WR 240 Instruction Manual

@LZS]VJS@DL ABLVBG
_] =38
8?_] T T T T
Zfr`fs
@ssuf cbtf
==330?2T^8=Tfl
Drcfr luamfr
© _`rtofl OamE =82= 8?_]8882-0000

Xumg`sefr _`rtofl OamE

]f`lebrc-_`rtofl-Ztrbssf =
6:6?5 _`lcebofl
Ofrably
Xedlf9 +30 (8) =>36 / 2:2 - 8
ettp9//www.w`rtofl.cf
Cdjuaflt lbaf MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl

Srblsgbt`dl dn tef drò`lbg `lstrujt`dl ablubg
Cbtf dn n`rst `ssuf :2.8?.=82=
Cbtf dn baflcaflt =6.8=.=823
Jdpy
Jdpyr`
ròe
oett © _`r
_`rto
tofl
fl Oa
OamE
mE =8
=82=
2=
C`str`mut`dl blc jdpy`lo dn te`s cdjuaflt, usbof blc jdaaul`jbt`dl dn `ts jdl-
tflt brf ndrm`ccfl, ulgfss spfj`n`jbggy pfra`ttfc. @lnr`lofaflts
@lnr`lofaflts w`gg rfsugt `l tef
dmgòbt`dls td pby cbabofs. Bgg ròets rfsfrvfc `l jbsf dn b pbtflt, ut`g`ty adcfg
dr rfo`strbt`dl dn b cfsòl.
= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls dl tef `lstrujt`dl ablubg
OFLF]BG @LZS]VJS@DLZ DL SEF @LZS]VJS@DL ABLVBG
Sef `lstrujt`dl ablubg `s c`v`cfc `ltd > ab`l ordups9
Ab`l ordup 2 1
OFLF]BG
Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls, sbnfty `lstrujt`dls, sdulc/v`mr
Oflfrbg sdulc/v`mrbt`dl
bt`dl `lndrabt`dl, st`jkfrs,
abje`lf `cflt`n`jbt`dl, ftj.
Ab`l ordup = 1
CFZJ]@XS@DL
Dvfrv`fw blc brrblofaflts dn tef jdltrdg pblfgs, fxpgblbt`dl dn tef jdltrdgs
blc tef`r pds`t`dl dl/`l tef abje`lf, ftj.
Ab`l ordup : 1
DXF]BS@DL
Oflfrbg dpfrbt`lo `lstrujt`dls ndr stbrtup, dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl, seutt`lo-cdwl,
trblspdrt, ftj.
Ab`l ordup 3 1
AB@LSFLBLJF
Oflfrbg ab`ltflbljf `lstrujt`dls, spfj`n`j cfsjr`pt`dl dn bgg ab`ltflbljf pd`lts
`l tef abje`lf suje bs jefjks, d`g jeblofs, gumr`jbt`dl wdrk w`te tef jdrrf-
spdlc`lo ab`ltflbljf `ltfrvbgs, ftj.
Ab`l ordup 6 1
SBMGFZ
Zfrv`jf blc ab`ltflbljf jebrt, tfjel`jbg cbtb, nufgs / gumr`jblts, tòetfl`lo
tdrqufs, dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs, ftj.
Ab`l ordup > 1

@LZS]VJS@DLZ, ZFS-VX SBZKZ
Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls ndr sftt`lo up tef abje`lf mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl,
ftj.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl : / :?8

3 / :?8

Jdltflts
JDLSFLSZ
2 Oflfrbg
Oflfrbg...............................
...............................................................
.....................................................
..................... 2:
2.82 Xrfnbjf / `ltrdcujt`dl
`ltrdcujt`dl....................................................2:
....................................................2:
2.82.82 @ltrdcujt`dl
@ltrdcujt`dl.....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 2:
2.82.8= Jeblofs / jbvfbts
jbvfbts..........................................................................23
..........................................................................23
2.82.8: Xbjkbo`lo / stdrbof
stdrbof........................................................................23
........................................................................23
2.82.83 Abrkfrs blc syamdgs
syamdgs.....................................................................
..................................................................... 23
2.82.86 Cdjuafltbt`dl
Cdjuafltbt`dl................................................................................26
................................................................................26
2.82.8> JF cfjgbrbt`dl dn jdlndra`ty
jdlndra`ty..........................................................2>
..........................................................2>
2.8= Vsf
Vsf...................................................................................2?
...................................................................................2?
2.8=.82 Jdrrfjt usf
usf.....................................................................................2?
.....................................................................................2?
2.8=.8= @ljdrrfjt usf
usf...................................................................................2?
...................................................................................2?
2.8=.8: ]fs`cubg r`sks
r`sks.................................................................................
................................................................................. 2?
2.8: Jgàbt`j jdlc`t`dls

jdlc`t`dls........................................................25
........................................................25
2.8:.82 Jgàbt`j jdlc`t`dls
jdlc`t`dls..........................................................................25
..........................................................................25
2.83 Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls

`lstrujt`dls.........................................................20
.........................................................20
2.83.82 Flv`rdlafltbg prdtfjt`dl
prdtfjt`dl................................................................20
................................................................20
2.83.8= C`spdsbg
C`spdsbg..........................................................................................
.......................................................................................... 20
2.83.8: Abje`lf-sp
Abje`lf-spfj`n`j
fj`n`j sbnfty `lstrujt`dls...............................................=8
`lstrujt`dls...............................................=8
2.83.83 Cblofr zdlfs
zdlfs.................................................................................
................................................................................. =3
2.86 Ld`sf / v`mrbt`dl

v`mrbt`dl.............................................................=6
.............................................................=6
2.86.82 Ld`sf / v`mrbt`dl cbtb
cbtb.....................................................................
..................................................................... =6
2.8> Gbmfgg`lo
Gbmfgg`lo.......
..............
...............
...............
..............
...............
...............
...............
...............
..............
....... =6
2.8>.82 Jdgdurs
Jdgdurs............................................................................................=6
............................................................................................=6
2.8>.8= Zòls / st`jkfrs
st`jkfrs...............................................................................
............................................................................... =>
2.8>.8: Lbafpgbtf (abje`lf)
(abje`lf).....................................................................
..................................................................... :8
2.8>.83 Lbafpgbtf (]DXZ/NDXZ)
(]DXZ/NDXZ)..............................................................:=
..............................................................:=
2.8>.86 Abje`lf `cflt`n`jbt`dl
`cflt`n`jbt`dl.....................................................................
..................................................................... ::
= Cfsjr`pt`dl
Cfsjr`pt`dl.............................
.............................................................
.................................................
................. :6
=.88 Oflfrbg
Oflfrbg............................................................................:6
............................................................................:6
=.88.82 Dvfrv`fw dn jdltrdg pblfgs
pblfgs.............................................................:6
.............................................................:6
=.88.8= Cfsjr`pt`dl dn nuljt`dl
nuljt`dl....................................................................:?
....................................................................:?
=.82 Jebss`s / sbnfty cfv`jfs

cfv`jfs........
...............
..............
...............
...............
..............
..........
... 36
=.82.82 Jebss`s jdltrdgs
jdltrdgs.............................................................................
............................................................................. 36
=.82.8= Gòet`lo / wbrl`lo cfv`jf

cfv`jf................................................................36
................................................................36
=.82.8: Jdvfr pblfg / stdrbof mdxfs / ab`ltflbljf ngbps
ngbps..........................
.......................... 3>
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 6 / :?8

Jdltflts
=.82.83 N`rf fxt`lou`sefrs

fxt`lou`sefrs...........................................................................
........................................................................... 3?
=.8= Dpfrbtdr's stblc

stblc................................
............................................................
............................ 35
=.8=.82 Jbm`l jdltrdg pblfgs
pblfgs......................................................................
...................................................................... 35
=.8=.8= Dpfrbtdr's sfbt ròet jdltrdg pblfgs
pblfgs...............................................
............................................... 62
=.8=.8: Dpfrbtdr's sfbt gfnt jdltrdg pblfgs
pblfgs.................................................
................................................. 6:
=.8=.83 Dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`spgby
c`spgby............................................................66
............................................................66
=.8=.86 Dl-mdbrc jdaputfr syamdgs
syamdgs..........................................................66
..........................................................66
=.8=.8> Dpfrbtdr's jbm`l
jbm`l.............................................................................
............................................................................. ?8
=.8=.8? Dpfrbtdr's sfbt
sfbt...............................................................................
............................................................................... ?8
=.8=.85 B`r jdlc`t`dlf
jdlc`t`dlfr
r .................................................................................?2
.................................................................................?2
=.8=.80 ]bc`d / pr`ltfr .................................................................................?=
.................................................................................?=
=.8=.28 Jbafrb / adl`tdr systfa
systfa...............................................................
............................................................... ?:
=.8: A`gg`lo crua ul`t

ul`t............................................................?3
............................................................?3
=.8:.82 Sddg fxjeblof / a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf jdltrdg pblfgs..........?3
pblfgs..........?3
=.8:.8= A`gg`lo crua
crua....................................................................................
.................................................................................... ?6
=.8:.8: A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr nrdlt / rfbr .....................................................?6
.....................................................?6
=.83 Flo`lf / adtdr ordup

ordup.......
...............
...............
..............
...............
...............
..............
......... ?>
=.83.82 C`fsfg flo`lf
flo`lf..................................................................................?>
..................................................................................?>
=.83.8= Nufg suppgy
suppgy.....................................................................................
..................................................................................... ??
=.83.8: Jddg`lo systfa
systfa...............................................................................??
...............................................................................??
=.83.83 B`r n`gtfr ...........................................................................................
........................................................................................... ?5
=.83.86 Jdltrdg pblfg c`fsfg flo`lf c`bolds`s
c`bolds`s...........................................
........................................... ?0
=.86 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc

nffc...........................................................58
...........................................................58
=.86.82 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
nffc............................................................................58
............................................................................58
=.86.8= Eycrbug`j puap cr`vf
cr`vf.....................................................................
..................................................................... 52
=.8> Fgfjtr`jbg systfa

systfa.......
..............
...............
...............
..............
...............
...............
..............
......... 52
=.8>.82 Mbttfr`fs
Mbttfr`fs..........................................................................................52
..........................................................................................52
=.8>.8= Fgfjtr`jbg jbm`lft / nusfs
nusfs................................................................
................................................................ 5=
=.85 Bcvbljf cr`vf

cr`vf..............................
..............................................................
..................................
.. 5=
=.85.82 Bcvbljf cr`vf ofbrmdx / weffgs....................................................
weffgs.................................................... 5=
=.85.8= Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg
jdltrdg........................................................................
........................................................................ 5:
=.85.8: Cfv`jf ndr tdw`lo bwby
bwby..................................................................
.................................................................. 53
=.80 Ztffr`lo systfa

systfa............................
............................................................
.................................. 53
=.80.82 Ztffr`lo
Ztffr`lo...........................................................................................53
...........................................................................................53
=.22 Gfvfgg`lo systfa

systfa............................................................56
............................................................56
=.22.82 Zflsdrs
Zflsdrs...........................................................................................56
...........................................................................................56
=.2= _btfr systfa

systfa..................................................................56
..................................................................56
=.2=.82 _btfr suppgy
suppgy...................................................................................56
...................................................................................56
> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Jdltflts
=.2: Jgfblfr ul`t

ul`t.............................
.............................................................
.......................................
....... 5>
=.2:.82 Eòe prfssurf jgfblfr ....................................................................
.................................................................... 5>
=.2> M`lcfr ul`t

ul`t......................................................................5?
......................................................................5?
=.2>.82 Dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`spgby cds`lo ul`t
ul`t.........................................
......................................... 5?
=.2>.8= Zprby`lo mfbas
mfbas..............................................................................5?
..............................................................................5?
=.2>.8: X`pf jdllfjtdrs
jdllfjtdrs..............................................................................55
..............................................................................55
=.2>.83 Sfst ldzzgf
ldzzgf.....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 55
=.2? Jdaprfssfc b`r systfa blc bjjfssdr`fs

bjjfssdr`fs.......
..............
............
..... 50
=.2?.82 Jdaprfssfc b`r tblk / cfnrdstfr ul`t
ul`t..............................................50
..............................................50
: Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbt`dl.................................................................................02
.................................................................................02
:.88 Oflfrbg
Oflfrbg............................................................................02
............................................................................02
:.88.82 Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls
`lstrujt`dls........................................................................02
........................................................................02
:.88.8= Ztbrtup
Ztbrtup............................................................................................
............................................................................................ 02
:.88.8: Dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl
dpfrbt`dl............................................................................
............................................................................ 02
:.88.83 Zeutt`lo cdwl
cdwl.................................................................................0=
.................................................................................0=
:.88.86 Srblspdrtbt`dl
Srblspdrtbt`dl.................................................................................0:
.................................................................................0:
:.82 Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdg (XGJ)

(XGJ)........
...............
..............
...............
........ 03
:.82.82 Dpfrbtdr ou`cbljf (dl-mdbrc jdaputfr)
jdaputfr)........................................03
........................................03
:.82.8= Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs ZXL/NA@ (c`fsfg flo`lf)
flo`lf).....
...........
............
........
.. 283
:.82.8: Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs ngbse jdcf (c`fsfg flo`lf)
flo`lf)......
............
...........
..... 286
:.82.83 Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs (abje`lf)
(abje`lf)..........................................
.......................................... 280
:.82.86 Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs ngbse jdcf (abje`lf)
(abje`lf).........................22=
.........................22=
:.82.8> C`boldst`j systfa
systfa........................................................................
........................................................................ 223
:.82.8? Idm cbtb
cbtb........................................................................................226
........................................................................................226
:.82.85 Xr`ltfr ............................................................................................
.......................................................................................... 22?
:.8= C`fsfg flo`lf

flo`lf................................................................225
................................................................225
:.8=.82 Ztbrt`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf
flo`lf............................................................
............................................................ 225
:.8=.8= Zw`tje`lo dnn tef c`fsfg flo`lf
flo`lf....................................................
.................................................... 2=8
:.8=.8: Ztbrt`lo w`te iuap gfbcs
gfbcs...............................................................2=2
...............................................................2=2
:.8: Dpfrbtdr's stblc

stblc.............................
..........................................................
............................. 2=:
:.8:.82 Jbm`l / b`r jdlc`t`dlfr / efbtfr .....................................................2=:
.....................................................2=:
:.8:.8= Fxtfr`dr gòet`lo
gòet`lo.............................................................................2=5
.............................................................................2=5
:.8:.8: Jbafrb / adl`tdr systfa
systfa.............................................................
............................................................. 2:8
:.83 A`gg`lo crua ul`t

ul`t..........................................................2:?
..........................................................2:?
:.83.82 A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl spffc
spffc..........................................................2:?
..........................................................2:?
:.83.8= A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr rfbr .............................................................

............................................................. 23=
:.83.8: A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr nrdlt
nrdlt............................................................
............................................................ 233
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ? / :?8

Jdltflts
:.83.83 Butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut

stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl...........................................
nuljt`dl........................................... 236
:.83.86 "8" pds`t`dl
pds`t`dl....................................................................................230
....................................................................................230
:.83.8> A`gg`lo cfpte
cfpte.................................................................................
................................................................................. 262
:.83.8? A`gg`lo crua cr`vf
cr`vf.........................................................................
......................................................................... 26=
:.83.85 A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf
cfv`jf.........................................................
......................................................... 26:
:.86 Srbvfgg`lo / stffr`lo

stffr`lo............................
.....................................................
......................... 263
:.86.82 Srbvfgg`lo
Srbvfgg`lo......................................................................................
...................................................................................... 263
:.86.8= Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg (FGJ)
(FGJ)............................................................26?
............................................................26?
:.86.8: Ztffr`lo
Ztffr`lo.........................................................................................265
.........................................................................................265
:.86.83 Sdw`lo bwby
bwby.................................................................................2>6
.................................................................................2>6
:.8> Efòet bciustaflt / gfvfgg`lo

gfvfgg`lo.............................
......................................
......... 2?6
:.8>.82 G`nt`lo / gdwfr`lo abje`lf
abje`lf.............................................................2?6
.............................................................2?6
:.8>.8= Zgdpf rfougbt`dl
rfougbt`dl............................................................................258
............................................................................258
:.8>.8: Ordulc jgfbrbljf
jgfbrbljf.........................................................................
......................................................................... 25=
:.8? Cds`lo ul`t

ul`t................................
................................................................
...................................
... 25:
:.8?.82 Mbs`j sftt`los
sftt`los...............................................................................
............................................................................... 25:
:.8?.8= Cds`lo ul`t @ (dpfrbt`dl)
(dpfrbt`dl)...............................................................208
...............................................................208
:.8?.8: Cds`lo ul`t @@ (dpfrbt`dl)
(dpfrbt`dl)..............................................................20:
..............................................................20:
:.8?.83 Cry rul sflsdr ..............................................................................20>
..............................................................................20>
:.8?.86 Ndba m`tuafl jdls`stfljy sbapgf
sbapgf..............................................20?
..............................................20?
:.8?.8> Dpfrbt`dl w`te tblk trujk
trujk.............................................................
............................................................. 205
3 Ab`ltflbljf
Ab`ltflbljf..........................................................................=82
..........................................................................=82
3.88 Oflfrbg
Oflfrbg..........................................................................=82
..........................................................................=82
3.88.82 Oflfrbg ab`ltflbljf `lstrujt`dls
`lstrujt`dls................................................=82
................................................=82
3.88.8= Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls dl w`ltfr sfrv`jf
sfrv`jf.........................................
......................................... =8=
3.88.8: Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls dl wfgc`lo wdrk

wdrk..........................................
.......................................... =83
3.88.83 Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls dl tef sedrt ab`ltflbljf `lstrujt`dl
`lstrujt`dl...........=86
...........=86
3.88.86 Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls dl tef ab`ltflbljf ngbps.
ngbps............................
........................... =86
3.82 Jebss`s / sbnfty cfv`jfs

cfv`jfs.......
..............
..............
...............
...............
..............
.........
.. =2=
3.82.82 Jefjk`lo sbnfty cfv`jfs
cfv`jfs..............................................................
.............................................................. =2=
3.82.8= Gòet`lo / wbrl`lo cfv`jf
cfv`jf..............................................................=23
..............................................................=23
3.82.8: Jgfbl`lo
Jgfbl`lo........................................................................................=26
........................................................................................=26
3.8= Dpfrbtdr's stblc

stblc............................
..........................................................
.............................. ==2
3.8=.82 Dpfrbtdr's jbm`l
jbm`l...........................................................................
........................................................................... ==2
3.8=.8= B`r jdlc`t`dlfr ................................................................................===
..............................................................................===
3.8: A`gg`lo crua ul`t

ul`t..........................................................==6
..........................................................==6
3.8:.82 A`gg`lo crua ofbrmdx
ofbrmdx....................................................................==6
....................................................................==6
5 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Jdltflts
3.8:.8= Jeblo`lo tef p`jks

p`jks.......................................................................==5
.......................................................................==5
3.8:.8: Ru`jk-jeblof tddgedgcfr systfa
systfa..................................................=:2
..................................................=:2
3.8:.83 _fbr pbttfrls
pbttfrls...............................................................................=:>
...............................................................................=:>
3.8:.86 Nrdlt turltbmgf
turltbmgf..............................................................................
.............................................................................. =:0
3.8:.8> A`gg`lo crua mfbr`lo
mfbr`lo.....................................................................=38
.....................................................................=38
3.8:.8? Cr`vf mfgts
mfgts.....................................................................................=3=
.....................................................................................=3=
3.8:.85 Cr`vf mfgt puggfys
puggfys..........................................................................=3?
..........................................................................=3?
3.83 Flo`lf / adtdr ordup

ordup.......
...............
...............
..............
...............
...............
.............
...... =66
3.83.82 C`fsfg flo`lf `l oflfrbg
oflfrbg..............................................................
.............................................................. =66
3.83.8= C`fsfg flo`lf nufg systfa
systfa............................................................
............................................................ =6?
3.83.8: C`fsfg flo`lf d`g
d`g...........................................................................=>=
...........................................................................=>=
3.83.83 C`fsfg flo`lf b`r n`gtfr`lo
n`gtfr`lo..............................................................=>6
..............................................................=>6
3.83.86 C`fsfg flo`lf jddg`lo systfa
systfa......................................................
...................................................... =?8
3.86 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc

nffc.........................................................=?3
.........................................................=?3
3.86.82 Eycrbug`j d`g tblk
tblk..........................................................................=?3
..........................................................................=?3
3.86.8= Eycrbug`j d`g n`gtfr ...........................................................................=??
.........................................................................=??
3.86.8: Jddgfr (eycrbug`j d`g + eycrbug`j puap cr`vf - nguse`lo)
nguse`lo)......
............
.........
... =52
3.86.83 Eycrbug`j puap cr`vf
cr`vf...................................................................
................................................................... =5=
3.8> Fgfjtr`jbg systfa

systfa..........................................................=53
..........................................................=53
3.8>.82 Mbttfr`fs / fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy................................................=53
suppgy................................................=53
3.85 Bcvbljf cr`vf

cr`vf................................
..............................................................
.............................. =5>
3.85.82 Bcvbljf cr`vf ofbrmdx................................................................
ofbrmdx................................................................ =5>
3.85.8= _effgs / tyrfs
tyrfs...............................................................................=5?
...............................................................................=5?
3.2= _btfr systfa

systfa................................................................=55
................................................................=55
3.2=.82 _btfr tblk
tblk....................................................................................
.................................................................................... =55
3.2=.8= _btfr n`gtfr ....................................................................................
.................................................................................... =0=
3.2> M`lcfr ul`t

ul`t....................................................................=0:
....................................................................=0:
3.2>.82 M`tuafl wbtfr puap
puap....................................................................
.................................................................... =0:
3.2>.8= M`lcfr puaps
puaps...............................................................................
............................................................................... =06
3.2>.8: Jgfbl`lo dn tef cds`lo ul`t
ul`t..........................................................
.......................................................... =0>
3.2>.83 M`tuafl n`gtfr .................................................................................:88
.................................................................................:88
3.2? Jdaprfssfc b`r systfa blc bjjfssdr`fs

bjjfssdr`fs.......
..............
..........
... :8:
3.2?.82 Jdaprfssfc b`r tblk
tblk....................................................................
.................................................................... :8:
3.2?.8= Cfnrdstfr ul`t
ul`t................................................................................:83
................................................................................:83
3.25 Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t

ul`t............................................................:8?
............................................................:8?
3.25.82 Gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts
pd`lts.........................................................................
......................................................................... :8?

