Exercise for you:

1. Why the factor, 2 x 105 is used in calculation of Incident Rate?

2. Without actually using calculator as above, how you will guess intelligently and get the
correct answers?
3. With respect to the characteristics of a flammable liquid, which is correct?
a. Flash point is the lowest vapor concentration which forms an ignitable mixture with the
air.
b. Flammable range is the difference in temperature between the highest temperature and
the lowest temperature at which a liquid will form an ignitable mixture.
c. Normal Boiling point is the temperature of a liquid at which it will boil when the
surrounding atmosphere is precisely at one atmosphere of pressure.
d. Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature at which a vapor can ignite
spontaneously in air.
e. All the above.
4. To qualify as "explosion proof," all of the following requirements must be met except that:
a. The ignition of surrounding gas or vapor must not occur from a fault within the case.
b. The case must withstand an explosion of a specific gas within it.
c. The case must operate at an external temperature so as not to ignite surrounding
flammable atmospheres.
d. The case must be totally sealed so that a specific gas cannot enter.
5. What are the roots of the equation 3x2 = 10x - 3?
a. 1 and 1/3
b. 2 and 10/3
c. 3 and 1/3
d. 3 and 10/3

6. How many UN Classes of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) are there & whether any
Class does not have any division?
7. What do you mean by the Lifting Index in NIOSH Lifting Equation ?
8. Determine the lower flammability limit of a mixture containing 25% toluene, 30% ethyl
ether, and 45% acetone. The LFLs are: toluene 1.1 %, ethyl ether 1.9%, and acetone 2.5%.
9. Convert 2570 mg/m3 of acetone to ppm. The MW of acetone is 58.1.
10. What are the three items for introduction of a behavior-based system?
a. Engineering control, administrative control, and PPE
b. Engineering, education, and enforcement
c. Antecedent, behavior, and consequence
d. Starting point, middle ground, and finish
11. LD50 is
a. chemical dosage which causes death in 50 per cent of population of laboratory animals
b. used only for toxicity representation when the route of entry of the chemical is by
ingestion or skin absorption
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 c. expressed in units of chemical weight per body weight
d. all of the above
12. Convert 20 C to the Rankine temperature scale
13. In order for combustion reactions to start and proceed, which of the followings are needed
simultaneously?
a. Fuel, heat, source of ignition, and air
b. Fuel, spark, oxygen, heat
c. Fuel, chemical chain reaction, oxygen, source of ignition (Fire Tetrahedron)
d. Fuel, auto ignition temperature, air, source of ignition.
e. Fuel , air, and ignition source (Fire Triangle)
14. Which of the following is incorrect?
a. Horizontal Integration occurs when a business expands its control over other
similar or closely related business e.g., an oil refining business would be
horizontally integrated if it owned or controlled other oil refineries
b. Vertical Integration occurs when a business expands its control over other
business that are part of its overall manufacturing process e.g., an oil refining
business would be vertically integrated if it owned or controlled pipeline
companies, railroads, barrel manufacturers, etc.
c. Supervisory responsibilities typically include formal decisions or
recommendations regarding: hiring, and / or terminations; employee performance;
promotions / reclassifications and / or salary adjustments, disciplinary actions;
and / or handling complaints/grievances
d. The ESH person is part of the line and also staff function in an organization.
15. In a safety training program, which of the following laws of learning should be applied?
The laws of :
a. Recency, primacy, and ascendancy
b. Redundancy, repetition, and reiteration
c. Primacy, recency, and frequency
d. Reinforcement, repetition and opposition
16. In general, employees in training course will remember’ 90% of what they say and do; 70%
of what they say; and 50% of what they see and hear. Therefore, the most appropriate type of
training for a lockout/tagout program would be
a. Videotape from a catalog recommended by the corporate office
b. Lecture from the safety director followed by question and answer period
c. Demonstration by the instructor with practice simulation and discussion
d. Panel discussion among the employees after viewing a slide presentation
17. It is time to evaluate the employees knowledge of the emergency evacuation plan. During the
classroom testing, you choose to use multiple choice test questions because
a. responses require selection from only two choices
b. it provides an opportunity for students to express themselves

