The
cases the bikes had a Yamaha sticker. When large, white-faced rev-counter
Kawasaki developed its disc-valve racers in the late gives all the information needed to
time gear-changes to perfection.
1970s, however, the RR250 was soon outclassed. Rev-counter
mounting isolates
the instrument
Large-capacity fuel tank; from vibration Rear shock
two-stroke racers are not absorber
noted for their economy
Fuel filler-cap Racing

handlebars
Footrest
Exhaust
pipe
Fairing
support Road-racing
bracket grooves in tire
Ceriani
telescopic fork Lightweight
mudguard
Borrani alloy
wheel rims
are flanged for
extra strength
Large-
capacity
radiator
Water-cooled
cylinder jacket
Expansion chamber exhaust

pipe allows the two-stroke
engine to realize its full power
18-in (46-cm)
Water-pump casing also Scarab front Dunlop racing
conceals the tachometer drive brake caliper tire
CHAPTER SIX
S portSterS 1952–2010
1972 XRTT RACER
The Harley-Davidson Sportster

is the motorcycle in its purest form—just a
handsome V-twin engine, a minimalist chassis,
wheels, handlebars, and a fuel tank. It represents
the true experience of motorcycling, a visceral
embodiment of the things that make us love
motorcycles. The Sportster is the longest-
running production motorcycle in the world,
having been around since 1957. In that time it
has been uprated and improved without altering
the essential ingredients that make it what it is.
Racing PedigRee
Harley Sportsters have been winning races ever since
their introduction, with bikes ranging from the KRTT to the
XR750 taking the honors on tracks all over the world.
1952 Model K Rubber-mounted

“buckhorn” style
handlebars
I n the early 1950s American motorcylists wanted more

from their motorcycles. They were buying faster, better
handling and better looking British imports rather than
Single
mirror
Ignition and
Harley’s traditional 45cu. in. V-twins. In 1952 Harley hit light-switch
back with the K model, its first significant new machine mounting
since the Knucklehead of 1936 (see pp.78–79).

While the bike incorporated several novel
features on a 45cu. in. side-valve block, it still
could not match the performance of the smaller-
capacity British machines. Increasing capacity
to 54cu. in. on the KH in 1954 helped, but
there was only so much that could be done with
the side-valve layout. The solution came in the
form of the OHV XL Sportster (see pp.120–21).
Hydraulically damped Large-diameter

telescopic forks with headlight with
chrome shrouds chrome shell
Painted steel
mudguard
1952 Model K
Innovations on the K included an engine
and gearbox as one unit, swingarm rear
suspension on the cradle frame, and
8-in (20-cm) telescopic forks. The British style of hand
diameter clutch and right foot-shift replaced Harley’s
drum brake usual foot clutch and hand gear-change.
1952 MODEL K • 119
Brake lever Clutch

specifications now mounted operated by
1952 Model K on the right lever on
handlebar
• engine Side-valve, V-twin
•
•
chain drive
“Sportster
The forerunner of Harley’s
series, the Model K Panniers came as
part of a Harley
• frame Tubular cradle was nevertheless an accessory group
”
swingarm rear underpowered bike. for the Model K

• top speed 85mph
(136km/h) (est.) Crash bar was an
optional fitting Air horn
41⁄2-gallon Battery case with access Classic Harley design

(20.5-liter) door; the oil tank is on While the K model was not in itself a
fuel tank Cast-alloy the other side Saddle incorporates great success, its styling has been used on
cylinder head sprung seat-post despite Harley-Davidsons ever since; note the
the bike also having striking visual similarities between this
swingarm rear suspension bike and the 1999 model 1200 Sportster
(see pp.134–35).
Swingarm rear Taillight

suspension
Rear brake Passenger

pedal footrest
19-in (48-cm) wheel is

Alloy primary higher and narrower than Cast-iron rear
drive case on previous models drum brake
1957 XL specifications
1957 XL
H arley finally fitted overhead cylinder heads to its smaller V-

twin in 1957 to create the Sportster, a model that was to become
one of the longest surviving production motorcycles in the world. The
•
•
•
•
transmission Four-speed, chain drive
Sportster combined the good looks of the earlier K (see pp.118–19) • frame Tubular cradle
and KH models with enough power to match the performance of swingarm rear
contemporary imported bikes. Although capacity remained at 54cu. in., • weight 463lb (210kg)
the same as for the KH, the larger bore and shorter stroke resulted in • top speed 92mph (148km/h) (est.)
increased horsepower. It meant that American buyers could now invest

in a domestic product without suffering the indignity of being blown
1957 XL
away by their Triumph- and BSA-mounted friends. As with the bigger When the Sportster was introduced it
twins, the factory offered a variety of accessories including the was intended for touring riders as well
windshields, racks, panniers, crash bars, and spotlights fitted to this 1957 as those for whom performance was
important. As a result, panniers and racks
model. Other owners went the opposite way and stripped superfluous were included as factory extras, to allow
parts off their machines to improve both looks and performance. Sportster riders to dress up their bikes.
Optional panniers and luggage Sprung saddle Tank holds 3⁄4 gallon 42⁄5-gallon (16.6-liter) fuel
rack were available for those who (2.8 liters) of oil tank with two-tone finish
The license plate wanted to tour on their Sportster
mounted above the
rear light remains a
Harley feature
Circular
taillight
18-in
(46-cm) wheel
Bicycle-style pedal
Two-into-one exhaust on kick-start
system exits through a Four-speed
simple muffler Swingarm rear suspension gearbox
1957 XL • 121
The Sportster look

Windshield was a The classic Sportster look developed from these
Harley-Davidson early models when an optional 21⁄4-gallon
optional extra (8.5-liter) “peanut” fuel tank was introduced
Rearview on XLC Sportsters in 1958. Once that was
mirror in place, the look remained the
same up to this present day.
Blue-tinted lower
windshield section
“Sportster,
The XL was the first true Harley
with overhead-valves
providing the power and revised
styling providing the looks to compete
with the British competition.
”
Speedometer is
Round plastic mounted in the
tank emblem was metal fork shroud
only used in 1957
Additional
passing light
When the Sportster range

was expanded in 1958, the
XLC featured cut-down
mudguards and no lights
Optional
crash bar
Trumpet
horn
Chromed
spokes and
wheel rims
Ribbed
front tire
Two-into-one Iron cylinder

exhaust system head and barrel; Single, leading-
alloy heads were shoe drum brake
British-style not fitted until engaged by lever
right footshift the 1980s on right handlebar
1961 KRTT Rev-counter Large fuel

tank for long-
distance races
A long with the introduction of the new K-series road

bike in 1952 (see pp.118–19) Harley-Davidson also
released a racing version, designated the KR. The bike’s
engine had all the tweaks you would expect in a competition
power unit, while looking externally similar to the K.
There were big valves, racing cams, and new bearings,
as well as reshaped ports and a revised cylinder
head. Riders like Brad Andres, Joe Leonard,
Carroll Resweber, George Roeder, and Roger
Reiman achieved many wins on the side-valve
KR racers in the 1950s and 1960s. Because of
the variety of track surfaces and conditions
found in American racing, both sprung and
rigid versions of the KR’s frame were produced.
Telescopic forks are based on

Alloy wheel rim is those used on the road-going
lighter and stronger Sportster and K-series machines
than the usual
steel examples
Clip-on
handlebar
is used on
long straights
to reduce drag
Magneto
Tubular
frame
cradle
1961 KRTT
The basic KR was intended for dirt-track racing
and so did not come equipped with brakes or
suspension. This TT version had both and was
ridden to victory at Daytona in 1961 by Roger
Ventilated Reiman at the first 200-mile (322-km) race to
brake drum be held at the new banked oval track.
1961 KRTT • 123
Side-valve success
Wide bars for While the standard road-going specifications
dirt-track racing K-series was discontinued for 1961 KRTT
1957, the racing KRs had
continued success with this engine • engine Side-valve, V-twin
Number 55 was layout until the late 1960s. • capacity 45cu. in. (750cc)
Roger Reiman’s • power output 50bhp
race number at • transmission Four-speed,
Daytona in 1961 chain drive
Air filter
rear swingarm
Tank breather-pipe
“ofDespite
the limitations • top speed 125mph (233km/h)
the side-valve layout,
Simple saddle is still
sprung despite the rear the KR racers continued
suspension now fitted Harley’s tradition of
”
to Harley bikes
success on the race track. Race number plate
Cut-down alloy
mudguard
Brake pedal has been

drilled to reduce the Mudguard
bike’s weight support
Pressed-steel Tire is screwed to the Block tread

primary drive cover rim for added security race tire
1972 XRTT specifications

1972 XRTT
R oad-racing was a rarity in America in the 1960s. Most racing

action was on the dirt tracks for which the XR and KR models
were conceived, but Harley decided to build a road-race version of the
•
•
•
•
XR. Unlike the flat-track bike, it was fitted with a front brake and a chain drive
large-diameter four-leading shoe drum, which was combined with a • suspension Telescopic front forks,
rear disc as on the dirt bike. Most machines had the disc-drum swingarm rear
combination the other way around. Although the XRTT was a useful • top speed 130mph
machine, its success was in the most part due to its most famous rider, (209km/h) (est.)
Cal Rayborn, who often beat machines of greater power on this XRTT.
Aerodynamic Special frame Knee cutout
seat hump allows lower allows aerodynamic
reduces drag seat height riding position
Oil tank
is under
rider’s seat
Rear disc brake

as used on
flat-track bike
Reversed gearshift has upside-

down pattern change, with
up for down and down for up
18-in (46-cm) rear Carburetors run Short racing exhaust is positioned

wheel with lightweight without air cleaners high on the bike to improve
flanged alloy rim to increase power cornering clearance
1972 XRTT • 125
1972 XRTT Classic chassis

The XRTT chassis was derived
Differences on the TT models from the dirt- from that used earlier on the
track bikes included a modified frame, a larger Bikini fairing K-series road racers (see
capacity fuel tank, and an aerodynamic seat and pp.122–23). These frames
fairing. Despite Cal Rayborn’s notable efforts, continued to give service
these road-race versions of the XR did not have until the early 1980s, when they
as much success as the Polished alloy were used on Harley’s “Battle
fork yoke of the Twins” racer.
dirt-track models.
Rider’s chin-rest pad

Aerodynamic
Centrally mounted front fairing
rev-counter is the
bike’s only instrument
Exhaust
from rear
cylinder
Underslung
rear brake
caliper
Front
cylinder
Brake cable exhaust
pipe
Ribbed pattern
racing tire
Clip-on handlebars
clamp directly onto
the fork leg
Cerani four leading-

Fairing painted in shoe drum brake with Tire is screwed
Harley-Davidson huge ventilation to the rim for
racing colors slots to aid cooling added security
1978 XLCR specifications

1978 XLCR
I n 1977 Harley introduced a new variation of the Sportster. The

XLCR—it can’t have been an accident that it sounded like “excelsior”
—was designed by Willie G. Davidson, and the CR stood for café racer.
•
•
•
•
power output 55bhp
Harley’s model was a blend of 1960s café racer—a name given to stripped, chain drive
road-going hot rods used for blasting from bar to bar —with some of the • suspension Telescopic front
styling cues of the XR flat-track racers. The frame and the exhaust pipes forks, box-section swingarm rear
were new and would be used on the rest of the Sportster range the following • top speed 105mph (169km/h)
year, but the engine was a stock XL1000. The really important stuff was
the bodywork and the black finish. The XLCR looked great, but never sold
in the numbers that were hoped for and was dropped after only two years. 4-gallon
Battery (15-liter)
Triangulated frame Solo seat; a dual housing fuel tank
Fiberglass section derived seat was also cover
tailpiece/ from the XR750 available in 1978
mudguard
Rear drive
sprocket
Brake pedal
Rear shock Rear-set Redesigned rear frame allows

absorber footrest and the oil tank (on other side of
mounting placed brake pedal linkage the battery) to be tucked in
close to axle
1978 XLCR • 127
1978 XLCR A funked-up XL

One of the reasons behind the bike’s Tinted Differences from the stock XL on which
windshield it was based included positioning the
failure was that there was not enough seat further backward and lowering the
stock to meet demand that had height of the handlebars. The rear
been generated by the prerelease section of the frame was derived from
publicity. Now, however, the small that used on the XR750 dirt-track bikes
amount of numbers produced— (see pp.128–29).
about 3,200—means that this is Sculpted
something of a collector’s item. Drag-style fuel tank
straight
handlebars
“Bar and shield”
logo first
Rear shock
used in 1910
absorber
Headlight
contained
in fairing
Fold-up
Bikini footrest
fairing
Chromed 18-in (46-cm)

suspension rear wheel
shroud
Shortened
racing
mudguard
Oil cooler
Wrinkle
finish black
engine paint
Speedometer
cable
Exhaust
retaining
“Siamese” clamp Morris 19-in
twin exhaust (48-cm) seven- Kelsey-Hayes
system spoke alloy wheel twin front
disc brakes
1980 XR750 specifications

1980 XR750
T he harley-DaviDson Xr750 is the most successful competition

bike ever produced, though for many it’s more famous as the bike
that jump hero Evel Knievel used for his stunts. The early bikes were
•
•
•
•
capacity 45cu. in (748cc)
introduced in 1970 with iron barrels and heads that failed miserably, chain drive
so a revised alloy engined version of the bike was introduced two • suspension Telescopic front forks,
years later. For the first time on a production Harley V-twin, the rear swingarm rear
cylinder had a forward-facing exhaust and rear-facing inlet port. The • top speed 115mph (185km/h) (est.)
bike won the AMA Grand National Championship in its first year
and, upgraded and improved over time, it is still winning races
more than a quarter of a century later. Alloy oil tank 21⁄2-gallon (9.5-liter)
is retained tank holds just enough
with springs fuel to last a race
Lightweight
fiberglass
mudguard
and seat base
Rear shock-
absorber
Large air filter

prevents dust from
entering the engine
Alloy drive sprocket Gear-change lever is

Dirt-track can be easily changed seldom used once
racing tire to alter the gearing races are underway
1980 XR750 • 129
Spot the difference Large racing seat

Wide handlebars The first XR750 was a comparative failure.
provide extra This bike is one of the iron-engined machines
leverage produced from 1970–71 that used the same
Fuel Harley layout of carbs and
filler-cap exhaust on the same side.
High ground clearance

is essential for all dirt-
track bikes
Steering
“racing
lock stop
The XR750 is a Harley-Davidson
classic, made famous by the
exploits of Evel Knievel and acknowledged
as one of the best dirt-track race
Lightweight
telescopic
fork
bikes ever produced.
”
Standard Harley Alloy
frame was replaced by wheel rim
most tuners seeking a
performance edge
Alloy
cylinder
and head
Fins on the
cylinder barrel
help to disperse heat
1980 XR750
Compare the engine to that of a Sportster
(see pp.126–27) and the origins of the bottom half
are obvious. However, the all-alloy top end, with rear
racing carburetors, was unique. The crankshaft was Lightweight
different too and the 750cc capacity was achieved with front hub
a bore of 3.125 inches and a stroke of 2.98 inches. with no brake
1984 XR1000 specifications

1984 XR1000
I t seemed obvious. Harley’s XR750 (see pp.128–29) was cleaning up

in dirt-track racing, so why not offer a limited run of road-going
examples? In 1983 Harley produced the XR1000. They put the alloy
6,000rpm
heads and twin Dell’Orto carburetors from the XR750 onto the bottom • transmission Four-speed, chain drive
half of an XL1000 engine. The engine itself was put into a standard • suspension Telescopic front forks,
XLX chassis. The result was an engine that put out 10 percent more swingarm rear
• weight 470lb (213kg) (est.)
power than the stock Sportster in standard trim, though many owners • top speed 120mph
tuned the bike even more. The result was the fastest production bike (193km/h) (est.)
Harley ever made, but buyers were not impressed—it looked almost
identical to the cheapest bike in the line while costing a great deal
more. The XR1000 didn’t sell, but the bike is now a collector’s piece. Non-standard Classic Sportster fuel
Corbin seat; the XR tank holds 21⁄4
was supplied with a gallons (8.3 liters)
Alloy mudguard Oil tank solo saddle only
support
Rear light
Passenger Air filter

footrest
16-in (41-cm)
nine-spoke Box section Rear brake
alloy rear wheel steel swingarm master cylinder
1984 XR1000 • 131
Front brake Race success

Rearview master cylinder Speedometer In 1984, Gene Church won the Battle
mirror and rev-counter of the Twins race at Daytona on a
heavily tuned 112bhp XR1000,
retaining his title for the next two years.
Headlight
Low eyebrow
handlebars
High-level exhaust pipes

mounted on the left-hand side
“ Successes on the race track brought

the XR’s potential to the public’s
Telescopic attention, to the point where
”
front fork
it is now seen as a classic Harley.
Though this model is painted Slim mudguard and other

slate-gray, Harley’s orange and components taken from
black racing livery was optional the base XLX model
for 1984
19-in (48-cm)
nine-spoke alloy
Cast-iron front wheel
cylinders are
topped by
alloy heads
Safety
reflector
Generator
mounting
New brake
caliper design
1984 XR1000
There was massive initial interest in the XR1000,
but speed-hungry buyers expecting a new breed of
Harley were disappointed. Only the few who
bought the $1,000 bhp-doubling tuning kit saw
10-in
the bike’s real potential. Some people maintain (25-cm) front
that the XR1000 is the best bike Harley ever built. brake discs
1987 XLH883 specifications

1987 XLH883
H arley needed help in the mid-1980s. It wanted to lure new

customers who would resist the suspect reliability and high
maintenance of a traditional Harley, but would still want the image. In
• engine Overhead-valve,
V-twin
7,000rpm
addition, the company was required to meet strict new emission and • transmission Five-speed,
noise laws. The end result was the “Evo” Sportster. It looked chain drive
and sounded (once you’d taken the baffles out of the mufflers) just
like an old Sportster, the difference being that the all-new engine swingarm rear
was cheap and reliable. Introduced for 1986, the XLH had an 883cc • weight 470lb (213kg)
block with alloy barrels and heads. Larger 1100cc and 1200cc units
followed soon after, as did belt final-drive and a five-speed box.
A competitively low price tag on this base model helped attract a
whole new group of buyers who wanted to sample the Harley legend. Aftermarket seat
License plate Oil tank for dry sump Alloy rocker

mounted above lubrication system cover
the rear light
Rear
light
1987 XLH883
16-in (41-cm) The XLH helped pull Harley-Davidson out
rear wheel
of trouble at a time when it was losing vast
amounts of money. Its combination of quiet
Dual exhaust system Evolution engine, reliability, classic design,
with twin mufflers and cheap price made it an immediate success.
1987 XLH883 • 133
Rearview mirror No fancy details on Wide-bladed

the instrument dial, control lever
just a speedometer
Traditional
Sportster
handlebars
The 883cc engine Clean lines
capacity was a return to As well as the impressive
the Sportster’s original new engine, the bike’s
21⁄2-gallon 1957 engine size simplicity was one of its
(10-liter) main selling points. The
“peanut” single instrument dial, plain
fuel tank paint job, and small tank
all made for a neat-looking
machine that found favor
Braced with tens of thousands of
steering new Harley buyers.
head
Alloy fork
slider Narrow build and low
seat height made the
Sportster appealing to
Throttle cable novice riders
Safety
reflector
Single 111⁄2-in
(29-cm) front
disc brake
New federal noise

regulations were
satisfied by adding a
balance tube between
the twin exhaust pipes
The large “ham can” air filter was This model has traditional
first introduced on the Sportster wire wheels, but cast
in 1966 and still gets in the way spoked wheels were offered Chrome
of the rider’s right leg as an optional extra wheel rim
1999 XL1200S
T hough the SportSter engine has been through various guises
and capacities over the years, it has always remained true to its
original layout. In a sense, the XL1200S harks back to the XLCH
1999 XL1200S
When the 1200 Sport was originally
released in 1996, it was the first road-
going Harley to feature adjustable sporting
Sportster of the late 1950s and early 1960s, a bare-boned bike intended suspension. Other additions such as the
for fast fun. A 1200cc version of the alloy Evolution engine (see 13-spoke wheels and twin-plug heads
turned this into Harley-Davidson’s most
pp.144–45) was introduced in 1988, and 11 years later it has received adventurous model. Three years on, the
only detail changes. The Sportster Sport has upgraded suspension and minimalist 1999 bike is arguably the most
improved power output over the basic model to justify its S designation. stylish and competent Sportster that
Harley has ever made.
In addition, the engine is equipped with twin-plug heads and has
increased compression and revised camshafts in comparison with the
31⁄3-gallon (12.5-liter)
base model. There’s no doubt that the XL1200S is a true return to form. fuel tank larger than
on previous Sportsters
Gas reservoir rear shock
absorber is adjustable for Low profile seat
pre-load and damping
Oil tank filler-cap
Taillight
16-in
(41-cm)
spoked alloy
rear wheel
Large-
diameter
sports
muffler
Brake master
Belt drive-pulley; cylinder
belt final drive has
been used on Dual exhaust Five-speed
Belt drive pulley Sportsters since 1991 system gearbox
1999 XL1200S • 135
Rearview mirror
specifications
1999 XL1200S
Twin
instrument • engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
dials • capacity 73cu. in. (1200cc)
“V” tank graphic • power output 69bhp
detail harks • transmission Five-speed,
back to the belt drive
early 1960s Headlight
peak
• suspension Adjustable telescopic
front forks, swingarm rear with
gas shocks
Head shock • weight 692lb (314kg)
Ignition lock “ Thetradition

XL1200S continues Harley’s
of innovation in its
Sportster range by incorporating
twin plugs in its cylinder
heads and a fully adjustable
Adjustable
front fork
suspension system.
”
Pressed-steel
mudguard
Cylinder head
incorporates
twin-spark
plug ignition
system
Dual-piston
brake caliper
19-in
(48-cm) tire
Engine
mounting Exhaust 13-spoke Drilled brake
point downtube alloy wheel discs
2003 XL883R
H arley’s long history of flat-track racing success has never
been a rich seam of inspiration for production models. The
XLCR (see pp.126–27) and XR1000 (see pp.130–31) were both
2003 XL883R
The six-model Sportster range is derived
from one frame, two engines, a couple
of different fuel tanks, and a variety of
influenced by the all-conquering XR750 (see pp.128–29), but neither handlebar shapes and color schemes. Yet
was a commercial success. In 2002 the factory tried again with the the different models can feel markedly
different. The 883 is seen as an entry-
883R. The new model was little more than a pared-down version of the level model, but the racetrack credibility
base model Sportster fitted with black cowhorn handlebars and a two- of the orange and black livery—it is
into-one exhaust. Despite the limited modifications, it was an inspired inspired by factory racers—helps make
the R version attractive to flat-track fans.
addition to the range. Compared to many modern machines, the
883R’s handling is unrefined, but it is a hugely involving bike to ride in
31⁄3-gallon (12.5-liter) fuel tank
town, or on country roads where its limited performance isn’t an issue. allows an uninterrupted ride of
over 150 miles (240 km).
Single rear shock
absorber is adjustable
for preload only Stepped dual seat provides
a level of back support
Taillight
16-in
(41-cm) rear
wheel
Drive belt
pulley
Oil filler-cap
Large-
diameter Satin black Curved two-into-
sports silencer oil tank one exhaust system
2003 XL883R • 137
Short-stem rear- specifications

Fuel view mirror 2003 XL883R
filler-cap
Centrally mounted • engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
speedometer • capacity 54cu. in. (883cc)
• transmission Five-speed,
belt drive
“Bullet”-style swingarm rear
indicator • weight 540lb (245kg) (dry, claimed)
29.6° steering
head
“ In a world bored by retro-kitsch,
this is the real deal—not some new-
VW Beetle pastiche of an old design.
Fork shroud
This is a new design.
”
Safety reflector
Four-piston front
brake caliper
Air filter
Chromed exhaust 19-in (48-cm) Twin drilled

downtube front wheel 111⁄2-in (29-cm)
brake discs
2010 XR1200X specifications

2010 XR1200X
H arley’s
XR750 is an iconic race bike that has dominated
American dirt track racing since 1972. However, Harley were
never able to effectively translate the image of the XR to a road bike.
•
•
•
•
capacity 1250cc
transmission Five-speed, belt drive
They attempted this in 2008 when the XR1200, a more aggressive • frame Tubular cradle
• suspension Telescopic fork front,
version of the Sportster, was introduced. The new bike was originally swingarm rear
intended for European markets, though it was subsequently sold in • weight 412lb (187kg)
America too. Based on the 1200 Sportster, the XR1200 featured a • top speed 125mph (201km/h)
tuned engine, uprated suspension, improved brakes, and sports tires.