Jdltflts
6 Jebrts
Jebrts.................................
.................................................................
...................................................
................... :20
6.82 Ab`ltflbljf
Ab`ltflbljf.......
..............
...............
...............
..............
...............
...............
...............
..............
...... :20
6.82.82 Zfrv`jf blc ab`ltflbljf jebrt
jebrt....................................................:20
....................................................:20
6.8= Sfjel`jbg cbtb

cbtb..............................
..............................................................
................................ :=:
6.8=.82 Càfls`dls / wfòets / pfrndrabljf
pfrndrabljf............................................
............................................ :=:
6.8: Nufgs / gumr`jblts

gumr`jblts........
...............
..............
...............
...............
...............
...............
............
..... :=0
6.8:.82 N`gg`lo jbpbj`t`fs
jbpbj`t`fs...........................................................................
........................................................................... :=0
6.8:.8= Nufgs / gumr`jblts jdapbr`sdl tbmgf - 8:.=823
8:.=823.............................
............................. :=0
6.8:.8: Nufgs / gumr`jblts sfgfjt`dl c`borbas - 22.=82:
22.=82:...........................::=
...........................::=
6.83 Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs

tdrqufs........
...............
..............
...............
...............
..............
...............
..........
.. ::6
6.83.82 Zjrfws / luts (aftr`j stblcbrc terfbc)
terfbc)........................................
........................................ ::6
6.83.8= Zjrfws / luts (aftr`j n`lf terfbc)
terfbc)................................................
................................................ ::6
6.83.8: Zjrfws / luts (`lje stblcbrc terfbc VLJ)
VLJ)......
............
............
............
............
..........
.... ::>
6.83.83 Zjrfws / luts (`lje n`lf terfbc VLN)
VLN)...........................................::>
...........................................::>
6.86 Nrdst prdtfjt`dl

prdtfjt`dl................................
...........................................................
........................... ::?
6.86.82 C`fsfg flo`lfs - 28.=82:
28.=82:.............................................................
............................................................. ::?
6.86.8= A`gg`lo crua / wbtfr systfa
systfa.........................................................
......................................................... ::5
6.8> Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs

afssbofs..........................................::5
..........................................::5
6.8>.82 Abje`lf
Abje`lf........................................................................................
........................................................................................ ::5
6.8>.8= C`fsfg flo`lf ZXL jdcf blc ngbse jdcf
jdcf.....................................
..................................... :3:
6.8? Jbgjugbt`dl fxbapgfs / ndraugbs

ndraugbs................................:3>
................................:3>
6.8?.82 _btfr / faugs`dl
faugs`dl...........................................................................:3>
...........................................................................:3>
6.8?.8= Ndba m`tuafl
m`tuafl...............................................................................:3?
...............................................................................:3?
> @lstbggbt`dl, bssfamgy blc jdlvfrs`dl `lstrujt`dls, sft-up
tbsks.......................................................................................:30
tbsks.......................................................................................:30
>.88 Oflfrbg
Oflfrbg..........................................................................:30
..........................................................................:30
>.88.82 Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls
`lstrujt`dls......................................................................:30
......................................................................:30
>.82 Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdg (XGJ)

(XGJ).......
..............
..............
..............
....... :30
>.82.82 C`spgby mròetlfss / cbtf / prdorbaaf gbloubof
gbloubof.........................:30
.........................:30
>.82.8= @X] jdcf
jdcf.......................................................................................:62
.......................................................................................:62
>.8= C`fsfg flo`lf

flo`lf................................................................:62
................................................................:62
>.8=.82 Xr`dr td stbrt`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf
flo`lf................................................
................................................ :62
>.8: Dpfrbtdr's stblc

stblc............................
..........................................................
.............................. :6>
>.8:.82 Dpfrbtdr's jbm`l
jbm`l...........................................................................
........................................................................... :6>
>.8:.8= Dpfrbtdr's sfbt ul`t ul`t......................................................................

...................................................................... :65
>.8:.8: A`rrdrs
A`rrdrs...........................................................................................:>=
...........................................................................................:>=

Jdltflts
>.8:.83 Jbafrb / adl`tdr systfa

systfa.............................................................
............................................................. :>:
>.83 A`gg`lo crua ul`t

ul`t..........................................................:>>
..........................................................:>>
>.83.82 A`gg`lo crua sefgg
sefgg.........................................................................
......................................................................... :>>
>.86 Cds`lo ul`t

ul`t................................
.................................................................
...................................
.. :>0
>.86.82 Ndba m`tuafl jdls`stfljy
jdls`stfljy...........................................................:>0
...........................................................:>0
>.86.8= _btfr tblk / bcc`t`dlbg wbtfr tblk

tblk................................................:?8
................................................:?8

2= / :?8

Oflfrbg
Xrfnbjf / `ltrdcujt`dl
2 OFLF]BG
Ndggdw tef rfabrks `l ydur sbnfty ablubg cur`lo bgg wdrk!
2.82 Xrfnbjf / `ltrdcujt`dl

2.82.82 @ltrdcujt`dl
@l te`s sfjt`dl, bs tef dpfrbtdr ydu w`gg n`lc àpdrtblt rfabrks dl tef dpfrbt`dl
dn tef abje`lf blc tef usbof dn te`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg.
Se`s _@]SOFL abje`lf `s b prdcujt nrda tef w`cf rblof dn _@]SOFL rdbc-
mu`gc`lo abje`lfry.
_@]SOFL's fxtfls`vf fxpfr`fljf bs wfgg bs tef gbtfst prdcujt`dl blc tfst afte-
dcs flsurf tef abxàua rfg`bm`g`ty dn ydur abje`lf. Sef `lstrujt`dl ablubg `s b
pbrt dn tef abje`lf!
Se`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg `s dlgy vbg`c `l jdliuljt`dl w`te tef sbnfty ablubg
blc tef trblspdrtbt`dl `lstrujt`dls. Xgfbsf ldtf9
Se`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg wbs wr`ttfl ndr tef dpfrbtdrs/ab`ltflbljf pfrsdllfg.
Se`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg `s `ltflcfc td abkf ydu bmgf td dpfrbtf tef abje`lf
sbnfgy blc td fxpgd`t tef pdss`m`g`t`fs `t dnnfrs.
@t bgsd prdv`cfs ydu w`te `lndrabt`dl dl tef nuljt`dl dn àpdrtblt bssfamg`fs blc
systfas.
Cur`lo te`s prdjfss jfrtb`l tfras brf usfc `l te`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg. Sd bvd`c
a`sulcfrstblc`los, ydu sedugc bgwbys usf tef sbaf tfras.
Dlgy qubg`n`fc, `lstrujtfc blc trb`lfc pfrsdllfg brf bggdwfc td wdrk dl te`s ab-
je`lf.
Sef `lstrujt`dl ablubg, tef sbnfty ablubg, tef trblspdrtbt`dl `lstrujt`dls blc
tef st`pugbt`dls blc rfougbt`dls bppg`jbmgf `l tef pgbjf dn usf aust mf ndggdwfc
(ndr fxbapgf efbgte blc sbnfty rfougbt`dls).
Sef usbof dn te`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg w`gg abkf `t fbs`fr ndr ydu9
 Sd mfjdaf nba`g`br w`te tef abje`lf
 Sd bvd`c nbugts cuf td `ljdrrfjt dpfrbt`dl
Ndggdw`lo tef `lstrujt`dl ablubg w`gg9

 Efgp ydu td bvd`c ebzbrcs
 @ljrfbsf rfg`bm`g`ty cur`lo usbof dl tef jdlstrujt`dl s`tf
 @ljrfbsf tef sfrv`jf g`nf dn tef abje`lf
 ]fcujf ab`ltflbljf jdsts blc cdwltàfs
Bgwbys kffp te`s
te`s `lstrujt`dl a
ablubg
blubg bt e
eblc,
blc, ndr fxbapgf
fxbapgf `l tef tddg
tddg mdx dl tef
tef
abje`lf dr `l tef edgcfr prdv`cfc ndr te`s purpdsf.
@n ydu sedugc rfjf`vf nurtefr `lndrabt`dl ndr tef abje`lf nrda us (ndr fxbapgf
bcc`t`dlbg tfjel`jbg `lndrabt`dl), tefsf `lstrujt`dls brf bgsd td mf ndggdwfc blc
bccfc td tef `lstrujt`dl ablubg.
@n ydu cd ldt ulcfrstblc tef `lstrujt`dl ablubg dr `lc`v`cubg sfjt`dls, ydu
sedugc bsk us mfndrf ydu stbrt tef rfgbtfc bjt`v`ty.
_@]SOFL OamE `s ldt g`bmgf ndr tef sbnf nuljt`dl dn tef abje`lf9
 @l tef jbsf dn usf dtefr tebl ldrabg.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2: / :?8

Oflfrbg
Pdu
Pdu jblld
jblldtt abkf jgbàs ulcfr tef wbrrblty `l jbsf
jbsf dn9
 Dpfrbt`lo frrdrs.
 @lbcfqubtf ab`ltflbljf.
 Vsf dn ulsu`tbmgf nufgs / gumr`jblts.
 Vsf tebt `s ldt g`stfc `l tef `lstrujt`dl ablubg.
Sef wbrrblty jdlc`t`dls blc g`bm`g`ty stbtfc `l tef oflfrbg tfras blc jdlc`t`dls
dn _@]SOFL OamE brf ldt adc`n`fc my tefsf `lstrujt`dls.
_f rfsfrvf tef ròet td abkf jeblofs w`tedut ldt`jf `l tef jdltfxt dn tfjel`jbg
cfvfgdpaflt.
Se`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg bgsd cfsjr`mfs dpt`dlbg fqu`paflt we`je aby ldt mf n`t-
tfc td ydur abje`lf.
Sef `lndrabt`dl blc `ggustrbt`dls jdltb`lfc `l te`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg aust ldt mf
jdp`fc, c`str`mutfc dr usfc ndr jdapft`t`vf purpdsfs.
Bgteduoe bgg
bgg trblsgbt`dl
trblsgbt`dls
s ebvf mff
mffl
l jbrr`fc dut
dut bs aft`jugdusgy
aft`jugdusgy bs pdss`mgf Ld g`-
bm`g`ty jbl mf bjjfptfc ndr trblsgbt`dl frrdrs dr bly rfsugt`lo jdlsfqufljfs; bgsd
ldt `l tef jbsf tebt tef trblsgbt`dl wbs abcf my us dr wbs jdaa`ss`dlfc my us.
Sef drò`lbg Ofrabl tfxt `s m`lc`lo ndr bgg wbrrblty blc g`bm`g`ty jgbàs.
Bgg ròets fxprfssgy
fxprfssgy rfsfrvfc
rfsfrvfc `l bjjdrc
bjjdrcbljf
bljf w`te tef gbw dl jdpyròet.
jdpyròet.
_f w`se ydu fvfry sujjfss w`te ydur _@]SOFL abje`lf!
2.82.8= Jeblofs / jbvfbts

_f abkf fvfry fnndrt td flsurf te`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg `s jdrrfjt blc up td cbtf.
Sd ab`ltb`l dur tfjeldgdo`jbg gfbc, `t aby mf lfjfssbry td abkf jeblofs td tef
prdcujt blc `ts dpfrbt`dl w`tedut ldt`jf. Ndr nbugts, nb`gurfs blc rfsugt`lo cba-
bof, wf bjjfpt ld g`bm`g`ty.
Xgfbsf bgsd pby bttflt`dl td bly bcc`t`dlbg `lndrabt`dl suppg`fc.
2.82.8: Xbjkbo`lo / stdrbof

Sd flsurf bcfqubtf prdtfjt`dl cur`lo se`pp`lo, tef prdcujts ebvf mffl jbrf-
nuggy pbjkbofc. Dl rfjf`pt dn tef oddcs, tef pbjkbo`lo blc tef oddcs sedugc mf
jefjkfc ndr cbabof.
@l jbsf dn cbabof, tef ul`t `s ldt bggdwfc td mf pgbjfc `l dpfrbt`dl. Cbabofc
jbmgfs blc jdllfjtdrs brf bgsd b sbnfty r`sk blc aust ldt mf usfc. @l te`s jbsf,
pgfbsf jdltbjt ydur _@]SOFL suppg`fr.
@n tef ul`ts brf ldt pgbjfc `l dpfrbt`dl àafc`btfgy bntfr ulpbjk`lo, tefy aust mf
prdtfjtfc bob`lst ad`sturf blc sd`g`lo.
2.82.83 Abrkfrs blc syamdgs

Sef abrkfrs blc syamdgs `l te`s ablubg brf `ltflcfc td efgp ydu td usf tef ul`t
qu`jkgy blc sbnfgy. LDSF
]FAB]K
Sef rfabrk prdv`cfs `lndrabt`dl dl tef adst fnnfjt`vf blc adst prbjt`jbg usbof
dn tef ul`t blc te`s ablubg.
AB]O@L
Bjt`dls
Sef cfn`lfc sfqufljf dn bjt`dls w`gg abkf `t fbs`fr ndr ydu td usf tef ul`t jdr-
rfjtgy blc sbnfgy.
AB]O@L
]fsugt
Efrf ydu w`gg n`lc b cfsjr`pt`dl dn tef rfsugt dn b sfqufljf dn bjt`dls.

Oflfrbg
[Q Xds`t`dl luamfrs `l tef `lc`v`cubg `ggustrbt`dls brf abrkfc `l tef tfxt w`te squbrf
mrbjkfts [Q.
2.82.86 Cdjuafltbt`dl
B jdpy dn te`s ablubg
ablubg aust mmff bvb`gbmgf td tef butedr`sfc
butedr`sfc dpfrbtdrs/ab`l
dpfrbtdrs/ab`ltf-
tf-
lbljf pfrsdllfg bt bgg tàfs.
Mfndrf ydu usf tef abje`lf, ydu aust rfbc te`s ablubg jbrfnuggy blc ulcfr-
stblc `t.
Se`s ablubg `s `ltflcfc td abkf ydu nba`g`br w`te tef mbs`j tbsks/bjt`v`t`fs dl
tef abje`lf.
Se`s ablubg jdltb`ls àpdrtblt `lstrujt`dls dl tef sbnf blc jdrrfjt usf dn tef
abje`lf.
Ndggdw`lo `t w`gg efgp9

 Sd bvd`c ebzbrcs.
 Sd rfcujf rfpb`r jdsts blc cdwl tàfs.
 Sd `ljrfbsf tef rfg`bm`g`ty blc sfrv`jf g`nf dn tef abje`lf.
Ldtw`testblc`lo te`s ablubg, tef gbws, drc`lbljfs, c`rfjt`vfs blc stblcbrcs bp-
pg`jbmgf `l tef jdultry blc pgbjf dn usf aust mf dmsfrvfc.
Sef usbof dn tef abje`lf `s cfsjr`mfc `l te`s ablubg. Se`s `lstrujt`dl ablubg `s
dlgy vbg`c `l jdliuljt`dl w`te tef sbnfty `lstrujt`dls ablubg blc tef trblspdrtb-
t`dl `lstrujt`dls nrda _`rtofl.
B sbnfty `lstrujt`dls
`lstrujt`dls ablubg
ablubg blc tef tr
trblspdrtbt`d
blspdrtbt`dl
l `lstrujt`dls
`lstrujt`dls aust mf bjjfss`-
bjjfss`-
mgf ndr tef dpfrbtdrs/ab`ltflbljf pfrsdllfg bt bgg tàfs.