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 c. responses can provide good diagnostic information if alternatives are carefully
constructed
d. they are difficult to score
18. The three functions of a computer are input, output and:
a. deput
b. compute
c. unput
d. process
19. Placing a shield between an ionizing radiation source and an employee is an example of
a. Engineering control
b. Administrative or management control
c. Management control
a. Only (a.) and (b) above
20. The major objective of accident investigations is
a. To prepare necessary documents for Regulatory Aithority
b. To prevent possible law suits
c. To prevent similar accidents in future
d. To prepare documents for worker’s compensation liabilities
21. The science that applies the knowledge related to human capabilities and limitations to the
design of work environments is called
a. anthropometry
b. epidemiology
c. ergonomics
d. anthropology
22. In manufacturing processing, scheduling is best accomplished
a. by delegating authority to line supervisors
b. by using a Gantt chart
c. by making manufacturing personnel participate in the scheduling process
d. by being realistic about what can be accomplished

23. A confidence value of 95% means the researcher

a. is willing to accept a 95% chance that the findings are erroneous
b. is willing to accept a 5% chance that the findings are erroneous
c. is 95% confident that the project will be completed on time
d. has a representative sample where every item in the population has an equal and
independent chance of selection

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24. 1 mile = __________________ ft ?
25. 1 meter = __________________ microns ?
26. 1% by volume = __________________ ppm ?
27. 1 cu ft = __________________ gallons ?
28. 1 gallon of water = __________________ pounds ?
29. 14.7 psi = __________________ mm Hg ?
30. 1 mph = __________________fps ?
31. 92.4 would round to ________________
32. 92.5 would round to ________________
33. 91.5 would round to ________________
34. 92.6 would round to ________________
35. Do you know the following ‘Rules of Thumb of Decibel’ to find out dB (A), in case of
variation of distance, or time or in situations where several sound levels have to be added to
obtain the combined effect. If so, can you interpret the following:
a. Decibel Rule of zero,
b. Decibel Rule of one,
c. Decibel Rule of two,
d. Decibel Rule of three,
e. Decibel Rule of five
f. Decibel Rule of six

36. 4√1266 = __________________

37. Log of 100 = _________________
38. Antilog of 3 = __________________
39. Sin 30˚ = __________________
40. 575 ˚ F = ____________ C = _____________ K = ____________
41. Determine the following based on the below sample data
11, 12, 12. 12, 14, 15, 17
 Mode - _________________
 Median - _________________
 Range - _________________

4
  Mean - _____ ________ (use calculator)
 Standard Deviation - ____ ____________ (use calculator)
42. The total resistance in a circuit with parallel resistors of 10, 15, and 20 ohms is
a. 4.6 ohms
b. .2166 ohms
c. 41 ohms
d. 65 ohms
43. Which type of forklift would be required when operating inside a paint spray operation?
a. E – an electrical forklift with minimum safeguards
b. ES – an electrical forklift designed to prevent hazardous sperks and limit surface
temperatures
c. EE – an electric forklift where the motor and all electric equipment is completely
enclosed
d. EX – an electric forklift where the fittings and equipment are designed to be used
in atmospheres containing flammable vapors or dusts
44. Electric are welding produces an intense flash which may produce a condition commonly
known as flashburn or welders flash. Which portion of the electromagnetic energy spectrum
is associated with this condition?
a. Ultraviolet
b. Infrared
c. visible light
d. X-ray
45. Safety programs should give the least consideration to:
a. management climate
b. task demands
c. work environment
d. accident proneness
46. The various purposes of an incident investigation include all of the following except
a. prevent future accidents by identifying causes (primary and secondary)
b. identify specific control measures.
c. collect documentation for litigation and analysis
d. find fault or blame