Rack and Seat echos styling
backrest are of XR750 Oil-cooled
factory options cylinder heads
Oil tank
Rear suspension
units have
adjustable damping
Twin exhausts
echo styling of
XR750 racers
17-inch (43-cm) Raised footrests

rear wheel Alloy swingarms give improved
cornering
clearance
2010 XR1200X • 139
Mirrors have XR1200X

unobtrusive For 2010 an X was added to the model number of the
black finish XR1200. The bike was fitted with better quality suspension
and offered with a black paint finish. Showa multi-
adjustable suspension featured remote reservoir “piggy
back” shock absorbers and “upside down” forks
for greater chassis rigidity.
Analog revcounter is
3½-gallon (13.25- centrally mounted, with
liter) fuel tank smaller digital speedo to
one side
“ In the Sportster’s half century of

history, the fastest and best-handling
version of the model that Harley ever
built was the XR1200.
”
Showa
forks
Twin disc
brakes are
fitted
Vibration-
isolating front
engine mounting
Two-into-one- 18-inch
into-two exhaust Four-piston front (46-cm)
system brake calliper front wheel
CHAPTER SEVEN
Recent Big-twins 1987–2017
1999 FAT BOY
In the last quarter of the 20th century,

motorcycle designers were faced with a problem.
How do you meet strict new noise and emissions
regulations without hindering performance?
In addition, Harley-Davidson needed to appeal to
buyers who liked the idea of a bike that looked as
though it was designed three decades earlier, but
performed like a modern machine. The solution
was the 1984 Evolution and the 1998 Twin Cam.
New Lease of Life
Harley’s new improved engines may have looked like the old
ones, but they came with increased power and, more
importantly to enthusiasts, improved reliability.
1988 FLHS Electra Glide

T he FLhS waS a new derivative of the classic Electra Glide
introduced in 1987. At the heart of the bike was the 80cu. in.
Evolution engine and five-speed transmission that was first released
1988 FLHS ELEctra GLidE
The FLHS designation had been around
for a few years, with the first example
introduced for 1977 as a one-year-only
in 1984. Also present on the bike was belt final-drive, which became limited edition model. Harley then decided
to withdraw a sport edition of the Electra
common on Harleys from 1985. The FLHS was a return to the Glide for three years before returning as the
traditions of the earliest Electra Glides and was sold with no top box 1980 FLHS. This was carried through until
and a removable windshield. Though the “Sport” tag might have been the end of the Shovelhead engine in 1984
and a break of a couple of years ensued
stretching a point, the trimmed-down model certainly felt more agile before the FLHS returned as a sport version
than the fully encumbered standard of the new Evolution Electra Glide in 1987.
version. It also had the advantage
Passenger backrest
of being considerably cheaper. for added comfort
during long trips
Heavily padded
rider’s seat
License plate is Passenger
mounted above grab rail
the rear light in Oil tank
traditional Harley- Luggage rack
Davidson style
Large-capacity
lockable fiberglass
panniers have
lift-up lids
Circular
taillight
Safety
reflector
Large
muffler Single rear
disc brake
16-in (41-cm)
10-spoke cast- Split exhaust system
alloy wheel feeds mufflers on each Gearbox as a
side of the machine separate unit
1988 FLHS ELECTRA GLIDE • 143
Detachable windshield specifications

is one of the elements 1988 FLHS Electra Glide
that makes this a
Rearview mirror Sport version • engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
7,200rpm
• transmission Five-speed,
Brake fluid belt drive
reservoir • frame Tubular cradle
Chrome
headlight
twin rear shocks, swingarm rear
nacelle
Rubber • weight 692lb (314kg)
handlebar • top speed 100mph (161km/h)
grip
“Bar and shield”

tank logo
“The Electra Glide is the
most enigmatic of all Harley-
5-gallon
(19-liter)
Davidsons, the king of touring
fuel tank bikes and the undisputed
leader of the pack.
Fog lamp
”
Self-canceling turn
signals were new for 1988
Pressed-
steel front
mudguard
Crash bar
Dual front
Evolution Air filter disc brakes
cylinders Alloy fork
Footboard 18-in (46-cm) tire slider
The Evolution
ne million customers can’t be wrong. That is how many Evolution
O engines were built in its 15 years of production from 1984 to 1999.
The engine followed the traditional Harley format of a 45° air-cooled
V-twin with two overhead valves per cylinder, but it was more reliable
and more efficient than its predecessor, the venerable Shovelhead. The
Evolution gave Harley the chance to get on with developing new bikes
and new markets without having to worry about the engine. While the FLHS Electra Glide
The Evolution was used to power an increasingly
standard engine produced a restrained 69bhp, many owners were happy
broad range of machines that covered everything from

to make the bike noisier and more powerful. this traditional Electra Glide to the FLSTF Fat Boy.
Cylinders have Circular Air filter Three-piece alloy

a 3.5 x 4.25in air filter mounting bolt rocker cover conceals
bore and stroke hydraulic tappets
Carburetor
Alloy cylinders
ran more coolly
Exhaust port than the
with studs Shovelhead’s iron
for exhaust ones and so were
pipe fitting more efficient
Oil pump is in the Polished pushrod tubes are
traditional used to return oil from the
position at the rear head to the crankcase; oil is
of the timing case forced up to the heads through
the pushrods themselves
Camshaft is
mounted Hydraulic tappets are
beneath the situated in the blocks at the
center of the “V” base of the pushrod tubes
The alternator cover InsIde the evolutIon

also hides the trigger for The Evolution part of the engine
the electronic ignition
was really in the new cylinders,
heads, ignition, and carburation
systems, which were attached to a
lower end based on the last of the
This was the engine Shovelheads. Alloy cylinders,
“
that secured Harley’s future. improved combustion-chamber
It killed the poor reputation shape, and flat-topped pistons
made the Evo run more coolly and
that had developed during more efficiently than the Shovel.
the difficult AMF years. An improved carburetor and a
new “V-Fire III” electronic
John Warr
(Harley Dealer)
” ignition system also helped.
The Competition
• 1987 HONDA GL1500 GOLDWING •
In the six-cylinder GoldWing, Honda had a fierce Crankshaft and
competitor to Harley’s Evo bikes. More so as the ’Wing bottom end are
was made in Ohio and wore its “Made in America” the same as on
badge almost as proudly as the Milwaukee machines. the Shovelhead
Overnight the Evolution motor

“transformed Harley’s fortunes.
It came at just the right time,
worked faultlessly, and really
saved the Hog’s bacon. A high-quality touring bike
” The Evolution arrived on the scene at a time when touring was
John Warr
(Harley Dealer) a well-established part of motorcycle culture. Increased reliability,
more miles to the gallon, and reduced weight over the Shovelhead
meant the Evo was an ideal power plant for all types of touring.
THE EVOLUTION • 145
▼
THE EVOLUTION ERA _ 1984 TO 1999 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1989 FLTC Tour Glide specifications

1989 FLTC Tour Glide
B y contrast with the trimmed-down FLHS (see pp.142–43), the

FLTC represented the “fully loaded” end of the Electra Glide line.
Harley understood that it could offer a variety of models based on similar
7,200 rpm
ingredients to suit the needs of all its customers, and in the case of the • transmission Five-speed,
belt drive
FLTC—first introduced for the 1984 model year—the need was for • frame Tubular cradle
complete luxury. The fairing has twin headlamps and is frame-mounted • suspension Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
to improve the bike’s handling. The special two-tone paint finish • weight 732lb (332kg)
was used on the “Classic” (FLTC) model, but there • top speed 110mph (177km/h) (est.)
was also a slightly cheaper FLT version with a
single-color paint finish. Passenger armrest
Top box adds to the

already expansive
luggage capacity
Massive twin
headlights allow
safe night riding
Additional
side
reflectors
Self-
canceling
Footboard indicator
Muffler Oil tank

Sidecar companion
The FLTC was an ideal bike for a sidecar
and buyers could order one from Harley. White striping
Numbers were never high, however, with Rear disc on 18-in
15 produced in 1989 out of a total FLTC brake (46-cm) tire
production figure of 603.
1989 FLTC TOUR GLIDE • 147
“lineTheElectra
Smoked windshield
creates a calm pocket of FLTC was the top-of-the-
air for a relaxed ride
Glide, and included
features such as a 40-watt music
40-watt stereo
system; a CB radio system, twin headlights, and all the
came with the
“Ultra” package
luggage space you could want.
”
Handlebar-mounted 1989 FLTC Tour GLide CLassiC
controls can adjust The Tour Glide Classic was based on the
the stereo volume
FLT, which first appeared in 1980. This
significant new model had a revised
frame which incorporated a vibration-
Rocker cover badge isolated engine and a box-section
The sentiment expressed on this replacement
for the standard air filter—and also inscribed
spine, these features being
on the passenger footboard—is typical of the adopted by all Electra Glides
die-hard Harley-Davidson fanatic. from the mid-1980s. The
FLTC weighed over half a
ton when carrying two
riders and a full load.
Two-tone
paint finish
Deep-cushioned,
solidly mounted Fiberglass fairing
seat mounted to the frame
rather than the forks
to improve stability
Highway peg mounted

on safety bar where
rider can rest feet Safety
reflector
Folded-up Two-into- Five-speed Old-style Chrome

passenger one exhaust gearbox footboards add mudguard
footboard system to rider comfort trim Ten-spoke
alloy wheel
1989 FXR Super Glide

H arley’s super Glide was revised in 1982 with the introduction
of the FXR, the base model in an expanded line of Super Glide-
derived bikes. The FXR got an 80cu. in. engine, a new frame, and
1989 FXR SupeR Glide
Harley offered a range of factory-equipped
optional extras for the FXR that included
twin front disc-brakes, a solo seat, Sportster
many other changes, but it vanished in 1984 when the new Evolution fuel tanks, and spoked wheels. A tuning kit
engine appeared. It re-emerged in 1986 in a similar guise and was also available that boosted power
continued until 1994, when the Dyna-framed Super Glide (see output to over 80bhp. However, this
example has been given a number of
pp.154–55) replaced it. Though the bike has been modified over the
non-factory extras by its owner; note
years, the original Super Glide concept of a big-twin engine in a the handlebar tassles, the “slash-cut”
cruiser/custom chassis has remained constant. A good idea is timeless. mufflers, the windshield, and the panniers.
Passenger
backrest
“King and
queen” seat
“ofTheHarley’s
FXR was a continuation
successful Super
Glide theme of placing the
Nonstandard biggest V-twin engine of
”
Non-standard pannier
back rack and the line in a cruiser chassis.
“sissy” bar
Low, well-
padded saddle
Taillight
Rear
mudguard
16-in (41-cm)
rear wheel
The exhaust system

was based on that Belt final-drive was
used on the Sportster Rear disc added to the Super Five-speed
(see pp.132–33) brake Glide in 1987 gearbox
1989 FXR SUPER GLIDE • 149
Removable specifications
Brake master windshield was not 1989 FXR Super Glide
cylinder a standard feature
on the FXR • engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
“Buckhorn” • power output 58bhp @ 7,200rpm
handlebars • transmission Five-speed,
belt drive
Windshield is • frame Duplex cradle
height-adjustable
swingarm rear
Handlebar-
mounted turn
signal
“ When the Evolution engine

appeared in 1984 it transformed
Fork-mounted the Super Glide from just
tool pouch is a another touring bike into a
”
popular owner
addition real market-leader.
Safety reflector
Narrow front
mudguard
19-in (48-cm)
front wheel
Aftermarket
air cleaner
“Highway” foot
peg offers an
alternative leg
position on
long rides
Rubber engine
Exhaust mounts reduce Nine-spoke Single front
cross-pipe vibration alloy wheel disc brake
1997 FLHRI Road King specifications

1997 FLHRI Road King
B y the mid-1990s it was quite obvious that there wasn’t going to

be any significant “new idea” which had a Harley-Davidson badge
on the tank. Harley knew what its customers wanted, and it knew
• engine Overhead-valve, fuel-injected
•
•
V-twin
power output 69bhp
what it was good at building. Hence the regular reappearance of old • transmission Five-speed, belt drive
ideas such as the Road King, a middleweight tourer first introduced for • suspension Telescopic front forks,
the 1995 model year. This was a return to traditional values of the swingarm rear
Electra Glide in much the same way that the FLHS (see pp.142–43) • top speed 96mph (155km/h)
had been a decade earlier. The Road King combined improvements to
the Harley package—like electronic sequential port fuel injection on
the FLHRI—with the looks of the traditional Electra Glide such as 1997 FLHRI Road KIng
whitewall tires, spoked wheels, leather saddlebags, and plenty of The Evolution engine had been a success
since its introduction in 1984, but the
chrome. And with a price tag of about $15,000, Harley-Davidson Weber fuel-injection option available on
now had a bike to give the big Japanese tourers a run for their money. the FLHRI transformed it into a different
beast again. Economic on fuel, easy to start,
and lower exhaust emissions all added to a
Removable pillion seat new and improved riding experience.
Removable saddlebag is
made from leather
covering a hard shell Oil tank has 1-gallon
(3.8-liter) capacity
Rear turn
signal
Large muffler
Swingarm
Whitewall tire pivot
Passenger
Single rear footboard
Wire-spoked wheel disc brake (folded up)
1997 FLHRI ROAD KING • 151
Riding stance
Quick-detach The handlebars were positioned high and
windshield wide, which was good for short- to middle-
distance touring but not so practical for
longer trips. The bike’s narrow profile
and low center of
Electronic gravity did, however,
starter button provide enjoyable riding
on twisting roads.
Wide-bladed Passing lights are

handlebar lever now a traditional
feature of the
touring Harley
5-gallon
(19-liter)
fuel tank
Traditional
valanced Footboard
mudguard
Road King
mudguard
script
Footboard Chrome trim

Air filter cover
boasts that the 80cu. in. Evolution engine is
bike is fitted with positioned in rubber-mounting Dual front
fuel injection system to reduce vibration disc brakes
1999 FLSTF Fat Boy specifications

1999 FLSTF Fat Boy
H ardtails were motorcycles without rear suspension, a

customizing trend intended to give the rear of a machine a
cleaner look. In another example of Harley-Davidson being influenced
•
•
•
•
power output 83bhp
transmission Five-speed,
by the way its bikes were customized, the company introduced the belt drive
“Softail” in 1984. Harley wanted the clean look but didn’t want to • suspension Telescopic front forks,
inflict the discomfort of a solid chassis onto its riders, so the bike had swingarm rear
the look of a hardtail but with rear suspension units hidden under the • top speed 120mph (193km/h)
engine. The FLSTF Fat Boy, launched in 1990, was a further variation
on this idea, with solid disc wheels and a unique exhaust system
contributing to the Fat Boy look. The FLSTS Heritage Springer went 1999 FLSTF FaT Boy
even further by using the Springer forks that Harley had discontinued The solid disc wheels are the Fat Boy’s most
unusual feature, but solid covers for spoked
in 1949 when it introduced the Hydra-Glide (see pp.84–85). wheels have been seen on Harleys at
various times in the past, normally as an
Rear mudguard is almost aftermarket accessory. The distinctive
identical in style to that headlamp and fork panel was originally
on the Hydra-Glide on the Hydra-Glide (see pp.84–85).
Ultra-low contoured seat

Taillight is just 261⁄2in (67.3cm)
above road level
Rear disc
brake
Softail swingarm Low muffler hides the Passenger Chromed

has concealed horizontally mounted footrest oil tank
suspension units shock absorber
1999 FLSTF FAT BOY • 153
Wide-spaced
Wing mirror Handlebar- Front handlebars
mounted turn brake lever
signal
Electric starter
“ The Fat Boy’s unique styling
has made it the best-selling Harley
41⁄5-gallon
of the 1990s and the perfect Turn
signal
(15.9-liter) partner for Arnold Schwarzenegger
”
fuel tank
in the 1991 film Terminator II.
Footboard
Instrument
console
Chrome
headlight
Clean front
Placing the speedometer
and warning lights in
the dash on the fuel
tank gives the Fat Boy
Headlight is a very uncluttered
mounted to a metal front, which is part
panel on the forks of its appeal.
as on the 1948 FL
Two-tone Lazer
Red and black
Metal shrouds paint finish
conceal the
fork legs on the
FL-style front end
Safety
reflector
Footboard
Evolution engine was 16-in

Dual exhaust replaced by the Twin Cam (41-cm) alloy
system (see pp.156–57) on year disc wheel
Dunlop Elite
2000 Softail models
“fat” tire
1999 FXDX Super Glide specifications

1999 FXDX Super Glide
F or the new millennium, Harley figured that it needed a new,

more powerful, and more purposeful engine to replace the
Evolution power unit which had provided such good service since
•
•
•
•
transmission Five-speed, belt drive
1984. This being Harley, it didn’t want too much change all at once, • frame Tubular cradle
so the new Twin Cam engine (see pp.156–57) could be, and was, swingarm rear
slotted straight into the existing big-twin chassis. The new unit made • weight 615lb (279kg)
its debut in 1998 on selected 1999 models, including the Super Glide • top speed 110mph (177km/h)
Sport. Harley claimed a hefty 24-percent power increase—to a still

unspectacular 68bhp—for the new engine, largely as a result of an
1999 FXDX Super GliDe Sport
increase in revs and an increase in capacity to 88cu. in. However, the Harley first used a black engine finish on the
new power enabled the Super Glide Sport to hit solid three-figure top XLCR (see pp.126–27) back in 1977, and
speeds, and sustain them—an ability uncharacteristic for a Harley. although a black finish on engines and
exhausts helps to dissipate heat, its popularity
Sport version has a
is more for cosmetic reasons. The matt finish
slimmer seat than the on the FXD gives the engine a mean
base FXD model and purposeful look.
Battery case
Taillight
Ignition and
parking light switch
16-in (41-cm) wire- Nonstandard exhaust
spoked wheel with pipes release more
Dunlop Elite tire Single rear disc brake power and noise
1999 FXDX SUPER GLIDE • 155
Wing mirror Front brake lever

Electronic
speedometer and
rev-counter
Lower, black
handlebars Essential components
fitted on this The Super Glide is a no- Small-
Handlebar-
Sport model flab motorcycle unburdened diameter
mounted turn
with unnecessary features. headlight
signal
The front aspect is limited
to the essentials of the bike
and no more.
Chrome trimmed
Fuel filler-cap headlight Fork yoke
Fuel gauge
5-gallon
(18.57-liter)
fuel tank
Fork
28° steering head shroud
Footrest
Buyers could choose from
Aztec Orange Pearl,
Diamond Ice Pearl, or
Vivid Black paint finishes
Steering Lightweight
lock front mudguard
Safety
reflector
Front brake
caliper
Engine
mounting point
88cu. in. Twin Cam Chromed

engine with wrinkle exhaust Chrome Twin front
black paint finish downtube wheel rim disc brakes
The Twin Cam
radition dictated that Harley engineers would ignore
T overhead camshafts, multi-valve cylinder heads, and Connector
other innovations when designing a new engine for the next
millennium. And so it turned out. Though sophisticated fuel-
injection and ignition systems provide a nod to the future, the
1999 Twin Cam still relies on the trusty 45° overhead-valve
layout. The Twin Cam was a cleaner, more integrated design Power cable
than the Evolution engine that preceded it (see pp 144-45) and Chain-driven efficiency
it provided a platform for future development; engine capacity Removing the cam cover allows a view of the chain-drive
to the cams. Replacing the gear-drive used on earlier
grew from 88cu.in. to 96cu.in. and then 103cu.in. engines reduced noise and manufacturing costs.
The Twin Cam was put
through over 21⁄2 million
New aluminum cylinders have Two-piece Oval air-filter cover miles (4 million test
a shorter stroke and longer alloy rocker conceals the fuel- kilometers) before
bore than the Evolution cover injection system its release
Exhaust
port
Exhaust port
with stud
Polished for exhaust
pushrod tubes pipe fitting
Air-cooling fins; fin
area is increased by
The Twin Cam 88 is smooth, 50 percent compared
“powerful, to the Evolution engine
and very efficient.
It is truly an air-cooled V-twin
engine for the 21st century
and destined to become a Oil filter boss
classic among riders.
John Warr
”
(Harley Dealer)
Oil line Electrical

connection cable
Engine
Gearbox mounting
mounting face point
Inlet tract sensor Sleeker by deSign

Only 18 of the 450 component parts are
carried over from the previous Evolution
engine design, resulting in about ten
percent more torque. However, the 45°
V-twin format ensures there’s no
mistaking that it’s still a Harley-Davidson.
Pushrod tube
Rocker
cover
Competition Bike
Ignition • 1999 DUCATI MONSTER •
timing The Italian Ducati company uses the air-cooled two-
sensor valve V-twin layout to good effect on its Monster
Alloy crankcase line, which provides an alternative approach to
the nonsporting motorcycle.
Connector
We always walk a fine line between
Crankcase “
technical improvements and maintaining
the look, sound, and feel. The new
Electronic control
Twin Cam 88 is an example of how
Sophisticated electronics provide the Twin successfully we can do this.
Cam with supreme performance. Sensors
Power cable
supply information to the engine management Willie G. Davidson
”
system, which works out optimum fuel- (Vice-President of Styling, Harley Davidson Inc.)
injection settings for a given speed and load.
THE TWIN CAM • 157
▼
THE TWIN CAM ERA _ 1999 TO THE PRESENT 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
1999 FXDWG Wide Glide specifications

1999 FXDWG Wide Glide
T he Wide Glide is a chopper-style machine inspired by the bikes

featured in the film Easy Rider. With a huge customizing culture in
the US, the Wide Glide was intended to give buyers the chopper look
•
•
•
•
power output 79bhp
transmission Five-speed,
straight from the Harley-Davidson factory. The Wide Glide was an belt drive
immediate hit when it first appeared in 1980—the widened fork yokes • suspension Telescopic front forks,
giving the bike its name—and soon became an established part of the swingarm rear
Harley line. The Super Glide Dyna chassis is equipped with custom • top speed 120mph (193km/h)
features that all come as standard, and for 1999 the bike incorporated
the new 88cu. in. Twin Cam engine (see pp.156–57).
1999 FXDWG WiDe GliDe
The Dyna frame has a unique, computer-
Padded “King and queen” seat with designed engine mounting system that
passenger the pillion higher than the
uses flexible mountings and clever
backrest rider was another custom
feature adopted by the factory engineering to further reduce the effects of
“Bobbed” vibration on the motorcycle. The backbone
rear mudguard of the frame is a rectangular section which
is welded to a cast steering head.
Seat height is a modest

Rear turn
263⁄4in (67.95cm)
signal
16-in (41-cm) wire- “Staggered

spoked rear wheel shorty duals” Chrome Five-speed
with chrome rim exhaust system battery box gearbox
1999 FXDWG WIDE GLIDE • 159
High-rise
“Ape-hanger”
handlebars
“everThesince
Wide Glide has been updated
its introduction in 1980
and is now a true mix of classic
custom styling with the most
up-to-date Harley technology.
”
Handlebar controls The “sissy bar,” or
feature wide-bladed levers passenger backrest, was
and Harley’s unique self- intended to reassure
canceling turn signals nervous passengers
Chromed
speedometer
binnacle Custom-style
chrome headlight
with single
mounting point
Made in the USA badging

Harley customers around the world were getting a real
Widened fork
piece of Americana when they bought their motorcycle.
yokes give the
The company were happy to reassure them that they
bike its name
had made the right decision.
Optional
two-tone color 21-in (53-cm)
scheme front wheel with
skinny tire
Safety
reflector
Forward-
mounted foot
controls
“Dyna” frame
with vibration-
isolating engine
Chrome air filter mountings Single 111⁄2-in
displays the bike’s (29-cm) front Dunlop
88cu. in. capacity disc brake Elite tire
2003 FXSTB Night Train specifications
I
2003 FXSTB Night Train
ntroduced in 1997, this variant of the Softail frame featured a • engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
pared-down custom look, a low profile seat, and flat, drag-racing • capacity 88 cu. in. (1450cc)
• power output 69bhp (est.)
handlebars. Originally fitted with the 1340cc Evo engine, the Night • transmission Five-speed,
Train was given the 1450cc Twin Cam engine for the 2000 model belt drive
year. Harley-Davidson was quick to notice new trends among • suspension Telescopic front forks,
motorcycle customizers; the model reflected a move away from candy swingarm rear
paint finishes and exuberant use of chrome to a simpler appearance • weight 673lb (305kg)
and predominantly black finish. The Night Train represents typical
Harley policy of repackaging a variety of components in different ways
to create a large number of models around one engine, three types of
frames, and a raft of wheels, fuel tanks, handlebars, and seats. 2003 FXSTB NighT TraiN
Riding a Harley is an experience. “You roll
on the throttle and hear the engine roar,”
claims the marketing material for the Night
Taillight Low-profile seat
Train. “Before long, the same primal urge
that made cavemen go out and hunt
woolly mammoths overtakes you.”
Rear disc The reality may be less intriguing,
brake but it is certainly an
enjoyable ride.
Softail Passenger Twin Cam

“Staggered swingarm unit footrest engine
16-in (41-cm) shorty duals”
solid rear exhaust system
wheel
2003 FXSTB NIGHT TRAIN • 161
Classic styling
The slim rear view and considerable length of
the Night Train are classic Harley-Davidson
styling features. By mounting the instruments
Wing mirror in a tank-top console, the handlebars are kept
clear to give a better view of the small, Flat, drag-racing
custom-style chrome headlight. handlebars
51⁄4-gallon
(19.7-liter)
fuel tank
“Riser” Central instrument console Classic
handlebar incorporates speedometer, “bobber”-
mountings warning lights, and style rear
ignition switch mudguard
Small,
custom-style
headlight
Turn signal Chrome

silencer
Front brake
caliper
Lightweight
front mudguard
Hydraulic
brake hose
Forward control
rear brake pedal
The engine’s crinkle finish

contrasts with the deep gloss
black on the cycle parts
21-in (53-cm)
spoked front wheel
2010 FLHR Road King