Oflfrbg
2.82.8> JF cfjgbrbt`dl dn jdlndra`ty

Sef cfjgbrbt`dl dn jdlndra`ty `s pbrt dn tef cdjuafltbt`dl prdv`cfc sfpbrbtfgy
my _`rtofl OamE blc w`gg mf prdv`cfc td ydu dl tef cfg`vfry dn tef abje`lf.
Sef JF abrk`lo dn tef abje`lf ndras pbrt dn tef lbafpgbtf.
AB]O@L
Sef p`jtdorba `lc`jbtfs jdlndra`ty w`te tef bppg`jbmgf FV c`rfjt`vfs tebt bnnfjt
tef prdcujt ‚ tebt `s tef abje`lf ‚ blc tebt spfj`ny b JF abrk`lo.
2> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg
Vsf
2.8= Vsf
2.8=.82 Jdrrfjt usf
Sef abje`lf jdrrfspdlcs td tef tfjel`jbg stbtf-dn-tef-brt bs wfgg bs tef bppg`j-
bmgf sbnfty st`pugbt`dls bt tef tàf `t `s pgbjfc dl tef abrkft `l tef jdltfxt dn `ts
jdrrfjt usf.
Sef abje`lf `s cfsòlfc9

 fxjgus`vfgy ndr a`x`lo n`ggfr, jfaflt, gàf eycrbtf, faugs`dl, edt m`tuafl ftj.
w`te lbturbg sd`g dr n`gg abtfr`bg `l drcfr td àprdvf tef lbturbg prdpfrt`fs dn tef
sd`g blc ndr a`gg`lo dnn ulstbmgf bspebgt blc bspebgt jdljrftf rdbc surnbjfs up
td b abxàua te`jklfss dn =8 ja.
Sef abje`lf `s dlgy `ltflcfc td mf usfc jdaafrj`bggy dl fljgdsfc jdlstrujt`dl
s`tfs.
Sef abje`lf aust mf dpfrbtfc my trb`lfc sfrv`jf stbnn/ab`ltflbljf pfrsdllfg
`l bjjdrcbljf w`te tef spfj`n`jbt`dls `l tef tfjel`jbg cdjuafltbt`dl.
Bly `ljdrrfjt
`ljdrrfjt dpfrbt`d
dpfrbt`dl
l dr bjt`v`t`fs dl
dl tef abje`lf
abje`lf ldt cfsjr`mfc
cfsjr`mfc `l te`s ablubg
ablubg
rfprfsfltt a`susf duts`cf tef gà`ts dn tef ablunbjturfr's
rfprfsfl ablunbjturfr's stbtutdry g`bm`g`ty.
2.8=.8= @ljdrrfjt usf

@l pbrt`jugbr, tef abje`lf `s ldt bggdwfc td mf usfc9

Sd jbrry pfdpgf wed brf ldt pfrsdllfg ndr dpfrbt`lo tef abje`lf
 Bs g`nt`lo fqu`paflt
fqu`paflt
 Ndr a`gg`lo dr rfadv`lo trbjks, p`pfs, abledgf jdvfrs blc dtefr dmifjts sft
`ltd tef rdbc surnbjf
2.8=.8: ]fs`cubg r`sks

Sef rfs`cubg r`sks wfrf blbgysfc blc fvbgubtfc pr`dr td tef stbrt tef cfsòl blc
pgbll`lo dn tef abje`lf.
@lndrabt`dl dl fx`st`lo rfs`cubg r`sks `s o`vfl `l tef cdjuafltbt`dl.
Pdu jbl bvd`c fx`st`lo rfs`cubg r`sks my tef prbjt`jbg àpgfafltbt`dl blc jdapg`-
bljf w`te tefsf rfqu`rfaflts, ndr fxbapgf9
 Sef spfj`bg wbrl`los dl tef abje`lf.
 Sef oflfrbg sbnfty `lstrujt`dls `l te`s ablubg blc `l tef sbnfty ablubg.
 Sef spfj`bg wbrl`los `l te`s ablubg.
 Sef `lstrujt`dls `l tef sbnfty ablubg.
 Sef dpfrbt`lo drobl`sbt`dl's `lstrujt`dls.
Adrtbg cblofr/r`sk dn `liury ndr pfrsdllfg jbl br`sf dl tef abje`lf, ndr fxbapgf
cuf td9
 @ljdrrfjt usbof.
 @ljdrrfjt eblcg`lo.
 @ljdrrfjt trblspdrt.
 A`ss`lo prdtfjt`vf cfv`jfs.
 Nbugty dr cbabofc jdapdlflts.
 Eblcg`lo/usbof my pfrsdllfg wed ebvf ldt mffl trb`lfc blc `lstrujtfc.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2? / :?8

Oflfrbg
Jgàbt`j jdlc`t`dls
Ebzbrcs ndr tef flv`rdlaflt cuf td tef abje`lf jbl br`sf ndr fxbapgf cuf td9
 @ljdrrfjt c`spdsbg dn gumr`jblts blc nufg.
 Ld`sf fa`ss`dl.
Cbabof td tef abje`lf jbl djjur ndr fxbapgf cuf td9

 Nb`gurf td jdapgy w`te dpfrbt`lo blc ab`ltflbljf rfqu`rfaflts.

Cbabof td dtefr bssfts `l tef dpfrbt`lo brfb dn tef abje`lf jbl djjur ndr fx-
bapgf cuf td9
 @ljdrrfjtgy pfrndrafc rfpb`rs.
Sef abje`lf's pfrndrabljf dr nuljt`dlbg`ty aby mf gà`tfc ndr fxbapgf cuf td9
 @ljdrrfjt ab`ltflbljf blc rfpb`r.
2.8: Jgàbt`j jdlc`t`dls

2.8:.82 Jgàbt`j j
jddlc`t`dls
Gdw bam`flt tfapfrbturf
@l jdgc wfbtefr, tef stbrt`lo mfebv`dur blc tef dpfrbt`dl dn tef c`fsfg flo`lf cf-
pflc dl tef ndggdw`lo pd`lts9
 Ndr nufgs usfc, sff Nufgs - gumr`jblts sfgfjt`dl tbmgfs.
 Ndr flo`lf d`g v`sjds`ty, sff Nufgs - gumr`jblts sfgfjt`dl tbmgf
tbmgfs.
s.
 Ztbtf dn tef mbttfry.
Bcv`jf ndr dpfrbt`dl `l jdgc wfbtefr9

 Bntfr stbrt`lo,
stbrt`lo, gfbvf tef c`f
c`fsfg
sfg flo`lf td rul dl gdw
gdw gdbc ult`g tef tfapfrbturf
tfapfrbturf
obuof `lc`jbtfs `ljrfbs`lo vbgufs.
 Bntfr tef c`fsfg
c`fsfg flo`lf ``s
s sw`tjefc dnn, tef jddg`lo blc
blc gumr`jbt`dl systfas
tbkf tàf td jddg cdwl. Se`s afbls tebt tef c`fsfg flo`lf jbl mf seut cdwl
ndr b nfw edurs blc tefl rfstbrtfc w`tedut prdmgfas.
 Mfgdw 8 ¸J usf w`ltfr nufg.
 Xr`dr td tef jdgc sfbsdl, n`gg `l tef jdrrfjt gumr`jblt.
 Jefjk bgg pbrts abcf dn rummfr (edsfs, ^-mfgts ftj.).
 Jefjk bgg fgfjtr`jbg jbmgfs blc jdllfjt`dls ndr jebn`lo blc cbabof td tef `l-
sugbt`dl.
 Kffp mbttfry jebrofc blc wbra.
 ]f-n`gg nufg tblk bt tef flc dn fbje se`nt.

Oflfrbg
Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls
_B]L@LO
@liur`fs blc cbabof aby mf jbusfc my tef usbof dn bgjdedg dr dtefr stbrt`lo
b`cs.
Cd ldt usf bfrdsdg stbrt`lo b`cs, ndr fxbapgf ftefr.
@l tefsf jbsfs tefrf `s b r`sk dn fxpgds`dl blc `liury.
Eòe bam`flt tfapfrbturf, eòe bgt`tucf

Bt `ljrfbs`lo
`ljrfbs`lo bgt`tucf dr bam`flt tf
tfapfrbtur
apfrbturf,
f, tef abxàua
abxàua pdwfr dndn tef fl-
o`lf, tef fxebust qubg`ty, tef tfapfrbturf gfvfg blc, ulcfr fxtrfaf j`rjua-
stbljfs, tef stbrt`lo mfebv`dur brf àpb`rfc.
@l jbsf dn dpfrbt`dl `l tef ndggdw`lo jdlc`t`dls, tef badult dn nufg `lifjtfc aust
mf rfcujfc9
 Bmdvf bl bgt`tucf
bgt`tucf dn 288
2888
8a
 Bmdvf bl bam`flt
bam`flt tfap
tfapfrbturf
frbturf d
dnn :8¸J
LDSF
@l fgfjtrdl`jbggy jdltrdggfc flo`lfs, tef nufg qublt`ty `s bcbptfc butdabt`jbggy.
Eycrbug`j systfa
Sef bjjfgfrbt`dl blc mrbk`lo mfebv`dur dn tef abje`lf brf bnnfjtfc my v`sjdus
eycrbug`j d`g. @l gdw dutcddr tfapfrbturfs, wb`t b nfw a`lutfs bntfr stbrt`lo tef
c`fsfg flo`lf mfndrf pugg`lo bwby. Cur`lo tef wbra`lo-up pebsf dlgy cr`vf tef
abje`lf bt adcfrbtf spffc blc gdw gdbc ult`g tef d`g `l tef eycrbug`j systfa ebs
wbrafc up td bpprdx. + 38¸J.
2.83 Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls

2.83.82 Flv`rdlafltbg p
prrdtfjt`dl
Xbjkbo`lo abtfr`bg, jgfbl`lo boflts blc usfc dr gfnt-dvfr nufgs / gumr`jblts brf
td mf sflt ndr rfjyjg`lo, bs pfr tef rfougbt`dls ndr tef prdtfjt`dl dn tef flv`rdl-
aflt `l tef pgbjf dn usf.
2.83.8= C`spdsbg
Sef prdtfjt`dl dn tef flv`rdlaflt `s bl uroflt tbsk. Jdrrfjt c`spdsbg w`gg bvd`c
lfobt`vf fnnfjts dl abl blc tef flv`rdlaflt blc flbmgf vbgubmgf rbw abtfr`bgs
td mf rfusfc.
Nufgs / gumr`jblts
C`spdsf dn nufgs / gumr`jblts bs pfr tef rfgbtfc spfj`n`jbt`dls blc tef rfgbtfc lb-
t`dlbg rfougbt`dls.
Abtfr`bgs (aftbgs, pgbst`js)

Sd mf bmgf td c`spdsf dn abtfr`bgs jdrrfjtgy, tefy aust mf sdrtfc my typf. Jgfbl
abtfr`bgs dn dtefr bcefr`lo sumstbljfs. C`spdsf dn abtfr`bgs `l bjjdrcbljf w`te
tef rfgbtfc lbt`dlbg rfougbt`dls.
Fgfjtr`js / fgfjtrdl`js
Sef fgfjtr`jbg/fgfjtrdl`j jdapdlflts brf ldt sumifjt td tef _FFF c`rfjt`vf
=88=/0>/FJ blc tef rfgbtfc lbt`dlbg gbws (`l Ofrably f.o. FgfktrdO). Sef fgfj-
tr`jbg/fgfjtrdl`j jdapdlflts aust mf sflt td b spfj`bg`sfc rfjyjg`lo drobl`sb-
t`dl.

Oflfrbg
Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls
2.83.8: Abje`l
`lf
f-spfj`n`j s
sb
bnfty
nfty ``l
lstru
trujt`dl
`dls
Sef abxàua tefdrft`jbg gbtfrbg t`gt dn tef abje`lf aust ldt fxjffc 5¸ (23%)
nrda tef edr`zdltbg pgblf.
CBLOF]
]`sk dn `liury!
Gbtfrbg t`gt vbgufs jbl mf rfcujfc crbst`jbggy, cfpflc`lo dl tef bppg`jbt`dl jdl-
c`t`dls, fspfj`bggy ndr bl ulstbmgf sum-mbsf.
 @l jbsf dn cdumt, bgwbys sfjurf tef abje`lf bob`lst t`pp`lo.
Abxàua gdlo`tuc`lbg t`gt dl tef abje`lf cur`lo a`gg`lo 1 :8¸ (6?%).

@l jbsf dn a`gg`lo wdrk dl stffpfr `ljg`lfs / cfjg`lfs tebl tef bmdvf aflt`dlfc
vbgufs, dr bl ulstbmgf sum-mbsf, tef abje`lf aust mf sfjurfc w`te b su`tbmgy
càfls`dlfc w`lje (tdw trujk).
Fspfj`bggy wefl us`lo tef abje`lf w`te b jdupgfc tblkfr, tef bggdwfc gbtfrbg
blc gdlo`tuc`lbg t`gt cfpflcs dl tef jdlc`t`dls dn tef jdlstrujt`dl s`tf. Flsurf
tebt ulsbnf dpfrbt`lo jdlc`t`dls cd ldt br`sf.
Dl trbvfgg`lo / trblsnfrr`lo / trblspdrt`lo tef abje`lf, bttflt`dl `s td mf pb`c td
sunn`j`flt pflcugua strdkf.
Dl trbvfgg`lo / trblsnfrr`lo / trblspdrt`lo tef abje`lf, `t aust mf edr`zdltbg `l tef
gbtfrbg c`rfjt`dl blc rb`sfc td tef eòefst pd`lt.
_B]L@LO
]`sk dn gds`lo jdltrdg
Sef abje`lf dpfrbtdr jbl gddsf jdltrdg dn tef abje`lf.
 Ztbrt blc dpfrbtf tef abje`lf dlgy nrda tef cr`vfr / dpfrbtdr pds`t`dl.
_B]L@LO
_drk`lo w`te edt m`tuafl, m`tuafl faugs`dl, m`lcfr, gàf, jfaflt blc sdg-
vflts9
Sef bmdvf aflt`dlfc m`lcfrs jbl mf b efbgte ebzbrc blc jbl jbusf g`nf-terfbt-
fl`lo `gglfss.
 Bvd`c jdltbjt w`te
w`te tef sk`l - wf
wfbr
br prdtfjt`vf jgdte`lo (ebrc
(ebrc efgaft
efgaft w`te lfjk
prdtfjtdr, sbnfty sedfs, efbt rfs`stblt ogdvfs, ftj.).
 Srdusfr gfos brf td mf wdrl dvfr tef sedfs; ibjkft bras brf td wdrl dvfr tef
ogdvf sgffvfs.
 Bvd`c jdltbjt w`te
w`te tef fyfs - wf
wfbr
br b nbjf v`sdr.
v`sdr.
 Cd ldt `lebgf nuafs - wfbr b cust prdtfjt`dl absk.
 Bjjuaugbt`dl dn faugs`dl puccgfs, f
ftj.
tj. aust mf rfadvfc
rfadvfc àafc`btfgy
àafc`btfgy - r`sk
dn sg`pp`lo.
 Zdgvflts aust mf bppg`fc `l suje b wby tebt tefy jblldt pflftrbtf `ltd tef
sd`g.
 Bly prfssurf
prfssurf `s td mf rfgf
rfgfbsfc
bsfc mfnd
mfndrf
rf c`sjdllfjt`lo
c`sjdllfjt`lo tef rbp`c-bjt`dl
rbp`c-bjt`dl jdllfj-
jdllfj-
tdrs.
 @n tef abje`lf `s ldt fqu`ppfc w`te b jbm`l, tef dpfrbtdr aust wfbr b cust
prdtfjt`dl absk ulcfr custy dpfrbt`dlbg jdlc`t`dls.
 Jbut`dl w`te edt systfa pbrts - r`sk dn murl`lo.
=8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg
Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls
N`rst b`c - afbsurfs ndr9

Zjbgc`lo w`te edt m`tuafl
 @aafc`btfgy nguse tef fyfs ndr bt gfbst 26 a`lutfs w`te sunn`j`flt jdgc wbtfr.
@aafc`btfgy
Lfvfr rum tef fyfs cry.
 @aafc`btfgy
@aafc`btfgy nguse tef sk`l w`te pgflty dn jdgc wbtfr ndr bt gfbst 28 a`lutfs.
 Cd ldt rfadvf tef m`tuafl nrda sk`l bntfr `t ebs jddgfc, s`ljf `t ndras b stfr-
`gf jdvfr`lo dvfr tef wdulc. Sef m`tuafl ldrabggy jdafs dnn my `tsfgn bntfr b
nfw cbys.
Jdltbjt w`te m`tuafl faugs`dl
@aafc`btfgy
 @aafc`btfgy
@aafc`btfgy nguse tef sk`l w`te sunn`j`flt jdgc wbtfr blc sdbp.
 ]fadvf bly sbturbtfc jgdte`lo.
Jdltbjt w`te jfaflt / gàf / suspfls`dl

 @n `lebgfc, flsurf sunn`j`flt nrfse b`r.
@aafc`btfgy
 @aafc`btfgy
@aafc`btfgy nguse tef sk`l w`te sunn`j`flt jdgc wbtfr blc sdbp.
 ]fadvf bly sbturbtfc jgdte`lo.
 @n swbggdwfc, àafc`btfgy nguse dut tef adute w`te sunn`j`flt jdgc wbtfr (dlgy
wefl jdlsj`dus) blc tefl o`vf sunn`j`flt jdgc wbtfr td cr`lk.
 Cd ldt `lcujf vda`t`lo.
 @n lfjfssbry, bl dptebga`j spfj`bg`st dr dtefr afc`jbg spfj`bg`st dr
bedsp`tbg aust mf jdlsugtfc àafc`btfgy.
@lspfjt`dls
LDSF
Ndr n`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk dr ndr tdpp`lo up nufgs / gumr`jblts, usf sfjurf gbccfrs.
Cd ldt jgàm dltd tef abje`lf dr usf pbrts dn tef abje`lf bs jgàm`lo b`cs.
]`sk dn nbgg`lo!
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =2 / :?8

Oflfrbg
Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls
Zbnfty suppdrts
LDSF
Cur`lo wdrk `ls`cf dr ulcfr tef abje`lf, tef sbnfty suppdrts aust mf n`ttfc td bgg
g`nt`lo jdguals, blc tef jebss`s suppdrtfc dl tefa.
N`rf fxt`lou`sefrs
LDSF
Dmsfrvf lbt`dlbg blc / dr gdjbg rfougbt`dls blc rftrdn`t b n`rf fxt`lou`sefr, `n rf-
qu`rfc.
Sef prdv`cfc adult`lo pds`t`dl wbs spfj`n`fc my _@]SOFL.
== / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg
Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls
]DXZ-NDXZ jbm`l
_B]L@LO
^`subg jefjk
Sef nrbaf dn tef jbm`l `s jdlnòurfc bs b ]DXZ (rdgg-dvfr prdtfjt`vf strujturf).
Sef rddn dn tef jbm`l `s jdlnòurfc bs b NDXZ (nbgg`lo dmifjts prdtfjt`vf struj-
turf).
]fnfr td tef sfpbrbtf lbafpgbtf `l tef jbm`l td n`lc tef stblcbrcs tebt ebvf
mffl jdapg`fc w`te.
Bgg sjrfw jdllfjt`dls
jdllfjt`dls aust mf
mf `l bjjdrcbljf
bjjdrcbljf w`te tef prfsjr`mfc
prfsjr`mfc spfj`n`jbt`dls
blc mf n`ragy sjrfwfc dl.
Sef suppdrt`lo fgfaflts dn tef jbm`l nrbaf blc tef rddn brf ldt bggdwfc td ebvf
bly rust, cbabof, eb`rg`lf jrbjks dr mrfbkbof pd`lts; lf`tefr brf tefy bggdwfc td
mf wbrpfc dr mflt.
Bly jeblof td tef suppdrt`lo
suppdrt`lo fgfa
fgfaflts
flts (f.o. cr`gg`lo,
cr`gg`lo, wfgc`lo,
wfgc`lo, ftj.) `s prde`m`tfc,
prde`m`tfc,
bs brf rfpb`rs / strbòetfl`lo.
AB]O@L
Sef sbnfty mfgt aust mf wdrl (dlgy w`te ]DXZ jbm`l dr ]DXZ rdgg-dvfr mbr)
Cblofr cuf td mf`lo ngulo dut `n tef abje`lf t`ps dvfr, jbl gfbc td sfr`dus dr
fvfl nbtbg `liur`fs.
_fbr tef sbnfty mfgt.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =: / :?8

Oflfrbg
Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls
2.83.83 Cblofr zdlfs
Cur`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl blc cur`lo trblspdrt, tefrf aust ldt mf bly pfdpgf `l
tef abje`lf's cblofr zdlf.
Fltry td tef cblofr zdlf `s dlgy bggdwfc ndr ab`ltflbljf blc jgfbl`lo wdrk9
 _`te tef abje`lf stbt`dlbry blc sfjurfc
 Ndr butedr`sfc pfrsdllfg