47. Which of the following is considered the preferred industrial hygiene control method
a. alteration of the process to isolate the worker from toxic chemicals.
b. local exhaust or general dilution ventilation
c. protective equipment (respirators)
d. substitution with a less harmful chemical
48. Emergency action plans require all of the following except:
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 a. escape procedures and escape route assignments.
b. procedures for employees required to remain and operate critical equipment
c. procedures to account for all employees
d. fault tree analysis
49. Different style of management have a direct influence on the flow of information within an
organization. In “participative” management style, the flow of information within an
organization is:
a. from top to bottom.
b. from bottom to top
c. in all directions.
d. Horizontal
50. In the process of risk assessment, risk can be classified into two general categories, societal
risk and individual risk. Which of the following statements is the best description of a
societal risk?
a. The risk associated with a large group of individuals.
b. Number of incidences or consequences that can occur per year
c. The risk of release of a hazardous chemical into the community
d. All the risks that a given society is exposed to
51. The Fundamental way any organization’s management must function is to:
a. ensure that the safety and health of all employees are protected.
b. ensure compliance with all federal, stat, and local occupational safety and
environment health laws, regulations, and standards.
c. make decisions and have those decisions implemented
52. Herzberg’s “Motivation-Hygiene” behavioral theory breaks down the variables affecting
performance into “hygiene factors” and “motivations factors.” Which of the following is an
example of a “hygiene factor”?
a. Sense of achievement
b. Promotion
c. Recognition
d. Company policies
53. Which of the following statements BEST describes that role of a safety professional within
an organization?
a. He/she is responsible for the safety conduct of the organization.
b. He/she is responsible for both occupational and environmental safety conduct of
the organization.
c. Develops the information needed for the line to exercise its authority for safety.
d. Is responsible for identifying and eliminating unsafe acts and unsafe conditions
within the organization
54. The actual operational responsibility for enforcement of safety within an organization lies
with
a. line management
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 b. Safety director.
c. Company president/CEO.
d. All employees
55. In normal probability distribution, large values of standard deviation
a. Increase the height of the normal curve and reduce its spread.
b. Decrease the height of the normal curve and reduce its spread.
c. Increase the height t of the normal curve and increase its spread.
d. Decrease the height of the normal curve and increase its spread
56. In safety management theory, accidents in work place are considered to be?
a. Caused by failure of man or machine to perform as designed in a given
environment
b. Symptoms of a management failure
c. Caused as a result of physical, chemical, or ergonomics hazards
d. All of above
57. In consumer product safety liability cases the term “patent defect” refers to
a. a defect in a consumer product resulting from design that is recorded on patent
application to U. S. patent office.
b. A defect in a consumer product causes as a result of negligence or misuse on the
part of consumer
c. A defect discovered in all items of a given manufacturing batch.
d. A defect in a consumer product causes as a result of lack of appropriate product
warning labels
58. In consumer products safety liability the term “latent defect” refers to
a. Defect in a product discovered after the product has been delivered to market for
consumer use
b. Defect generated prematurely in a consumer product as a result of unreliable
workmanship or material
c. Defects that are generated within 60 days after the manufacturer’s warranty
expires
d. Defects that occur in a limited number of manufactured items of a given batch
59. According to Heinrich estimates, 88 % of all occupational accidents are causes as a result of
a. Unsafe condition
b. Natural disasters
c. Unsafe acts
d. Only (a) and (c) above

60. According to Herbert W. Hein rich ‘s domino theory of accident causation, there are five
factors in the sequence of events leading to an accident. These factors are
a. Social environment, unsafe act, lack of morals, inattentiveness, unsafe condition
b. Social, fault, unsafe act or conditions, accident, injury
c. Unsafe act, natural disaster, accident, injury, Death

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 d. Injury, accident, chemical, physical hazards, toxic
61. The responsibility for employee safety lies with
a. the company CEO
b. top management
c. line supervisors and safety professionals
d. all of above
62. In management terminology a “Flat organization” refers to one
a. with many levels of management
b. with few levels of management
c. with ineffective management
d. making only few products
63. In determining the cost of an accident to a company, both insured and Uninsured cost must
be determined. In this process
a. both cost must be estimated within 10 % using cost indices
b. insured costs must be calculated and uninsured costs be estimated
c. uninsured costs must be calculated and insured costs be estimated
d. depending on the availability of data and its accuracy, any of the methods
mentioned above can be used
64. Company A Sells a product to company B Which in turn sells the product to company C on
sales contract. The sale causes damages to company C. Based on the concept of “privity”
which of the following statement(s) is true?
a. Company B can file a claim against Company C
b. Company C can file a claim against company
c. Company C can file claim against company B and company B can file a claim
against company A
d. Only (b) and (c) above
65. A manufacturer places a product on the market without inspection for defects. The product
causes injury to a consumer because of product defect. The manufacturer’s liability in this
case is
a. Implied
b. Warranty
c. Limited
d. Strict
66. Anthropometry is a science which primarily deal with
a. Human history
b. Measurement of the human body.
c. Spread of infectious disease among a population
d. Study of tools and other objects used by ancient man
67. The science that applies the knowledge of human capabilities and limitations to design of
work environment is called
a. Anthropometry