T he fl range of machines can be traced all the way back to
the original FL of 1941, and the current Road King plays on
that heritage while also being a capable touring motorcycle for the
FLHR Road King
In 2009 the Road King and its more
luxurious stablemate, the Electra Glide,
were given all-new chassis, resulting in
21st century. A ride-by-wire throttle, combined with digital fuel better handling and superior ride quality.
injection, constantly balances performance, economy, and emissions. Improved engine mountings minimized
vibration without losing the looks and
At the same time, chassis improvements—a stiffer chassis with better riding character of the previous models,
suspension quality and improved geometry—means that the bike is while better brakes were a welcome
addition, and an anti-lock braking
easier to maneuver, and with a bike as big and heavy as this one, that system was also an option.
is a really important consideration.
Rack provides Chrome rocker

additional luggage One-piece dual seat covers
capacity
Passenger
footboards fold
when not in use
Panniers
have 2.26-
cu. ft (64-
liter)
capacity
Two-into-one-
16-in (40-cm) into-two exhaust
rear wheel system Six-speed
gearbox
FLHR ROAD KING • 163
Quickly detachable
windshield
specifications
2010 FLHR Road King
Speedo • engine Overhead-valve, V-twin
mounted in • capacity 96cu. in. (1584cc)
tank-top Compass • power output 68bhp
console (non-standard) • transmission Six-speed, belt-drive
swingarm rear
6-gallon (27- • top speed 115mph (185km/h)
liter) fuel tank
gives a range of
nearly 300 miles
(483 km)
Passing lights
Turn signals
Traditional deeply
valanced mudguard
28-spoke,
17-in (43-
cm) alloy
wheel
Air cleaner
96-cu. in. (1584-
cc) Twin Cam Four-piston
engine brake calipers
CHAPTER EIGHT
Revolution 1994–2020
2003 VRSCA V-ROD
Harley continued to develop tHe 45°

air-cooled oHv v-twin, but knew tHat if
significantly more power was required, more
sopHisticated power units were needed. in
1994 tHey debuted a racing macHine witH
a 60° liquid-cooled v-twin engine and four
valves per cylinder. tHe racer wasn’t a great
success, but tHe engine arcHitecture was used
across a series of new models, stretcHing
to tHe pan america of 2021.
A New DirectioN
The radical nature of the V-Rod was the result of Harley
responding to calls for significantly higher performance in
an age of increasing noise and pollution restrictions.
1994 VR1000 specifications

1994 VR1000
T here are probably several reasons why, in 1994, Harley

decided to develop a totally new race bike. Corporate pride,
the necessity to familiarize itself with new technology, and a desire
•
•
•
•
engine Dual overhead-cam, V-twin
transmission Six-speed, chain drive
to appeal to a new type of customer are among them. Whatever the • frame Twin-spar alloy
• suspension Inverted telescopic front
reasons, the VR1000 made its debut under the spotlight at America’s fork, single-shock rear
most prestigious road race—the 1994 Daytona 200-mile (322-km) • weight 355lb (161kg)
Superbike. However, it wasn’t a fairy-tale debut as the bike was off the • top speed 190mph (306km/h)
(Daytona gearing)
pace and then blew up. Five years on, the VR1000 had still to achieve
significant success despite swallowing large amounts of
money and development time.
Molded Tank cover and seat
racing unit are a single
seat lightweight structure
Lightweight
alloy muffler
Braced swingarm
Slick racing
tire provides
maximum grip
on dry tracks
Drilled
rear disc
brake
Exposed dry
clutch is
Alloy chassis is cable-operated
constructed with twin-spars
Underslung connecting the steering Two-into-one
brake caliper head to the swingarm pivot exhaust system
1994 VR1000 • 167
1994 VR1000 Rider’s gear

Limited numbers of the VR1000 were offered Quick-detach fairing The Harley-Davidson “bar and shield”
for sale to the public to comply with Superbike fasteners allow a logo features heavily on Rider Ron
replacement to be McGill’s leathers. Racing a VR1000
racing rules that stated that a number of
fitted during a race as a privateer was costly and most bikes
production versions of the competing bikes weren’t campaigned for a second season.
had to be produced. This was the fourth
bike off the production line and was
ridden to third position by Ron McGill
in the 1995 Bears Series. Fairing designed by
Willie G. Davidson
Quick-release strap for
removing the tank
cover and seat unit
Protective
racing
leathers
Racing
handlebars
Inverted “upside-down”
telescopic fork provides
maximum rigidity for
minimum weight
Lightweight
Marchesini
five-spoke
alloy wheel
Racing
tire
Front brake
caliper
Quick-release
couplings for
the fuel lines
Unique paint finish Large-diameter
features Harley’s traditional twin front
Braided steel pipes colors—orange on this side brake discs
lead to the oil cooler and black on the other
The V-Rod
o meet the demand for higher performance, Harley abandoned
T its traditional 45° overhead-valve design in favor of a 60° cylinder
configuration in 2001. Consultants at Porsche worked with Harley engineers
on the new V-Rod, with much of the technology originally developed for the
VR1000 (see pp.166–67). Liquid cooling, overhead valves, and twin camshafts Compact design
Because the engine and gearbox are designed and built as a single
in each head increased the power output. The “knife and fork” connecting rods, unit, the power plant is much more compact than those seen on
a feature of Harley V-twins since 1909, were replaced with side-by-side rods. previous models. The shorter unit allows space in the chassis for
the fuel tank to be positioned behind the engine.
Chrome-plated Cast alloy cylinder heads Chrome-plated horn

Camshaft end
cambox cover have fins for visual effect cover conceals the
blanking plate
fuel injection system
Camchain tunnel Cam chain

runs inside the tensioner
cylinder head
Cylinder barrels A shaft located between the

are integrated with “V” of the cylinders drives a
the upper crankcase water pump located on the
other side of the engine
Oil filler
Chrome-plated casing
conceals a compact
high output alternator
Painted alloy
crankcases are
horizontally split Up-to-date technology
The V-Rod uses modern technology in
manufacturing and design for optimum
performance within the constraints of
emissions and noise legislation, but also to
make the production process economic. Wet
sump lubrication, another unusual feature for a Harley,
Fuel injection
means that oil is retained at the bottom of the engine,
air inlet so there is no need for a separate oil tank.
Camshaft bearing cap

Up around 5,000rpm, where
Camshaft
“your air-cooled hog is getting
drive sprocket
Valve spring
flustered, the Rod takes on fresh
resolve. There’s real urge to be Camshaft
found from 6,000rpm on. Inlet port
Ben Miller (Bike Magazine)

”
Water pump
Competition Bike
•2003 YAMAHA ROAD WARRIOR•
Yamaha was also developing powerful cruisers at
the time the V-Rod was introduced. The Road Star
Warrior has an old-fashioned OHV engine that relies
on huge capacity (1675cc) for its considerable power.
Valve
Cylinder head
Clutch and gasket
primary
Engine mounting
drive gears Inside the cylinder head
Twin camshafts run in the alloy cylinder head and operate two inlet
Fuel injection system valves and two exhaust valves. The increased valve area compared
This cutaway drawing illustrates the V-Rod’s fuel injection system, to the two-valve engines allows higher speeds and greater power.
with twin vertical air inlet tracts positioned between the cylinder Harley claim that the V-Rod produces 115bhp, far more than the
heads at the center of the “V.” Evo (see pp.144–45) and Twin Cam (see pp.156–57) units.
THE V-ROD • 169
▼
THE V-ROD ERA _ 2001 TO THE PRESENT 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
2003 VRSCA V-Rod specifications
H
2003 VRSCA V-Rod
arley enthusiasts looking for more performance from their • engine Dual overhead-cam, V-twin
bikes were finally rewarded in 2001 with the introduction of • capacity 1130cc
a radical new machine. The V-Rod was that rare thing in the history (claimed)
of the Milwaukee giant—a new model owing nothing to earlier • transmission Five-speed, belt drive
• frame Tubular steel perimeter
machines. At the heart of the bike is an all-new 60° V-twin unit • suspension Telescopic
featuring overhead camshafts, four valves per cylinder, and water front forks, swingarm rear
cooling, all innovations on a Harley engine. The chassis is long and • weight 595lb (270kg) (claimed)
low, with drag-bike-inspired looks and a unique finish in brushed
and polished alloy. The V-Rod’s astonishing performance and radical
new look are exciting in themselves, but the promise they suggest for
a new generation of Harley-Davidson motorcycles is remarkable. 2003 VRSCA V-Rod
With almost double the power of existing
models, the V-Rod frame needed to be
stiffer than any previous Harley frame.
Brushed aluminum Upper frame rail is a single piece Seat unit lifts up to
Turn signal body panel of tubing with multiple curves expose the fuel-tank filler Large-diameter steel tubing is wrapped
around the engine in what Harley
calls a “perimeter” design,
so that the frame is a
styling component.
Rear shock Chrome-plated

absorbers have 4-gallon (15-liter) engine case
adjustable fuel tank
preload setting Dual exhaust
system
2003 VRSCA V-ROD • 171
Wing
mirror
Instrument
pod contains
tachometer,
speedometer,
and fuel gauge
Dummy tank
The VRSCA’s fuel tank cover is a dummy and
actually conceals the airbox. The real fuel tank is
positioned under the seat to lower the bike’s center of
gravity and contribute to its handling stability.
Distinctive
oval headlight
49mm
telescopic fork
Imposing rear view
The rear view of the V-Rod is dominated by the
180 section rear tire and the twin exhaust pipes,
which both exit on the same side of the bike.
Solid disc
aluminum
wheel
Twin front disc

brakes have
292mm discs and
four-piston
calipers
Cooling
radiators are
concealed in
Lower frame rail can be aluminum
unbolted to aid engine removal cowlings
2018 Street 750 specifications

2018 Street 750
I ntroduced for the 2015 season, the all-new Street

was aimed at new riders in established markets, and new
markets, too. More affordable than the long-established
•
•
•
•
engine 60° SOHC liquid-cooled V-twin
capacity 45.7 cu.in (749cc)
transmission 6-speed gearbox, belt drive
Sportster line, its smooth power characteristics, easy handling, • frame Tubular steel cradle
and low seat height all appealed to novice riders. The liquid- • suspension Telescopic fork, swingarm rear
cooled 60° V-twin engine, dubbed “Revolution X,” followed • top speed 110mph (177km/h)
a similar architecture to the bigger “Revolution”
unit used in the V-Rod models. It was available in two
sizes, 749 and 494cc, depending on the market in which
it was sold. From 2017 a Street Rod version with uprated Air filter feeds air to a
single fuel injector body,
suspension and mild engine tuning was also offered, until and its location is a nod
the whole Street line was discontinued in 2021. Seat height of just
28-in (71-cm) puts
to Harley tradition
the ground in easy

foot reach
Seven-spoke
rear wheel has The free revving 60° V-twin engine
15-in (38-cm) has 4 valves per cylinder, and a bore
rim with 140/55 Rear shock absorbers, and stroke of 85 x 66mm. Peak
section tire adjustable for preload power is delivered at 8,000rpm
2018 STREET 750 • 173
2018 Street 750

The simple silhouette of the Street, with its V-twin
engine and cruiser style, is closely based on the
established Harley-Davidson template, but was an
all-new machine built with an eye on cost. The low
seat appealed to less-confident riders, but experienced,
taller pilots found the riding position cramped.
Slim profile
Nacelle fairing is inspired makes for novice-
by the design used on the friendly ride
1977 XLCR
Two-into-one Belt
exhaust final-drive
Gas tank
holds 3.5 gallons
(13.1 liters)
Conventional telescopic
forks are replaced with
more substantial units on
the uprated Street Rod
version of the bike
Easy rider
Having a low seat and upright
riding position made the Street an easy
bike to maneuver, and ideal for
commuting in urban traffic.
12-in (30-cm) disc

brakes attached to front
Engine radiator sits ahead

of the frame downtubes,
behind a plastic shroud
Seven-spoke front wheel has 17-in

(43-cm) rim with 100/80 section tire
CHAPTER NINE
SportS BikeS 1986–2009
1994 S2-THUNDERBOLT
Just as Harley-Davidson aficionados believe

that the company build the finest bikes in the
world, those whose tastes don’t run to traditional
Harley-style cruisers dismiss them with as much
vigor. In order to engage with the sports bike
market, Harley bought a stake in a small
company called Buell in 1993, which was
making innovative Harley-engined machines.
Harley also developed its own new 1000cc race
bike. Sadly neither project ended well, with
Buell production ending in 2009.
Hitting tHe Open ROad
Harley-Davidson has traditionally been associated with
touring bikes and cruisers, but owners of Harley-powered Buells
were seeking performance and handling excellence too.
1986 Buell RR1000 specifications

1986 Buell RR1000
T he first rr1000 prototype was built in 1984 by Eric

Buell, a former Harley employee, as a commission from the
Vetter fairing company. Although Buell was still independent
•
•
•
•
capacity 61cu. in (998cc)
transmission Four-speed, chain drive
of Harley-Davidson at this point, the company would soon be • frame Chrome-moly, open-cradle space frame
incorporated into the Harley fold (see pp.178–79). The RR1000 • suspension Telescopic front forks,
swingarm rear
used an XR1000 engine (see pp.130–31) mounted on Buell’s • weight 390lb (177kg)
patented Uniplanar chassis, which restricted engine vibration • top speed 135mph (217km/h) (est.)
by using a system of rods, joints, and rubber mountings. Only

50 RR1000s were built before the supply of
XR1000 engines dried up. Molded knee
cutout
Aerodynamic
seat hump with Solo seat
integral rear light
License-
plate
mounting
British-made
Dymag three-
spoke alloy
wheel
Swingarm
Rear brake master cylinder
Lower section of the

Alloy rear Brake pedal fairing conceals a shock
sprocket linkage absorber and muffler
1986 BUELL RR1000 • 177
Air link Aerodynamic 1986 Buell RR1000 Battletwin

tube for tinted Buell also offered a conventional 1200cc
forks windshield Sportster engine version of the
Battletwin, which was designated the
Fuel tank RR1200. Though this larger-capacity
breather pipe model was similar to the RR1000, the
exposed engine on the unfaired version—
the RS1200—resulted in a more
Flush fuel traditional looking machine.
filler-cap
Bar-end mirror
Harley-Davidson’s
orange and black
racing color scheme
Oblong headlamp
Fairing mounting
bolt; turn signals
also positioned
here
Italian Marzocchi Aerodynamic

telescopic forks shrouded front
mudguard
16-in (41-cm)
wheel reflects
period fashion
for small wheels
The Buell’s Harley engine

Bulges reflect the position has to be advertised, Massive
of the carburetors on the otherwise you would never front disc Pirelli
XR1000 engine know it was a Harley unit brakes MP7 tire
2002 Buell XB9R Firebolt specifications

2002 Buell XB9R Firebolt
T he Firebolt was a radical new model introduced for 2002, and

it marked Buell’s first serious effort to produce a genuine sports
bike. It was lighter, shorter, and more focused than their previous
• capacity 948cc
(claimed)
machines, with steeper steering geometry to provide the sharper • transmission Five-speed, belt drive
steering response required by sports riders. To make the machine more • frame Aluminum twin-spar
compact, Buell’s traditional tubular steel frame was replaced by a twin- swingarm rear
spar alloy chassis. The Sportster-based engine had a reduced capacity, • weight 386lb (175kg) (dry, claimed)
but a shorter stroke
allowed the engine
to rev to nearly
7,500rpm.
Plastic bodywork is color

impregnated so that
Tail- scratches do not show
light
Belt drive
pulley
Removable swingarm Exhaust

section allows the retaining clip Belly pan
continuous drive belt
to be fitted
2002 BUELL XB9R FIREBOLT • 179
2002 Buell XB9R FiReBolt

Buell designed the Firebolt around a new chassis
Wing mirror
and managed to give the bike a distinctive and
good-looking profile. The new chassis wraps
around the air-cooled engine, hiding the
rear cylinder head from view.
A fan helps keep the engine Clip-on
cool by drawing air past the handlebars are
angled and low to
rear cylinder. An oil cooler provide a sporting
is mounted on the left side of riding position
the bike below the front cylinder.
“Upside down”
Showa fork
Bikini fairing
33⁄4-gallon
(14-liter) fuel tank
Distinctive appearance
Though sharing a slim
frontal aspect, the Firebolt’s
bug-eye headlights and frame-
mounted fairing differentiate it
from Buell’s Lightning model.
Dunlop tires developed for

the bike are a special
lightweight construction
“track.Inspired by the
Built for the
streets. The Firebolt
comes armed with
industry-leading
innovations that
are as ground-
breaking as
its style.
”
Rim-mounted
disc brake is a
unique Buell
feature
CHAPTER TEN
The Way ahead 2014–2021
2020 LIVEWIRE
In the second decade of the 21st century, as

harley-davIdson approaches Its 120th year,
the brand stIll has global resonance and Its
tradItIonally styled machInes have huge appeal.
but what other sectors offer potentIal for the
future? for 2017 there was a quIeter engIne to
power the tradItIonal machInes, for 2019 the
fIrst electrIc motorcycle from an establIshed
manufacturer, and In 2021, an all-new
adventure bIke to push Into new markets.
Harley’s new direction

In 2019, Harley-Davidson became the first established manufacturer to
offer a premium electric-powered motorcycle. It was quite a departure for a
manufacturer that had been devoted to internal combustion for over 100 years.
2018 Fat Bob 114

A n all-new big-twin engine from Harley-Davidson is a rare
thing; in fact, it has happened only three times since 1936.
The Milwaukee-Eight engines (where the “Eight” refers to the
2018 Fat BoB 114
Previous Fat Bob models used the Dyna
chassis, with the engine fitted into the
frame using flexible mounts to reduce
number of valves, double that on previous big-twins) were revealed vibration. The smoother running
on the 2017 model year Touring models, and were installed on the Milwaukee-Eight engine didn’t require
the flexible mounts, so the 2018 Fat Bob
cruisers, including the Fat Bob, the following year. Ever-tightening used a new Softail frame. The model also
global emissions and noise controls—and a demand for more adopted a modern aesthetic, with matte
finishes and blacked-out components for
power, smoother running, and reduced engine heat—meant that a more rugged look. It was a significant
the new engines combined increased capacity, four-valve cylinder step forward compared to previous models.
heads, improved cooling, and a balancer shaft packaged into the
traditional 45° V-twin layout, and a return to a single camshaft.
The engines are available in 107, 114, and 117cu.in capacities.
3.5-gallon
Seat height is just (13.6-liter)
28in (71cm) fuel tank
Twin
exhaust
exits
Preload
knob
2018 FAT BOB 114 • 183
specifications
2018 Fat Bob 114
Flat, dragster-style
• engine OHV eight-valve V-twin
handlebars
• capacity 114cu.in (1,868cc)
• power output 92.7bhp
• transmission Six-speed, belt drive
• frame Steel cradle
Speedometer and Headlamp • suspension USD telescopic forks,
instruments are nacelle contains monoshock rear
mounted in a rectangular light • weight 675lb (306.5kg)
tank-top binnacle • top speed 120mph (193km/h) (est.)
Upside-down telescopic
forks made by Showa
Twin front disc brakes

have 12-in (30-cm) rotors
and four-piston calipers
Chunky 150 section,
16-in (40.6-cm)
front tire
Engine retains
the Harley look,
but cylinder Forward Cooler is
heads contain control concealed between
four valves footrests frame down tubes
2020 LiveWire
H arley unveiled its prototype electric motorcycle, the
LiveWire, in 2014. The shift to an electric future seemed unlikely
for a company so closely associated with the visceral charms and unique
Cast aluminum
perimeter frame
noise of a V-twin engine. However, it was sufficiently convinced by

the reception the prototypes received that it put the LiveWire into
15.5kWh high-voltage lithium-ion
production in 2019, despite skeptics’ concerns over range, charging battery is housed in an aluminum
time, and battery life—and the high price. It is yet to be seen if it casing with cooling ribs. The
battery’s weight is a significant
was the start of a motorcycle revolution, or a white elephant. part of the mass of the bike
2020 LiveWire
The sensation of riding an electric bike
is unlike anything else. Electric motors
deliver peak torque from zero rpm, so the
initial rush of acceleration is impressive.
And of course there is no clutch or
gearbox; you just twist the accelerator and
go. With exuberant use range is limited,
but 100 miles (160 km) plus between
charges is possible with moderation.
Seat height is
31.3in (79.5cm)
Gearbox turns drive through

90° and provides a 9.71:1
17-in (43-cm) rear Final drive by reduction in revs. A further
wheel has 180/55 belt, as with gas-engine 3:1 reduction is provided by
section tire Harleys the final drive system
2020 LIVEWIRE • 185
TFT (thin film transistor) display

screen provides power meter and
charging status as well as conventional specifications
speedometer and trip functions
2020 LiveWire
• engine Water-cooled permanent
magnet synchronous electric motor
Charging socket is concealed
• capacity 15.5kWh high-voltage
under the “filler cap” of the battery
dummy fuel tank
• power output 78kW/105bhp
• transmission Belt drive
• frame Aluminum perimeter
• suspension USD telescopic forks/single
shock absorber
Front and rear suspension

units are fully adjustable,
and supplied by Showa
17-in (43-cm) front wheel

has 120/70 section tire
Radially mounted
four piston Brembo
Permanent magnet electric monoblock brake calipers
motor is water-cooled, and
spins on a longitudinal axis.
Minimal maintenance is one of Michelin Scorcher tires
the attractions of electric power are standard equipment
2021 Pan America specifications
H
2021 Pan America
aving caused a stir and broken from its conservative image • engine DOHC liquid-cooled 60° V-twin
with the unveiling of the electric LiveWire model in 2014, • capacity 1,252cc
Harley-Davidson’s next big reveal was arguably even more • power output 150bhp
• transmission 6-speed gearbox, chain
dramatic. The Pan America adventure bike was first shown in final drive
prototype form in mid-2018, and was designed to push the • frame Steel sections with stressed engine
company into new markets and aimed at attracting a new audience. • suspension Telescopic front fork,
monoshock rear
Released in 2021, it featured an all-new 60° V-twin, water-cooled, • weight 534lb (242kg)
1,250cc Revolution Max engine, tuned to produce 145bhp. It was • top speed 135mph (217km/h)
a brave step by the motor company to offer existing touring bike

riders an alternative style of machine, and also to tempt buyers
away from the established brands, especially the class-leading BMW. 5.6-gallon (21.2-liter)
fuel tank
Seat unit contains integral

mountings for panniers
Two-into-one
exhaust system
Cast-aluminum swingarm
is curved to provide
additional clearance 60° V-twin engine has
Rear disc brake is Rear wheel is for the exhaust system offset crankpin and
11in (28cm) with 17in (43cm) with variable valve timing.
a single-piston caliper a 120/70 tire Compression ratio is 13:1
2021 PAN AMERICA • 187
TFT dash display

provides all the
important rider
information and
can be linked to the
rider’s cell phone
Spirit of adventure
With every established brand competing for a slice of the big-capacity adventure
bike market, it’s important to have a product and a style that stand out. Harley
designers managed to create a unique look for the Pan America, with a distinctive
snub-nosed style incorporating oblong headlights. Prelaunch imagery of the new
Pan America showed the bike being ripped along dirt trails and leaping through
rugged scenery, although the bike’s weight and dynamics make this a pretty
unlikely scenario for all but expert riders. It was the suggestion of this potential,
a machine that could go off the beaten track, could explore and take its rider
on a journey, that was the heart of the appeal of bikes in this category.
S model features electronic suspension

adjustment with optional adaptive ride height
to lower the bike at standstill and make it easier
for the rider to put their foot on the ground
Standard-equipment wheels
are cast alloy; spoked
wheels are an optional extra
Front wheel is 19-in

(48-cm) diameter, with
a 120/70 section tire
2021 Pan america

The distinctive looks of the
Pan America divided opinion but
were certainly unique—maybe
inspired by the chunky and rugged
style of a Jeep. It looked nothing
like its Japanese and European
rivals, and nothing like a traditional
Harley either, although the bold
logo on the bike’s flanks was a
Bike has 8.3in (21cm) clear statement of its pedigree.
of ground clearance
THE COMPLETE HARLEY-DAVIDSON
Catalog 1903–2021
1999
TWIN CAM
CAM COVER
The following Catalog lists every

production motorcycle manufactured by
Harley-Davidson, from the first model in
1903 to the 2021 model range. It also
includes various racing models produced by
the company as one-offs or manufactured
in limited production runs.
TesT Driving a new silenT gray Fellow

Harley-Davidson established a comprehensive dealership
network only a few years after the Company was set up
and today there are thousands of dealers worldwide.
The Complete Harley-Davidson Catalog