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
2.86 Ld`sf / v`mrbt`dl

2.86.82 Ld`sf / v`mrbt`dl cbtb
Ld`sf cbtb `l bjjdrcbljf w`te 05/:?/FJ blc =88>/>=/FJ
Sef afbsurfaflt wbs abcf `l bjjdrcbljf w`te FL 688-: bt b c`fsfg flo`lf
dpfrbt`lo spffc dn
2568 r.p.a.
pfrndrafc.
Sef abje`lf fa`ts b ld`sf gfvfg dn

GwB 1 228 cM(B)
Bt tef dpfrbtdr

dpfrbtdr pds`t`d
pds`t`dl
l b sdulc p
prfssurf
rfssurf gfvfg
gfvfg dn
GpB 1 ?> cM(B)
`s fa`ttfc.
^`mrbt`dl spfj`n`jbt`dls bjjdrc`lo td 02/:>5/FFJ9

Eblc / bra v`mrbt`dl.
@l jbsf dn jdrrfjt usf, tef wfòetfc fnnfjt`vf vbgufs ndr tef bjjfgfrbt`dl `l rfgb-
t`dl td eblc / bra dsj`ggbt`dls dn
bew 1 =.6 a/s=
brf ldt fxjffcfc.
Sdtbg mdcy dsj`ggbt`dls

@l jbsf dn jdrrfjt usf, tef wfòetfc fnnfjt`vf vbgufs ndr tef bjjfgfrbt`dl `l rfgb-
t`dl td tdtbg mdcy dsj`ggbt`dls dn
bw 1 8.6 a/s=
brf ldt fxjffcfc.
2.8> Gbmfgg`lo
2.8>.82 Jdgdurs
Zòls / st`jkfrs
Jdgdur Cfsòlbt`dl @lstrujt`dls - `lndrabt`dl

Xrde`m`t`dl Cblofrdus mf
mfebv`dur
Cblofr Ztdp, fvbjubt`dl
_brl`lo Bttflt`dl, jbut`dl, jefjk
Efgp,
Efgp, rrfsj
fsjuf
uf Cddrs,
Cddrs, fx`t
fx`ts,
s, rdutf
rdutfs,
s, stbt`
stbt`dls
dls,, jdapb
jdapbrta
rtafl
flts
ts
Zbnfty ]fturl td tef ldrabg stbtf
@lst
@lstru
rujt
jt`d
`dl
l Zp
Zpfj
fj`n
`n`j
`j mf
mfeb
ebv`
v`du
durr d
drr b
bjt
jt`v
`v`t
`ty.
y. (f
(f.o
.o.. d
dmg
mgò
òbt
bt`d
`dl
l ttd
d
wfbr pfrsdlbg prdtfjt`vf fqu`paflt)

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
X`gdt gòets / gòet fa`tt`lo c`dcfs (GFC) / stbtus mbr dn tef dl-mdbrc
jdaputfr
Jdgdur Cfsòlbt`dl Fxpgblbt`dl @lstrujt`dls / `lndrab-

t`dl ndr tef dpfrbtdr
Fafrofljy Jr`t`jbg stbtf @aafc`btf bjt`dl lfjfs-
sbry td rfbjt td tef cbl-
ofrdus stbtf (f.o. prfss
FAF]OFLJP ZSDX)
Bmldrabg Bmldrab
Bmldrabgg stbtf; Adl`tdr dr tbkf bjt`dl td
jr`t`jbg stbtf àa`- supprfss tef bmldrabg
lflt stbtf (f.o. rfstbrt bl `ltfr-
ruptfc butdabt`j prdjfss)
Ldrabg Ldrabg stbtf ]fbcy ndr dpfrbt`dl dr
nuljt`dl bjt`vf
@apfrbt`vf Ztbtf tte

ebt rrf
fqu`rfs ]fsft nuljt`dl (f.o. jdl-
bjt`dl my tef dpfr- n`ra)
btdr
Lfutrbg Dtefr stbtf Adl`tdr`lo dr oflfrbg nulj-
t`dls (f.o. a`gg`lo crua
ZSB]S/DL, wbtfr puap
ZSB]S/DL ftj.) dr dpfrbt-
`lo stbtf dn b jdapdlflt
(f.o. a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`lo,
mfgt jdlvfydr adtdr rdtbt-
`lo ftj.)
2.8>.8= Zòls / st`jkfrs LDSF
]fnfr td tef sbnfty ablubg ndr tef cfsjr`pt`dl dn sbnfty-rfgfvblt

sbnfty-rfgfvblt st`jkfrs.
AB]O@L
OZ abrk
_@]SOFL abje`lfs brf sumifjt td b typf fxba`lbt`dl my b ldt`n`fc mdcy blc
ebvf tef OZ abrk.
AB]O@L
Bpprdvbg jfrt`n`jbtf
_@]SOFL abje`lfs brf sumifjt td bl `lspfjt`dl my bl fxpfrt `l bjjdrcbljf
w`te FV c`rfjt`vfs blc ebvf bl bpprdvbg st`jkfr.
AB]O@L
Xbtflt `lndrabt`dl
=> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
AB]O@L
@lndrabt`dl mdx
Ndr `lndrabt`dl gfbngfts.
(gdjbtfc `l tef jbm ulcfr tef fafrofljy sfbt)
AB]O@L
Srblspdrtbt`dl @lstrujt`dls
@lndrabt`dl dl stdrbof gdjbt`dl ndr tef rfgbtfc trblspdrtbt`dl `lstrujt`dls.
AB]O@L
Kfy ndm
Dl pbrk`lo tef abje`lf tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy `s td mf sw`tjefc dnn blc tef
kfy rfadvfc.
AB]O@L
C`fsfg nufg tblk

Vsf c`fsfg w`te b sugpeur jdltflt dn gfss tebl 8.6%.
Xby bttflt`dl td stblcbrcs.
AB]O@L
Mgffc`lo tef c`fsfg g`lf

@t `s fssflt`bg td jdapgy w`te tef cfsjr`pt`dl `l tef `lstrujt`dl ablubg
AB]O@L
N`gg `l wbtfr
AB]O@L
Crb`l wbtfr
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =? / :?8

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
AB]O@L
C`fsfg flo`lf d`g
AB]O@L
Eycrbug`j d`g tblk
AB]O@L
C`boldsf sdjkft
AB]O@L
Ztdrbof gdjbt`dl ndr tfjel`jbg cdjuafltbt`dl blc tddgs
AB]O@L
Fafrofljy fx`t
AB]O@L
_fgc`lo wdrk
Xr`dr td wfgc`lo wdrk, c`sjdllfjt fgfjtr`jbg cfv`jfs suje bs mbttfry, bgtfrlbtdr,
sflsdrs, jdltrdggfrs, ftj. - cblofr dn `rrfpbrbmgf cbabof!
2=:68 Bttbje fbrte jgbap bs jgdsf bs pdss`mgf td tef wfgc`lo pd`lt.

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
AB]O@L
A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl spffc

Brrblofaflt dn tef c
Brrblofaflt cr`vf
r`vf mfgt pu
puggfys
ggfys ndr tef jdrrfspdlc
jdrrfspdlc`lo
`lo a`gg`lo crua
crua rdtbt`dl
rdtbt`dl
spffc.
AB]O@L
Gumr`jbt`dl `lstrujt`dls
Dlgy usf st`pugbtfc gumr`jblt.
AB]O@L
@lstrujt`dls dl g`nt`lo pd`lts.
AB]O@L
@lstrujt`dls dl gbse`lo pd`lt.
AB]O@L
"ld"
ld" gbse`lo pd`lt.
AB]O@L
B`r jdlc`t`dlfr / w`lcdw
Bs gdlo bs tef

tef b`r jdlc`t`d
jdlc`t`dlfr
lfr `s `l dp
dpfrbt`dl,
frbt`dl, gfbvf
gfbvf tef jbm`l w`lcdw jgdsfc.
jgdsfc.
AB]O@L
Nrdlt gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts
AB]O@L
]fbr gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
AB]O@L
"Augt`-nuljt`dl" idyst`jk - sedrt `lstrujt`dl

(trblspbrflt bcefs`vf nd`g dl tef s`cf w`lcdw)
AB]O@L
"Efòet bciustaflt" idyst`jk - sedrt `lstrujt`dl

(trblspbrflt bcefs`vf nd`g dl tef w`lcsjrffl)
2.8>.8: Lbafpgbtf ((a

abje`lf)
:8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
[bQ Lbaf blc bccrfss dn tef abl- [mQ Cfsjr`pt`dl bjjdrc`lo td tef
unbjturfr Abje`lfry C`rfjt`vf
[jQ Zt`pugbtfc abrk`los (ndr FV [cQ Zfr`fs blc typf cfsòlbt`dls
jdultr`fs tef JF abrk)
[fQ Pfbr dn jdlstrujt`dl [nQ Zfr`bg luamfr
[oQ Dpfrbt`lo wfòet `l ko [eQ Flo`lf rbtfc dutput `l k_
[`Q Bggdwfc bxgf gdbc
gdbc `l ko (nd
(ndr
r [kQ Jurm wfòet `l ko
weffgfc abje`lfs dlgy)
LDSF
Sef flt`rf abrk`lo rfprfsflts bl dnn`j`bg cdjuaflt blc aust ldt mf bgtfrfc dr
fnnbjfc.
Bcc`t`dlbg fxpgblbt`dls dn tef lbafpgbtf9

(f) Pfbr dn jdlstrujt`dl
Sef yfbr dn jdlstrujt`dl `s tef yfbr cur`lo we`je tef ablunbjtur`lo prdjfss wbs
jdljgucfc.
@t `s ldt bggdwfc td prf-cbtf dr pdst-cbtf tef yfbr dn jdlstrujt`dl dn tef abje`lf
wefl bppgy`lo tef JF abrk`lo.
(o) Dpfrbt`lo wfòet

Sef wfòet dn tef mbs`j abje`lf w`te bgg stblcbrc n`tt`los, w`te dr w`tedut cr`vfr
jbm`l, w`te b cr`vfr (?6 ko) blc ebgn-n`ggfc nufg tblk blc bgg ngu`c systfas, `n bppg`j-
bmgf, w`te ebgn-n`ggfc wbtfr sprby tblk.
Bcc`t`dlbggy
Bcc`t`dlbggy ndr jrbwgfr abje`lfs (f.o.
(f.o. spfj`n`jbt`dl nrda - td)9
Sef dpfrbt`lo wfòet w`te bgg jdapdlflts we`je brf rfqu`rfc ndr tef `lstbggbt`dl
dn tef fqu`paflt dl tef mbs`j abje`lf (f.o. mbggbst wfòet blc bgg pdss`mgf bj-
jfssdr`fs) blc b nugg wbtfr sprby tblk.
(e) Flo`lf rbtfc dutput

C`fsfg flo`lf rbtfc dutput `l k_ bjjdrc`lo td @ZD 23:0>.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :2 / :?8

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
(`) - Bggdwfc nrdlt / rfbr bxgf gdbc

Sef bxgf gdbc `s tef abxàua bxgf gdbc stbtfc my tef ablunbjturfr `ljg. bgg bc-
c`t`dlbg nfbturfs, tblks n`ggfc td tef abxàua blc b suppgfaflt dn ?6 ko ndr tef
dpfrbtdr.
(Dmgòbt`dl ndr weffg abje`lfs)
(k) Jurm wfòet

Sef jurm wfòet dn tef abje`lf w`te mbs`j fqu`paflt, w`te n`ggfc d`g tblks, w`te-
dut tddgs, w`te fapty tblks blc w`tedut tef wfòet dn tef jd-cr`vfr.
2.8>.83 Lbafpgbtf ((]

]DXZ/NDXZ)
:= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg
Gbmfgg`lo
[bQ Lbaf blc bccrfss dn tef ablunbj- [mQ Ztblcbrcs jdapg`fc w`te
turfr
[jQ Abtfr`bg luamfr / pbrt luamfr [cQ Pfbr dn jdlstrujt`dl
[fQ Abje`lf sfr`fs blc typf [nQ Abje`lf sfr`bg luamfr
[oQ Sfst wfòet `l ko
LDSF
Sef flt`rf abrk`lo rfprfsflts bl dnn`j`bg cdjuaflt blc aust ldt mf bgtfrfc dr
fnnbjfc.
2.8>.86 Abje`lf `cflt`n`jbt`dl
Bgg _@]SOFL abje`lfs

abje`lfs brf `cflt`n`fc m
my
y tef sfr`bg luamfr.
luamfr. Sef
Sef sfr`bg luamfr
luamfr `s
dl tef lbafpgbtf blc tef jebss`s dn ydur abje`lf.
Fxbapgf9
8? _] 8883 1
8883 1 Zfr`bg luamfr
8? _]1
_]1 Zfr`fs jdcf ndr tef _] =38
8883 1
8883 1 Zfquflt`bg abje`lf luamfr
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :: / :?8

:3 / :?8

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
= CFZJ]@XS@DL
=.88 Oflfrbg
=.88.82 Dvfrv`fw d
dnn j
jd
dltrdg p
pb
blfgs
[2Q Gòet`lo jdltrdg pblfg [=Q C`fsfg flo`lf c`bolds`s jdltrdg pblfg
[:Q Ndba-m`tuafl sbapgf jdltrdg pblfg [3Q Eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr jdltrdg pblfg

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
[2Q Dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`spgby (jbafrbs) [=Q Jdltrdg pblfg (c`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg)
[:Q Dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`spgby (wdrk) [3Q Jdltrdg pblfg (w`lcdw w`pfr / b`r jdlc`t`dlfr /
efbtfr)
[6Q Jdltrdg pblfg (w`lcdw w`pfr / efbtfr) [>Q Jdltrdg pblfg (cr`v`lo abje`lf)
[?Q Jdltrdg pblfg (a`gg`lo crua) [5Q Jdltrdg pblfg (efòet bciustaflt)
[0Q Jdltrdg pblfg (cds`lo)
[2Q Jdltrdg pblfg (tddg fxjeblof / dpfl a`gg`lo crua [=Q FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tje
sjrbpfr)
[:Q Jdltrdg pblfg (a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf) [3Q Jdltrdg pblfg (jgfbl`lo sprby`lo ldzzgfs)
:> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
=.88.8= Cfsjr`pt`dl dn nuljt`dl
Bgg m`lcfr puaps brf cr`vfl eycr

eycrbug`jbggy.
bug`jbggy. Se`s
Se`s bggdws tef nffc
nffc qublt`ty td mf
mf bc-
iustfc jdlt`ludusgy.
jdlt`ludusgy. Nff
Nffc
c qublt`t`fs brf jbpturfc
jbpturfc fgfjtrdl`jbggy.
fgfjtrdl`jbggy.
Nffc qublt`ty jdltrdg jdapr`sfs b jdaputfr we`je jdltrdgs tef vbr`dus dpfr-
bt`dlbg adcfs blc jdlt`ludusgy jbgjugbtfs tef rfgbt`vf ngdw-terduoe qublt`ty,
mbsfc dl bcvbljf spffc blc `lput cbtb g`kf w`cte, cfpte blc cfls`ty. @t bggdws
butdabt`j bcbptbt`dl dn tef nffc vdguaf bjjdrc`lo td bcvbljf spffc.
Bvb`gbmgf sprby`lo ul`ts

_btfr dr faugs`dl / wbtfr blc faugs`dl / ndba m`tuafl / wbtfr (2588 g
puap) / suspfls`dl
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :? / :?8

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
Zjefabt`j rfprfsfltbt`dl (wbtfr dr faugs`dl)
LDSF
Sef suppgy (wbtfr dr faugs`dl) jdafs nrda tblk trujks blc v`b tef wbtfr sprby-
`lo mfba pds`t`dl M

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
Zjefabt`j rfprfsfltbt`dl (wbtfr + faugs`dl)
LDSF
Sef suppgy (wbtfr) jdafs nrda tblk trujks blc v`b tef wbtfr sprby`lo mfba pd-
s`t`dl M
Sef suppgy (faugs`dl) jdafs nrda tblk trujks blc v`b tef faugs`dl sprby`lo
mfba pds`t`dl B

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
Zjefabt`j rfprfsfltbt`dl (ndba m`tuafl + wbtfr)
LDSF
s`t`dl M
Sef suppgy (m`tuafl) jdafs nrda tblk trujks blc v`b tef m`tuafl sprby`lo
mfba pds`t`dl B

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
Zjefabt`j rfprfsfltbt`dl (wbtfr 2588 g`trfs)
LDSF
s`t`dl M

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
Zjefabt`j rfprfsfltbt`dl (suspfls`dl)
LDSF
Sef suppgy (suspfls`dl) jdafs nrda bl fxtfrlbg prfpbrbt`dl pgblt (f.o. _A

2888) bc v`b tef suspfls`dl sprby`lo mfba pds`t`dl M.
3= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
AB]O@L
• B prfj`sf prf-sftt`lo
prf-sftt`lo dn c
cfpte,
fpte, w`cte b
blc
lc cfls`ty `s b prfrfqu`s`tf
prfrfqu`s`tf ndr bl fxbjt
fxbjt
jbgjugbt`dl.
AB]O@L
• B 1 Butdabt`j adcf (a`gg`lo cfpte) -

cfpte) - Sef a`gg`lo cfpte `s afbsurfc jdl-
t`ludusgy blc tef sprby vdguaf `s butdabt`jbggy bcbptfc ndr tef jbgjugbtfc
a`gg`lo cfpte.
• A 1 Ablubg adcf (a`gg`lo cfpte) -
cfpte) - Sef sprby vdguaf `s bcbptfc td tef rfgf-
vblt a`gg`lo cfpte sftt`lo

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Oflfrbg
AB]O@L
• B 1 Butdabt`j adcf (sprby`lo w`cte) -

w`cte) - Sef sprby vdguaf `s butdabt`jbggy
bcbptfc td tef luamfr dn dpflfc sprby`lo ldzzgfs
• A 1 Ablubg adcf (sprby`lo w`cte) -
w`cte) - Sef sprby vdguaf `s bcbptfc td tef
rfgfvblt a`gg`lo w`cte sftt`lo
AB]O@L
• A`gg`lo cfpte, sftt`lo dn tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs, trbvfgg`lo spffc (spffc)
blc bccfc m`lcfr vdguafs (cfpflc`lo dl tef fqu`paflt dn tef abje`lf, f.o.
wbtfr, m`tuafl, m`tuafl wbtfr, faugs`dl dr suspfls`dl) brf c`spgbyfc pfr-
ablfltgy.
33 / :?8 MBG 8?_] ==330?2 ^8= fl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Jebss`s / sbnfty cfv`jfs
=.82 Jebss`s / sbnfty cfv`jfs

=.82.82 Jebss`s jdltrdgs
[2Q Ndba-m`tuafl sbapgf DL / DNN [=Q Brfb gòet`lo

gòet`lo DL / DNN
[:Q Jgfbl sprby`lo mfba DL / DNN [3Q Eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr DL / DNN
=.82.8= Gòet`lo / wbrl`lo cfv`jf
[2Q Ngddcgòet [=Q A`rrdrs

[:Q Xbtrdg gòet [3Q Ngddcgòets (adm`gf)
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBG 8?_] ==330?2 ^8= fl 36 / :?8

Cfsjr`pt`dl
=.8
=.82.
2.8:
8: Jd
Jdvf
vfrr p
pbl
blfg
fg / s
std
tdrrbo
bof
fmmdx
dxfs
fs / a
ab
b`l
`ltf
tfl
lbl
bljf
jf ng
ngbp
bps
s
[2Q Jdvfr pblfgs [=Q Ztdrbof jdapbrtaflt