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 b. Epidemiology
c. Ergonomics
d. Anthropology
68. Which one of the following is not a list of environmental stressors on human performance
a. Noise, light, heat
b. Cold, vibration,
c. Kinesiology, heart rate variability
d. Expansion of optical field, auditory overload
69. In occupational ergonomics, the abbreviation CTD Stands for
a. Carpal tunnel syndrome
b. Caption translation for deaf
c. Critical task design
d. Cumulative trauma disorders
70. Which one of the following variables is less likely to be considered in studying the hazards
caused by tasks requiring pushing and pulling?
a. Friction between human skin and materials
b. Vertical height of the object’s handle
c. Worker body positioning
d. Floor and shoes coefficient of friction
71. An employee has completed the safety analysis of a new process and feels good about his
performance. In the analysis of behavioral systems, this is an example of
a. an extrinsic reward
b. a peer group reward
c. an intrinsic reward
d. all of the above
72. According to Frederick Herzberg, which of the following is a correct statement regarding
motivating influence on an employee to conduct a job safety
a. Peer pressure
b. whether the job is important and meaningful to employee and his degree of
involvement in important aspects of the job
c. how good performance is recognized within the organization
d. all of the above
73. Argyris, one of the most recognized behavioral scientists, proposes “leveling” within an
organization as a solution to his “conflict theory” Which of the following statement best
describe the concept of organizational “leveling” as proposed by Argyris
a. line supervisors alone should make all decisions related to safety performance
b. the boss does not make all decisions alone
c. top management alone should make all decisions related to safety performance
d. one person, usually the safety officer, must make all decisions related and
communicate his decisions to everyone in the company
74. Which of the following statements best describe Likert’s behavioral theory?
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 a. worker productivity and supervisor control are inversely proportional
b. worker productivity and supervisor control are directly proportional
c. worker productivity and increases as the supervisor more closely wathes and
supervises the worker
d. the more punitive the supervisor, the more productive the worker
75. Article 500 of the National electric Code (NEC) applies to
a. High voltage electrical circuits
b. Electrical circuits with resistance exceeding 100 ohms.
c. Hazardous locations.
d. Circuits with no Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI)
76. As a Certified safety professional working for a manufacturing facility, your main object
should be
a. to create a participative style of management for safety and heath issues.
b. To hold the responsibility for safety and health issues at the management level.
c. To understand that you are responsible for the safety and health issues of the
company.
d. That all unsafe act and unsafe conditions are systematically identified and
eliminated
77. Behavioral researchers and scientists have suggested three categories of options to affect
behavioral changes. Which of the following is not one these three categories?
a. Build a comfortable psychological environment
b. reinforcing a desired behavior until the new habit is formed
c. change attitudes.
d. discipline negative behavior every time it occurs
78. The system safety technique that breaks down a job into successive steps, identifies the
hazards associated with each step, and applies solutions to control the hazards associated
with each step is called
a. preliminary hazard analysis
b. job safety analysis
c. hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP)
d. event tree analysis
79. Which of the following statement is true regarding “days away from Work”?
a. The same as “Incident Rates”
b. The amount of lost work days resulting from an injury is highly misleading for
implementing measures to reduce injuries and illnesses
c. Can be used for implementing measures to reduce injuries and illnesses
d. Combined with “restricted workdays”, can be used to implement measures to
reduce injuries and illnesses
80. All of the following are elements of a sound corporate quality plan EXCEPT
a. the type of customer that will use the product
b. the use of the product
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 c. Determining vendor locations.
d. The useful life of the product and disposal requirements b
81. A system of a machine is made of two components with probabilities of failure of 0.2 and 0.3
respectively. The system will fail if any one of the components fail. The probability of
system failure is
a. 0.44
b. 0.50
c. 0.60
d. 0.06
82. A system is made of three components with probabilities of failure of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4
respectively. The components are in series. The probability of system failure is
a. 0.44
b. 0.50
c. 0.876
d. 0.664
e. 0.776
83. A system is made of three components with reliabilities of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 respectively. The
components are in series. The probability of system failure is
a. 0.44
b. 0.50
c. 0.876
d. 0.06
e. 0.976
84. A system is made of three components with probabilities of failure of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4
respectively. The components are in series. The reliability of system is
a. 0.44
b. 0.336
c. 0.876
d. 0.664
e. 0.776
85.
86. Fail –safe design are generally classified into four categories, fail-passive, fail-active, fail-
operational and fail-redundant. Which of the following statements correctly describes fail-
passive design?
a. Allows the system to continue its operation until corrective action is taken.
b. Allows an energized condition to be maintained until corrective action is taken
c. Allows only those components of the system operational that can not contribute to
an accident.
d. Reduces the system to its lowest energy level and does not allow operation until
corrective action is taken