1912
The following catalog lists the main models manufactured annually by MODEL VARIATIONS
Harley-Davidson from 1903 until the year 2013. It does not include any 5-a, 5-B. 5-c
Buell models but does cover the Italian Aermacchi imports. Harley’s
philosophy during the 1980s of producing many different versions of similar All models have a new frame with the
MODEL 5 V-TWIN top tube sloping to the rear allowing a
models means that some limited editions and specialty models have been • EnginE V-twin lower saddle which is mounted on a
omitted. Note that the years given are model years so the bikes will actually new sprung seat-post. Clutch assembly
have been released sometime during the previous year. • CapaCity 49.48cu. in.
in rear hub on models with X
MODEL VARIATIONS designation. Workforce doubles.
1903 1906 5-d

• nEw FEaturEs
Bosch magneto ignition oFFered
MODEL 8 SINGLES
• EnginE F-head single
The first year of Harley Silent Gray Fellow name scheBler carBuretor oFFered
production, with an output of first used for Harley’s singles. • CapaCity 30.16cu. in.
wire control caBle used
three bikes. The first bikes followed New building on Juneau Avenue.
• Colors MODEL VARIATIONS
a 10.2cu. in. (167cc) prototype renault gray standard
that used a reinforced MODEL 2 (Black optional).
8-A, X-8, X-8A
bicycle-type frame. • EnginE F-head single
• CapaCity 26.8cu. in.
MODEL 8 V-TWINS
THE FIRST BIKE
1910
• EnginE V-twins
• nEw FEaturEs capacity
• EnginE F-head single increased to 26.8cu. in. • CapaCity 49.48 & 61cu. in.
• CapaCity 24.74cu. in. • Colors Belt idler added to models to give a MODEL VARIATIONS
• nEw FEaturEs loop Frame and Black paint Finish (renault gray
optional).
form of clutch control. First year of a 8-d, X-8d (49.48cu. in. V-twin)
larger than usual engine
Harley racing model and acetylene X-8e (61cu. in. V-twin)
• Colors lights as an option. The company • nEw FEaturEs
Black paint Finish. now employs 149 workers.
1907
chain Final-driVe First used
rear huB clutch First used
MODEL 6
• Colors
1904 First experimental Harley-Davidson

V-twin is built and exhibited at a
motorcycle show. Harley-Davidson
renault gray standard. Four
other color options are now
oFFered at eXtra cost.
First Harley-Davidson factory • ModEl Variations
built in a 10-x-15-ft (3-x-4.5-m) shed Motor Company officially established. 6-a, 6-B. 6-c
1913
and first dealer appointed. MODEL 3 RACING MODEL
MODEL 0 • EnginE F-head single 6-e
• EnginE F-head single • CapaCity 26.8cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs First year oF Harley-Davidson racing department
“Bar and shield” trademark logo founded. First year of Model G delivery van.
• CapaCity 24.74cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs “sager” sprung
Front Fork (used to 1948) • Colors
• Colors renault gray standard MODEL 9 SINGLES
Black paint Finish. • Colors (Black optional). • EnginE F-head single
[start oF identiFication numBering renault gray standard (Black
optional). • CapaCity 35cu. in.
system that suBtracts Four From
the year to get the model numBer
1911
For that year—e.g., 1904 = model 0].
MODEL VARIATIONS
1908
9-a, 9-B
V-twin returns and remains
1905
MODEL 9 V-TWINS
Walter Davidson wins the F.A.M. continuously in the Harley range.
Company expands to nearly 500 • EnginE V-twin
endurance run with a perfect score.
The company now has 35 employees. employees, producing over 5,500 bikes. • CapaCity 61cu. in.
Factory size doubled to 10 ft x 30 ft (3
m x 9 m). Walter Davidson becomes MODEL 7 SINGLES MODEL VARIATIONS
full-time factory manager. MODEL 4
• EnginE F-head single • EnginE F-head single 9-e, 9-F, 9-g
MODEL 1 • CapaCity 30.16cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs
mechanical inlet ValVes
• EnginE F-head single • Colors MODEL VARIATIONS on singles magneto ignition
renault gray standard standard two-speed transmission
• CapaCity 24.74cu. in. 7-a, 7-B, 7-c
(Black optional). option aVailaBle on deliVery Van
• Colors
• Colors
Black paint Finish. MODEL 7 V-TWIN renault gray standard. Four color
1909
• EnginE V-twin options aVailaBle at eXtra cost.
1914
V-twin cataloged for the first time, MODEL VARIATIONS
though the model disappeared from 7-d
the range the following year.
• nEw FEaturEs Harley-Davidson’s factory race team
MODEL 5 SINGLES mechanical inlet ValVes on
V-twin starts competing on various circuits.
• EnginE F-head single First sidecars ordered from the Rogers
• Colors Company, but not officially listed as an
• CapaCity 30.16cu. in. renault gray.
1905 ModEl 1 singlE option until following year.
THE COMPLETE HARLEY-DAVIDSON CATALOG • 191
MODEL 10 SINGLES
MODEL B
• EnginE F-head single 1918 MODEL J
• EnginE F-head V-twin
• CapaCity 35cu. in. • CapaCity 35cu. in. Last year of the 35cu. in. F-head • CapaCity 61cu. in.
singles. Berling magnetos replace
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL C Dixies. Model F is the best-seller
10-a, 10-B, 10-c for this year. J/Js
MODEL 10 V-TWINS • CapaCity 35cu. in. MODEL B RACING MODELS
two-cam eight-ValVe racer
• EnginE V-twin RACING MODELS • EnginE F-head single
two-cam F-head racer
• CapaCity 61cu. in. model s • CapaCity 35cu. in.
a small numBer oF modiFied
V-twins also produced
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL E MODEL C • Colors
10-e, 10-F, 10-g
• EnginE F-head single oliVe green.
• nEw FEaturEs
• CapaCity 35cu. in.
step (kick) starters oFFered, • CapaCity 61cu. in.
1920
allowing the Bicycle pedals to Be
aBandoned and FootBoards Fitted
MODEL F MODEL E
to some machines two-speed
transmission aVailaBle For singles • EnginE F-head V-twin
• Colors • CapaCity 61cu. in. Harley factory race team parades on
renault gray standard. Four victory lap with a pig on a bike, so
color options aVailaBle at MODEL F beginning the “hog” association. The
extra cost. MODEL J company now has the biggest
• EnginE F-head V-twin motorcycle factory in the world.
1915
• CapaCity 61cu. in. MODEL W
RACING MODELS MODEL J • EnginE Horizontally opposed
Flathead twin
From 1915–53 a sidecar version of most models r & t • EnginE F-head V-twin
of the V-twin models was offered. The eight-ValVe racer (ohV) • CapaCity 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc)
initial S after the model ID letters was • Colors renault gray MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
used to identify them—e.g., FS Sidecar standard. Four color options
aVailaBle at extra cost. w/wF/wJ
Twin. Harley’s new interest in bike Fus (goVt. use only)
racing spawns first series of racing models
in both single and V-twin formats. RACING MODELS MODEL F
1917
MODEL 11 SINGLES model r, eight-ValVe racer
• EnginE F-head single a small numBer oF modiFied
Bosch magnetos unavailable due to V-twins also produced MODEL VARIATIONS
the war, so replaced by Dixie brand F/Fs
MODEL VARIATIONS • Colors
for this year only. Harley sends its first
oliVe green.
11-B, 11-c bikes for military use in WWI. MODEL J
RACING MODELS MODEL B • EnginE F-head V-twin
11-k4, 11-kF • CapaCity 61cu. in.
• CapaCity 35cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL 11 V-TWINS
J/Js
• EnginE V-twin
MODEL C RACING MODELS
1918 ModEl J sidECar two-cam eight-ValVe racer
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 35cu. in. two-cam F-head racer
11-e, 11-F, 11-g, 11-h, 11-J
1919
RACING MODELS a small numBer oF modiFied
V-twins also produced
RACING MODELS model s
• Colors
11-k, 11-kr, 11-kt, 11-krh, oliVe green.
11-kth, 11-k12, 11-k12h First year of the horizontally opposed
MODEL E
• nEw FEaturEs
flathead twin model W, though not a
1921
three-speed gearBox on twins great success in the US so mainly
mechanical oil pump • CapaCity 61cu. in. exported to overseas markets. Also
electric lighting option
first year for the “two-cam” F-head and
• Colors MODEL F eight-valve racers. First year for 37cu. in. CD
renault gray standard. Four color commercial single model, using
options aVailaBle atextra cost. • EnginE F-head V-twin
MODEL W same chassis as (also new) 74cu. in.
• CapaCity 61cu. in. big-twin but minus one cylinder.
• EnginE Horizontally opposed A Harley racer is the first bike to
1916
MODEL J Flathead twin
win a race with an average speed
• EnginE F-head V-twin • CapaCity 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc) of over 100mph (161km/h).
First year of eight-valve racing twins • CapaCity 61cu. in. MODEL CD

and four-valve single racers.
MODEL F
RACING MODELS • EnginE F-head single
Identification system changes this year • EnginE F-head V-twin
so that the number reflects the model models r & t, eight-ValVe racer
year, i.e. 1916 35cu. in. single is a • Colors MODEL W
Model 16-B. [Note: Henceforth in this oliVe green is now the standard MODEL VARIATIONS
catalog, models will be referred to by color. only year oF gold • EnginE Horizontally Opposed
pinstriping. F/Fs/Fus (goVt. use only) Flathead Twin
identification initials only.]
• CapaCity 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc) MODEL J MODEL JD MODEL F

MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE F-head V-twin • EnginE F-head V-twin • EnginE F-head V-twin
w/wF/wJ • CapaCity 61cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 61cu. in.
MODEL F MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE F-head V-twin F/FS Jd, JdS F/Fe/FeS
• CapaCity 61cu. in. RACING MODELS

MODEL FD MODEL J
model t (V-twin racer)
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE F-head V-twin
• EnginE F-head V-twin model S (Single racer)
F/FS two-cam eight-ValVe racer • CapaCity 61cu. in.
• CapaCity 74cu. in. two-cam F-head racer
MODEL J MODEL VARIATIONS a Small number oF modiFied
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE F-head V-twin V-twinS alSo produced J/Je/JeS
Fd/FdS
• CapaCity 61cu. in. • Colors
MODEL JD brewSter green paint Scheme. MODEL FD
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE F-head V-twin
J/JS • CapaCity 74cu. in.
1924
MODEL FD MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE F-head V-twin Fd/Fdcb/FdSbS
Jd/JdS Generally a poor year for the company,
• CapaCity 74cu. in. which operates at a loss. As a result,
RACING MODELS 1,500 employees are laid off. MODEL JD
MODEL VARIATIONS
two-cam eight-ValVe racer Aluminum alloy pistons used on some • EnginE F-head V-twin
Fd/FdS two-cam F-head racer models for this year only. • CapaCity 74cu. in.
Four-ValVe racer
MODEL JD MODEL F MODEL VARIATIONS
a Small number oF modiFied
• EnginE F-head V-twin V-twinS alSo produced • EnginE F-head V-twin Jd/Jdcb/JdcbS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • Colors • CapaCity 61cu. in. RACING MODELS
brewSter green paint Scheme
MODEL VARIATIONS (including crankcaSeS). MODEL VARIATIONS two-cam eight-ValVe racer
two-cam F-head racer
Jd/JdS (Sidecar twinS) F/Fe/FeS
• nEw FEaturEs
RACING MODELS MODEL J wider, lower Frame
1923
cylindrical toolbox mounted on
two-cam eight-ValVe racer • EnginE F-head V-twin Front Fork teardrop-Style
two-cam F-head racer Streamlined tankS
Four-ValVe racer • CapaCity 61cu. in. iron alloy piStonS
Last year of W Series sport twins, with
a Small number oF modiFied production figures only in the MODEL VARIATIONS • Colors
V-twinS alSo produced oliVe green.
hundreds. Harley factory race team is J/Je/JeS
• Colors disbanded. JD model is best-seller, with
oliVe green. only year oF oliVe figures of over 7,000. First year of MODEL FD
1926
green crankcaSeS.
hinged rear mudguard on big-twins. • EnginE F-head V-twin
MODEL W • CapaCity 74cu. in.
1922
Models A and B are Harley’s
• EnginE Horizontally oppoSed MODEL VARIATIONS
Flathead twin
new flathead singles, with optional
Fd/FdS/Fdca/FdSca overhead-valve units on models AA
Model CD commercial single • CapaCity 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc) and BA. All roadgoing twins now
discontinued at the end of this year. MODEL JD equipped with electrical lighting. First
MODEL VARIATIONS
Harley-Davidson output picks up • EnginE F-head V-twin year of Harley’s own-production
again after national economic slump of w/wF/wJ sidecars. Over 9,000 JD models
1921 which saw sales drop by 60 manufactured this year, making it the
percent and many other motorcycle MODEL F MODEL VARIATIONS most popular Harley by far.
manufacturers go out of business.
• EnginE F-head V-twin Jd/JdS/Jdca/JdSca MODEL A
MODEL CD • CapaCity 61cu. in. RACING MODELS • EnginE Flathead Single
• EnginE F-head Single two-cam eight-ValVe racer
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 21cu. in.
• CapaCity 37cu. in. two-cam F-head racer
F/FS MODEL VARIATIONS
• Colors
MODEL W oliVe green. a, aa (ohV engine)
MODEL J
• EnginE Horizontally oppoSed
Flathead twin
• EnginE F-head V-twin MODEL B
• CapaCity 35.64cu. in. (584.03cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
1925 • EnginE Flathead Single
J/JS
Last year that Harley outsources
w/wF/wJ sidecar manufacture, the company
now deciding to build its own. First
MODEL F MODEL FD export of Harleys to Japan. Revamp of
• EnginE F-head V-twin • EnginE F-head V-twin the big-twins, with major mechanical
and design changes including Harley’s
• CapaCity 61cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in.
famous teardrop fuel tank. Despite the
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS decline in popularity of board-track
racing, Joe Petrali secures a number of
J/JS Fd/FdS
notable victories on a Harley. 1926 B pEashootEr
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL F

b, ba (ohV engine) F/FK/FS • EnginE F-head V-twin
MODEL F MODEL JD
• EnginE F-head V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. F/FL/FS
• CapaCity 61cu. in. 1928 JD
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL JD

F/Fe/FeS Jd/JdL/JdS MODEL FD • EnginE F-head V-twin
• EnginE F-head V-twin • CapaCity 74cu. in.
MODEL J MODEL FD
• EnginE F-head V-twin • CapaCity 74cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS Jd/Jdh(two-cam)//JdF/JdXL/JdS
MODEL VARIATIONS Fd/Fdh/FdS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL FD
Fd/FdL/FdS RACING MODELS
J/Je/JeS/JS • EnginE F-head V-twin
RACING MODELS modeLS S/Sm/Sa/Sma (21cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in.
MODEL FD modeLS S/Sm/Sa/Sma (21cu. in. ohV SingLeS)
ohV SingLeS)
modeL t (V-twin) MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE F-head V-twin modeL t (V-twin) modeL Fhac/Fhad
(61cu. in. hiLL-cLimberS) Fd/Fdh/FdL/FdS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. modeLS Fhac/Fhad (61cu. in.
hiLL-cLimberS) two-cam eight-VaLVe racer
two-cam F-head racer RACING MODELS
MODEL VARIATIONS two-cam eight-VaLVe racer
two-cam F-head racer Sa/Sma (21cu. in. ohV SingLeS)
Fd/Fdcb/FdSbS • nEw FEaturEs
modeL t (V-twin)
• Colors Front braKe
Fhac (61cu. in. racer)
oLiVe green. white or cream
MODEL JD aVaiLabLe at eXtra coSt on twinS.
• Colors Fhad (61cu. in. hiLL-cLimber)
oLiVe green. a range oF eight two-cam eight-VaLVe racer
• EnginE F-head V-twin coLorS aVaiLabLe at eXtra coSt two-cam F-head racer
on twinS.
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs
MODEL VARIATIONS 1928 duaL buLLet headLightS

Four-tube “PiPe o’ Pan” SiLencerS
1929
Jd/Jdcb/JdcbS/JdS • Colors
New high-performance JH and JDH oLiVe green. a range oF eight
RACING MODELS models are roadgoing versions of the coLorS aVaiLabLe at eXtra coSt
modeL S (21 cu. in. ohV SingLe) two-cam competition machines, using on twinS.
two-cam F-head racer a slimmer and lower chassis than the New model C single features a bigger
two-cam eight-VaLVe racer standard single-cam J and JD models. engine. Also first year of model D 45
cu. in. side-valve V-twin. Last year of
1930
• Colors
oLiVe green. white or cream MODEL A AA and BA singles, models J, JD, F,
aVaiLabLe at eXtra coSt on twinS.
• EnginE FLathead SingLe
and FD, as well as eight-valve racers.
• CapaCity 21cu. in. MODEL A New flathead model V replaces F-

head big-twins, boasting magnesium-
1927 MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE FLathead SingLe alloy pistons and Ricardo heads.
a; aa/aae (ohV engine) • CapaCity 21cu. in.
MODEL A
A year of minimal change, with only MODEL VARIATIONS
minor detail modifications, though MODEL B • EnginE FLathead SingLe
models AA and BA do get Ricardo a; aa (ohV engine) • CapaCity 21cu. in.
cylinder heads and a revised frame.
• CapaCity 21cu. in. MODEL B MODEL B
MODEL A MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE FLathead SingLe • EnginE FLathead SingLe
b; ba/bae (ohV engine) • CapaCity 21cu. in. • CapaCity 21cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL J MODEL VARIATIONS
b/ba; baF (ohV engine) b/br; baF (ohV engine)
a; aa/aae (ohV engine) • EnginE F-head V-twin
MODEL B
• CapaCity 61cu. in. MODEL C MODEL C
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE FLathead SingLe • EnginE FLathead SingLe
J/JS/JX/JXL/Jh • CapaCity 30.5cu. in. • CapaCity 30.5cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL F MODEL D
b; ba/bae (ohV engine) • EnginE FLathead V-twin c/cm
• CapaCity 61cu. in. • CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL D
MODEL J
• EnginE F-head V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE FLathead V-twin
• CapaCity 61cu. in. F/Fh/FS D/DL • CapaCity 45cu. in.
• MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL JD MODEL J
J/JS d/dL/dLd/dS
• EnginE F-head V-twin • EnginE F-head V-twin
• CapaCity 61cu. in. MODEL V
MODEL F • CapaCity 74cu. in.
• EnginE F-head V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE FLathead V-twin
• CapaCity 61cu. in. Jd/Jdh (two-cam)/JdX/JdXL/JdS J/JS/JXL/Jh • CapaCity 74cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
V/VS/Vl/Vlm/Vc/Vcm/Vm/
VmS/Vmg
MODEL C
• EnginE Flathead Single
MODEL VARIATIONS
V/VS/Vl/Vld/Vc/Ve/VF/VFS/
Vle/VSe
1935
• CapaCity 30.5cu. in. New 80cu. in. unit available for model
RACING MODELS • nEw FEaturEs V, using same chassis as on 74cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS aRt decO-Style biRd mOtiF On
hill-climbeR and OtheR RaceRS tank (thiS yeaR Only)
model. Joe Petrali wins every round of
weRe made aS One-OFF bikeS c/cc/cR/cS ReVeRSe geaR OptiOnal On dirt-track championship.
thROughOut the 1930S R mOdelS
• nEw FEaturEs MODEL R buddy Seat debutS aS acceSSORy MODEL R
dROp-centeR wheel RimS • EnginE Flathead V-twin • Colors OliVe gReen nO lOngeR • EnginE Flathead V-twin
FORged “i” beam FORkS StandaRd cOlOR. SingleS and
• Colors mOdel g in SilVeR and tuRquOiSe.
OliVe gReen. a Range OF Six cOlORS MODEL VARIATIONS twinS in a Range OF FiVe MODEL VARIATIONS
aVailable at extRa cOSt On twinS. StandaRd cOlORS.
R/Rl/Rld/RS R/Rl/Rld/RldR/RS/RSR
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL G SERVI-CAR

• EnginE Flathead V-twin • EnginE Flathead V-twin
g/ga/gd/ge 1933 VLE g/ga/gd/gdt/ge
1930 Hill-ClimbEr
MODEL V MODEL V
1931 • EnginE Flathead V-twin

1934 • EnginE Flathead V-twinS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in.
Model B produced for export only this Last year of model B and C singles.
MODEL VARIATIONS New Art Deco styling touches added
year. Last year of model D. Low MODEL VARIATIONS
production levels in post-crash slump. V/VS/Vl/Vc to the bikes, including stylized Vd/Vld/VldJ/VdS/VFd/VFdS
• Colors handlebars and motif and streamlined (74cu. in.)
MODEL B OliVe gReen. a Range OF SeVen taillights. Production rises to around Vldd/VddS (80cu. in.)
cOlORS aVailable at extRa cOSt. 10,000 bikes, almost tripling
• EnginE Flathead Single • nEw FEaturEs
previous year’s output. cOnStant-meSh thRee-Speed
tRanSmiSSiOn On mOdel R
1933
MODEL B new geaRbOx FOR mOdelS R and g
MODEL C beehiVe tail light
• CapaCity 30.5cu. in. Layoffs and reduced production in a Range OF Six twO-tOne cOlORS
1932 mean little change in 1933. Joe aS StandaRd. twO OptiOnal
MODEL VARIATIONS Petrali adds a note of optimism to the MODEL C cOlORS aVailable at extRa cOSt.
c/ch/cmg/cc gloom by winning the second of four • EnginE Flathead Single

consecutive national hill-climbing
1936
MODEL D championships on a Harley.
• EnginE Flathead V-twin He won six in total. MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL B c/cb

New 61cu. in. OHV “Knucklehead”
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE Flathead Single V-twin engine on new model E. Last
MODEL R year of model V flathead big-twins.
d/dl/dld/dc/dS • CapaCity 21cu. in.
• EnginE Flathead V-twin
MODEL R
MODEL V MODEL C • CapaCity 45cu. in.
• EnginE Flathead V-twin • EnginE Flathead Single MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 30.5cu. in. R/Rl/Rld/Rldx/Rlx/RS/RSx/Rx
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL G SERVI-CAR R/Rl/Rld/RldR/RS/RSR
VVS/Vl/Vlm/Vc/VSR/Vmg/VmS c/cb/cS
• nEw FEaturEs
MODEL R MODEL G SERVI-CAR
“SunbuRSt” hORn (all mOdelS • CapaCity 45cu. in.
except b) SchebleR deluxe • EnginE Flathead V-twin • EnginE Flathead V-twin
caRbuRetOR On twinS MODEL VARIATIONS
• Colors g/ga/gd/gdt/ge
OliVe gReen. a Range OF FiVe MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
cOlORS aVailable at extRa cOSt. MODEL V
R/Rl/Rld/RS/Re/Rle/Rlde g/ga/gd/gdt/ge
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL E
1932
• EnginE Flathead V-twin • EnginE OhV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
New model R replaces model D. First V/Vd/Vld/VdS/VFd/VFdS
year of three-wheeled model G MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
• nEw FEaturEs
Servi-Car. Model B produced for aiRFlOw tail light e/el/eS
g/ga/gd/gdt/ge
domestic market again. diamOnd-Shaped lOgO On tank
MODEL B MODEL V • Colors MODEL V
• EnginE Flathead V-twin SingleS in SilVeR and Red OR OliVe
• EnginE Flathead Single • EnginE Flathead V-twinS
gReen and black. twinS in a
• CapaCity 21cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in. Range OF Six StandaRd cOlORS. • CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in.
MODEL G SERVI-CAR
1940 MODEL E
MODEL VARIATIONS
VD/VLD/VMG/VDS/VFD/VFDS • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin • eNgiNe oHV V-twin
(74cu. in.)
VLH/VHS/VFH/VFHS (80cu. in.) • CapaCity 45cu. in. First full production year of WLA, • CapaCity 61cu. in.
military version of model W. Tank
• New Features MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
badges chrome-plated across the range.
Dry SuMp Lubrication (MoDeL e) e/eL/eS
Four-SpeeD Gearbox G/Ga/GD/GDt/Ge
(MoDeL e & option on MoDeL V)
MODEL W
buLLet anD circLe LoGo MODEL E • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin MODEL F
(aLL MoDeLS)
• CapaCity 45cu. in. • eNgiNe oHV V-twin
• eNgiNe oHV V-twin
• Colors
a ranGe oF FiVe two-tone coLorS • CapaCity 74cu. in.
aS StanDarD.
w/wL/wLD/wLDr/wS/wLa MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
F/FL/FS
eL/eS
MODEL G SERVI-CAR
1937 MODEL U • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin
MODEL U
• eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twinS
Revised flathead engines for new • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twinS
models W and U. All models restyled • CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
to follow the look of the model E. MODEL VARIATIONS
G/Ga/GD/GDt
Dry sump recirculating oil system MODEL VARIATIONS u/uL/uS/ua (74cu. in.)
now on all models. uH/uLH/uHS (80cu. in.)
u/uL/uS/uMG (74cu. in.) MODEL E
MODEL W uH/uLH/uHS (80cu. in.) • New Features
• Colors reViSeD “aircraFt-StyLe”
• eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin
a ranGe oF Six coLorS aS • CapaCity 61cu. in. SpeeDoMeter
• CapaCity 45cu. in. StanDarD. • Colors
MODEL VARIATIONS
a ranGe oF FiVe coLorS aS
MODEL VARIATIONS
eL/eS StanDarD.
w/wL/wLD/wLDr/wS/wSr
MODEL G SERVI-CAR 1939 MODEL U
• eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin

Another year of modifications across
the ranges. Body of the Servi-Car is
• CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. 1942
First year of new shaft-drive model XA
enlarged. First WLA Army model MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS twin for military use only. Blackout
shipped to Fort Knox. u/uL/uS/uMG (74cu. in.) lights and other military modifications
G/Ga/GD/GDt/Ge uH/uLH/uHS (80cu. in.)
MODEL W feature on WLA. Death of Walter
• New Features Davidson, one the founding brothers
MODEL E • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin cHroMe-pLateD tank naMepLate and President of the company.
• eNgiNe oHV V-twin • CapaCity 45cu. in. • Colors a ranGe oF FiVe coLorS
• CapaCity 61cu. in. aS StanDarD.
MODEL W
MODEL VARIATIONS • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin
• MODEL VARIATIONS
w/wL/wLD/wLDr/ • CapaCity 45cu. in.
1941
e/eL/eS wS
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL U MODEL G SERVI-CAR wL/wLS/wLD/wLa/wLc
• eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin First year of new OHV 74 cu. in.
model F. New model UA is army MODEL G SERVI-CAR
• CapaCity 45cu. in. version of model U flathead. Civilian • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS bike production suspended during the
year. Last year of 80cu. in. big-twins. • CapaCity 45cu. in.
u/uL/uS/uMG (74cu. in.)
uH/uLH/uHS (80cu. in.) G/Ga/GD/GDt/Ge
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL W
• New Features G/Ga
Dry SuMp Lubrication (now on MODEL E • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin
aLL MoDeLS)
inStruMent paneL on FueL tank • CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL XA
(aS per 1936 MoDeL e) • CapaCity 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS • eNgiNe FLatHeaD
• Colors SHaFt-DriVe oppoSeD twin
• MODEL VARIATIONS wL/wLS/wLD/wLDr/
a ranGe oF coLorS becaMe
aVaiLabLe aS StanDarD. wr/wLa/wLc • CapaCity 45cu. in.
eL/eS
MODEL U MODEL E
1938
Revisions to all models. All bikes MODEL VARIATIONS
ordered with an option package. • MODEL VARIATIONS
e/eL/eS/eLc
Joe Petrali retires from racing. u/uL/uS/uMG (74cu. in.) 1941 WLD
uH/uLH/uHS (80cu. in.)
MODEL W MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL F
• New Features
• eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin “boat-taiL” taiLLiGHt • eNgiNe FLatHeaD V-twin • eNgiNe oHV V-twin
• CapaCity 45cu. in. “cat’S-eye” inStruMent conSoLe • CapaCity 45cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS • Colors

a ranGe oF Four coLorS aS
w/wL/wLD/wLDr/wS StanDarD. G/Ga/GD/GDt F/FL/FS
MODEL U
MODEL W
MODEL E
• EnginE ohV V-twin 1947
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 45cu. in. • CapaCity 61cu. in. Harley acquires rights to produce
German DKW 125cc machine. First
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS year of Harley’s model S lightweight.
u/ul/uS wl/wla/wlc/wSr e/el/eS Last year of “Knucklehead” V-twin.
New manufacturing plant opens on
• Colors a range oF FiVe colorS Capitol Drive, in Milwaukee.
aS Standard. MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL F
• EnginE Flathead V-twin • EnginE ohV V-twin MODEL S
• CapaCity 45cu. in. • EnginE air-cooled two-
1943
Stroke Single
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 125cc

g/ga F/Fl/FS
Model WLA accounts for virtually all MODEL W
Harley production, with most sent
abroad. Last year of XA. MODEL E MODEL U • EnginE Flathead V-twin
• EnginE ohV V-twin • EnginE Flathead V-twin • CapaCity 45cu. in.

MODEL W
• CapaCity 61cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
wl/wl-Sp
MODEL VARIATIONS
e/el/eS u/ul/uS MODEL G SERVI-CAR
• Colors • EnginE Flathead V-twin
wla/wlc MODEL F gray.
• EnginE ohV V-twin
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74 cu. in.
1946
• EnginE Flathead V-twin g/ga
F/Fl/FS MODEL E
MODEL VARIATIONS US Government sells off thousands of
surplus WLAs, but WL model remains
g/ga MODEL U the most popular bike. • CapaCity 61cu. in.
MODEL XA MODEL W MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. e/el/eS
• EnginE Flathead ShaFt-driVe • EnginE Flathead V-twin
oppoSed twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL F
• CapaCity 45cu. in. u/ul/uS • EnginE ohV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL E • Colors • CapaCity 74cu. in.
gray or SilVer. wl/wl-Sp
• EnginE ohV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 61cu. in. MODEL G SERVI-CAR F/Fl/FS
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL U
e/el/eS • CapaCity 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
g/ga
• EnginE ohV V-twin 1944 U MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. MODEL E u/ul/uS

• nEw fEaturEs
1945
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE ohV V-twin
“tombStone” tail light
• CapaCity 61cu. in. new red ball harley emblem
F/Fl/FS
• Colors
Civilian production resumes in MODEL VARIATIONS range oF FiVe colorS now
MODEL U aVailable again aS Standard.
November, with options packages now e/el/eS
• EnginE Flathead V-twin available once more. No chrome
• CapaCity 74cu. in. finishes on any models. MODEL F
MODEL VARIATIONS
u/ul/uS
MODEL W
1948
• EnginE Flathead V-twin New OHV “Panhead” engine with
• nEw fEaturEs MODEL VARIATIONS hydraulic valve lifters for models
“winged-Face” horn • CapaCity 45cu. in.
F/Fl/FS E and F big-twins. Last year of
• Colors MODEL VARIATIONS model U flathead V-twin.
gray or SilVer.
wl/wla/wSr MODEL U MODEL S
• EnginE Flathead V-twin • EnginE air-cooled two-
MODEL G SERVI-CAR Stroke Single
1944
• EnginE Flathead V-twin • CapaCity 125cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL W
Bulk of production again for the u/ul/uS
military, with only a very few bikes MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE Flathead V-twin
• Colors
manufactured for civilians or
g/ga gray or Flight red. • CapaCity 45cu. in.
the police.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS • Colors MODEL W

RanGe OF FOuR StandaRd cOLORS,
WL/WLS/WR/WL-SP G/Ga With FOuR extRaS aVaiLabLe FOR tWinS. • EnginE FLathead V-tWin
• CapaCity45 cu. in.
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL E
MODEL VARIATIONS
1951
• EnginE FLathead V-tWin • EnginE OhV V-tWin
WR/WLS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS Last year of model WL. Model S gets MODEL G SERVI-CAR
telescopic forks and is known as the
G/Ga e/eS/eL/eLP/eP • EnginE FLathead V-tWin
Tele-Glide S.
MODEL E MODEL F MODEL S
• EnginE OhV V-tWin MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE OhV V-tWin • EnginE aiR-cOOLed tWO-
StROke SinGLe G/Ga
• CapaCity 125cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL K
e/eL/eS MODEL W • EnginE FLathead V-tWin
F/FL/FS/FP/FLP
• EnginE FLathead V-tWin • CapaCity 45cu. in.
MODEL F • nEw FEaturEs
hydRauLic FORkS On mOdeLS e & F • CapaCity 45cu. in.
• EnginE OhV V-tWin MODEL VARIATIONS
• Colors MODEL VARIATIONS k
• CapaCity 74cu. in. bLack OnLy FOR SinGLe. RanGe OF WL/WLa/WLS/WR/WRtt/WL-SP
FOuR StandaRd cOLORS FOR tWinS, RACING MODELS
MODEL VARIATIONS
With One OPtiOnaL cOLOR.
F/FL/FS
MODEL G SERVI-CAR kR/kRtt
• EnginE FLathead V-tWin
MODEL U MODEL E
1950
• EnginE OhV V-tWin
• EnginE FLathead V-tWin MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. G/Ga
Models FL, S, and EL are
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS manufactured in largest quantities.
MODEL E eL/eLS/eLF
u/uL/uS Death of Arthur Davidson, last of the
original four founders. Safety bars • EnginE OhV V-tWin
• nEw FEaturEs
optional on Hydra-Glides. • CapaCity 61cu. in. MODEL F
“Panhead” enGine
• Colors MODEL S MODEL VARIATIONS
RanGe OF FOuR cOLORS aVaiLabLe eL/eLS • CapaCity 74cu. in.
aS StandaRd.
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed tWO-
StROke SinGLe MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL F
• CapaCity 125cc FL/FLS/FLF
1949
• nEw FEaturEs
MODEL W • CapaCity 74cu. in. 45cu. in. unit cOnStRuctiOn
enGine On mOdeL k
• EnginE FLathead V-tWin MODEL VARIATIONS OPtiOnaL FOOt ShiFt On mOdeLS e
Hydraulic front forks on models E and
FL/FLS and F (eLF and FLF)
F big-twins give birth to the Hydra- • CapaCity 45cu. in.
Glide name. Leading-link forks still • nEw FEaturEs • Colors
MODEL VARIATIONS RedeSiGned haRLey ScRiPt On tank RanGe OF thRee cOLORS With One
available as an option. OPtiOnaL FOR SinGLeS, FiVe cOLORS
WL/WLa/WLS/WR/WL-SP • Colors With thRee OPtiOnaL FOR tWinS,
MODEL S RanGe OF thRee cOLORS and tWO and thRee cOLORS With One
extRaS FOR SinGLeS. thRee StandaRd
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed tWO- MODEL G SERVI-CAR and thRee extRaS FOR tWinS.
OPtiOnaL FOR mOdeL k.
StROke SinGLe
• CapaCity 125cc
1953
MODEL W MODEL VARIATIONS

• EnginE FLathead V-tWin G/Ga First year of ST, Harley’s single
• CapaCity 45cu. in. now uprated to 165cc. Last
MODEL E year of model K. The Indian
MODEL VARIATIONS Motorcycle Company ceases
WL/WLS/WR/WL-SP trading, leaving Harley-Davidson
• CapaCity 61cu. in. 1951 74FL
as the only major
US manufacturer.
1952
MODEL VARIATIONS
e/eS/eL MODEL ST
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed tWO-
MODEL F First year of new 45cu. in. flathead StROke SinGLe
model K Sport. Last year of 61cu. in.
• EnginE OhV V-tWin • CapaCity 165cc
model E, model S 125, and the few
• CapaCity 74cu. in. remaining model Ws. Last year that
1949 WR Dirt TraCk special sidecar models are listed. MODEL G SERVI-CAR
MODEL VARIATIONS
F/FL/FS/
MODEL S
MODEL G SERVI-CAR • EnginE aiR-cOOLed tWO-
• nEw FEaturEs
• EnginE FLathead V-tWin RedeSiGned cyLindeR headS On
StROke SinGLe MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 45cu. in. “Panhead” enGine • CapaCity 125cc G/Ga
MODEL K
1956 MODEL G SERVI-CAR
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE Flathead V-twin Fl/Fle/FleF/FlF • EnginE Flathead V-twin
• CapaCity 45cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs Last year of KH production bikes. • CapaCity 45cu. in.
55cu. in. engine On mOdel Kh Elvis Presley appears on the cover of
MODEL VARIATIONS dual exhaust system an OptiOn MODEL VARIATIONS
On mOdel F hydRa-glides
The Enthusiast magazine sitting on a
K Harley-Davidson. g/ga
• Colors
RACING MODELS Range OF 15 sOlid and twO-tOne MODEL S
cOlORs as standaRd.
KK/KR/KRtt (RaceRs) • EnginE aiR-cOOled twO-stROKe single
• CapaCity 125cc
MODEL F
• EnginE OhV V-twin
1955 MODEL ST
• EnginE aiR-cOOled twO-
First year of Super Sport FLH and stROKe single
MODEL VARIATIONS FLHF models added to the Hydra-
Glide range. • CapaCity 165cc
Fl/Fle/FleF/FlF
MODEL VARIATIONS 1957 XL SportstEr
• nEw FEaturEs MODEL S
st/stu
new stewaRt-waRneR “edge- • EnginE aiR-cOOled twO-
lighted” speedOmeteR On twins stROKe single
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL XL
• Colors • CapaCity 125cc
Range OF thRee cOlORs with One • EnginE Flathead V-twin • EnginE OhV V-twin
extRa FOR single, FiVe cOlORs with
thRee extRa FOR twins.
MODEL ST • CapaCity 45cu. in. • CapaCity 55cu. in.
• EnginE aiR-cOOled twO- MODEL VARIATIONS
stROKe single
g/ga
MODEL F
1954
• CapaCity 165cc • EnginE OhV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL KH • CapaCity 74cu. in.
st/stu • EnginE Flathead V-twin
In an attempt to improve MODEL VARIATIONS
performance, new 55cu. in. • CapaCity 55cu. in. Fl/FlF/Flh/FlhF
flathead V-twin model KH MODEL VARIATIONS
replaces model K. Model S
Kh/KhK
MODEL K RACERS
returns with two-strokes now • EnginE Flathead V-twins
called Hummers. Old 45cu. in. RACING MODELS
unit retained in racers. KhRtt (RaceR)
KR/KRtt (45cu. in. RaceRs) MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL S
mOdels KR/KRtt (45cu. in.
• EnginE aiR-cOOled twO- MODEL F Flathead V-twins)
stROKe single 1955 st • EnginE OhV V-twin mOdel KhRtt (55cu. in.
• CapaCity 125cc Flathead V-twin)
• nEw FEaturEs
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL VARIATIONS OhV V-twin unit cOnstRuctiOn
MODEL ST
• EnginE Flathead V-twin engine On xl
Fl/Fle/FleF/FlF/Flh/FlhF
• EnginE aiR-cOOled twO- new tanK lOgO (designed by
stROKe single • CapaCity 45cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs willie g. daVidsOn) has Red
ROund taillight On hummeR haRley-daVidsOn scRipt OVeR
• CapaCity 165cc MODEL VARIATIONS “VictORy” camshaFt On Flh silVeR and Red quadRants
MODEL VARIATIONS g/ga • Colors • Colors

Range OF six sOlid cOlORs as Range OF seVen cOlORs as standaRd.
st/stu
MODEL KH standaRd. metallic gReen
aVailable at extRa cOst On twins.
MODEL G SERVI-CAR • EnginE Flathead V-twin
• EnginE Flathead V-twin • CapaCity 55cu. in.

1958
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
Kh/KhK
1957 Expanded XL range. Rear suspension
on model F big-twins sees Harley’s first
First year of XL Sportster, based on Duo-Glides.
g/ga RACING MODELS
model KH. It will go on to become the
KhRm/KhRm/KhRtt longest-running model in motorcycle MODEL S
MODEL KH KR/KRtt (45cu. in.) history. The model K series now • EnginE aiR-cOOled twO-
• EnginE Flathead V-twin consists of racing bikes only. stROKe single
MODEL F
• CapaCity 55cu. in. MODEL S • CapaCity 125cc
• EnginE OhV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE aiR-cOOled twO-
• CapaCity 74cu. in. stROKe single
MODEL ST
Kh • EnginE aiR-cOOled twO-
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 125cc
stROKe single
RACING MODELS
Fl/Fle/FleF/FlF/Flh/FlhF
KhRm (RaceR) MODEL ST • CapaCity 165cc
• nEw FEaturEs
KR/KRtt (45cu. in. RaceRs) tanK emblem with letteR “V” and • EnginE aiR-cOOled twO- MODEL VARIATIONS
haRley-daVidsOn in scRipt behind stROKe single
st/stu
MODEL F • Colors • CapaCity 165cc
• EnginE OhV V-twin Range OF seVen sOlid cOlORs as MODEL G SERVI-CAR
standaRd. twO-tOne
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 74Cu. in. cOmbinatiOns at extRa cOst. st/stu • EnginE Flathead V-twin
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL F MODEL F

MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
G/GA • CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in.

MODEL XL
FL/FLF/FLH/ FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF
• EnginE OHV V-twin FLHF
• CapaCity 55cu. in. MODEL KR RACERS
MODEL KR RACERS 1960 FLH Duo-GlidE • EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin
XL/XLH/XLc/XLcH • CapaCity 45cu. in.
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL KR RACERS
RACING MODELS • EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS kR/kRtt
XLRtt • CapaCity 45cu. in.
kR/kRtt
• nEw FEaturEs
MODEL F MODEL VARIATIONS new ciRcLe And stAR tAnk embLem
• nEw FEaturEs
“ARROw-FLiGHt” tAnk bAdGe kR/kRtt • Colors RAnGe OF cOLORs As
• EnginE OHV V-twin
• Colors • nEw FEaturEs stAndARd. speciAL pAint FinisHes At
• CapaCity 74cu. in. eXtRA cOst.
RAnGe OF seVen cOLORs As 165cc enGine On mOdeLs A And bt
MODEL VARIATIONS stAndARd.
• Colors
FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF RAnGe OF cOLORs As stAndARd.
1962
speciAL pAint FinisHes At eXtRA cOst.
1960
• nEw FEaturEs
ReAR sHOck AbsORbeRs On
mOdeL F, nOw dubbed tHe
1961
Single range expanded to include
duO-GLide
Harley-Davidson tries to 175cc models. Last year of 165cc in
entice scooter buyers with its BT range. Harley-Davidson buys
MODEL KR RACERS 60 percent stake in Tomahawk Boat
new Topper scooter. Model BT First year for Aermacchi-derived
• EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin replaces ST with upgraded 165cc Sprint, last year for BT Super 10. Dual Company for fiberglass components.
• CapaCity 45cu. in. engine. Harley buys a controlling exhaust optional on Duo-Glides.
stake in Italian small-bike
MODEL AH TOPPER
MODEL VARIATIONS manufacturer, Aermacchi. MODEL AH TOPPER • EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO-
kR/kRtt stROke sinGLe
• EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO-
MODEL A TOPPER stROke sinGLe • CapaCity 165cc
• Colors
wide RAnGe OF cOLORs, ALL As • EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO- • CapaCity 165cc
stAndARd.
MODEL VARIATIONS
stROke sinGLe
MODEL VARIATIONS AH/Au
• CapaCity 165cc
AH/AH
1959
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL B SINGLES
A/Au MODEL BT SUPER 10 • EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO-
stROke sinGLes
• EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO-
Last year of models S and ST. Also last MODEL BT SUPER 10 stROke sinGLe • CapaCity 165cc & 175cc
year of XL in standard Sportster form. • EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO- • CapaCity 165cc MODEL VARIATIONS
stROke sinGLe
MODEL S MODEL VARIATIONS btu pAceR/btF RAnGeR (165cc)
• CapaCity 165cc bt pAceR/btH scAt(175cc)
• EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO- bt/btu
stROke sinGLe MODEL VARIATIONS
SPRINT SPRINT
• CapaCity 125cc bt/btu
• EnginE HORizOntAL OHV
• EnginE HORizOntAL OHV FOuR-
FOuR-stROke sinGLe
MODEL ST MODEL G SERVI-CAR stROke sinGLe
• CapaCity 250cc
• EnginE AiR-cOOLed twO- • EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin • CapaCity 250cc
stROke sinGLe
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 165cc c/H
MODEL VARIATIONS c
MODEL VARIATIONS RACING MODELS
G/GA RACING MODELS
st/stu cRtt
cRtt
MODEL XL
MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL G SERVI-CAR MODEL G SERVI-CAR
• EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin • EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin
• CapaCity 55cu. in. • EnginE FLAtHeAd V-twin
• CapaCity 45cu. in. • CapaCity 45cu. in. • CapaCity 45cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
XLH/XLcH
G/GA G/GA G/GA
RACING MODELS
MODEL XL XLRtt
MODEL XL MODEL XL
• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL F
XL/XLH/XLc/XLcH XLH/XLcH XLH/XLcH
MODEL VARIATIONS
RACING MODELS RACING MODELS RACING MODELS
FL/FLF/FLH/
XLRtt FLHF XLRtt XLRtt
MODEL F MODEL F MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS

• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin xLH/xLcH xLH/xLcH
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in. RACING MODELS RACING MODELS
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS xLRtt xLRtt
FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF
MODEL F MODEL F
MODEL KR RACERS MODEL KR RACERS • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
• EnginE FLatHead V-twin • EnginE FLatHead V-twin • CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in.
• CapaCity 45cu. in. • CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS FL/FLF/FLH/FLHF FLHb/FLHFb/FLb/FLFb
MODEL VARIATIONS
KR/KRtt KR/KRtt MODEL KR RACERS MODEL KR RACERS
• nEw FEaturEs • nEw FEaturEs
new 175cc singLe engine • EnginE FLatHead V-twin • EnginE FLatHead V-twin
ReVised tanK embLem
“tOmbstOne” speedOmeteR • CapaCity 45cu. in. • CapaCity 45cu. in.
FeatuRed On twins • Colors
Range OF cOLORs as standaRd. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
• Colors
speciaL paint FinisHes aVaiLabLe at
Range OF cOLORs as standaRd. KR/KRtt KR/KRtt
extRa cOst.
speciaL paint FinisHes aVaiLabLe
at extRa cOst. • nEw FEaturEs • nEw FEaturEs
eLectRic staRteR On mOdeL ge eLectRic staRteR On mOdeL F
1964
seRVi-caR
• Colors
1963
• Colors Range OF cOLORs as standaRd.
Range OF FOuR cOLORs as speciaL paint FinisHes aVaiLabLe at
Last year of AU, restricted version of standaRd. speciaL paint FinisHes extRa cOst.
at extRa cOst.
F models are biggest sellers this year. Topper. Last year of Duo-Glide. Servi-
Willie G. Davidson joins the Harley- Car gets Harley’s first electric starter.
Davidson board.
MODEL AH TOPPER
MODEL AH TOPPER
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- 1965 1966
stROKe singLe First year of new “Shovelhead” OHV
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- Electric starter on model F gives birth engine, a revision of the “Panhead”
stROKe singLe • CapaCity 165cc to the Electra Glide name. New model unit. Only year of Bobcat. Last year of
• CapaCity 165cc MODEL VARIATIONS M 50cc Italian bikes. Last year of 50cc in M series and US-made singles.
“Panhead” engine, Topper scooter, and
MODEL VARIATIONS aH/au MODEL M LEGGERO
Scat and Pacer singles.
aH/au
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO-
MODEL M LEGGERO stROKe singLe
MODEL B SINGLES • EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- • CapaCity 50cc
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- stROKe singLe
stROKe singLe
• CapaCity 50cc MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 175cc m-50/m-50 spORt
MODEL AH TOPPER
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL BTH BOBCAT
1964 AH ToppEr • EnginE aiR-cOOLed singLe
bt paceR/btu paceR/btH scat
• CapaCity 165cc • EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO-
stROKe singLe
SPRINT MODEL B SINGLES MODEL B SINGLE • CapaCity 175cc
• EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR- • EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- • EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO-
stROKe singLe stROKe singLe
stROKe singLe SPRINT
• CapaCity 250cc • CapaCity 175cc • CapaCity 175cc • EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR-
stROKe singLe
c/H bt paceR/btu paceR/btH scat bt paceR/btH scat • CapaCity 250cc

RACING MODELS MODEL VARIATIONS
SPRINT SPRINT
cRtt c/H
• EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR- • EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR-
stROKe singLe RACING MODELS
MODEL G SERVI-CAR stROKe singLe
• CapaCity 250cc • CapaCity 250cc

• EnginE FLatHead V-twin cRtt
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL GE SERVI-CAR
c/H c/H
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE FLatHead V-twin
g/ga RACING MODELS RACING MODELS • CapaCity 45cu. in.
cRtt cRtt
MODEL XL MODEL XL
• EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL GE SERVI-CAR MODEL GE SERVI-CAR • EnginE OHV V-twin
• CapaCity 55cu. in. • EnginE FLatHead V-twin • EnginE FLatHead V-twin
xLH/xLcH MODEL XL MODEL XL xLH/xLcH
RACING MODELS • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin RACING MODELS
xLRtt • CapaCity 55cu. in. • CapaCity 55cu. in. xLRtt
MODEL F • Colors SPRINT MODEL VARIATIONS