[:Q Ab`ltflbljf ngbp [3Q Ab`ltflbljf ngbp
[6Q Ztdrbof jdapbrtaflt [>Q Ztdrbof jdapbrtaflt
Cfsjr`pt`dl
=.82.83 N`rf fxt`lou`sefrs
[2Q N`rf fxt`lou`sefr pds`t`dl

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8= Dpfrbtdr's stblc

=.8=.82 Jbm`l jdltrdg pblfgs
C`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg pblfg
[2Q C`fsfg flo`lf spffc jdltrdg [=Q GFC prfogdw c`fsfg flo`lf
[:Q GFC c`fsfg flo`lf rfbcy ndr stbrt [3Q C`fsfg flo`lf ZSDX
[6Q C`fsfg flo`lf ZSB]S [>Q Fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy DNN / DL / tddg fx-
jeblof DL
[?Q C`bolds`s (abje`lf jdltrdg @ + @@) [5Q Oflfrbg nbugt afssbof
[0Q Zprby`lo ul`t DNN / DL [28Q DNN / gòet`lo stbof @ DL / gòet`lo stbof @@ DL
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
_`pfr / efbtfr jdltrdg pblfg
[2Q Nrdlt w`lcdw w`pfr / nrdlt w`lcdw wbsefr [=Q Z`cf w`lcdw w`pfr / s`cf w`lcdw wbsefr
[:Q ]fbr w`lcdw w`pfr / rfbr w`lcdw wbsefr [3Q Xbtrdg gòet
[6Q Nbl A@L / ABU [>Q Sfapfrbturf A@L / ABU
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
_`pfr / b`r jdlc`t`dlfr jdltrdg pblfg
[2Q Nrdlt w`lcdw w`pfr / nrdlt w`lcdw wbsefr [=Q Z`cf w`lcdw w`pfr / s`cf w`lcdw wbsefr
[:Q ]fbr w`lcdw w`pfr / rfbr w`lcdw wbsefr [3Q Xbtrdg gòet
[6Q Bjt`vbt`dl dn ablubg
ablubg dpfrbt`dlbg
dpfrbt`dlbg a
adcf
dcf sfgfj- [>Q @ljrfbsf lda`lbg tfapfrbturf; `ljrfbsf mgdwfr
t`dl; jeblofdvfr mftwffl efbt`lo blc b`r-jdl- spffc
c`t`dl`lo dpfrbt`dlbg adcfs; `l cfeua`c`n`jbt`dl
adcf9 b`r-jdlc`t`dlfr nuljt`dl DNN / DL
[?Q Ablubg b`r-jdlc`t`dl`lo adcf bjt`vf [5Q Cfv`jf DNN / DL
[0Q ]fcujf lda`lbg tfapfrbturf; rfcujf mgdwfr [28Q Butdabt`j mgdwfr
mgdwfr jdltrdg
jdltrdg bjt`vf
spffc
[22Q Mbr c`spgby ndr mgdwfr spffc w`te ablubg mgdwfr [2=Q Ablubg mgdwfr jdltrdg bjt`vf
jdltrdg
[2:Q Zfrv`jf adcf [23Q tefrf `s bt gfbst dlf jdln`rafc frrdr
[26Q ablubg efbt`lo adcf bjt`vf [2>Q 3-cò`t sfvfl-sfoaflt c`spgby ndr lda`lbg tfa-
pfrbturf, frrdrs, ftj.
[2?Q Zw`tje mftwffl ablubg blc butdabt`j mgdwfr [25Q ld nuljt`dl
dpfrbt`dl; bjt`vbtf ablubg mgdwfr bciustaflt
[20Q Cfeua`c`ny dpfrbt`dl bjt`vf [=8Q Cfeua`c`ny dpfrbt`dl DNN / DL
[=2Q Bjt`vbt`dl dn nuggy
nuggy butdabt`j dpfrbt`dl
dpfrbt`dl ((butdabt`j
butdabt`j
dpfrbt`dlbg adcf sfgfjt`dl bs wfgg bs butdabt`j
mgdwfr jdltrdg)
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8=.8= Dpfrbtdr's s
sf
fbt rrò
òe
et j
jd
dltrd
trdg p
pb
blfgs
[2Q Nrdlt stffr`lo [=Q JDD]C@LBSF stffr`lo

[:Q J]BM stffr`lo [3Q Abxàua trbvfgg`lo spffc
[6Q Gdw trbvfgg`lo spffc [>Q Abxàua wdrk`lo spffc
[?Q Gdw wdrk`lo spffc [5Q Xbrk`lo mrbkf
[0Q Advf jbm`l [28Q C`nnfrflt`bg gdjk
[22Q Augt`-nuljt`dl
Augt`-nuljt`dl idyst`jk [2=Q _brl`lo edrl
[2:Q A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl spffc sfgfjtdr sw`tje
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
[2Q g`nt jdapgftf / gdwfr jdapgftf / rdgg ròet / rdgg gfnt [=Q Zpffc gà`tfr DL / DNN
[:Q Zw`tje dvfr jbafrb c`spgby (cfpflc`lo dl dp- [3Q Zw`tje trbvfgg`lo ofbrs jdlt`ludusgy
t`dl)
[6Q Srbvfgg`lo ]FGFBZF (2) / trbvfgg`lo ND]- [>Q Ztffr`lo rfbr gfnt / ròet
_B]CZ / ]F^F]ZF (=)
[?Q G`nt / gdwfr a`gg`lo crua [5Q Ztffr`lo adcfs9 DNN (nrdlt dlgy) / JDD]C@-
LBSF / J]BM / strbòet (rfbr dlgy)
[0Q Bjt`vbtf butdabt`j
butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut
stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut nul
nuljt`dl
jt`dl [28Q Orffl GFC (butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut nulj-
(2) / butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-
stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut
dut nuljt`dl (=) t`dl)
[22Q "Augt`-nuljt`dl
"Augt`-nuljt`dl idyst`jk" st`jkfr (s`cf w`lcdw)
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8=.8: Dpfrbtdr's sfbt gfnt jdltrdg pblfgs
[2Q Efòet bciustaflt idyst`jk [=Q Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr G@NS
[:Q Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr GD_F] [3Q ]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr G@NS
[6Q ]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr GD_F] [>Q ]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr (ngdbt`lo pds`t`dl)
[?Q Gfnt sgdpf rfougbt`dl [5Q ]òet sgdpf rfougbt`dl
[0Q Nbvdur`tf @ [28Q Nbvdur`tf @@ (spbrf)
[22Q Zprby`lo ldzzgfs 2/2 DXFL / 2/= DXFL [2=Q M`tuafl efbtfr
[2:Q C`spgby ndr rdtbry muttdl [23Q ]dtbry muttdl EDAF / FZJ
[26Q Xuaps ablubg dpfrbt`dlbg adcf [2>Q Xuaps butdabt`j dpfrbt`dlbg adcf
[2?Q Cds`lo ul`ts @, @@, @@ dr @-@@@ [25Q Zprby`lo ldzzgfs syamdg ablubg dpfrbt`dlbg
adcf
[20Q Zprby`lo ldzzgfs ablubg / butdabt`j / dnn [=8Q Zprby`lo ldzzgfs syamdg butdabt`j dpfrbt`dlbg
adcf
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
[2Q Muttdl (bcc`t`dlbg nuljt`dl G@NS) [=Q Muttdl (bcc`t`dlbg nuljt`dl GD_F])
[:Q mdte muttdls ldt prfssfc (sff ld. 3) [3Q G@NS jdapgftf abje`lf / ]DGG ròet dr gfnt s`cf
bmdut tef gdlo`tuc`lbg jfltrbg bx`s / GD_F]
jdapgftfgy
[6Q Nrdlt muttdl prfssfc (sff ld. >) [>Q G@NS abje`lf nrdlt / G@NS ròet dr gfnt s`cf / G@NS
rfbr
[?Q ]fbr muttdl prfssfc (sff ld. 5) [5Q GD_F] abje`lf nrdlt / GD_F] ròet dr gfnt
s`cf / GD_F] rfbr
[0Q "Efòet bciustaflt idyst`jk" st`jkfr (nrdlt w`l-
cdw)
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8=.83 Dl-mdbrc j
jd
daputfr c
c``spgby
[2Q C`bg/pusemuttdl [=Q C`spgby

[:Q C`boldst`js qu`jk bjjfss [3Q Jbafrb c`spgby (jbafrbs 2 td 3)
[6Q Nbvdur`tfs muttdl [>Q Nuljt`dl kfys
[?Q Gòet `ltfls`ty sflsdr [5Q Jdln`ra / c`spgby dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs
[0Q Oflfrbg nbugt [28Q EDAF kfy (rfturl td stbrt sjrffl)
[22Q FZJ kfy (rfturl td prfv`dus sjrffl)
=.8=.86 Dl-mdbrc j
jd
daputfr s
sy
yamdgs
Ztbtus syamdgs
Cfpflc`lo dl tef sfgfjtfc nuljt`dl dr dpfrbt`lo stbtf, vbr`dus syamdgs brf sedwl dl tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`s-
pgby.
]FC Abgnuljt`dl
D]BL
D]BLOF
OF Nu
Nulj
ljt`
t`dl
dl bj
bjt`
t`vf
vf
O]FFL Nuljt`dl DK
DK
O]FP Nuljt`dl `lbjt`vf
Zyamdg Cfsjr`pt`dl Zyamdg Cfsjr`pt`dl
Jdaprfssfc b`r `lbjt`vf (orfy) Jdaprfssfc b`r bjt`vf (drblof)

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Butdabt`j `lbjt`vf
`lbjt`vf (orfy) Butdabt`j bjt`vf
bjt`vf (drblof)
(drblof)
Zpffc jdltrdg `lbjt`vf (orfy) Zpffc jdltrdg bjt`vf (drblof)
Gdw wdrk`lo spffc (drblof) Abxàua wdrk`lo spffc (drblof)
Gdw trbvfgg`lo spffc (drblof) Abxàua trbvfgg`lo spffc (drblof)
Efbtfr `lbjt`vf (orfy) Efbtfr bjt`vf (drblof)
Ablubg `lbjt`vf (orfy) Ablubg bjt`vf (drblof)
Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg `lbjt`vf (orfy) Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg bjt`vf (drblof)
A`gg`lo adcf `lbjt`vf (orfy) A`gg`lo adcf bjt`vf (drblof)
Butdabt`j / ablubg
ablubg `lbjt`vf (orfy)
Bcbpt`vf spffc
spffc jdltrdg
jdltrdg `lbjt`vf (orfy)
(orfy) Bcbpt`vf spffc
spffc jdltrdg
jdltrdg bjt`vf (drblof)
(drblof)
Srbjt`dl jdltrdg systfa `lbjt`vf (orfy) Srbjt`dl jdltrdg systfa bjt`vf (drblof)
Cr`vf adcf `lbjt`vf (orfy) Cr`vf adcf bjt`vf (orfy)

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Z`cf pgbtf ‚ "Nbst trbvfgg`lo" adcf `lbjt`vf Z`cf pgbtf ‚ "Nbst trbvfgg`lo" adcf bjt`vf
(orfy) (drblof)
Ztbtus mbr syamdgs
Brarfst dpflfc
dpflfc A`gg`lo crua
crua ofbrmdx
ofbrmdx tfapfrbturf
tfapfrbturf tdd eòe
eòe
Ab`ltflbljf FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tje prfssfc
Sddg fxjeblof
C`fsfg flo`lf wbra`lo-up pebsf C`fsfg flo`lf abgnuljt`dl
Nusf ebs tr`ppfc
Oflfrbg
Bjtubg vbguf sft td "8"
Butdabt`j Muzzfr
jbg`mrbtf Cbtf tbmgf
Abje`lf @C FAF]OFLJP ZSDX

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Jbut`dl ldt jdln`rafc
A`lutfs / a`làua Abxàua
Ab`ltflbljf Ablubg
Nbl Dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
Sàf Xuap
Zfls`t`v`ty Lda`lbg vbguf
Bjt`dl pfrndrafc
pfrndrafc (orffl)
(orffl) Bjt`dl nb`gfc (rfc)
Gfnt ]òet
_brl`lo edrl Jdln`rafc
Jbut`dl Edur
Sdw`lo bwby Xbtrdg gòet
Ztdp Sblk
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
^bguf jbl mf jeblofc Jbgg justdafr sfrv`jf
Zftup Gdo`jbg dpfrbt`dl dn `lputs
Lda`lbg vbguf
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

Jbafrb Nrdlt w`lcdw wbsefr
Nrdlt w`lcdw w`pfr ]fbr w`lcdw wbsefr
]fbr w`lcdw w`pfr Z`cf w`lcdw wbsefr
Z`cf w`lcdw w`pfr Vp / Cdwl
Jbm`l Advf jbm`l
Advf jbm`l gfnt Advf jbm`l ròet
Jbm`l `l pbrkfc pds`t`dl

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

Surl jbm`l td tef gfnt Surl jbm`l td tef ròet
Jbm`l cddr dpfl _bsefr ul`t ndr s`cf w`lcdw
_bsefr ul`t w`lcsjrffl _`lcdw w`pfr ndr w`lcsjrffl
_`lcdw w`pfr ndr s`cf w`lcdw Zfbt
Efbtfr Gbap
Nbvdur`tf Nbvdur`tf @
Nbvdur`tf @@ Brfb (idm cbtb)
C`stbljf (idm cbtb) Cfls`ty (idm cbtb)
Zft cfls`ty (idm cbtb) ^dguaf (idm cbtb)
_fòet dn tef abtfr`bg (idm cbtb) _drk`lo cfpte (idm cbtb)
Zft wdrk`lo cfpte (idm cbtb) _drk`lo w`cte (idm cbtb)

>8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

Zft wdrk`lo w`cte (idm cbtb) Luamfr dn trujk idurlfys (idm cbtb)
_fòet dn abtfr`bg pfr trujk (idm cbtb) Ndgc rfbr-v`fw a`rrdr
A`rrdr gfnt A`rrdr ròet
Jdltrbst ndr cbytàf dpfrbt`dl Jdltrbst ndr lòet dpfrbt`dl
C`spgby `ggua`lbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t

X`jk fxtrbjtdr A`gg`lo crua w`cte
Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr VX / CD_L A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr eycr. prfssurf ngdbt`lo
pds`t`dl
]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr VX / CD_L ]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr VX
]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr ngdbt`lo pds`t`dl A`gg`lo crua
A`gg`lo crua cr`vf A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl spffc Gfvfg 2
A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl spffc Gfvfg = A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl spffc Gfvfg :
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl >2 / :?8
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

A`gg`lo cfpte Zft a`gg`lo cfpte
A`gg`lo w`cte Zft a`gg`lo w`cte
A`gg`lo crua pds`t`dl `l rfgbt`dl td a`gg`lo A`gg`lo crua edus`lo pds`t`dl `l rfgbt`dl td
crua edus`lo ordulc
Fgfjtr`j adtdr
Flo`lf / adtdr ordup

C`fsfg flo`lf C`fsfg flo`lf b`r n`gtfr
C`fsfg flo`lf jebrof b`r prfssurf C`fsfg flo`lf jebrof b`r tfapfrbturf
C`fsfg flo`lf jddgblt n`gg`lo gfvfg C`fsfg flo`lf jddgblt tfapfrbturf
C`fsfg flo`lf oflfrbg nbugt C`fsfg flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg
C`fsfg flo`lf tdrquf C`fsfg flo`lf d`g prfssurf
C`fsfg flo`lf d`g tfapfrbturf C`fsfg flo`lf ZSB]S
C`fsfg flo`lf dpfrbt`dlbg edurs C`fsfg flo`lf fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy

>= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

Xrfogdw c`fsfg flo`lf C`fsfg flo`lf spffc
Nufg tblk Nufg tblk n`gg`lo gfvfg
Nufg tblk n`gg`lo gfvfg gdw C`fsfg flo`lf flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg sfls`t`v`ty
C`fsfg flo`lf flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg gfvfg 2 C`fsfg flo`lf flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg gfvfg =
C`fsfg flo`lf flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg gfvfg :
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc

Eycrbug`j trbvfgg`lo prfssurf Eycrbug`j systfa
Eycrbug`j d`g prfssurf ^bgvf
Eycrbug`j d`g tfapfrbturf Eycrbug`j gfbkbof d`g n`gtfr
Eycrbug`j prfssurf n`gtfr Eycrbug`j prfssurf n`gtfr `lbjt`vf dr ldt

prfsflt
Eycrbug`j rfturl ngdw n`gtfr Eycrbug`j d`g n`gg`lo gfvfg
Eycrbug`j d`g n`gtfr Eycrbug`j crua prfssurf

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl >: / :?8
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

Eyc
Eycrbug`
g`j
j cr`vf
`vf prfss
ssu
urf c`sj
sje
ebrof
rof jd
jdl
lvf
vfyd
ydrr Ey
Eycr
crb
bug`j
g`j cr`v
`vf
f prfss
ssu
urf prà
ràbry jd
jdl
lvf
vfyd
ydr
r
Eycrbug`j prfssurf jdlvfydr systfa
Fgfjtr`jbg systfa

Bjjfgfrbt`dl rbap Cfjfgfrbt`dl
Cfjfgfrbt`dl rbap
Fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy Fgfjtr`jbg sw`tje
Fgfjtr`jbg jurrflt Nusf
Oflfrbtdr Fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy DL
Abx. jurrflt A`l. jurrflt
Fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy DNN Xbtrdg gòet
]fgbys ]fougbt`dl pbrbaftfrs
^bgvf ]fougbt`dl pbrbaftfrs
Fxtfr`dr gòet`lo _drk`lo gòets

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

_drk`lo gòets j`rju`t 2 _drk`lo gòets j`rju`t =
Fgfjtr`j adtdr Xrfssurf sw`tje
Efòet bciustaflt

Efòet bciustaflt `lbjt`vf Efòet bciustaflt jdapgftfgy bjt`vf
Nrdlt efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf Nrdlt gfnt efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf
Nrdlt ròet efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf Gfnt s`cf efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf
]fbr efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf ]fbr gfnt efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf
]fbr ròet efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf ]òet s`cf efòet bciustaflt bjt`vf
Gdwfr Nbst gdwfr
G`nt Nbst g`nt
Gdwfr`lo spffc - butdabt`j XSZ butdabt`j

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Bcvbljf cr`vf

Srbvfgg`lo ]F^F]ZF Srbvfgg`lo ND]_B]CZ
Srbvfgg`lo ND]_B]C / ]F^F]ZF Xbrk`lo mrbkf
Zgdw Nbst
Zpffc jdltrdg Zpffc abx.
C`nnfrflt`bg gdjk (ngdw c`str`mutdr) Srbjt`dl jdltrdg
Bcbpt`vf trbvfg
trbvfg spffc jdltrdg
jdltrdg Jru`sf jdltrdg
jdltrdg
Jrbwgfr ul`t tòetfl jeb`l / sgbjkfl jeb`l A`gg`lo dr cr`vf adcf
Ztffr`lo systfa

Ztffr`lo Ztffr`lo blogf
Nrdlt gfnt stffr`lo Nrdlt ròet stffr`lo
]fbr gfnt stffr`lo ]fbr ròet stffr`lo
JDD]C@LBSF stffr`lo J]BM stffr`lo

>> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

Nrdlt stffr`lo ]fbr stffr`lo
Ztffr`lo J]BM / JDD]C@LBSF Ztffr`lo (rfbr) ‚ BVSDABS@J adcf
]fbr stffr`lo strbòet
Gfvfgg`lo systfa

Zgdpf `lbjt`vf Gfnt sgdpf bjt`vf
]òet sgdpf bjt`vf Zjbll`lo `l nrdlt dn tef a`gg`lo crua
Jgfblfr ul`t