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87. Which of the following statements is not true in regard to a safety and health committee
within an organization?
a. safety committees can be unproductive
b. the major function of the safety committee is to create interest in safety and health
issues.
c. The major function of a safety committee is to provide and consultation to
employees and management on safety and health issue.
d. The major function of a safety committee is to set goals and objectives for the
company’s safety and health program and evaluate the effectiveness of the safety
and health program within the company
88. Which of the following statements is not true in regard to the use of behavioral data analysis
for improving safety?
a. Corrective action based on analysis of behavioral data can prevent accidents.
b. Behavioral data analysis can suggest corrective actions to prevent injury
c. Actual injury data is much more effective than behavioral data in improving
safety because it gets employee attention.
d. Behavioral data analysis is essential in improving safety because it closes the
improvement loop
89. All of the following are considered to be the role of a safety professional in a comprehensive
safety, health, and environmental program EXCEPT
a. safety and health training
b. recommending safety equipment
c. performing safety and health surveys
d. acting as an intermediate between supervisor and employees
90. Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of ISO 9000?
a. The ISO 9000 Family is primarily concerned with quality management
b. The ISO 9000 Family is primarily concerned with environmental management
c. The ISO 9000 Family is primarily concerned with proper management of
occupational safety within organizations
d. The ISO 9000 Family is primarily concerned with customer’s quality
requirement
91. Which of the following statements best describes the overall purpose of ISO 14000?
a. The ISO 14000 Family is primarily concerned with quality management.
b. The ISO 14000 Family is primarily concerned with environmental management
c. The ISO 14000 Family is primarily concerned with proper management of
occupational safety within organizations
d. The ISO 14000 Family is primarily concerned with the customer’s quality
requirements
92. Which of the following statements best describe “likert scale”?
a. it is used quality control to distinguish between patent defect and latent defect in a
product batch
b. it is a graph of a budgeting vs. scheduling to measure a manager’s effectiveness.
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 c. It is used to measure attitudes, preferences, and subjective reactions.
d. It is a site map about accessibility, groupware, and usability
93. The molarity (M) of a solution is defined as
a. the moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution (moles of solute/liters of
solution)
b. the moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (moles of solute/kilograms of solvent)
c. the quantity of acid that yields 1 mol H+ ion r the quantity of a base that reacts
with 1 mol H+ ion in acid-base reactions (one equivalent of acids reacts with one
equivalent of base)
d. the number of equivalents of a substance dissolved in a liter of solution
(equivalents of solutes/liters of solution)
94. The total resistance in a circuit with parallel resistors of 10, 15, and 20 ohms is
a. 4.6 ohms
b. .2166 ohms
c. 41 ohms
d. 65 ohms
95. Fumes can be described as
a. liquid droplets or solid particles dispersed in air that are fine enough particles to
remain dispersed in air for prolonged periods
b. particles formed when the material from a volatized solid condenses in cold air
c. suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the
liquid state or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state
d. gaseous form of a substances that are normally in a solid or liquid state at NTP
96. You record a reading of 120 dBA with a sound level meter at a distance of 10 feet from a
compressor. If you move to a distance of 20 feet from the compressor, the noise level reading
will be (Use thumb rule)
a. 109 dBA
b. 114 dBA
c. 116 dBA
d. 120 dBA
97. How long can an employee be exposed to continuous noise levels of 110 dB (Use thumb
rule)?
a. 15 minutes
b. 30 minutes
c. 1 hour
d. 2 hour
98. An employee working around a compressor has his noise exposure monitored with a
dosimeter. If the dosimeter reading is 400% for an eight hour shift, the TWA in decibles is
a. 95
b. 97.5
c. 100
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 d. 102.5
99. One gallon of acetone breaks and evaporates in a 30’x 30’x 10’ room. What is the
concentration? MW = 58; sg = 0.6
a. 3,760 ppm
b. 4,196 ppm
c. 5,036 ppm
d. 6,097 ppm
100. A roentgen (R) is
a. the amount of x- or gamma radiation that produces ionization resulting in one
electrostatic unit of charge in one cubic centimeter of dry air at standard
conditions
b. the mean energy per unit of mass imparted by ionizing in a mass (100 eggs
absorbed per gram)
c. a unit of absorbed dose (in rad) times a quality factor that is used to express the
relative biological effect of the particular radiation as compared to gamma-
radiation
d. the thickness of a specified substance that, when introduced into the path of a
given beam of radiation, reduces the value of the radiation quantity buy one-half

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