BLacK OR BLue On twinS. OtHeR
• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR- xLH/xLcH
cOLORS aVaiLaBLe at extRa cOSt.
StROKe SingLe
• CapaCity 350cc MODEL F
MODEL VARIATIONS
1968
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB
SS/eRS
MODEL KR RACERS M model has 125cc version added. MODEL VARIATIONS
Last year for 250cc Sprint. Cal MODEL GE SERVI-CAR FLH/FLHF/FLp/FLpF
• EnginE FLatHead V-twin
Raybourn rides a KRTT to victory at • EnginE FLatHead V-twin
• CapaCity 45cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs “SHOVeLHead”
Daytona 200. First year of no kick- • CapaCity 45cu. in. unit nOw HaS aLteRnatOR inStead
MODEL VARIATIONS starter on Sportsters. OF geneRatOR
new Racing V-twin FOR xR750
KR/KRtt
MODEL M MODEL XL
• Colors
• nEw FEaturEs • EnginE OHV V-twin
“SHOVeLHead” engine FOR mOdeL F • EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- wHite OR BLue.
HexagOnaL tanK Badge StROKe SingLeS • CapaCity 55cu. in.
• Colors • CapaCity 65cc & 125cc
1971
MODEL VARIATIONS
Range OF FOuR cOLORS aS
StandaRd. SpeciaL paint FiniSHeS
MODEL VARIATIONS xLH/xLcH
at extRa cOSt. m-65/m-65 SpORt,
m-125 RapidO MODEL F First year of new FX Super Glide,
• EnginE OHV V-twin brainchild of Willie G. Davidson and
1967 SPRINT Harley’s first official custom bike. Last

• CapaCity 74cu. in. year of 55cu. in. Sportster and M-65.
• EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR- XLCH is the most popular
StROKe SingLe
MODEL VARIATIONS
New version of model M added with model this year.
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB
larger-capacity engine. XLH model • CapaCity 250cc
gets an electric starter. • nEw FEaturEs MODEL M
MODEL VARIATIONS 350cc engine in SpRint • EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO-
MODEL M LEGGERO SS/H • Colors StROKe SingLeS
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- BLacK, ORange, OR wHite On • CapaCity 65cc, 100cc, & 125cc
StROKe SingLe MODEL GE SERVI-CAR twinS. OtHeR cOLORS aVaiLaBLe at
extRa cOSt. MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 65cc • EnginE FLatHead V-twin
m-65 LegeRRO (65cc), mSR Baja
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 45cu. in.
(100cc), mLS RapidO (125cc)
m-65/m-65 SpORt
SPRINT
MODEL XL
1970 SPRINT
• EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR-
First year of new 45cu. in. racer, the
• EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR- • CapaCity 55cu. in.
StROKe SingLe
StROKe SingLe
XR750, which goes on to be Harley’s
most successful racing bike. Also first • CapaCity 350cc
• CapaCity 250cc MODEL VARIATIONS
year of “Shovelhead” with alternator MODEL VARIATIONS
xLH/xLcH rather than generator and the 100cc
MODEL VARIATIONS SS/Sx/eRS
Aermacchi Baja.
SS/H MODEL F
MODEL M MODEL GE SERV-CAR
RACING MODELS • EnginE OHV V-twin
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO-StROKe • EnginE FLatHead V-twin
cRtt • CapaCity 74cu. in. SingLeS
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 65cc, 100cc & 125cc
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB
MODEL XR
MODEL VARIATIONS
• nEw FEaturEs m-65 LegeRRO (65cc), mSR Baja
125cc engine in m-RapidO (100cc), mLS RapidO (125cc) • CapaCity 45cu. in.
eLectRic StaRteR and ReStyLed
1967 CRTT
inStRument cOnSOLe On
SPRINT MODEL XL
SpORtSteRS
• EnginE HORizOntaL OHV FOuR- • EnginE OHV V-twin
• Colors StROKe SingLe
MODEL GE SERVI-CAR BLacK OR ORange On twinS. OtHeR • CapaCity 55cu. in.
cOLORS aVaiLaBLe at extRa cOSt. • CapaCity 350cc
• EnginE FLatHead V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS xLH/xLcH
1969
SS/eRS
MODEL XL MODEL F
• EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL GE SERV-CAR • EnginE OHV V-twin
American Machine and Foundry • EnginE FLatHead V-twin • CapaCity 74cu. in.
Company (AMF) buys controlling
MODEL VARIATIONS stake in Harley-Davidson. First year • CapaCity 45cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
of 350cc Sprint. FLH/FLHF/FLp/FLpF
xLH/xLcH MODEL XR
MODEL M • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL F
• EnginE aiR-cOOLed twO- • CapaCity 45cu. in.
• EnginE OHV V-twin StROKe SingLeS
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 65cc & 125cc MODEL XL

MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE OHV V-twin
FLHB/FLHFB/FLB/FLFB m-65/m-65 SpORt, m-125 RapidO • CapaCity 55cu. in.
1971 FX
MODEL FX
• EnginE OHV V-twin 1973 MODEL VARIATIONS
X-90/z-90 (90cc)
125ss/125sX (125cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS
XlH/XlcH
• CapaCity 74cu. in. Last year of model GE Servi-Car, 175ss/175sX (175cc)
with disc brakes added. New MODEL F
• nEw FEaturEs
AMF lOgO nOw Added tO tAnk range of 90cc and 125cc SPRINT • EnginE OHV V-twin
singles introduced. • CapaCity 74cu. in.
• Colors • EnginE HOrizOntAl OHV FOur-
wHite Or blue.
TWO-STROKE SINGLES strOke single
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE Air-cOOled twO- • CapaCity 350cc
Fl/FlH/FlHF
1972
strOke singles
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 90cc & 125cc ss/sX MODEL FX
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE OHV V-twin
First year for 61cu. in. Sportster and MODEL XR
last year for Baja and Rapido singles. X-90/z-90 (90cc) • CapaCity 74cu. in.
AMF adds its name to tank logos 125ss/125sX (125cc) • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
across the range. Harley enters into • CapaCity 45cu. in.
production of snowmobiles. SPRINT FX/FXe
• EnginE HOrizOntAl OHV FOur- MODEL XL • Colors
MODEL M strOke single wHite, burgundy, blAck,
• EnginE Air-cOOled twO- Or blue.
• CapaCity 350cc
strOke singles • CapaCity 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 65cc, 100cc, MODEL VARIATIONS
& 125cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
ss/sX
MODEL GE SERV-CAR
XlH/XlcH
1976
M-65 legerrO/Mc-65 spOrtster MODEL F Only year that the World
(65cc), Msr bAjA (100cc) • EnginE FlAtHeAd V-twin Championship-winning RR250 is
Mls rApidO (125cc) • CapaCity 45cu. in. cataloged. Production rises to almost
50,000 bikes this year.
SPRINT MODEL XR MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE HOrizOntAl OHV FOur- Fl/FlH/FlHF
TWO-STROKE SINGLES
strOke single • EnginE Air-cOOled twO-
• CapaCity 350cc MODEL FX strOke singles
• EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 125cc, 175cc, & 250cc

MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL XL
ss/sX/ers • EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 74cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 61cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS 125ss/125sX (125cc)
MODEL GE SERV-CAR FX/FXe
175ss/175sX (175cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS 250ss/250sX (250cc)
• EnginE FlAtHeAd V-twin
XlH/XlcH • nEw FEaturEs
• CapaCity 45cu. in. electric stArter nOw AVAilAble MODEL RR250
On super glide (FXe)
MODEL F • EnginE twO-strOke twin
MODEL XR RACER • Colors
• EnginE OHV V-twin wHite, burgundy, blAck, Or blue. • CapaCity 250cc
1975
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL XRTT RACER FlH/FlHF/Flp/FlpF
MODEL FX First year for new 250cc two-stroke
• CapaCity 45cu. in. singles. Chassis manufacture and final
• EnginE OHV V-twin bike assembly moved to larger premises
MODEL XL • CapaCity 74cu. in. in York, Pennsylvania, 1976 RR250
• EnginE OHV V-twin with engine manufacture kept
• nEw FEaturEs
90cc single engine in Milwaukee.
125cc single engine MODEL XRTT
MODEL VARIATIONS
TWO-STROKE SINGLES
• Colors • EnginE OHV V-twin
wHite Or blue. • EnginE Air-cOOled twO-
XlH/XlcH
strOke singles • CapaCity 45cu. in.
MODEL F • CapaCity 125cc, 175cc,
1974
& 250cc MODEL XL
125ss/125sX (125cc) • CapaCity 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS First year for 175cc singles and electric 175ss/175sX (175cc)
250ss/250sX (250cc) MODEL VARIATIONS
FlH/FlHF/Flp/FlpF start Super Glide. Harley wins 250cc
World Championship with Aermacchi XlH/XlcH (plus speciAl “liberty”
MODEL FX machine. Last year for Sprint MODEL XR editiOns)
and 90cc bikes. • EnginE OHV V-twin

• EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL F
TWO-STROKE SINGLES • CapaCity 45cu. in.
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • EnginE OHV V-twin
• nEw FEaturEs • EnginE Air-cOOled twO- MODEL XL • CapaCity 74cu. in.
rectAngulAr AMF/Hd bAdge strOke singles
• EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
• Colors • CapaCity 90cc, 125cc,
wHite Or blues. And 175cc • CapaCity 61cu. in. FlH/FlH “liberty” editiOn
MODEL FX MODEL MX RACER MODEL FX MODEL XL

• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE twO-strOkE sinGlE • EnginE OHV V-twins • EnginE OHV V-twin
• CapaCity 74cu. in. • CapaCity 250cc • CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. • CapaCity 61cu. in.

MODEL XR
FX/FXE (plus “liBErty” EditiOns) FX/FXE/FXs/FXEF (74cu. in.) XlH/Xls
• EnginE OHV V-twin FX/FXs/FXEF (80cu. in.)
• Colors
wHitE, BurGundy, Black, OranGE, • CapaCity 45cu. in. • Colors MODEL FLH
silVEr, BrOwn, Or BluE. cHOicE OF ninE standard cOlOrs.
MODEL XL
1977 • CapaCity 61cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
1980 MODEL VARIATIONS
FlH/FlH (HEritaGE)/
First year of XLCR Café Racer, FXS Last year of 74cu. in. “Shovelhead” FlHs/FlHc
XlH/XlH/XlcH/Xlt/Xlcr unit. New models FLT Tour Glide,
Low Rider, and FLT. Only year of XlH (anniVErsary EditiOn)
FLHS Electra Glide. Last year of FXB Sturgis, FXWG Wide Glide, and MODEL FLT
Harley’s singles. XLH Hugger.
TWO-STROKE SINGLES MODEL XR • CapaCity 80cu. in.

• EnginE air-cOOlEd twO- MODEL VARIATIONS
strOkE sinGlEs • CapaCity 45cu. in.
Flt/Fltc
• CapaCity 125cc, 175cc, & 250cc
MODEL XL MODEL FX
MODEL VARIATIONS 1978 XLCR
• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
125ss/125sX (125cc)
175ss/175sX (175cc) • CapaCity 61cu. in.
250ss/250sX (250cc)
• EnginE OHV V-twins MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL MX RACER • CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. XlH/Xls
FXE/FXs/FXB/FXEF/FXwG
• EnginE twO-strOkE sinGlE MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL FLH • nEw FEaturEs
• CapaCity 250cc FlH HEritaGE is rEturnEd
FlH/FlH (anniVErsary EditiOn) • EnginE OHV V-twins tO OriGinal stylinG witH
FlH (80cu. in.)
MODEL XR • CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. FEaturEs sucH as lEatHEr
saddlEBaGs
MODEL FX MODEL VARIATIONS
• Colors
• EnginE OHV V-twin FlH (74cu. in.)
• CapaCity 45cu. in. cHOicE OF 12 standard cOlOrs.
• CapaCity 74cu. in. FlH/FlHs/FlHc (80cu. in.)
MODEL XL MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FLT
1982
• EnginE OHV V-twin FX/FXE/FXs
• CapaCity 61cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs
80cu. in. BiG-twin EnGinE dual
MODEL VARIATIONS disc FrOnt BrakEs On spOrtstErs Despite streamlining of the company
XlH/XlcH/Xlt/Xlcr • Colors
MODEL FX resulting in a number of layoffs, new
cHOicE OF ninE standard cOlOrs. • EnginE OHV V-twins
FXR and FXRS Super Glides launched
MODEL F in exciting new era for the company.
• CapaCity 74cu. in. & Last year for Fat Bob, Low Rider, and
• EnginE OHV V-twin 80cu. in. Sturgis. The Sportster celebrates its
MODEL VARIATIONS
1979 MODEL VARIATIONS
FXE/FXs (74cu. in.)
25th anniversary, with special editions
released.
First year of new XLS “roadster” model, FXB/FXs/FXEF/FXwG
FlH/FlHs FXEF Fat Bobs, FLHC Electra Glide MODEL XR
(80cu. in.)
Classic, and FXS Low Rider with larger • EnginE OHV V-twin
• nEw FEaturEs
MODEL FX 80cu. in. engine. Last year of XLCH.
ruBBEr-mOuntEd EnGinE tO rEducE • CapaCity 45cu. in.
• EnginE OHV V-twin ViBratiOn On Flt
MODEL XR FiVE-spEEd GEarBOX On Flt
• CapaCity 74cu. in. BElt Final-driVE On FXB
MODEL XL
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 45cu. in. • Colors
cHOicE OF EiGHt standard cOlOrs. • CapaCity 61cu. in.
FX/FXE/FXs
MODEL XL MODEL VARIATIONS
• nEw FEaturEs
rEdEsiGnEd FramE FOr nEw Xlcr XlH/Xls, XlHa/Xlsa
• Colors
cHOicE OF EiGHt standard cOlOrs.
MODEL VARIATIONS
1981 (anniVErsary EditiOns)
MODEL FLH
XlH/XlcH/Xls Harley-Davidson management buys
company back from AMF. Advertising • EnginE OHV V-twin
1978 MODEL F
• EnginE OHV V-twins
slogan is “The Eagle Soars Alone”.
First year for 80cu. in. FXE Super
Glide, replacing 74cu. in. model.
MODEL VARIATIONS
First year of new 80cu. in. • CapaCity 74cu. in. & 80cu. in. FlH/FlHs/FlHF
“Shovelhead” unit. Last year of MODEL XR
MODEL VARIATIONS
XLCR, XLT, and FX Super Glide. • EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL FLT
Harley ends its association with the FlH/FlH(pOlicE)(74cu. in.)
FlH/FlH(pOlicE)/FlHc (80cu. in.) • CapaCity 45cu. in. • EnginE OHV V-twin
Aermacchi company.
• CapaCity 80cu. in. • nEw FEaturEs MODEL FXST MODEL XLH

aLuminum diSc REaR wHEEL On
MODEL VARIATIONS FXdG • EnginE OHV V-Twin • EnginE OHV V-TwinS
BELT FinaL-dRiVE On mOST mOdELS (EVOLuTiOn)
FLT/FLTc • CapaCity 883cc & 1100cc
• Colors
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FX cHOicE OF ninE STandaRd • nEw FEaturEs
cOLORS. FXST SOFTaiL FEaTuRES REaR XLH-883 (3 STyLES)/XLH-1100
• EnginE OHV V-Twin SuSpEnSiOn HiddEn undER FRamE XLH-1100 (LiBERTy EdiTiOn)
cHOicE OF ninE STandaRd cOLORS. MODEL FLH
1984
MODEL VARIATIONS [SOmE EaRLiER BikES maRkEd aS
• EnginE OHV V-Twin
FXE/FXS/FXB/FXwG HaVinG THE EVOLuTiOn EnGinE
may wELL HaVE uSEd THE • CapaCity 80cu. in.
Last year of “Shovelhead” and SHOVELHEad uniT.]
MODEL FXR MODEL VARIATIONS
first year of all-new V2 “Evolution”
• EnginE OHV V-Twin FLHTc
engine. New FXST Softail is an
1985
• CapaCity 80cu. in. update of “hardtail” bikes, with
rear suspension incorporated behind MODEL FLT
MODEL VARIATIONS
frame. Only year of limited-edition • EnginE OHV V-Twin
FXR/FXRS FXRDG, based on FXRS, with rear First and only year for FXRC Low
• nEw FEaturEs nEw FRamE On disc wheel. Last year of XR1000. Glide Custom as well as FXEF and
XL mOdELS wiTH REpOSiTiOnEd OiL Sportsters switch to single front FXSB Fat Bobs. Evolution engine now MODEL VARIATIONS
Tank and BaTTERy
disc brake. used across the big-twin range. Belt FLTc
• Colors drive on most models.
cHOicE OF 13 STandaRd cOLORS. MODEL XL/XR
MODEL XL MODEL FXR
• EnginE OHV V-Twin • EnginE OHV V-Twin
1983
MODEL VARIATIONS
XLH/XLS/XLX-61/XR1000
XLH/XLS/XLX-61 FXR/FXRS/FXRT/FXRd
New model XR1000 sports bike based
on Sportster engine and XLH chassis. MODEL FLH
Various new styles and models released MODEL FLT MODEL FXS
based on 80cu. in. engine, including (SHOVELHEad) • EnginE OHV V-Twin • EnginE OHV V-Twin
FXSB Low Rider and FXDG with rear • CapaCity 80cu. in.
disc wheel. Harley Owners’ Group
(H.O.G.) formed. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLTc/FLHTc FXST/FXSTc/FXwG/FLST
MODEL XL/XR FLH/FLHS/FLHX
• nEw FEaturEs
• EnginE OHV V-Twin MODEL FXWG 883cc and 1100cc EVOLuTiOn
• CapaCity 61cu. in. • EnginE OHV V-Twin EnGinES FOR SpORTSTER RanGE
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 80cu. in. • Colors

cHOicE OF SEVEn STandaRd
XLH/XLS/XLX-61/XR1000
MODEL FXR cOLORS. SpEciaL anniVERSaRy
EdiTiOnS OF SOmE mOdELS.
MODEL FLH • EnginE OHV V-Twin
• EnginE OHV V-Twin • CapaCity 80cu. in.
1987
• CapaCity 80cu. in. 1984 FLHX MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS FXRS/FXRT/FXRc
FLH/FLHS MODEL FLT MODEL FXS Harley-Davidson floats on the stock

• EnginE OHV V-Twin • EnginE OHV V-Twin market. First year of FLHS Electra
MODEL FLT (EVOLuTiOn) Glide Sport and FLSTC, with special
• EnginE OHV V-Twin • CapaCity 80cu. in. touring accessories. Super Glides get
• CapaCity 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS belt final drive. Harley celebrates 30th
MODEL VARIATIONS
anniversary of Sportster and renews
FXST/FXSB/FXEF
MODEL VARIATIONS FLTc/FLHTc contracts with police departments.
• Colors
FLT/FLTc/FLHT/FLHTc
MODEL FX cHOicE OF SiX STandaRd cOLORS.
MODEL XLH
MODEL FX • EnginE OHV V-Twin • EnginE OHV V-TwinS
(SHOVELHEad)
1986
• CapaCity 883cc & 1100cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS XLH-883 (3 STyLES)/XLH-1100
FXE/FXSB/FXwG Revamp of the Sportster range, with
FXE/FXSB/FXdG/FXwG XLH-1100 (anniVERSaRy EdiTiOn)
new 883cc and 1100cc Evolution
MODEL FXR engines. Special “Liberty” editions of
MODEL FXR some models introduced, with special MODEL FLH
• EnginE OHV V-Twin (EVOLuTiOn) graphics. New FLST Heritage Softail • EnginE OHV V-Twin
in style of old Hydra-Glide, with wire-
spoked wheels and shrouds on front
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS forks. FXR reintroduces the Super MODEL VARIATIONS
Glide name, with chain drive for
FXR/FXRS/FXRT FXRS/FXRT/FXRp/FXRdG FLHS/FLHTc
this year only.
MODEL FLT
1990 MODEL FLT
• nEw FEaturEs
1200cc SpORtSteR engine
• EnginE OHV V-twin SpRingeR LeaDing-Link FORkS • EnginE OHV V-twin
RetuRn On tHe FXSt
• CapaCity 80cu. in. First year of FLSTF “Fat Boy”, with • CapaCity 80 cu. in.
• Colors disc wheels, dual exhaust system, and
cHOice OF 12 StanDaRD cOLORS. unique Harley styling. Self-canceling
FLtc SOme 85tH anniVeRSaRy mODeLS turn signals now on all models. FLtc/FLtcu
aLSO pRODuceD.
MODEL FXR MODEL XLH MODEL FXR
• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twinS • EnginE OHV V-twin
1989
• CapaCity 80cu. in. • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc • CapaCity 80 cu. in.
FXR/FXRS/FXRt/FXRD New racing series begins based solely XLH-883 (3 StyLeS)/XLH-1200 FXR/FXRS/FXRt/FXLR
on the 883 Sportster. Ultra package
SOFTAILS available for Electra Glide. MODEL FLH MODEL FXD
• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL XLH
• CapaCity 80cu. in. • CapaCity 80 cu. in. • CapaCity 80cu. in.
• EnginE OHV V-twinS
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc SOFTAILS
FXSt/FXStc/FLSt/FLStc FLHS/FLHtc/FLHtcu
• nEw FEaturEs
DetacHabLe winDSHieLD On FLHS
XLH-883 (3 StyLeS)/XLH-1200 MODEL FLT • CapaCity 80cu. in.

• Colors
cHOice OF SeVen StanDaRD MODEL FLH
• CapaCity 80 cu. in. FXStc/FXStS/FLStc/FLStF
cOLORS. anniVeRSaRy eDitiOnS • EnginE OHV V-twin
OF SOme mODeLS. MODEL VARIATIONS • nEw FEaturEs
• CapaCity 80cu. in. Dyna cHaSSiS witH LaRge SectiOn
FLtc/FLtcu/ Spine anD VibRatiOn-iSOLating
MODEL VARIATIONS RubbeR mOunting SyStem
1988 FLHS/FLHtc/FLHtcu MODEL FXR FiVe-SpeeD geaRbOX On SpORtSteRS,

SOme witH beLt DRiVe
Larger 1200cc unit replaces 1100cc MODEL FLT • CapaCity 80 cu. in.
• Colors
cHOice OF 11 StanDaRD cOLORS.
engine in Sportster range. First year • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
of Springer Softail, deploying
leading-link forks. FXR/FXRS/FXRt/FXLR
MODEL XLH
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLtc/FLtcu
SOFTAILS
1992
First (and only) year of FXDB Dyna-
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc Glide Daytona and FXDC Super
• CapaCity 80 cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS Dyna-Glide Custom.
MODEL VARIATIONS
XLH-883 (3 StyLeS)/XLH-1200 MODEL XLH
FXSt/FXStc/FXStS/FLSt/
FLStc/FLStF • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL FLH
• nEw FEaturEs • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
DiSc wHeeLS On FLStF MODEL VARIATIONS
• Colors XLH-883 (3 StyLeS)/XLH-1200
MODEL VARIATIONS 1989 FLTC
cHOice OF 12 StanDaRD cOLORS.
FLHS/FLHtc MODEL FLH
MODEL FXR • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL FLT
1991
• EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 80cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS First and only year of FXDB Dyna- FLHS/FLHtc/FLHtcu
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXR/FXRS/FXRt/
Glide Sturgis, using new Dyna-Glide
FLtc frame with rubber engine mountings. MODEL FLT
FXLR
MODEL FXR MODEL XLH
SOFTAILS • CapaCity 80cu. in.
• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twinS
• CapaCity 80cu. in. • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
• CapaCity 80cu. in. FLtc/FLtcu
FXR/FXRS/FXRt/FXLR
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL FXR
XLH-883 (3 StyLeS)/XLH-1200
FXSt/FXStc/FXStS/FLSt/ • EnginE OHV V-twin
SOFTAILS FLStc
MODEL FLH • CapaCity 80cu. in.
• EnginE OHV V-twin • nEw FEaturEs
“uLtRa” acceSSORy package (witH • EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 80cu. in. u DeSignatiOn) OFFeRS cRuiSe • CapaCity 80 cu. in. FXR/FXRS/FXRt/FXLR
cOntROL anD muSic SyStem
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXSt/FXStc/FXStS/FLSt/ • Colors
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL FXD
FLStc cHOice OF 11 StanDaRD cOLORS. FLHS/FLHtc/FLHtcu • EnginE OHV V-twin
• CapaCity 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL XLH MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS FXStc/FXStS/FLStc/FLStF/FLStn • EnginE OHV V-twinS FLHt/FLHtc/FLHtcu/FLHtcui
FXDB/FXDc • Colors • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc

cHOice OF 10 StanDarD cOLOrS. MODEL FXD
SpeciaL anniVerSary eDitiOnS OF MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE OHV V-twin
SOFTAILS SOme mODeLS.
• CapaCity 80cu. in. MODEL FLH MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXStc/FXStS/FLStc/FLStF
1994 • EnginE OHV V-twin
FXD/FXDL/FXDwG/FXDS
SOFTAILS
Last year of FXR models. First year of
• nEw FEaturEs GOLD wHeeLS MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHR Road King and FXDS • EnginE OHV V-twin
anD rear SprOcket On FXDB Convertible, with detachable FLHr/FLHt/FLHtc/FLHtcu/
saddlebags allowing it to convert from FLHtcui (anniVerSary eDitiOn)
• Colors
wiDe cHOice OF StanDarD cOLOrS a tourer to a custom bike. MODEL VARIATIONS
aVaiLaBLe. MODEL FLT FXStc/FXStS/FXStSB/FLStc/
MODEL XLH • EnginE OHV V-twin FLStF/FLStn
• EnginE OHV V-twinS • CapaCity 80cu. in. • Colors
1993
cHOice OF ten StanDarD cOLOrS.
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS FLtc/FLtcu
1997
Harley buys a stake in Buell sports bike MODEL FXD
company. Return of the Wide Glide in MODEL FLH • EnginE OHV V-twin
the form of the new FXDWG. New Very little change in model range, but
FXDL Low Rider, also new FLSTS Heritage Springer Softail
based on Dyna-Glide chassis. FLSTN • CapaCity 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS revisits late-1940s styling.
is limited-edition Nostalgia version
MODEL VARIATIONS FXD/FXDL/FXDwG/FXDS
of Heritage Softail. MODEL XLH
FLHr/FLHtc/FLHtcu
MODEL XLH SOFTAILS
MODEL FLT • EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
• EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS

• CapaCity 80cu. in. XLH-883 (2 StyLeS)
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS XLH-1200/XLH-1200c/XLH-1200S
MODEL VARIATIONS FXStc/FXStS/FXStSB/FLStc/
XLH-883 (3 StyLeS)/XLH-1200/ FLStF/FLStn
XLH-1200(anniVerSary mODeL) FLtc/FLtcu MODEL FLH
• nEw FEaturEs
SequentiaL pOrt FueL-injectiOn On • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL FLH MODEL FXR
FLHtcui • CapaCity 80cu. in.
• EnginE OHV V-twin aDjuStaBLe SuSpenSiOn On FLHt
mODeLS MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 80cu. in. • Colors FLHr/FLHri
MODEL VARIATIONS cHOice OF 11 StanDarD cOLOrS.
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXr/FXLr
FLHS/FLHtc/FLHtcu
1996
MODEL FXD
MODEL FLT
• CapaCity 80cu. in. Revised Sportster range sees expanded
• CapaCity 80cu. in. 1200cc models including Custom and
MODEL VARIATIONS
Sport bikes. Custom has laced front
MODEL VARIATIONS FXDL/FXDwG/FXDS wheel and disc rear wheel. Fuel 1997 FLHRI
FLtc/FLtcu injection now on a number of
SOFTAILS Electra Glide models.
MODEL FXR • EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL XLH MODEL FLHT
• EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 80cu. in. • EnginE OHV V-twin
• CapaCity 80cu. in. MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc • CapaCity 80cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS FXStc/FXStS/FLStc/FLStF/

FLStn
FXr/FXrS/FXLr XLH-883 (2 StyLeS) FLHt/FLHtc/FLHtcu/FLHtcui
• Colors
XLH-1200/XLH-1200c/XLH-1200S
cHOice OF FiVe StanDarD cOLOrS.
MODEL FXD MODEL FXD
MODEL FLH
MODEL VARIATIONS
1995 • CapaCity 80cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXDL/FXDwG Harley-Davidson’s first fuel-injected
FLHr/FLHri FXD/FXDL/FXDwG/FXDS
model, the FLHTCUI. Electra Glide
celebrates its 30th anniversary, with
SOFTAILS some special editions produced. New MODEL FLHT SOFTAILS
• EnginE OHV V-twin base models for both the Electra Glide • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
and the Super Glide, plus a new Bad
Boy with Springer forks.
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL FLHT MODEL VARIATIONS

FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTC/FLSTF/FLSTS XL53C (883CC) • EnginE ohV V-TWin FXST/FXSTB/FXSTd/FXSTS/
XLh-883/XLh-883 huGGer/ FLSTC/FLSTF
• Colors XLh-883C • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
Wide ChoiCe oF STandard CoLorS. XLh-1200/XLh-1200C/XLh-1200S • nEw FEaturEs Four-piSTon
MODEL VARIATIONS CaLLiper BrakeS on aLL modeLS
FuLLy adjuSTaBLe FronT and rear
MODEL FLH FLhT/FLhTCui/FLTri/ SuSpenSion on FXdX
1998
• EnginE ohV V-TWin • Colors
MODEL FXD Wide ranGe oF STandard CoLorS.
• CapaCity 88Cu. in.
• EnginE ohV V-TWin
New Sportster Sport released with MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 88 Cu. in.
chrome and silver finish and digital
single-fire ignition system. Rumors of
the release of Harley’s new big-twin
FLhr/FLhrCi
MODEL FLHT
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXd/FXdX/FXdWG/FXdL
2002
Introduction of flat-track inspired
engine after five years in development.
• EnginE ohV V-TWin 883R. Introduction of all-new
SOFTAILS
MODEL XLH • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
1130cc VRSCA V-Rod, one of the
• EnginE ohV V-TWin most radical machines ever built
• EnginE ohV V-TWinS MODEL VARIATIONS by Harley-Davidson. Features
• CapaCity 88 Cu. in.
• CapaCity 883CC & 1200CC FLhT/FLhTCi/FLhTCui a completely new, liquid-cooled,
MODEL VARIATIONS 60° V-twin engine in a cruiser-style
MODEL VARIATIONS chassis. Smaller “bullet” indicators
MODEL FXD FXST/FXSTB/FXSTd/FXSTS/
used across the range.
XLh-883 (2 STyLeS) FLSTC/FLSTF
XLh-1200/XLh-1200C/ • EnginE ohV V-TWin
XLh-1200S • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
• nEw FEaturEs Four-piSTon MODEL XL/XLH
CaLiper BrakeS on aLL modeLS
FuLLy adjuSTaBLe FronT and rear • EnginE ohV V-TWin
MODEL FLH MODEL VARIATIONS SuSpenSion on FXdX
• CapaCity 883CC & 1200CC
• EnginE ohV V-TWin FXd/FXdS/FXdWG/FXdL • Colors
Wide ranGe oF STandard CoLorS. MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 80 Cu. in. SOFTAILS XL53C (883CC)
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE ohV V-TWin XLh-883/XLh-883 huGGer/
XL-883r
FLhr/FLhrCi
MODEL FLHT
MODEL VARIATIONS
2001 XL-1200C/XL-1200S
MODEL FLH
FXST/FXSTS/FXSTC/FLSTS/ Introduction of Super Glide
• EnginE ohV V-TWin T-Sport variant, effectively a Super • EnginE ohV V-TWin
FLSTF/FLSTC
• CapaCity 80Cu. in. Glide wih handlebar • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
fairing and panniers.
FLhT/FLhTCi/FLhTCui
MODEL XL/XLH FLhT/FLhTCui/FLTri
MODEL FXD • CapaCity 883CC & 1200CC
MODEL FXD (DYNAS)
• EnginE ohV V-TWin • EnginE ohV V-TWin
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 80Cu. in. 1999 FlstF Fat Boy • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
XL53C (883CC)
XLh-883/XLh-883 huGGer/ MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
XLh-883C
• Colors FXd/FXdX/FXdWG/FXdL
FXd/FXdL/FXdWG/FXdS Wide ranGe oF STandard XLh-1200/XLh-1200C/XLh-1200S
CoLorS.
SOFTAILS MODEL FLH SOFTAILS
• EnginE ohV V-TWin • EnginE ohV V-TWin • EnginE ohV V-TWin
2000
• CapaCity 88Cu. in. • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
MODEL VARIATIONS
Revised Softail range, with Twin Cam FXST/FXSTB/FXSTe/FXSTd/
FXSTC/FXSTS/FLSTS/FLSTC/ FLhr/FLhrCi
FLSTF/FLSTC/FLSTS
FLSTF engine introduced across the range in
a revised chassis. FXSTD is new MODEL FLHT
• Colors
Wide ranGe oF STandard CoLorS.
Softail model.
2003
MODEL XL/XLH • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
• EnginE ohV V-TWinS MODEL VARIATIONS Centennial color schemes with special
1999 • CapaCity 883CC & 1200CC
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLhT/FLhTCui/FLTri/
paint and anniversary badges across
the range.
Introduction of Harley’s largest ever XL53C (883CC) MODEL FXD MODEL XL/XLH
engine, the Twin Cam 88 on Dyna and XLh-883/XLh-883 huGGer/ • EnginE ohV V-TWin
FLH/T models. Increased engine XLh-883C
displacement with increased bore XLh-1200/XLh-1200C/XLh-1200S • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
and shorter stroke create an estimated
MODEL VARIATIONS
10 percent power increase over the MODEL FLH
Evolution. FXd/FXdX/FXdWG/FXdL
MODEL XL/XLH • CapaCity 88Cu. in. SOFTAILS
• EnginE ohV V-TWinS MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE ohV V-TWin
• CapaCity 883CC & 1200CC FLhr/FLhrCi • CapaCity 88Cu. in.
2003 XlH883r
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc TOURERS (FL) V-ROD TOURERS (FL)

MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE DOHc V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
XL53c (883cc) • CapaCity 88cu. in. (1450cc) • CapaCity 1130cc • CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc)
XLH-883/XLH-883 Hugger/ XL-883r
XL-1200c/XL-1200S
FLHr/FLHrc/FLHrS/ VrScB/VrScA FLHX/FLHr/FLHrS/FLHrc/
MODEL FLH FLHt/FLHtc/FLHtc/ FLHt/FLHtc/FLHtcu/FLHr
FLHtcu
2006
DYNAS (FXD)
• CapaCity 88cu. in. DYNAS (FXD)
MODEL VARIATIONS Dyna range re-engineered with new • CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc)
• CapaCity 88cu. in. (1450cc) frame and a six-speed gearbox, includes
FLHr/FLHrci
a 35th anniversary Super Glide. MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FLHT FXD/FXDL/FXDwg/FXDX SPORTSTERS (XL) FXD/FXDB/FXDL/FXDc/FXDwg
SOFTAILS (ST)
• EnginE OHV V-twin SOFTAILS (ST)
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc)
• CapaCity 88cu. in. (1450cc)
FLHtcui XL883/XL883L/XL883c/XL883r/
MODEL VARIATIONS XL1200c/XL1200r/XL1200L MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL FXD (DYNAS) FLStc/FLStF/FXSt/FXStB/ FXStc/FLStn/FLStSc/FLStc/
• EnginE OHV V-twin FXStD/FXStS TOURERS (FL) FXSt/FXStB/FXStD
V-ROD • CapaCity 88cu. in. (1450cc)
V-ROD
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE DOHc V-twin • EnginE DOHc V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXD/FXDX/FXDwg/FXDL/ • CapaCity 1130cc • CapaCity 1250cc
FXDXt FLHr/FLHrS/FLHrc/FLtr/
FLHX/FLHt/FLHtc/FLHtcu
SOFTAILS VrScDX/VrScF DYNAS (FXD) VrScAw/VrScX/VrScDX/
VrScD/VrScDX
2005
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXSt/FXStB/FXStDi/FXStS/ New Softail models and CVO versions
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXD/FXDc/FXD35/FXDB/FXDL/
2008
FLStFi/FLStci/FLStS of V-Rod, Fat Boy, and FXDwg 105th anniversary models, include the
Electra Glide. new, custom-look Rocker and Rocker
V-ROD SOFTAILS (ST) C Softail models. And Europe gets the
SPORTSTERS (XL) XR1200.
• EnginE DOHc V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
• CapaCity 1130cc • CapaCity 88cu. in. (1450cc) SPORTSTERS (XL)
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
VrScA FXSt/FXStB/FXStS/FXStS/FXStD/ • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
XL883/XL883c/883L/883r FLSt/FLStF/FLStn/FLStSc/FLStc
XL1200c /XL1200r MODEL VARIATIONS
V-ROD XL883/XL883L/XL883c/XL1200L/
TOURERS (FL) XL1200r/XL1200c
• EnginE DOHc V-twin
• CapaCity 1130cc TOURERS (FL)
MODEL VARIATIONS
2003 VRSCa V-Rod VrScA/VrScD/VrScr • CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc)
FLHr/FLHrc/FLHrS/FLHt/
FLHtc/ FLHtcu/FLtr MODEL VARIATIONS
2004 2007
DYNAS (FXD) FLHr/FLHrc/FLHX/FLHtr/
FLHt/FLHtc/FLHtcu
New chassis and uprated engines for • CapaCity 88cu. in. (1450cc) New 96-cu. in. (1584-cc) engine for DYNAS (FXD)
Dyna, Softail and Touring models, now
the Sportster range. CVO models use • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS all with 6-speed gearbox. V-Rod
bigger 95cu. in. (1550cc) and 103cu.
capacity increases to 1250cc. 50th • CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc)
in. (1690cc) engines. FXD/FXDL/FXDw g/FXDX/FXDc
anniversary Sportster.
MODEL VARIATIONS
SPORTSTERS (XL) SOFTAILS (ST) SPORTSTERS (XL)
FXD/FXDB/FXDL/FXDc/FXDwg/
• EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin FXDL/FXDwc
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc • CapaCity 88cu. in. (1450cc) • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
SOFTAILS (ST)
XL883/XL883c/XL1200c/ FLStc/FLStSc/FLStn/FLStF/ XL883/XL883L/XL883r/XL883c/
XL1200r FXSt/FXStB/FXStD/FXStS XL50/XL1200L/XL1200r/XL1200c • CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS TRI-GLIDE MODEL CVO

FXSTB/FXSRC/FLSTF/FLSTN/ FXSTS/FXDF/FLTR/FLHTCu • EnginE OHV V-TWiN • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
FLSTC/FLSTSB/FXCW/FXCWC
• CapaCity 103Cu. iN. • CapaCity 110Cu. iN.
V-ROD
2010
• EnginE DOHC V-TWiN FLHTCuTG/FLHXXX FLTRu/FLHTCu/FLHX/
FLST
• CapaCity 1250CC Detail changes across the range.
MODEL CVO
MODEL VARIATIONS Police, Firefighter, and Shrine special
2012
editions available. • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
VRSCAW/VRSCD/VRSCDX
• CapaCity 110Cu. iN.
SPORTSTERS (XL)
MODEL VARIATIONS New 103cu. in. (1690cc) engine on
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN
2009 • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc

FLST/FLHX/FLHTCu/
FXDF
Softail and Touring models, and most
Dynas. New Seventy Two Sportster.
Tourers get a new frame, and there is MODEL VARIATIONS SPORTSTERS (XL)
also a trike.
2011
XL883L/XL883N/FORTy-EiGHT/ • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
SPORTSTERS (XL) XL1200L/XL1200N/XL1200C/
XR1200 • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN The 2011 range included the new MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc “Super Low” Sportster 883 and
XL883L/XL883N/XL1200V SEVENTy
the Road Glide Ultra featuring TWO/XL1200X FORTy-EiGHT/
MODEL VARIATIONS the 130cu. in. engine. XL1200C/XL1200N/XR1200X
XL883L/XL883N/XL883C/
SPORTSTERS (XL)
XL1200L/XL1200N/XL1200C/ TOURERS (FL)
XR1200 • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
TOURERS (FL) • CapaCity 96Cu. iN. (1584CC)
2010 XR1200X MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 96Cu. iN. (1584CC) XL883L/XL883N/FORTy-EiGHT/ FLHR/FLHRC/FLHTC/FLHTCu/
TOURERS (FL) XL1200L/XL1200N/XL1200C/
FLHTK/FLHX/FLTRX/FLHTRu
MODEL VARIATIONS XR1200X
FLHR/FLHRC/FLHT/FLHTC/ • CapaCity 96Cu. iN.(1584CC) TOURERS (FL) DYNAS (FXD)
FLHTCu/FLHX/FLTR
MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE OHV V-TWiN • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
DYNAS (FXD) FLHR/FLHRC/FLHTC/FLHTK/ • CapaCity 96Cu. iN. (1584CC) • CapaCity 96Cu. iN. (1584CC)
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN FLHTCu/FLHX/FLTRX MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 96Cu. iN. (1584CC) FLHR/FLHRC/FLHTC/FLHTCu/
DYNAS (FXD) FLHTK/FLHX/FLTRu/FLTRX
FXD/FXDB/FXDL/FXDC/FXDWG
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN SOFTAILS (ST)
FXD/FXDB/FXDC/FXDF/FXDL DYNAS (FXD)
• CapaCity 96Cu. iN.(1584CC)
SOFTAILS (ST) MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 96Cu. iN. (1584cc)
• CapaCity 96Cu. iN. (1584CC)
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN FXD/FXDB/FXDC/FXDF/FXDWG
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc) MODEL VARIATIONS
FLS/FLSTN/FLSTFB/FLSTF/
SOFTAILS (ST) FXDB/FXDC/FXDF/FXDWG FLSTC/FLSTN/FXS
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXSTC/FXSTB/FXCWC/ SOFTAILS (ST) V-ROD
FXCWFLSTB/FLSTN/FLSTF/ • CapaCity 96cu. iN. (1584cc)
FLSTC • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
• EnginE DOHC V-TWiN
MODEL VARIATIONS • CapaCity 96cu. iN. (1584cc)
• CapaCity 1250CC
V-ROD FXSTC/FXCWC/FLSTB/FLSTN/
FLSTSB/FLSTN/FLSTFB/FLSTF/ MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE DOHC V-TWiN MODEL VARIATIONS
FLSTC FXS/FXCWC/FLSTFB/FLSTF/
• CapaCity 1250CC FLSTC/FLSTN/FLSTSB VRSCDX/VRSCF
MODEL VARIATIONS V-ROD TRIKE

V-ROD
VRSCAW/ VRSCDX/VRSCF • EnginE DOHC V-TWiN
• EnginE DOHC V-TWiN • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
• CapaCity 1250CC • CapaCity 103Cu. iN.
TRI-GLIDE • CapaCity 1250CC
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN MODEL VARIATIONS
VRSCAW/ VRSCDX/VRSCF
• CapaCity 103Cu. iN. VRSCDX/VRSCF FLHTCuTG
MODEL VARIATIONS
TRI-GLIDE MODEL CVO
FLHTCuTG
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN • EnginE OHV V-TWiN
MODEL CVO • CapaCity 103Cu. iN. • CapaCity 110Cu. iN.
• EnginE OHV V-TWiN MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS

• CapaCity 110Cu. iN. FLHTCuTG/FLHXXX FLTRX/FLHX/FLST/FLHT
2010 VRSCDX
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHR/FLHX/FLHXS/FLHTCU/
FLHTCUL/FLHTK/FLHTKL/
DYNAS (FXD)
The company celebrates their 110th XL883L/XL883n/XL1200c/ • CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc)
anniversary with special detailing and FLTRX/FLTRXS
XL1200V/XL1200t
graphics. The only significant new MODEL VARIATIONS
model is the FXBSE Breakout, DYNAS (FXD)
TOURERS (FL) FXDB/FXDF/FXDWG/FLD/FXDL
a custom-style Softail with CVO • EnginE OHV V-twin
finishes and an 1802cc engine. • EnginE OHV V-twin
SOFTAILS (ST)
• CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc) &
SPORTSTERS (XL) 110cu. in. (1802cc) • EnginE OHV V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc) &
MODEL VARIATIONS FXDB/FXDF/FXDWG/ 110cu. in. (1802cc)
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc FLD/FXDL
FLHR/FLHX/FLHXS/FLHtcu/FLHtK
MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
DYNAS (FXD) SOFTAILS (ST) FLS/FLSTF/FLSTFB/FLSTC/FXSB/
XL883L/XL883n/XL1200c/
FLSTN
XL1200X/XR1200V • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHV V-twin
• CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc) • CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc) & V-ROD
TOURERS (FL) 110cu. in. (1802cc)
• EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS • EnginE DOHc V-twin
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc) & FXDB/FXDc/FXDF/FXDwG/FLD/ • CapaCity 76.25cu. in. (1250cc)
110cu. in. (1802cc) FXDL FLS/FLSTF/FLSTFB/FLSTC/FXSB/
FLSTN MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS VRSCDX/VRSCF
SOFTAILS (ST)
FLHR/FLHRc/FLHX/FLtRX/ V-ROD
FLtRu/FLHtc/FLHtcu/FLHtK • EnginE OHV V-twin TRIKE
DYNAS (FXD) • CapaCity 76.25cu. in. (1250cc) • EnginE OHV V-twin
110cu. in. (1802cc)
• EnginE OHV V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 96cu. in. (1584cc) & MODEL VARIATIONS
FLS/FLStF/FLStFB/FLStc/ VRSCDX/VRSCF
103cu. in. (1690cc)
FLStn/FXSB FLHTCUTG/FLRT
MODEL VARIATIONS TRIKE
V-ROD • EnginE OHV V-twin STREET
FXDB/FXDc/FXDwG/FXDF/FLD
• EnginE DOHc V-twin • CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc) • EnginE OHc V-twin
SOFTAILS (ST) • CapaCity 76.25cu. in. (1250cc) • CapaCity 494 & 749cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHTCUTG/FLRT
110cu. in. (1802cc) VRScDX/VRScF XG500/XG750
STREET
MODEL VARIATIONS TRIKE • EnginE OHc V-twin
2017
FLStF/FLStFB/FXS/FLStn/ • EnginE OHV V-twin
FLStc/FLS/FXSBSE • CapaCity 494 & 749cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
V-ROD All-new Milwaukee-Eight
MODEL VARIATIONS XG500/XG750 engines are introduced on the
• EnginE DOHc V-twin touring range.
FLHtcutG
• CapaCity 76.25cu. in. (1250cc)
SPORTSTERS (XL)
MODEL VARIATIONS
VRScDX/VRScF
STREET
• EnginE OHc V-twin
2016 • EnginE OHV V-twin
Sportster Roadster (XL1200R) • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc

• CapaCity 494 & 749cc
introduced, a pared-down
TRIKE café racer MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE OHV V-twin XL883L/XL883N/XL1200C/
XG500/XG750 SPORTSTERS (XL) XL1200X /XL1200R
MODEL VARIATIONS TOURERS (FL)
FLHtcutG
MODEL VARIATIONS
XL883L/XL883n/XL1200c/ 114cu. in. (1870cc)
SPORTSTERS (XL)
2014
XL1200V/XL1200X/XL1200t/
XL1200R MODEL VARIATIONS
FLHR/FLHX/FLHXS/FLTR/FLTRXS/
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc FLTRU/FLHTCU/FLHTK/FLHTKL
Introduction of the entry-level TOURERS (FL)
Street range, plus the appearance MODEL VARIATIONS
of “Project Rushmore” updates on • EnginE OHV V-twin
XL883L/XL883n/XL1200c/
the touring range machines, with • CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc)
XL1200V/XL1200X/XL1200t
increased power and improved & 110cu. in. (1802cc)
specification. CVO variants
continue to be available.
TOURERS (FL) MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE OHV V-twin FLHR/FLHX/FLHXS/FLHtcu/
SPORTSTERS (XL) FLHtcuL/FLHtK/FLHtKL/
• EnginE OHV V-twin 110cu. in. (1802cc) FLTRX/FLTRXS/FLTRU
2017 StrEEt 750
DYNAS (FXD)
SOFTAILS
MODEL VARIATIONS
XG500/XG750/
XG750A
2021
• CapaCity 103cu. in. (1690cc) • CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc) & Pan America adventure bike launched.
114cu. in. (1870cc) The Street line is discontinued.
MODEL VARIATIONS LIVEWIRE
MODEL VARIATIONS SPORTSTERS (XL)
FXDB/FXDL/FXDLS/FXDF/ • MOtOr 78Kw ELEctRic
FXDWG FLSL/FLSB/FLDE/FLHc/FXFB/ • EnginE OHV V-twin
FXLR/FXBR • CapaCity 15.5KwH
SOFTAILS (ST)
TRIKE MODEL VARIATIONS

110cu. in. (1802cc)
• CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc) 2020 XL883n/XL1200nS/ XL1200X
TOURERS (FL)
MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS SPORTSTERS (XL) • EnginE OHV V-twin
FLS/FLStF/FLStc/FXSB/ FLHtcutG/FLRt
• EnginE OHV V-twin • CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc) &
FLStn 114cu. in. (1870cc)
STREET • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
V-ROD • EnginE OHc V-twin MODEL VARIATIONS
MODEL VARIATIONS
• EnginE DOHc V-twin • CapaCity 494 & 749cc FLHR/FLHRS/FLHX/FLHXS/

XL883n/XL1200nS/ XL1200X / FLHt/FLHtK/ FLtRX/FLtRXS/
• CapaCity 76.25cu. in. (1250cc) XL1200R
MODEL VARIATIONS FLtRXu
MODEL VARIATIONS XG500/XG750/XG750A TOURERS (FL)