Eòe prfssurf jgfblfr Jdaprfssdr
M`lcfr ul`t

Brfb C`stbljf
Cfls`ty Zft cfls`ty
^dguaf ^dguaf wfòet

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl >? / :?8
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc

Zprby`lo mfba oflfrbg Zprby`lo mfba @
Zprby`lo mfba @@ Zprby`lo mfba @@+
Zprby`lo mfba ldzzgfs dpfl / ± luamfr

dpfl
Cry rul prdtfjt`dl A`gg`lo w`cte rfnfrfljf / idm cbtb
Efbtfr Ngdw-terduoe aftfr
M`tuafl prfssurf N`gg`lo gfvfg m`tuafl wbtfr
@lndrabt`dl afssbof pr`lt idm cbtb Xr`ltfr
Cds`lo
Jdaprfssfc b`r `lbjt`vf Jdaprfssfc b`r bjt`vf
Butdabt`j `lbjt`vf
`lbjt`vf Butdabt`j bjt`vf
bjt`vf
Ablubg `lbjt`vf Ablubg bjt`vf
Efbtfr `lbjt`vf Efbtfr bjt`vf

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Zprby`lo mfba jgfbl`lo Butdabt`j / ablubg `lbjt`vf
Zprby`lo mfba `lbjt`vf Zprby`lo mfba ± butdabt`j `lbjt`vf
Zprby`lo mfba ± ablubg `lbjt`vf Zprby`lo mfba butdabt`j bjt`vf
Zprby`lo mfba butdabt`j sprby`lo bjt`vf Zprby`lo m

mf
fba ablubg sprby`lo bjt`vf
_btfr sprby`lo mfba `lbjt`vf _btfr sprby`lo mfba ± butdabt`j `lbjt`vf
_btfr sprby`lo mfba ± ablubg `lbjt`vf _btfr sprby`lo mfba butdabt`j bjt`vf
_btfr sprby`lo mfba butdabt`j sprby`lo bj- _btfr sprby`lo mfba ablubg sprby`lo bj-
t`vf t`vf
Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdggfr (XGJ)

C`spgby gòet`lo cbytàf dpfrbt`dl C`spgby gòet`lo lòettàf dpfrbt`dl
Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdggfr (XGJ) Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdggfr 2
Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdggfr = Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdggfr = `lbjt`vf dr

ldt prfsflt
Gòet`lo kfypbcs
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8=.8> Dpfrbtdr's jbm`l
[2Q _`lcdw w`pfr (s`cf w`lcdw) [=Q _`lcdw w`pfr (w`lcdw nrdlt / rfbr)
[:Q A`rrdrs [3Q Jbm`l (advbmgf)
=.8=.8? Dpfrbtdr's sfbt
[2Q Adl`tdr jbafrbs [=Q Ztffr`lo weffg

[:Q turl jdapgftf sfbt [3Q Adl`tdr dpfrbt`dl abje`lf
[6Q Brarfst gfnt [>Q Brarfst ròet
ròet
[?Q Dpfrbtdr's sfbt
?8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8=.85 B`r jdlc`t`dlfr
[2Q B`r jdlc`t`dlfr

jdlc`t`dlfr (b`r ngdw
ngdw ldzzgfs) [=Q B`r jdlc`t`dlfr
jdlc`t`dlfr (jdltrdg)
(jdltrdg)
[:Q B`r jdlc`t`dlfr
jdlc`t`dlfr (b`r n`gtfr)
n`gtfr)
[2Q Jddgfr (b`r jdlc`t`dlfr) - ndgc`lo

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ?2 / :?8
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8=.80 ]bc`d / pr`ltfr
[2Q Xr`ltfr (idm cbtb) [=Q ]bc`d

?= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
=.8=.28 Jbafrb / adl`tdr systfa
[2Q Jbafrb (duts`cf brfb gfnt) [=Q Jbafrb (a`gg`lo crua / a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr
nrdlt brfb)
[:Q Jbafrb (a`gg`lo crua / a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr rfbr [3Q Jbafrb (brfb mfe`lc tef abje`lf / rfvfrsf
brfb) trbvfg)
[6Q Adl`tdr (`l tef jbm`l)
[6Q Adl`tdr ndr vbr`dus jbafrb pds`t`dls (`l tef

jbm`l)
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ?: / :?8
Cfsjr`pt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
=.8: A`gg`lo crua ul`t

=.8:
=.8:.8
.82
2 Sdd
ddgg fx
fxje
jebl
blof
of / a`
a`gg
gg`l
`lo
occru
rua
a rrdt
dtbt
bt`d
`dl
lccfv
fv`j
`jf
f jd
jdlt
ltrd
rdgg p
pbl
blfg
fgs
s
[2Q Surl a`gg`lo crua td gfnt (a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl [=Q Surl a`gg`lo crua td ròet (a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl
cfv`jf jdltrdg pblfg) cfv`jf jdltrdg pblfg)
[:Q Zdjkft ndr a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf / p`jk fx- [3Q Sddg fxjeblof DNN / DL / rfbr a`gg`lo crua
trbjtdr (`l rfbr tddg mdx) sjrbpfr G@NS (rfbr jrdssafamfr)
[6Q Fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy DNN / DL / tddg fx- [>Q Eycr. jdupg`lo ndr p`jk fxtrbjtdr (`l rfbr tddg
jeblof DL (c`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg pblfg - jbm`l) mdx)
Cfsjr`pt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
=.8:.8= A`gg`lo crua
[2Q A`gg`lo crua [=Q X`jk fxtrbjtdr (plfuabt`j)

[:Q X`jk fxtrbjtdr (eycrbug`j) [3Q X`jk suppdrt
[6Q X`jks
=.8:.8: A`gg`lo c
crrua s
sj
jrbpfr nr
nrdlt / rfbr
[2Q A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr rfbr [=Q A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr nrdlt
Cfsjr`pt`dl
=.83 Flo`lf / adtdr ordup

=.83.82 C`fsfg flo`lf
C`fsfg flo`lf
C`fsfg pbrt`jugbtf n`gtfr
[2Q C`fsfg pbrt`jugbtf n`gtfr [=Q Jdltrdg pblfg c`fsfg pbrt`jugbtf n`gtfr
?> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Cfsjr`pt`dl
=.83.8= Nufg suppgy
[2Q Zeut-dnn tbp (nufg prf-n`gtfr) [=Q Nufg n`ggfr pdrt

[:Q Nufg ab`l n`gtfr [3Q Nufg prf-n`gtfr
[6Q Nufg eblc puap
=.83.8: Jddg`lo systfa
[2Q Jddgblt n`ggfr pdrt [=Q Jddgblt n`gg`lo gfvfg

[:Q Jddgfr (jddgblt) [3Q Jddgfr (jebrof b`r)
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ?? / :?8
Cfsjr`pt`dl
=.83.83 B`r n`gtfr
[2Q B`r n`gtfr

Cfsjr`pt`dl
=.83.86 Jdltrdg p
pb
blfg c
c``fsfg f
fl
lo`lf c
c`b
`bo
olds`s
C`bolds`s (`l tef fgfjtr`jbg jbm`lft mfe`lc tef jbm`l)
[2Q Muttdl - c`bolds`s stbrt DL / DNN - GFC `l mut- [=Q C`fsfg flo`lf stdp gòet (rfc GFC)
tdl gòets up wefl tef muttdl `s sft td DL
[:Q C`fsfg flo`lf wbrl`lo gòet (yfggdw GFC) [3Q Muttdl - FLSF] (lfxt ngbse jdcf)
[6Q Muttdl - rb`sf c`fsfg flo`lf spffc (dlgy ndr [>Q Muttdl - rfcujf c`fsfg flo`lf spffc (dlgy ndr
fafrofljy adcf) - GFC `l muttdl gòets up fafrofljy adcf)
wefl tef abxàua spffc `s rfbjefc
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
=.86 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc

=.86.82 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
[2Q Eycrbug`j rfturl ngdw n`gtfr [=Q N`ggfr n`gtfr blc vflt`gbt`dl n`gtfr
[:Q Eycrbug`j prfssurf n`gtfr [3Q Eycrbug`j jdam`lbt`dl
jdam`lbt`dl n`gtfr (rfturl ngdw / sujt`dl
n`gtfr)
[6Q Eycrbug`j d`g gfvfg `lc`jbtdr
[2Q Jddgfr (eycrbug`j puap cr`vf) [=Q Jddgfr (eycrbug`j d`g)

Cfsjr`pt`dl
Fgfjtr`jbg systfa
=.86.8= Eycrbug`j puap cr`vf
[2Q ^flt`gbt`dl vbgvf [=Q D`g n`ggfr pdrt

[:Q Ab`ltflbljf ngbp d`g crb`l [3Q D`g crb`l
[6Q C`pst`jk
=.8> Fgfjtr`jbg systfa

=.8>.82 Mbttfr`fs
[2Q Mbttfry [=Q Mbttfry ab`l sw`tje

[:Q Mbttfry
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Bcvbljf cr`vf
cr`vf
=.8>.8= Fgfjtr`jbg jbm`lft / nnu

usfs
[2Q Ndba m`tuafl ul`t nusfs (oflfrbtdr) [=Q Sr`p-sw`tjefs ndba m`tuafl ul`t (efbtfr j`rju`ts)
[:Q Ab`l fgfjtr`jbg jbm`lft (mfe`lc tef jbm`l) [3Q C`fsfg flo`lf fafrofljy adcf adcugf
=.85 Bcvbljf cr`vf

=.85.82 Bcvbljf cr`vf ofbrmdx / weffgs
[2Q Syrfs [=Q Bcvbljf cr`vf

cr`vf ofbrmdx
ofbrmdx
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Bcvbljf cr`vf
cr`vf
=.85.8= Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg
[2Q Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg DL / DNN [=Q Bciust sfls`t`v`ty

sfls`t`v`ty
[:Q Zft flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc 2 [3Q Zft flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc =
[6Q Zft flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc :
Sef flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg cftfjts spffc rfcujt`dls dn tef c`fsfg flo`lf cuf td `l-
jrfbs`lo gdbc.
Bs b jdlsfqufljf
jdlsfqufljf tef p prfssur`sbt`d
rfssur`sbt`dl
l spffc ndr tef : a`gg`lo spffcs `s gà`tfc
gà`tfc
blc bs b rfsugt tef trbvfgg`lo spffc dn tef abje`lf rfcujfc.
Sef abje`lf dpfrbtdr jbl jdljfltrbtf jdapgftfgy dl tef dtefr abje`lf nulj-
t`dls.
Sef flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc blc tef sfls`t`v`ty jbl mf bciustfc my tef abje`lf
dpfrbtdr v`b tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr.
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Ztffr`lo systfa
=.85.8: Cfv`jf ndr tdw`lo bwby
[2Q Mrbkf rfgfbsf cfv`jf [=Q Xrfssurf obuof jdllfjt`dl

[:Q Eycrbug`j jdupg`lo tdw`lo bwby / trbvfgg`lo [3Q Zw`tje`lo fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t dl/dnn
[6Q Eblc puap
=.80 Ztffr`lo systfa

=.80.82 Ztffr`lo
[2Q Ztffr`lo weffg (nrdlt weffgs) [=Q Augt`-nuljt`dl idyst`jk (rfbr weffgs / stffr`lo
Augt`-nuljt`dl
adcf)
Cfsjr`pt`dl
_btfr systfa
=.22 Gfvfgg`lo systfa

=.22.82 Zflsdrs
[2Q Zflsdr (gbtfrbg t`gt)
=.2= _btfr systfa

=.2=.82 _btfr suppgy
[2Q _btfr n`ggfr pdrt [=Q _btfr n`gtfr

[:Q _btfr crb`l
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Jgfblfr ul`t
=.2: Jgfblfr ul`t

=.2:.82 Eòe prfssurf jgfblfr
[2Q Jgfbl`lo DL / DNN [=Q Jdllfjt`dl eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr

[:Q Xds`t`dl eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr (mfe`lc tef ròet
nrdlt weffg)
Cfsjr`pt`dl
M`lcfr ul`t
=.2> M`lcfr ul`t

=.2>.82 Dl-mdbrc j
jd
daputfr c
c`s
`sp
pgby c
cd
ds`lo u
ul
l`t
[2Q Dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`spgby ndr sftt`lo / rfbc`lo

dnn cds`lo cbtb
=.2>.8= Zprby`lo mfbas
[2Q Zprby`lo mfba pds`t`dl "B" (efrf ndba m`tuafl) [=Q Zprby`lo mfba pds`t`dl "M" (efrf wbtfr / faug-
s`dl / suspfls`dl)
Cfsjr`pt`dl
M`lcfr ul`t
=.2>.8: X`pf jdllfjtdrs
[2Q Jdllfjt`dl ndr wbtfr (2588 g`trfs) [=Q Jdllfjt`dl ndr wbtfr / faugs`dl (2st puap)
[:Q Jdllfjt`dl ndr suspfls`dl [3Q Jdllfjt`dl ndr wbtfr / faugs`dl (=lc puap)
[6Q Jdllfjt`dl ndr edt m`tuafl (ndba m`tuafl)
=.2>.83 Sfst ldzzgf

Sfst ldzzgf ndba m`tuafl sbapgf
[2Q Sfst ldzzgf ndr tbk`lo ndba-m`tuafl sbapgfs [=Q Sfst mujkft w`te eddk ndr ndba-m`tuafl sbapgfs
[:Q Sfst ldzzgf DL / DNN
Cfsjr`pt`dl
Jdaprfssfc b`r systfa blc bjjfssdr`fs
=.2? Jdaprfssfc b`r systfa blc bjjfssdr`fs

=.2?.82 Jdaprfssfc b`r tblk / cfnrd
nrdstfr ul`t
[2Q Cfnrdstfr ul`t [=Q Jdaprfssfc b`r tblk

[:Q Jdaprfssfc b`r jdllfjt`dl

08 / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Oflfrbg
: DXF]BS@DL
:.88 Oflfrbg
:.88.82 Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls
Bgg bjt`v`t`fs cfsjr`mfc

cfsjr`mfc `l O
Ordup
rdup Ldra > "@LZSBGGBS@DL,
"@LZSBGGBS@DL, BZZFAMGP
BZZFAMGP blc
JDL^F]Z@DL @LZS]VJS@DLZ, ZFS-VX SBZKZ" (cfpflc`lo dl tef fqu`p-
aflt dn tef abje`lf) mfndrf stbrt`lo-up tef abje`lf blc mfndrf dl-s`tf dpfrb-
t`dl. Dtefrw`sf tef abje`lf aby mf cbabofc dr tef rfsugts aby mf ulsbt`snbj-
tdry.
:.88.8= Ztbrtup
 Zft up jbm`l `l wdrk`lo pds`t`dl
 Zft up dpfrbtdr's sfbt `l wdrk`lo pds`t`dl.
 Bciust a`rrdrs.
a`rrdrs.
 Bciust jbafrbs.
jbafrbs.
 Ztbrt c`fsfg flo`lf.
 G`nt tef abje`lf jdapgftfgy.
 G`nt tef a`gg`lo crua up td tef eòefst pd`lt.
:.88.8: Dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl

 Zfgfjt rfqu`rfc trbvfgg`lo spffc blc stffr`lo adcf.
 Cr`vf abje`lf td stbrt pds`t`dl.
 jdupgf tef tblk trujk edsf p`pfs `n lfjfssbry.
 sfgfjt rfqu`rfc cds`lo ul`t typf (@, @@, @@@).
 dpfl / jgdsf tef seut-dnn vbgvfs dn tef cds`lo ul`t `n lfjfssbry.
 Xrf-efbt tef ndba m`tuafl ul`t.
 Zw`tje dl tef cds`lo ul`t.
 Zft tef rfqu`rfc a`gg`lo cfpte.
 Gdwfr tef abje`lf jdapgftfgy.
 Zft tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs bs rfqu`rfc.
 Zw`tje dl a`gg`lo crua cr`vf.
 Gdwfr a`gg`lo crua td a`gg`lo cfpte.
 Advf tef abje`lf sgdwgy ndrwbrcs.
 Zft rfqu`rfc wdrk`lo spffc.
Dpfrbt`dl
Oflfrbg
:.88.83 Zeutt`lo cdwl

 Ztdp tef abje`lf.
 G`nt tef a`gg`lo crua up td tef eòefst pd`lt.
 Zw`tje dnn tef cds`lo ul`t.
 Zw`tje dnn a`gg`lo crua cr`vf.
 Jgdsf bgg seut-dnn vbgvfs dn tef cds`lo ul`t.
 Vljdupgf tef tblk trujk edsf p`pfs.
 G`nt tef abje`lf jdapgftfgy.
 Jgdsf tef rfbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr.
 Cr`vf abje`lf td pbrk`lo pds`t`dl.
 Gdwfr tef abje`lf jdapgftfgy.
 Xgbjf wddcfl mfbas ulcfr a`gg`lo crua blc gdwfr a`gg`lo crua dltd tefa.
 Zw`tje dnn c`fsfg flo`lf. Zft tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy td DNN, pugg dut tef
kfy, sft tef ab`l sw`tje td DNN, rfadvf tef tdoogf.
 Gdjk tef jbm`l.
 Gdjk mdxfs, stdrbof jdapbrtaf
jdapbrtaflts,
lts, pbtrdg gòets, ftj. tefnt-prddn.
Dpfrbt`dl
Oflfrbg
:.88.86 Srblspdrtbt`dl
Mfndrf tef abje`lf `s gdbcfc dltd b gdw gdbcfr dr sà`gbr trblspdrtbt`dl vfe`jgf,
`t bmsdgutfgy aust mf pds`t`dlfc dl b gfvfg, sdg`c sum-mbsf. rfbcy ndr gdbc`lo .
]fqu`rfaflts9
 Sef abje`lf aust mf nrffc dn jdbrsf jdltba`lbt`dl.

 Sef pbtrdg gòet blc wdrk`lo gòets aust mf c`sabltgfc blc pbjkfc sfjurfgy
ndr trblspdrt - cust jbps aust mf sg`c dpfl.
 Bgg pbrts prdtruc`lo
prdtruc`lo mf
mfydlc
ydlc tef tr
trblspdrtbt`d
blspdrtbt`dl
l efòet/w`cte
efòet/w`cte aust mf rfadvfc
rfadvfc
blc pbjkfc sfjurfgy ndr trblspdrt dl tef abje`lf; tefrf aust ldt mf bly
gddsf dmifjts dl tef abje`lf.
 Sef trblspdrtbt`dl efòet/w`cte aust ldt mf fxjffcfc ulcfr bly j`rjua-
stbljfs.
 Advf tef jbm`l td tef gfnt td tef flc pd`lt.
 Ndgc a`rrdrs.
 Jgdsf tef nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr.
 Jgdsf tef rfbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr - sft tef sw`tje td NGDBS@LO pds`t`dl.
 G`nt tef a`gg`lo crua up td tef stdp pds`t`dl.
 Gdwfr tef abje`lf jdapgftfgy td tef stdp pds`t`dl.
 Sef stbrtfr mbttfr`fs aust mf jebrofc.
 Sefrf aust mf flduoe nufg `l tef nufg tblk.
 Sef eblc-dvfr dn kfys (kfy ndr fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy, kfy ndr tef jdltrdg
pblfgs, tdoogf ndr tef ab`l sw`tje) aust mf flsurfc.
 Sef cr`vfr dn tef trblspdrt vfe`jgf aust mf `lndrafc bmdut tef gdjbt`dl dn tef
"@LND MDU" blc tef trblspdrtbt`dl `lstrujt`dls jdltb`lfc tefrf`l.
Dpfrbt`dl
Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdg (XGJ)
:.82 Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdg (XGJ)

:.82.82 Dpfrbtdr o
ouu`cbljf (d
(dl
l-mdbrc j
jddaputfr)
Ztbrt`lo tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr
AB]O@L
 Sef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr stbrts butdabt`jbggy bntfr tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy
`s sw`tjefc dl
 . . . tef _@]SOFL syamdg bppfbrs
 . . . tef vfrs`dl w`te tef abje`lf typf `l qufst`dl bppfbrs
 . . . b systfa tfst `s pfrndrafc
 . . . tef wdrk`lo sjrffl bppfbrs, nrda we`je `t `s pdss`mgf td sfgfjt bgg dpfrbt-
`lo blc sftup sjrffls

Dpfrbt`dl
Zfgfjt`lo tef sfgfjt`dl aflu
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdtbry muttdl td gfbvf tef jurrflt sjrffl - tef sfgfjt`dl aflu bp-
pfbrs.
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef ròet dr gfnt blc sjrdgg td tef rfqu`rfc aflu (efrf
f.o. ? - Cds`lo) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef ròet dr gfnt blc sjrdgg td tef rfqu`rfc sumaflu
(efrf f.o. ?.2 - Dvfrv`fw) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef rfqu`rfc sfgfjt`dl sjrffl
bppfbrs (efrf f.o. ?.2.2 - Cds`lo ul`t @).
 Xrfss bl "N" kfy (efrf f.o. N2) td fltfr dr jeblof vbgufs.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef "FZJ" kfy 1 jeblof nrda tef jurrflt sjrffl td tef prfv`dus
sjrffl.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef "EDAF" kfy 1 jeblof nrda tef jurrflt sjrffl td tef ab`l sjrffl.
Dpfrbt`dl
2 - Dpfrbt`dl
= - Zfrv`jf
: - Zftup
3 - C`bolds`s
Dpfrbt`dl
6 - Jbafrbs
> - Idm cbtb
? - Cds`lo ul`t
Dpfrbt`dl
Zfgfjt sjrffls (2 - Dpfrbt`dl)
AB]O@L
 Sd gfbvf tef jurrflt sjrffl blc sjrdgg nurtefr, turl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef
ròet dr gfnt.
Zfgfjt sjrffls (= - Zfrv`jf)

Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
 Sef wdrk`lo aflu sedws b sfpbrbtf w`lcdw w`te tef afssbof wefl tef
lfxt ab`ltflbljf `s cuf (efrf, ndr fxbapgf, `l 5 edurs).
pfbrs.
f.o. = - Zfrv`jf) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
(efrf f.o. =.2 - Zftt`los) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sfgfjt`dl sjrffl bppfbrs
(efrf f.o. =.2.2 - Lfxt ab`ltflbljf).
 Zjrdgg td tef sumaflu (efrf =.2.= - Zfrv`jf).
 Xrfss N= blc jdln`ra tef ab`ltflbljf - tef edurs ult`g tef lfxt ab`ltflbljf
brf sedwl `l "=.2.2 - Lfxt sfrv`jf".
LDSF
Dljf tef ab`ltflbljf ebs mffl cdlf blc jdln`rafc, b orffl sa`gfy bppfbrs
dl "=.2.= - Zfrv`jf".
Dljf tef ab`ltflbljf ebs mffl cdlf blc jdln`rafc, b orffl sa`gfy bppfbrs
dl "=.2.= - Zfrv`jf".
Zfgfjt sjrffls (: - Zftup)

Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
pfbrs.
f.o. : - Zftup) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
(efrf f.o. :.2 - A`gg`lo crua) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
(efrf f.o. :.2.2 - Oflfrbg) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef rfqu`rfc sfgfjt`dl
sjrffl bppfbrs (efrf f.o. :.2.2.2 - A`gg`lo cfpte butdabt`j adcf).
 Xrfss tef rdtbry muttdl blc fltfr tef rfqu`rfc vbguf.
Zfgfjt`lo @X] jdcf
AB]O@L
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef ròet dr gfnt blc sjrdgg td tef rfqu`rfc sjrffl
(efrf f.o. :.2.2.3 - A`gg`lo crua edus`lo adcf) - tef `lput mdx `s abrkfc w`te
b gdjk `lc`jbt`lo tebt tef spfj`n`j vbguf jbl dlgy mf jeblofc `n bl @X] jdcf `s
fltfrfc.
 Xrfss`lo tef rdtbry muttdl prdcujfs bl @X] rfqufst jdcf we`je jbl mf sflt
td _@]SOFL Zfrv`jf, we`je w`gg tefl bggdjbtf b rfgfbsf jdcf td ydu.
Zfgfjt sjrffls (3 - C`bolds`s)

Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
pfbrs.
f.o. 3 - C`bolds`s) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
(efrf f.o. 3.2 - A`gg`lo crua) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef rfqu`rfc sfgfjt`dl
sjrffl bppfbrs (efrf f.o. 3.:.8 - A`gg`lo crua).
(efrf f.o. 3.:.2 - A`gg`lo crua jgutje) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef rfqu`rfc sf-
gfjt`dl sjrffl bppfbrs (efrf f.o. 3.:.2.2 - A`gg`lo crua jgutje DL/DNN).
 ]fbc dnn tef rfqu`rfc cbtb.
Zfgfjt sjrffls (6 - Jbafrbs)
AB]O@L
pfbrs.
f.o. 6 - Jbafrbs) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
(efrf f.o. 6.2 - Jbafrb 2).
 Xrfss tef rdtbry muttdl blc bggdjbtf tef rfqu`rfc jbafrb td tef =lc adl`tdr.
Dpfrbt`dl
Zfgfjt sjrffls (> - Idm cbtb)
AB]O@L
pfbrs.
f.o. > - Idm) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
(efrf f.o. >.2 - Idm cbtb cftb`g) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef rfqu`rfc sfgfjt`dl
sjrffl bppfbrs (efrf f.o. >.2.2 - C`stbljf).
 Bgtfrlbt`vf aftedc9 Xrfss tef N3 kfy 1 iuap c`rfjtgy nrda tef jurrflt
sjrffl td tef sfgfjt`dl sjrffl (efrf f.o. >.2.2 - C`stbljf).
 ]fbc dnn tef rfqu`rfc vbguf.
 Xrfss tef N6 kfy 1 pr`lt dut idm cbtb.

Dpfrbt`dl
Zfgfjt sjrffls (? - Cds`lo)
AB]O@L
pfbrs.
f.o. ? - Cds`lo) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef sumaflu bppfbrs.
(efrf f.o. ?.2 - Dvfrv`fw) - prfss rdtbry muttdl - tef rfqu`rfc sfgfjt`dl sjrffl
bppfbrs (efrf f.o. ?.2.2 - _btfr).
 Bgtfrlbt`vf aftedc9 Xrfss tef N6 kfy 1 iuap c`rfjtgy nrda tef jurrflt
sjrffl td tef sfgfjt`dl sjrffl (efrf f.o. ?.2.2 - _btfr).
 Xrfss tef rdtbry muttdl blc fltfr tef rfqu`rfc vbguf.
Dpfrbt`dl
"N" - nuljt`dl
n uljt`dl kfys
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef "N2" kfy - b sfgfjt`dl w`lcdw bppfbrs ndr fltfr`lo tef a`gg`lo
cfpte.
 Xrfss tef "N=" kfy - b sfgfjt`dl w`lcdw bppfbrs ndr fltfr`lo tef jdltbjt
prfssurf ndr tef rfbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr.
 Xrfss tef "N:" kfy - b sfgfjt`dl w`lcdw bppfbrs ndr fltfr`lo tef sgdpf.
 Xrfss tef "N3" kfy - b sfgfjt`dl w`lcdw (>.2.2 - Idm cbtb) bppfbrs ndr rfbc-
`lo dnn tef prdjfssfc c`stbljf. Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef ròet dr gfnt blc
lbvòbtf td tef lfxt sfgfjt`dl sjrffl (>.2.= td >.2.28 - Idm cbtb) `l drcfr td
rfbc dnn tef prdjfssfc brfb, vdguaf, qublt`ty, a`gg`lo w`cte, a`gg`lo cfpte,
ftj.

Xrfss tef rfbc`lo
pfbrs ndr "N6" kfydnn- btef
sfgfjt`dl w`lcdw Surl
wbtfr sftt`los. (?.2.2tef
- Cds`lo ul`t dvfrv`fw)
rdtbry muttdl bp-
td tef ròet
dr gfnt blc lbvòbtf td tef lfxt sfgfjt`dl sjrffl (?.2.= td ?.2.: - Cds`lo ul`t
dvfrv`fw) td rfbc dnn sftt`los ndr faugs`dl, m`lcfr, ftj.
LDSF
Sef bssòlaflt dn nuljt`dl kfys N2 td N6 jeblofs mdte cfpflc`lo dl tef c`s-

pgbyfc sjrffl blc tef stbtus dn tef abje`lf.
:.82
:.82.8
.8=
= Dp
Dpfr
frbt
bt`l
`lo
o stbt
stbtf
f af
afss
ssbo
bofs
fs ZX
ZXL/
L/NA
NA@@ (c
(c`f
`fsf
sfgg flo`
flo`lf
lf))
Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s fqu`ppfc w`te b adl`tdr`lo systfa.
Bntfr sw`tje`lo dl tef fgfjtr`jbg
fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr su
suppgy,
ppgy, stbrt`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf,
flo`lf, blc
cur`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl, afssbofs dl tef stbtf dn tef c`fsfg flo`lf jbl mf c`s-
pgbyfc.
Sef jbusf dn tef afssbof `s td mf cftfra`lfc `l fvfry jbsf blc, `n lfjfssbry,
tef nbugt dr tef frrdr rfjt`n`fc.
Dpfrbt`dl
@n tefrf `s b nbugt9
 B wbrl`lo edrl
edrl sdulcs
sdulcs ndr 6 sfjdl
sfjdlcs,
cs,
 tef rfc GFC [2Q
[2Q gòets
gòets up,
 tef rfc JBVS@DL kfy [=Q
[=Q gòets
gòets up,
 `n tef rfc GFC [:Q
[:Q gòets
gòets up dl tef flo`lf jdltrdg ul`t jdltrdg pblfg,
 bl ZXLTTTT / NA@TTTT luamfr
luamfr bppfbrs dl tef c`spgby.
 Fstbmg`se tef jbusf dn tef nbugt.
 ]fjt`ny nbugt, `n lfjfssbry jdltbjt _@]SOFL justdafr sfrv`jf.
Sef afssbof dl tef c`spgby `s jdln`rafc my prfss`lo bly kfy

 tef tfxt afssbof dl tef gbrof rfpdrt`lo w`lcdw c`sbppfbrs, tef rfc
JBVS@DL kfy [=Q
[=Q odfs
odfs dut blc tef rfc GFC [2Q
[2Q rfab`ls
rfab`ls g`t bs gdlo bs tef
abgnuljt`dl ebs ldt mffl rfjt`n`fc.
 tef ZXLTTT/NA@TTT afssbof
afssbof `s ld gdlofr c`spgbyfc,
[=Q odfs
odfs dut,
 tef rfc GFC [2Q
[2Q gòets
gòets up `n tef abgnuljt`dl rfturls blc `t odfs dut bs sddl bs
tef abgnuljt`dl ebs mffl rfjt`n`fc,
 tef rfc GFC [:Q
[:Q gòets
gòets up dl tef flo`lf jdltrdg ul`t jdltrdg pblfg `n tef abg-
nuljt`dl jdlt`lufs blc `t odfs dut bs sddl bs tef abgnuljt`dl ebs mffl rfjt`-
n`fc.
:.82
:.82.8
.8:
: Dp
Dpfr
frbt
bt`l
`lo
o stbt
stbtf
f af
afss
ssbo
bofs
fs ng
ngbs
bse
e jd
jdcf
cf (c
(c`f
`fsf
sfgg f
flo
lo`l
`lf)
f)
Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s fqu`ppfc w`te b adl`tdr`lo systfa.
fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr s
suppgy,
uppgy, stbrt`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf,
flo`lf, dr cur-
cur-
`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl, afssbofs dl tef stbtf dn tef c`fsfg flo`lf jbl mf c`s-
pgbyfc.
Dpfrbt`dl
[2Q Muttdl - c`bolds`s stbrt DL / [=Q C`fsfg flo`lf stdp gòet (rfc
DNN - GFC `l muttdl gòets up GFC)
wefl tef muttdl `s sft td DL
[:Q C`fsfg flo`lf wbrl`lo gòet [3Q Muttdl - FLSF] (lfxt ngbse
(yfggdw GFC) jdcf)
[6Q Muttdl - rb`sf c`fsfg flo`lf [>Q Muttdl - rfcujf c`fsfg flo`lf
spffc (dlgy ndr fafrofljy spffc (dlgy ndr fafrofljy
adcf) - GFC `l muttdl gòets up adcf)
wefl tef abxàua spffc `s
rfbjefc
C`fsfg
C`fsfg flo`lf
flo`lf "_B]L@L
"_B]L@LO"
O" (Xdss`mg
(Xdss`mgf
f td jdlt`luf
jdlt`luf w
wdrk`
drk`lo
lo ndr b sedrt
sedrt pfr`dc
AB]O@L
pfr`dc))
 Pfggdw GFC `s `ggua`lbtfc - rfc GFC `s dnn
 Zw`tje dnn c`fsfg flo`lf / sw`tje dl fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy.

AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef C@BO muttdl - tef yfggdw GFC gòets up.
AB]O@L
 Pfggdw blc rfc GFC `ggua`lbtf

 Zedrt pbusf
Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
 Pfggdw blc rfc GFC sw`tje dnn

 Zedrt pbusf
AB]O@L
 Sef rfc GFC dutputs tef ngbse jdcf ndr tef nbugt (efrf f.o. 3-:-6 1 flo`lf d`g
prfssurf sflsdr)
Fxbapgf9
 Cftfra`lf tef jbusf dn tef nbugt (sff "Sbmgf" ZXL/NA@

ZXL/NA@ blc ngbse jdcf
(c`fsfg flo`lf) - rfbc dnn tef jdrrfspdlc`lo afssbof.
AB]O@L
 Sd rfbc dtefr ngbse jdcfs, prfss tef muttdl mr`fngy.
C`fsfg
C`fsfg flo`lf
flo`lf "ZSD
"ZSDX"
X" (Ld gd
gdlofr
lofr pdss`mgf
pdss`mgf td jdlt`lu
jdlt`luf
f td wdrk)
wdrk)
AB]O@L
 Pfggdw GFC `s dnn - rfc GFC `s `ggua`lbtfc
 Zw`tje dnn c`fsfg flo`lf / sw`tje dl fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy.

Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef C@BO muttdl - tef yfggdw GFC gòets up.
AB]O@L
 Pfggdw blc rfc GFC `ggua`lbtf
 Zedrt pbusf
AB]O@L
 Pfggdw blc rfc GFC sw`tje dnn

 Zedrt pbusf
AB]O@L
 tef rfc GFC dutputs tef ngbse jdcf ndr tef nbugt (efrf f.o. =-:-6 1 jddgblt
gfvfg tdd gdw)
Fxbapgf9
 Cftfra`lf tef jbusf dn tef nbugt (sff "Sbmgf" ZXL/NA@

ZXL/NA@ blc ngbse jdcf
(c`fsfg flo`lf) - rfbc dnn tef jdrrfspdlc`lo afssbof.
Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
:.82.83 Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs (a

(ab
bje`lf)
Sef abje`lf `s fqu`ppfc w`te b adl`tdr`lo systfa.

fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy,
suppgy, stbrt`lo tef c`fsfg f
flo`lf,
lo`lf, dr cur`lo
cur`lo dl-s`tf
dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl,
dpfrbt`dl, afssbofs
afssbofs dl
tef stbtf dn tef abje`lf jbl mf c`spgbyfc.
Sef jbusf dn tef afssbof `s td mf cftfra`lfc `l fvfry jbsf blc, `n lfjfssbry, tef nbugt dr tef frrdr rfjt`n`fc.
 B wbrl`lo edrl
edrl sdulcs
sdulcs ndr 6 sfjdlcs,
sfjdlcs,
 tef rfc GFC [2Q
[2Q gòets
gòets up,
[=Q gòets
gòets up,

`n tef rfc GFC [:Q
[:Q gòets
gòets up dl tef flo`lf jdltrdg ul`t jdltrdg pblfg,
 bl ZXLTTTT / NA@TTTT luamfr
luamfr bppfbrs dl tef c`spgby.
 Fstbmg`se tef jbusf dn tef nbugt.
Sef afssbof `s jdln`rafc my prfss`lo b kfy

 tef tfxt afssbof dl tef gbrof rfpdrt`lo w`lcdw c`sbppfbrs, tef rfc JBVS@DL kfy [=Q
[=Q odfs
odfs dut blc tef rfc GFC
[2Q
[2Q rfab`ls
rfab`ls g`t bs gdlo bs tef abgnuljt`dl ebs ldt mffl rfjt`n`fc.
 tef ZXLTTT/NA@TTT afssbof
afssbof `s ld gdlofr c`spgbyfc,
[=Q odfs
odfs dut,
 tef rfc GFC [2Q
[2Q gòets
gòets up `n tef abgnuljt`dl rfturls blc `t odfs dut bs sddl bs tef abgnuljt`dl ebs mffl rfjt`n`fc,
 tef rfc GFC [:Q
[:Q gòets
gòets up dl tef flo`lf jdltrdg ul`t jdltrdg pblfg `n tef abgnuljt`dl jdlt`lufs blc `t odfs dut bs
sddl bs tef abgnuljt`dl ebs mffl rfjt`n`fc.
Dpfrbt`dl
Jbtfodr`fs / pr`dr`t`fs (X) dn nbugt afssbofs
X Lbaf Cfn`l`t`dl Fxbapgf / rfabrks Jdlsfqufljfs ndr tef

dpfrbtdr
_e`tf afssbof Cfvfgdpfr afssbof Ldt usfc Ldlf
Mguf afssbof Mguf afssbofs `lc`jbtf G`nt`lo jdgual nrdlt ròet `s Ablcbtdry bjt`dl9
Ablcbtdry
(prdtfjt`dl sòlbg) abgnuljt`dls
abgnuljt`dl s tebt c`spgby jdapgftfgy fxtflcfc Mguf afssbofs `lc`jbtf b
b prdmgfa w`te b abje`lf -< tef dpfrbtdr ld gdlofr abje`lf stbtf tebt rfqu`rfs
systfa, blc cd ldt lfjfs- ebs pflcugua strdkf bvb`g- bjt`dl my tef dpfrbtdr; f.o.
sbr`gy rfgbtf td tef fgfjtrdl- bmgf rfsft nuljt`dls dr bjkldwg-
`js fcof afssbof
Pfggdw afssbof Pfggdw afssbofs `lc`jbtf Xds`t`dl afbsur`lo sfl- Bmldrabg stbtf9
Bmldrabg
(bgbra sòlbg) abgnuljt`dls dn b abje`lf sdr dn tef s`cf pgbtf jyg`l- Pfggdw afssbofs `lc`-
systfa; tef abje`lf cdfs cfr ebs nb`gfc -< tef ab- jbtf bl bmldrabg stbtf bs
ldt ebvf td mf stdppfc à- je`lf jbl jdlt`luf td mf wfgg bs bl àa`lflt jr`t`jbg
afc`btfgy dpfrbtfc us`lo fafrofljy stbtf dn tef abje`lf. Se`s
adcf afbls te`s stbtf aust mf
adl`tdrfc blc/dr tef dpfr-
btdr aust `ltfrvflf `l drcfr
td stdp tef bmldrabg stbtf
]fc afssbof ]fc afssbofs `lc`jbtf C`fsfg flo`lf tfapfrbturf Fafrofljy9 ]fc afs-
(abje`lf ZSDX abgnuljt`dls dn b abje`lf `s tdd eòe sbofs `lc`jbtf b jr`t`jbg
sòlbg) systfa `l we`je tef sòl`n`- -< C`fsfg flo`lf aust mf stbtf dn tef abje`lf we`je
jbljf dn tef abgnuljt`dl `s seut cdwl àafc`btfgy rfqu`rfs àafc`btf bjt`dl
sd sfr`dus bs td iust`ny bl my tef dpfrbtdr `l rfspdlsf
àafc`btf stdp dn tef ab- td te`s jr`t`jbg stbtf (f.o.
je`lf prfss FAF]OFLJP ZSDX
sw`tje)
Fxbapgfs dn nbugt afssbof jbtfodr`fs / pr`dr`t`fs
Nbugt afssbof jbtfodry 2 - we`tf