SOFTAILS
VRScDX/VRScF • EnginE OHV V-twin
TRIKE
• EnginE OHV V-twin 2019 & 114cu. in. (1870CC)
MODEL VARIATIONS
114cu. in. (1870cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS
• CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc) LiveWire officially launched,
although significant deliveries FLHR/FLHRS/FLHX/FLHXS/ FLSL/FLSB/FLDE/FLHc/FLFB/
MODEL VARIATIONS don’t start until 2020. FLHt/FLHtK/FLHtKL/FLtRX/ FXSt/FXtc/FXBB/FXBR/FXDR/
FLtRXS/FLtRXu
FXFB/FXLR
FLHtcutG/FLRt
SPORTSTERS (XL)
SOFTAILS TRIKE
STREET • EnginE OHV V-twin
• EnginE OHC V-twin • CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc
• CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc) • CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc)
• CapaCity 494 & 749cc MODEL VARIATIONS & 114cu. in. (1870cc)
XL883L/XL883n/XL1200nS/ MODEL VARIATIONS
XL1200c/ XL1200X /XL1200R
FLHtcutG/FLRt
XG500/XG750 FLSL/FLSB/FLDE/FLHc/FLFB/
TOURERS (FL) FXSt/FXtc/FXBB/FXBR/FXDR/
FXFB/FXLR STREET
2018
• EnginE OHc V-twin
• CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc) & TRIKE
114cu. in. (1870cc) • CapaCity 494 & 749cc
With the adoption of the MODEL VARIATIONS MODEL VARIATIONS
Milwaukee-Eight engine across • CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc)
FLHR/FLHRS/FLHX/FLHXS/ XG500/XG750/XG750A
the cruiser ranges, the Dyna chassis
FLHt/FLHtcu/FLHtK/ MODEL VARIATIONS
is discontinued, with the Softail FLHtKL/FLtRX/FLtRXS/
chassis versions of favorite models FLHtcutG/FLRt LIVEWIRE
FLtRXu
remaining. In addition, the V-Rod is • MOtOr 78Kw ELEctRic
also discontinued, and many models STREET
SOFTAILS • CapaCity 15.5KwH
are available in special, 115th
Anniversary editions. • EnginE OHV V-twin • EnginE OHc V-twin
PAN AMERICA
• CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc) & • CapaCity 494 & 749cc
SPORTSTERS (XL) 114cu. in. (1870cc) • EnginE DOHc V-twin
• CapaCity 1252cc
MODEL VARIATIONS
XG500/XG750/
• CapaCity 883cc & 1200cc XG750A
FLSL/FLSB/FLDE/FLHc/
FLFB/ FXBB/FXBR/FXDR/
MODEL VARIATIONS
FXFB/FXLR LIVEWIRE
XL883L/XL883n/XL1200nS/
XL1200c/ XL1200X / • MOtOr 78Kw ELEctRic
XL1200R TRIKE
• CapaCity 15.5KwH
TOURERS (FL) • CapaCity 107cu. in. (1745cc)
MODEL VARIATIONS
114cu. in. (1870cc) FLHtcutG/FLRt
MODEL VARIATIONS STREET

FLHR/FLHRS/FLHX/FLHXS/ • EnginE OHc V-twin
FLHtcu/FLHtK/FLHtKL/FLtR/
FLtRXS/FLtRu • CapaCity 494 & 749cc
2020 LiVEWirE
Index D
Andres, Brad 122 Brando, Marlon 16
Arrow-flite tank emblem 17, 89 Bronx 186
Art Deco styling 15 Buell 21, 173, 206
atmospheric inlet valve 28, 30 RR1000 (Battletwin)
176–77 D model 62, 193, 194
XB9R (Firebolt) Davidson, Arthur 12, 197
Note: Models are listed both 178–79
B
Davidson, Walter 11, 16, 190,
under their designation and
under their name. So, for Burgess silencer 78 196
example, the AH Topper comes Davidson William 12
under “A” as well as under “T.”
C
No models from the catalog Davidson, William G.
are included except for those B models, design of VR1000 windscreen
included in the text that
summarizes each year. Bobcat (BTH) 104–05 167
Single 50–51, 193, 194 design of XLCR 126
Pacer (BT) 104, 199, 200 C models, influence on design of FX
CD 206
A
Peashooter 50, 52 Super Glide 19, 92, 202
Scat 200 CRTT 110–11 joins Harley board 200
BA model 50, 193 Single 207, 209
Daytona
Bad Boy 150–51, 206 café racer 126, 203, 211 Dyna-Glide model 206
A models, Baja 200, 201 carburetor, float 29, 30
rally 21, 166, 201, 206, 211
A single 50, 193 “Battle of the Twins” race 131 carburetor, Schebler 30
200-mile race 122–23
Topper (AH) 18, 102–03, 199, “Battle of the Twins” racer 125 CB750 (Honda) 95
Depression, The Great 14–15,
200 Battletwin, Buell 174–75 chain drive 13, 205
192
AA model 50, 193 Bears racing series 177 Chann, Jimmy 73
designations, model 210
acetylene lighting 44, 190 belt drive 132, 192, 204 chopper bikes 19, 95, 211
advertising slogan 204 Church, Gene 131 dirt-track racing 14, 52–53, 73,
Berling magneto 191
194
Aermacchi Company 18, 19, Bianchi, Alfredo 110 “Clincher” wheel rims 33, 34,
104, 106–07, 111–12, 199, 45, 46, 51 Dixie magneto 191
201, 202, 203 Big-twins, OHV 76–97
clutch, rear hub 29 DKW Company 16, 100–01,
Ala D’Oro 110 Big-twins, recent 140–61
Consolidated Manufacturing 104, 197
Baja 201, 202 BMW 56 Company 37 dressers 88
CRTT 110–11 Board Racer 32–33 Crocker 81
board-track racing 14, 32–33, Ducati Monster 156
joint production with Harley- customizing 16, 19, 158
Davidson 18, 19, 104, 203 192 Duo-Glide 17, 88–89, 152, 199,
CVO Softail Convertible 170–71 200, 207
Sprint H 102–03, 199, 201 bobber 16, 211
cylinder heads, Ricardo 46, 193,
aluminum alloy pistons 192 Bobcat 104–5, 201 194 Dyna frame 23, 148, 158–59,
AMF (American Metal Booze Fighters, the 16 182, 206, 211
Foundries) 19, 20, 202, 204 Bosch magneto 30, 191
1915 KT Board Racer

INDEX • 213
E G
G models,
E models,
G delivery vehicle 190
E 15, 79, 90, 195, 197
GE Servi-Car 59, 64, 74–75,
EL 78–79
202
ES 79
Gable, Clark 17
early bikes 22–41
GoldWing (Honda) 145
Easy Rider 18, 92, 95, 158
Grand National Championship
Eight-valve engine 48–49 73
Eight-Valve Racer 14, 46–47, Greyhound Scenicruiser 83
191, 193
Electra Glide,
H
74FLHB 90–91
FLHC 203
FLHS 142–43, 203, 205
FLHX 96–97
fuel-injection model 206, 207 hardtail 152–53, 211
introduction of 18 Harley, William S. 12
Sport 205 Harley-Davidson,
Ultra Classic 20, 147 Knucklehead Engine advertising slogan 204
see also Tour Glide Aermacchi association 18, 19,
104, 203
F
Electra Glide in Blue 18
electric, Low Glide Custom (FXRC) 204 Buell association see Buell
lighting 13, 38, 193 Low Rider 203 (FXS), emblem 13, 17, 20
206 (FXDL) Owners’ Group (HOG)
motor 23, 184–85
Road King (FLHRI) 150–51, 21, 191, 204
starter 18, 75, 90, 200, 201, 202 F models, 206 Henderson Company 14
emblem 13, 17, 20 1915 Model F 38–39, 193 Softail (FXST) 204 Heritage Springer Softail 152,
engines, 74FHB 90–91 see also Heritage Softail 205, 206, 207
Eight-valve 48–49 74FL 18, 82–85, 195, Sturgis (FXB) 203 Hill Climber 13, 54–55
Evolution 21, 142, 144–45, 197 Super Glide, HOG (Harley Owners’ Group)
204, 205 74FLHB 90–91 FX 19, 203 21, 191, 204
flathead 17, 193, 195 Convertible (FXDS) 206 FXDX 154–55 Hollister riot 16
flathead V-Twin 14, 64–65, Duo-Glide (FLH) 88–89, 198, FXE 204 Honda
191, 193, 194 207 CB750 95
FXR 148–49, 204, 205, 206
fuel-injection 150, 206, 207 GoldWing 145
Dyna-Glide (FXDB) 206 Tour Glide (FLT) 20, 146–47,
inlet-over-exhaust 14, 31 203 rivals to Harley 18, 21, 106
Fat Bob 114 182–83
Knucklehead 78–83, 195, 197 Wide Glide 158–59, 203, 206 Hopper, Dennis 18, 95
Fat Bob (FXEF) 203, 204
Panhead 16, 84, 86–9, 197, Fat Boy (FLSTF) 152–53, 205 F-head V-twin engine 36–37 Hugger 203
200
FLF 84 factory race team 13, 46, 48, 191 Hummer 16, 198
Shovelhead 18, 94–97, 148, see also Wrecking Crew
201, 203 FLHC 203 Hydra-Glide 16, 84–85, 101,
Fast Roadster 34–35 197, 198
single-cylinder 11, 14, 30–31, FLHS Road King 162-63
Fat Bob 203, 204 hydraulic valve-lifters 84, 197
191, 192 FLHS 142–43, 203, 205
Fat Boy 144, 152–53, 205
Twin Cam 21, 154, 156–57, FLHX 96–97
207, 209 fiberglass components 200
I
FLHTCUI 206
two-stroke 16 Firebolt (Buell) 178–79
FLSTC 205
see also small bikes five-speed transmission,
FXDG 204 introduction of 20, 132, 142
V-twin 13, 14, 36–37, 172,
182, 190, 191, 192, 195, 209 FXRDG 204 flathead single 17, 193, 195
Enthusiast, The 17, 198 FXSTD 207 flathead twin model W 191 Indian 23
Evo Sportster 132–33 Heritage Softail (FLSTS) 152, flathead V-twin engine 64–65, Chief 87
Evolution engine 21, 96, 142, 205, 207 191, 194 Motorcycle Company 14, 17,
144–45, 160, 169, 204, 205 Night Train(FXSTB) 160–61 float carburetor 29, 30 198
Excelsior Company 14, 31 Nostalgia (FLSTN) 206 fuel injection 150–51, 206, 207 Prince 50
N-O-P
61ES 79 Reagan, Ronald 20
74FL 82–83 Reiman, Roger 122
engine 78–83, 195, 197 Resweber, Carroll 122
Revolution engine
Night Train 160–61 see V-Rod
Nostalgia Heritage Softail 206
L
Revolution Max 186
Pacer 104, 200 Revolution X 172
Pan America 23. 186–87 Ricardo cylinder heads 46, 193,
Pan Europe 23 194
Panhead engine 16, 84, 86–89, Ricardo, Harry 46
Laconia 100-mile race 73
197, 200
Lambretta 102 Road King
Peashooter 50, 52 FLHR 162–63
Langhorne 100-mile race 73
Petrali, Joe 15, 52, 54, 192, 194, FLHRI 150–51, 206
leading-link suspension 211 195 Road-Race Championships
1941 Wld
Leonard, Joe 122 plunger suspension 56 114–15
Liberty editions 205 pocket valve 33, 37 Roadster 203
lighting, police, use of Harleys by 14, 39, Roeder, George 122
acetylene 44, 190 40, 74–75, 85, 87 Rogers Company 44, 191
Scout 65 Porsche 168
electric 13, 38, 193 Rogers, Roy 17
Track Racer 49 Power, Tyrone 17
Lightning (Buell X1) 180–81 Roustabout 17
inlet-over-exhaust engine 14, 31, Presley, Elvis 17, 198
210 Lightning (Buell XB9S) 184–85
innovations 42–57 lightweight, Model S 197
S
LiveWire 23, 184–85
International Trade Commission
R
(ITC) 20 Loewy, Raymond 83
Low Glide Custom 204
Low Rider 203, 204, 206
J
S models,
R models, 250SS 112–13, 203
M
Model R 194 250SX 112
RL 62–63
Model S 191, 197, 198, 199
J models, RLD 62
Racer 52–53
RR1000 (Buell) 176–77
JD 40–41, 192, 193 S 125 model 197
M models, RS 62
JDH 193 ST 100–01, 198, 199
M-50 Sport 108–09 RR250 114–15, 203
JH 193 S2 (Buell Thunderbolt) 178–79
M-65 202 Racer, WR 72–73
Sidecar 44–45 Tele-Glide 197
Model M 200, 201 Rapido 202
JAP 52 Scat 200
Rayborn, Cal 124–25, 201
Maywood Speedway Park 21 Schebler carburetor 30, 60
rear hub clutch 29
McGill, Ron 177
rear suspension 17, 88, 118, 199
K
magnesium alloy pistons 194
magneto ignition 13, 28, 30,
191
mechanical inlet valves 13
K models, mechanical oil pumps 13, 38
Board Racer Megaphone exhaust 110
(KT) 32–33 Mellow-tone silencer 84
Fast Roadster military use of Harley-
(KR) 34–35 Davidsons see World War I;
KH 198 World War II
KRTT 122–23, 201 Milwaukee-Eight 23, 182
Model K Model see under first letter of
118–19, 198 model designation
Sport 17, 197 Model No.1 26–27
Knievel, Evel 19, 128–29 Model T Ford 12, 44
Knucklehead, mopeds 108–09
61E 15, 79, 80, 195, 197 Morris alloy wheel 126
61EL 78–79 MV Agusta 112 1941 Wld
INDEX • 215
Scootaway transmission 102 Sprint 106–07, 199, 201, 202 Tour Glide 20, 146–47, 203
scooters 18, 102–03, 199, 200 sprung fork 12, 13 see also Electra Glide
sequential-port fuel injection 150 starter, electric 18, 75, 90, 200, trademark, Harley 13, 20
Servi-Car 14, 74–75, 194, 195, 201, 202 Triumph 120
200, 202 Street 750 23, 172–73 Twin Cam engine 21, 154,
Shovelhead engine 18, 94–97, Street Rod 172 156–57, 160, 169, 207, 209,
142, 201, 203, 204 211
stock market flotation 18, 205
side-valves 58–75 two-strokes 16
Studebaker Avanti 83
see also small bikes
sidecars 44–45, 102, 191, 192, Sturgis
193, 197 Dyna-Glide 203, 204, 206
Silent Gray Fellow 28–29, 190
U-V
rally 15, 20–21, 211
single-cylinder engine 11, 14, Super Glide
30–31, 191, 192
electric starter on 202
slogan, advertising 204
FX1200 19
small bikes 98–115
FX 92–93, 203 U models,
snowmobile 202
FXDX 154–55 flathead 197 1941 Wld
Softails 21, 23, 152, 160, 182,
FXE 204 Navy 70–71
204, 207, 211
FXR 148–49, 204, 205, 206 UA model 195
Softail, Heritage Springer 152,
205, 206, 207 Super Sport (FLH) 198 Ultra Classic Electra Glide 20, 147
Super 10 105 V models, wet sump lubrication 57, 169
solid disc wheel 81, 152 Wico magneto 73
VL 61
Sparkling America colour Wide Glide 158–59, 203, 206
scheme 93 VLE 60–61
Wild One, The 16
T
speed-lined silencer 82 VR1000 166–67, 168,
Willowick Police Department 85
Sport, V2 Evolution engine
Willys Jeep 56–57
see Evolution engine
K, Model 197 World War I 13, 44, 68, 191
V-Rod 164–69, 172
Solo 66–67 World War II 16, 56, 68, 71,
Tancrede, Babe 73 engine 168–69
sports bikes 174–79 195, 196
Tele-Glide S 197 V-twin engine 13, 14, 23, 36–37,
Sportsters 116–37 Wrecking Crew, The 46
telescopic forks 16, 84, 118 172, 182, 186, 190, 191, 192,
Springer Softail 205, 207 195
Terminator II 21, 153
Springsteen, Jay 19 valve-lifters, hydraulic 84, 197
“three-cylinder Harley” 62
X-Y
three-speed gearbox 13, 38, 100 Vespa 102
three-wheel bike 74–75, 194 Victory camshafts 89
Thunderbolt (Buell) 178–79 VRSCA (V-Rod) 170–71, 208
VRSCDX Night Rod Special
Tomahawk fibreglass company 186–67 X models,
18, 200
Villa, Walter 114–15 Hugger (XLH) 201, 203
Topper 18, 102–03, 199, 200
Lightning (XI) 180–87
Roadster (XLS) 203
W
Sportster (XL) 120–21, 198,
199
X-8 single 28
XA 56–57, 196
W models, XL883R 136–37, 208
Army (WLA) 16, 56, 68–69, XL1200S 134–35
195, 196 XLCH 202, 203
flat-twin 14 XLCR 126–27, 136, 203
Model W 191, 192, 195, 197 XLH883 132–33
Racer (WR) 72–73 XLT 203
Sport Solo (WLD) 66–67 XR750 19, 128–29, 136, 201
WL 197 XR1000 130–31, 136, 204
WLC 56, 68 XR1200X 138–39
WLDR 66 XRTT 124–25
WRTT 72 Yale 37
Wall Street Crash Yamaha 115
see Depression, Great Road Warrior 169
Acknowledgments Picture Credits

The author’s acknowledgments Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following for allowing
Harley-Davidson is a legend. And that legend is built on the passion of their bikes to be photographed:
the people involved in making, riding, racing, and fixing Harleys. Lots
The Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum: pp.32–33; 34–35; 46–47; 49; 56–57;
of them offered advice, opinion, and encouragement in the making of
62–63; 70–71; 72–73; 81; 96–97; 108–109; 110–11; 112–13; 114–15; 128–29;
this book. These are just a few of them.
174–75; 176–77
Everyone at the extraordinary Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum in
Steve Slocombe: pp.60–61
Birmingham, Alabama. Especially George Barber, Jeff Ray, Brian Slark,
Rick Sasnett: pp.90–91
Joe Bruton, and the super hospitable Lee Clark. (I’ll get the grits next
Stanley M. Brock: p.94
time.) Patrick Delli of the Harley-Davidson Rider’s Club UK, Steve
Jeremy Pick at Harley-Davidson UK: pp.134–35; 136–37; 152–53; 158–59;
Slocombe of VL Heaven, and John Warr and Martin Szlagowski of Warr’s
160–61; 166–67
Harley-Davidson all provided advice and support. Richard Rosenthal and
Dave Griffiths: pp.92–93
Alan Seeley gave invaluable last-minute assistance and were recipients of
Tony Dowden: pp.74–75; 96–97
bizarre late-night telephone calls. Jeremy Pick of Harley-Davidson UK
Warr’s Harley-Davidson: pp.102–103; 126–27; 154–55
and Doug Strange of the Antique Motorcycle Club of America both
Harley-Davidson Motor Company India Pvt. Ltd.: 138–39; 209
helped out. As did Gary Inman. Dave King once again took superb
photographs and was great company.
All photography by Dave King.
Thanks to everyone at Dorling Kindersley. Special gratitude to Mark The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind
Johnson Davies and most especially to Phil Hunt. You were very patient. permission to reproduce their photographs:
I’ll get the drinks in.
Also everyone at Bike magazine who covered for me, especially Richard Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far; l-left; r-right; t-top
Fincher who is a believer. Thank you.
This book is intended as an introduction to Harley-Davidson and Alamy Images: Chuck Eckert 22ca; Allsport: Tony Duffy 19cra; American
its motorcycles. If you want more detailed information, the work of Motorcycle Heritage Foundation: Motorcycle Hall of Fame Museum 44–45,
Allan Girdler, Jerry Hatfield, and Rick Conner pointed me in the 45tr, 100–101, 129tr, 191bc; Bike magazine: 164–65; Corbis UK Ltd: Everett
right direction. Collection 21tl; Rick Friedman 22cb; UPI 42–43, 55tc, 58–59, 188–189; Dorling
Kindersley: Alan Purvis 170–71; Michael Watson 162–63; Frank Spooner
This book is dedicated to the residents of Thornley Village, County Durham, Pictures: Liaison/R. Rotolo 20cb; Getty Images: Corbis News / Horacio
in memory of the walks in the Wild Woods. Villalobos 23crb; Harley-Davidson Archives: 2–3, 3c, 12bc, 12cb, 13tr, 14–15,
15cr, 17tr, 23bc, 23br, 24–25, 25ca, 26–27, 30tr, 31br, 49tr, 81br, 116–17, 156tl,
Dorling Kindersley would like to thank the following: 156cl, 156–57, 157br, 169tc, 169bc, 172–73, 173tr, 180–81, 181c, 182–83, 184–
The Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum for being accommodating 85, 186–87, 187tr, 189c, 190bl; 210br, 211bc; Hulton Getty: 13cb, 15crb,
beyond belief; Simon Murrell for additional design assistance; Mariana 98–99; MacGregor 14cb; Imperial War Museum: 16clb; Kobal Collection:
Sonnenberg for additional picture research; Roy Bacon for casting an American International Pictures 76–77; Randy Leffingwell: © The Solomon R.
experienced eye over the details; Rachael Parfitt for being queen courier; Guggenheim Foundation, New York 6, 7, 13br, 191tr; Andrew Morland: 20ca;
the knowledgeable folks on the Harley e-mail digest; and Margaret Don Morley: 145tr; Mortons Motorcycle Media Ltd: 12–13, 39tc, 64tl;
McCormack for compiling the index. Motoring Picture Library / National Motor Museum: 16–17c; Moviestore
Collection: Columbia Pictures Corporation 18–19; National Motor Museum,
Beaulieu: 4, 33tr, 73tr; Rex Features: Simon Webster 23; Ronald Grant
Previous Editions Archive: Columbia Pictures Corporation 95tr; © The Solomon R. Guggenheim
Senior editorS Peter Jones, Neil Lockley Foundation, New York: David Heald 71tr; Garry Stuart: 5c, 64–65, 80–81,
Senior Art editor Heather McCarry 86–87, 94–95, 144–45; Tony Stone Images: Ralf Schultheiss 10–11; Nicholas
Project editor Alison Sturgeon
De Vore 140–41; Vin Mag Archive: 17c, 18cl; Columbia Pictures Corporation
Project Art editor Tannishtha Chakraborty
18tc; Yamaha UK: 169bc.
MAnAging editor Laura Buller, Anna Kruger, Adele hayward
MAnAging Art editor Karen Self, Steve Knowlden
Harley-Davidson is a Trademark Owned by H-D USA, LLC. The Harley-Davidson
Art director Phil Ormerod Name and Model Names Featured in this Book are used for Descriptive
dePuty Art director Tina Vaughan Purposes Only and Remain the Property of H-D USA, LLC.
ASSociAte PubliSher Liz Wheeler
reference PubliSher Jonathan Metcalf All other images © Dorling Kindersley
Pre-Production controller Ben Marcus For further information see: www.dkimages.com
jAcket deSigner Mark Cavanagh
jAcket editor Manisha Majithia
dtP deSignerS Rob Campbell, Rajen Shah
Picture ReSeArcher Jamie Robinson
cAtegory PubliSher Stephanie Jackson
Production controllerS Louise Daly, Sarah Sherlock
PhotogrAPhy by Dave King
Previous Editions Packaged for Dorling Kindersley by

Art editorS Mark Johnson Davies, Tracy Miles
editor Phil Hunt

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ULTIMATE

dK delhi The Early Bikes

Copyright © 2000, 2013, 2021 DorLing KinDersLey LiMiteD

Ohv Big-Twins 136–137 XL883R CHAPTER TEN 180–187

CHAPTER SEVEN 140–163

The Harleys of the Barber Vintage Motorsports

1998 ROAD KING

The story of Harley-Davidson is enthralling.

THE ENDURING APPEAL OF

1903 to 1919 amusement, it had to be

The Founding Fathers Arthur Davidson,

Harley-Davidson Over 200 Harley- Harley-Davidson

74cu. in. FD Harley Harley workforce Ricardo

Though the general economic climate had improved by the

The Victorious 1920 Harley-Davidson Factory Race Team

simply, Harley-Davidson didn’t have to humor its

became the most important racing category in America.

Series G Servi-Car First rally to be “Boat-tail” tail

1940 to 1959 California, and indulged in some exuberant behavior. This

Walter Davidson World War II Harley given

Premiere of the First year of “Arrow-flite”

1960 to 1979 Peter Fonda and Dennis

Harley buys stake in 74cu. in. Cal Rayborn wins

twin engine and frame with the front end of a Sportster to

Harley’s lowest point

Evel Knievel Prepares for

that Harley-Davidson needed a heavyweight partner. In

Rear disc brakes Jay Springsteen Harley’s share

80cu. in. FLT Only year for

For Harley-Davidson, it was an astonishing recovery. In

The Harley family

2004 to 2013 brand by producing more conventional

•2004 2005 2006• 2007• 2008• 2009 •2010 •2011 2012

New chassis 35th

The way ahead

2013• 2014 2015• 2016 2017• 2018 2019• 2020 2021•

Company Street model Milwaukee-

The early Bikes 1903 –1929

1905 SINGLE CYLINDER

Early internal combustion engines

Early Bike Brother

1905 Model No.1 Rod linkage

1905 Model No.1

1912 Silent Gray Fellow

Loop frame curves under

Sloping frame tube allowed

Efficient muffler Clutch

Vertical fins on the cylinder Throttle

Iron barrel and

1915 KT Board Racer specifications

H arley-DaviDson did not participate in team racing until 1914,

Pedaling forward starts Window in the

1915 KT Board racer

Cutouts in the fuel Dropped

Maywood Speedway Park, 1915

Springs for the

1915 KR Fast Roadster

The Fast Roadster had

• engine Inlet-over-exhaust, V-twin

Renault Gray was

Primary drive cover protected

Inlet pushrod Carburetor manifold Cylinder head was

Cast-iron was used for

Bulge in the timing F-Head set-up