Xrfss tef rfc JBVS@DL kfy - tef jdrrfspdlc`lo tfxt afssbof bppfbrs `l tef gbrof afssbof w`lcdw w`te b we`tf
syamdg
Dpfrbt`dl
Nbugt afssbof jbtfodry = - mguf

Xrfss tef rfc JBVS@DL kfy - tef jdrrfspdlc`lo tfxt afssbof bppfbrs `l tef gbrof afssbof w`lcdw w`te b mguf
syamdg
Nbugt afssbof jbtfodry : - yfggdw

Xrfss tef rfc JBVS@DL kfy - tef jdrrfspdlc`lo tfxt afssbof bppfbrs `l tef gbrof afssbof w`lcdw w`te b yfggdw
syamdg
Nbugt afssbof jbtfodry 3 - rfc

]fc tfxt afssbof brf c`spgbyfc c`rfjtgy `l tef gbrof afssbof w`lcdw w`te b rfc syamdg
Dpfrbt`dl
^`fw nbugt afssbof g`st
Zfgfjt "Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs" mdx

Xrfss tef pusemuttdl - b g`st dn bgg nbugt afssbofs bppfbrs LDSF
Dljf bgg nbugt afssbofs ebvf mffl jdln`rafc, tef g`st w`te tef dpfrbt`lo stbtf
afssbofs jbl bgsd mf dpflfc w`te tef JBVS@DL kfy.
^`fw nbugt afssbof tfxt
Zfgfjt rfqu`rfc n`fgc

Xrfss pusemuttdl - tef jdrrfspdlc`lo tfxt afssbof bppfbrs `l tef gbrof afssbof w`lcdw
:.8
:.82.
2.86
86 Dp
Dpfr
frbt
bt`l
`lo
osstb
tbtf
tf afs
fss
sbo
bofs
fs ng
ngb
bse jdc
dcf
f ((ab
abje
je`l
`lf)
f)
Sef abje`lf `s fqu`ppfc w`te b adl`tdr`lo systfa.
fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr su
suppgy,
ppgy, stbrt`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf,
flo`lf, dr cur-
cur-
`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl, afssbofs dl tef stbtf dn tef abje`lf jbl mf c`spgbyfc.
Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
 B wbrl`lo edrl
edrl sdulcs
sdulcs ndr 6 sfjdl
sfjdlcs,
cs,
LDSF
@n
teflddl-mdbrc
tfxt afssbof bppfbrs
jdaputfr (f.o. `nrfadvfc)
ebs mffl tef dl-mdbrc
tefl jdaputfr c`spgby `s jbl
tef nbugt afssbofs cfnfjt`vf dr
bgsd mf
rfbc dut us`lo b ngbse jdcf.
AB]O@L
 Bs sddl bs tef rfc GFC 2 gòets

gòets up, te`s `lc`jbtfs
`lc`jbtfs b nbugt ebs
ebs mffl ndulc
ndulc dl
jdltrdg ul`t 2.
AB]O@L
 Bs sddl bs tef rfc GFC = gòets

gòets up, te`s `lc`jbtfs
`lc`jbtfs b nbugt ebs
ebs mffl ndulc
ndulc dl
jdltrdg ul`t =.
Fxbapgf9
 MGDJK [BQ
GFC 2 mg`lks ? tàfs
Xbusf 2.6 sfjdlcs.
GFC 2 mg`lks 2 tàfs
Xbusf 2.6 sfjdlcs.
GFC 2 mg`lks : tàfs
Sef GFC gòets ndr b pfr`dc dn 6 sfjdlcs mftwffl tef mgdjks [BQ
[BQ blc
blc [MQ
[MQ..
Dpfrbt`dl
 MGDJK [MQ
GFC 2 mg`lks 2 tàfs
Xbusf 2.6 sfjdlcs.
GFC 2 mg`lks > tàfs LDSF
Sef rfgfvblt GFC ngbsefs 28 tàfs ndr bl dutput dn tef luamfr "8".
Frrdr jdcf ?2:-2> (b`r n`gtfr) wbs

n`gtfr) wbs cftfra`lfc `l tef fxbapgf.
 Cftfra`lf tef jbusf dn tef nbugt (sff "Sbmgf" ngbse
ngbse jdcf (abje`lf) - rfbc dnn
tef jdrrfspdlc`lo afssbof.
AB]O@L
LDSF
Sef ngbse jdcf ndr jdltrdg ul`t = (rfc GFC =) `s rfbc dut bjjdrc`logy w`te tef
sbaf wdrk`lo prdjfcurf.
:.82.8> C`boldst`j systfa

Zyamdg Jdgdur Ztbtus
@lputs dn tef dl-mdbrc orby @lbjt`vf
jdaputfr
orffl Bjt`vf
rfc Nbugt
Dutputs dn tef dl-mdbrc orby @lbjt`vf

jdaputfr
orffl Bjt`vf
rfc Nbugt
yfggdw Zedrt j`rju`t
rfc, orffl Jbmgf mrfbk, dutput bjt`vf
yfggdw, o
orrffl Zedrt j
j``rju`t, d
du
utput b
bj
jt`vf
Dpfrbt`dl
f.o. a`gg`lo crua jgutje AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (3.:.2).
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdtbry muttdl - tef bcibjflt sjrffl bppfbrs (3.:.2.2 - A`gg`lo crua
jgutje DL/DNN).
 C`bolds`s-spfj`n`j
C`bolds`s-spfj`n`j cbtb jbl mf rfbc dut `l tef "@lputs / dutputs" n`fgc.
LDSF
Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef ròet dr gfnt td c`spgby bcc`t`dlbg `lndrabt`dl.
]fjt`ny bly nbugt, `n lfjfssbry jdltbjt _@]SOFL justdafr sfrv`jf.
:.82.8? Idm cbtb

Idm cbtb (cftb`g / tdtbg)
C`spgby a`gg`lo w`cte / a`gg`lo cfpte
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.>.2 - Idm cbtb sfgfjt`dl a`gg`lo w`cte).
 Zfgfjt prfsft a`gg`lo w`cte dn tef jdrrfspdlc`lo cds`lo ul`t ndr jbgjugbt`lo tef
idm cbtb.
Idm cbtb cftb`g

Dpfrbt`dl
LDSF
"Idm cbtb cftb`g"

cftb`g" sedws vbgufs tebt brf c`spgbyfc cur`lo cb`gy dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl
(dpt`dlbggy bgsd `l VZ stblcbrc afbsurfaflts)9
 2 1 C`stbljf cr`vfl `l aftrfs (a).
 = 1 A`ggfc surnbjf `l squbrf aftrfs (a½).
 : 1 A`ggfc abtfr`bg `l jum`j aftrfs (aº).
 3 1 A`ggfc badult `l tdllfs (t).
 6 1 A`gg`lo w`cte `l a`ggàftrfs (aa).
 > 1 A`gg`lo cfpte `l a`ggàftrfs (aa).
 ? 1 Cfls`ty `l k`gdorbas pfr jum`j aftrf (ko/aº).
 5 1 A`ggfc qublt`ty ndr cds`lo ul`t "@" `l pfrjflt / g`trfs (% / g).
 0 1 A`ggfc qublt`ty ndr cds`lo ul`t "@@" `l pfrjflt / k`gdorbas (% / ko) - w`te
faugs`dl `l g`trfs (g).
 28 1 A`ggfc qublt`ty ndr cds`lo ul`t "@@+" `l pfrjflt / g`trfs (% / g).
Idm cbtb tdtbg
LDSF
"Idm cbtb tdtbg"

tdtbg" sedws juaugbt`vf vbgufs ndr tef flt`rf dpfrbt`lo tàf (dpt`dl-
bggy bgsd `l VZ stblcbrc afbsurfaflts)9
 2 1 C`stbljf cr`vfl `l aftrfs (a).
 = 1 A`ggfc surnbjf `l squbrf aftrfs (a½).
 : 1 A`ggfc abtfr`bg `l jum`j aftrfs (aº).
 3 1 A`ggfc badult `l tdllfs (t).
 6 1 A`gg`lo w`cte `l a`ggàftrfs (aa).
 > 1 A`gg`lo cfpte `l a`ggàftrfs (aa).
 ? 1 Cfls`ty `l k`gdorbas pfr jum`j aftrf (ko/aº).
 5 1 A`ggfc qublt`ty ndr cds`lo ul`t "@" `l g`trfs (g).
 0 1 A`ggfc qublt`ty ndr cds`lo ul`t "@@" `l k`gdorbas (ko) - w`te faugs`dl `l g`trfs
(g).
 28 1 A`ggfc qublt`ty ndr cds`lo ul`t "@@+" `l g`trfs (g).
Dpfrbt`dl
LDSF
 Sef c`stbljf `s jbgjugbtfc butdabt`jbggy my tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr.

 Sef brfb, tef vdguaf blc tef wfòet brf jbgjugbtfc.
 Sef bjjurbjy dn tefsf jbgjugbtfc vbgufs sòl`n`jbltgy cfpflcs dl tef `lput
vbgufs ndr tef a`gg`lo cfpte, a`gg`lo w`cte blc cfls`ty dn tef abtfr`bg td mf
a`ggfc.
:.82.85 Xr`ltfr
@n rfqu`rfc, wdrk-spfj`n`j cbtb (idm cbtb) jbl mf pr`ltfc.
Bjt`vbtf pr`ltfr AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.>.>).

 Vsf tef rdtbry muttdl td sfgfjt tef "@lndrabt`dl afssbofs dl/dnn" n`fgc.
 Zw`tje dl afssbofs (bjt`vbtf).
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.?.5).

 Zfgfjt tef "Xr`ltfr" n`fgc w`te tef rdtbry muttdl.
 Zw`tje dl pr`ltfr (bjt`vbtf).
AB]O@L
Ztbrt pr`lt`lo
 Zfgfjt sjrffl.
 Zw`tje dl pr`ltfr.
 Zft td "Xr`lt idm cbtb" td "yfs" blc stbrt pr`lt`lo.
Dpfrbt`dl
C`fsfg flo`lf
 Fxbapgf dn b pr`ltdut dn spfj`n`j idm cbtb.
:.8= C`fsfg flo`lf

:.8=.82 Ztbrt`lo tef c`fsfg fl
flo`lf AB]O@L
 Mfndrf stbrt`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf, `t `s fssflt`bg td abkf surf tebt tef
seut-dnn vbgvf `l tef nufg g`lf `s dpflfc.
AB]O@L
 Zw`tje dl tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy - `lsfrt kfy blc pgbjf `l jfltrbg pds`-
t`dl.
Dpfrbt`dl
C`fsfg flo`lf
AB]O@L
Sef yfggdw GFC blc tef orffl GFC gòet up.
AB]O@L
Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s rfbcy td mf stbrtfc, bs sddl bs tef yfggdw GFC `s sw`tjefc
dnn.
AB]O@L
 Zdulc bjdust`j wbrl`lo sòlbg.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef orffl pusemuttdl blc stbrt tef c`fsfg flo`lf.
LDSF
• Augt`pgf bttfapts bt stbrt`lo w`gg c`sjebrof tef mbttfry.

• Gfbvf c`fsfg flo`lf td rul ndr bpprdx. : td 6 a`lutfs bt gdw `cgf spffc
AB]O@L
@ljrfbsf / rfcujf c`fsfg flo`lf spffc

 Adv`lo tef augt`-nuljt`dl idyst`jk nrda tef "8" pds`t`dl ndrwbrcs dr mbjkwbrcs
butdabt`jbggy `ljrfbsfs tef c`fsfg flo`lf spffc, blc bciusts `t td tef spffc
dn tef abje`lf.
 Adv`lo tef augt`-nuljt`dl idyst`jk td tef "8" pds`t`dl butdabt`jbggy rfcujfs
tef c`fsfg flo`lf spffc td tef spfj`n`fc `cg`lo spffc.
Dpfrbt`dl
C`fsfg flo`lf
Bgtfrlbt`vfgy, tef c`fsfg f

Bgtfrlbt`vfgy, flo`lf
lo`lf spffc
spffc jbl mf bciustfc
bciustfc us`lo tef "Flo`lf jdltrdg
ul`t" jdltrdg pblfg. AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ròet muttdl blc `ljrfbsf tef spffc.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ròet muttdl blc rfcujf tef flo`lf spffc.
LDSF
 Dmsfrvf tef c`spgby `lstruaflts cur`lo tef wbra`lo-up pebsf.
 Xfrndra v`subg jefjks ndr gfbks.

 @n tefrf `s b abgnuljt`dl, b nbugt afssbof bppfbrs dl tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr
c`spgby. Sef rfc GFC dl tef "C`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg" jdltrdg pblfg gòets up
blc bl bgbra muzzfr sdulcs. @cflt`ny tef nbugt, rfjt`ny tef nbugt àafc`btfgy dr
`lndra _@]SOFL Justdafr Zfrv`jf
:.8=.8= Zw`tje`lo d
dnnn te
tef c
c``fsfg f
fl
lo`lf AB]O@L
 Advf tef augt`-nuljt`dl idyst`jk td "8" (tef c`fsfg flo`lf spffc crdps td `cg`lo
spffc) blc gft tef flo`lf rul w`tedut gdbc `l drcfr td jddg cdwl.
LDSF
@n tef flo`lf `s sw`tjefc dnn àafc`btfgy bntfr rull`lo bt nugg gdbc, `t jbl dvfr-
efbt, rfsugt`lo `l `ljrfbsfc wfbr dn pbrts.
Fxjfss`vf tfapfrbturfs `l tef a`ccgf pbrt dn tef turmdjebrofr rfsugt `l jbrmdl`s-
`lo dn d`g.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rfc c`fsfg flo`lf ZSDX muttdl blc edgc ult`g tef c`fsfg flo`lf ebs
stdppfc.
2=8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
C`fsfg flo`lf
AB]O@L
 Zft fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy td "DNN".

 ]fadvf tef òl`t`dl kfy.
LDSF
Dlgy turl kfy td DNN pds`t`dl blc rfadvf w`te c`fsfg flo`lf seut cdwl.
AB]O@L
FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tjefs aust dlgy mf usfc `l jbsf dn bl fafrofljy blc

ldt ndr ldrabggy sw`tje`lo dnn tef flo`lf.
LDSF
@n tef c`fsfg flo`lf `s sw`tjefc dnn w`te tef FAF]OFLJP ZSDX muttdl9
 Afjebl`jbg jdapdlflts brf fxpdsfc td `ljrfbsfc wfbr.

Fgfjtr`jbg blc eycrbug`j jdapdlflts aby mf cbabofc.
:.8=.8: Ztbrt`lo w`te iuap gfbcs

2. Xrfpbrbt`dl AB]O@L
 Flsurf tebt tef mbttfr`fs ebvf sbaf lda`lbg vdgtbof.

 Vsf iuap gfbcs w`te `lsugbtfc pdgf jgbaps blc b jrdss sfjt`dl dn bt gfbst =6
aa½.
 Sef pdgf jgbaps dn dlf jbmgf aust ldt tduje tedsf dn tef dtefr jbmgf.
 Cd ldt c`sjdllfjt b c`sjebrofc mbttfry nrda tef fgfjtr`jbg systfa dn tef vfe`-
jgf.
 Sef vfe`jgf prdv`c`lo tef iuap stbrt blc tef vfe`jgf rfjf`v`lo tef iuap stbrt
aust ldt tduje fbje dtefr.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2=2 / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
C`fsfg flo`lf
=. Jdllfjt`lo tef jbmgfs

 Zft tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy dn tef vfe`jgf rfjf`v`lo tef iuap stbrt td DNN.
 N`rst jdllfjt tef pds`t`vf jbmgf td tef pds`t`vf tfra`lbg [+Q
[+Q dl
dl tef fxtfrlbg
pdwfr sdurjf.
 Jdllfjt tef dtefr flc dn tef pds`t`vf jbmgf td tef pds`t`vf jdllfjt`dl [+Q prd-
[+Q prd-
v`cfc (pugg dnn prdtfjt`vf jbp).
 Sefl jdllfjt tef lfobt`vf jbmgf td tef lfobt`vf tfra`lbg [+Q dl
[+Q dl tef fxtfrlbg
pdwfr sdurjf.
 Jdllfjt tef dtefr flc dn tef lfobt`vf jbmgf td tef lfobt`vf jdllfjt`dl [ - Q
prdv`cfc. LDSF
Cd ldt jdllfjt tef [ - Q pdgf

Q pdgf jgbap td tef lfobt`vf pdgf dn tef c`sjebrofc mbttfry
(r`sk dn fxpgds`dl), mut bs nbr bwby nrda tef c`sjebrofc mbttfry bs pdss`mgf.
Xds`t`dl tef jbmgfs sd tebt tefy w`gg ldt mf sf`zfc my rdtbt`lo pbrts blc jbl mf
rfadvfc gbtfr wefl tef c`fsfg flo`lf `s rull`lo.
:. Ztbrt`lo
 Ztbrt tef c`fsfg flo`lf dn tef vfe`jgf prdv`c`lo tef iuap stbrt blc rul `t bt
afcùa flo`lf spffc.
 Ztbrt tef c`fsfg flo`lf dn tef vfe`jgf rfjf`v`lo tef iuap stbrt bntfr bmdut 6
a`lutfs.
 Gft mdte c`fsfg flo`lfs rul ndr bt gfbst : a`lutfs bt afcùa flo`lf spffc
w`te jdllfjtfc iuap gfbcs.
2== / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
3. ]fadv`lo tef iuap gfbcs
 @l drcfr td prfvflt dvfrgdbcs `l tef fgfjtr`jbg systfa mfndrf rfadv`lo tef

iuap gfbcs,
gfbcs, sw`tje dl bl f fgfjtr`jbg
gfjtr`jbg gdbc dl tef vfe`jgf
vfe`jgf rfjf`v`lo tef
tef iuap
stbrt (f.o. efbcgòet, nbl).
 ]fadvf tef iuap gfbcs `l tef sbaf wby `l tef dppds`tf wdrk`lo prdjfcurf.
 Bntfr tef iuap
iuap gfbcs ebvf mffl rfadvfc,
rfadvfc, rfturl
rfturl tef prdtfjt`vf
prdtfjt`vf jbp td tef
tef
pds`t`vf jdllfjt`dl [ + Q.
Q.
:.8: Dpfrbtdr's stblc

:.8:.82 Jbm`l / b
b``r jdlc`t`dlfr / efbtfr
B`r-jdlc`t`dl`lo/vflt`gbt`dl/ Sef b`r jdlc`t`dlfr nuljt`dls bs b vflt`gbt`dl systfa. Nrfse b`r `s bgwbys sup-
efbt`lo systfa pg`fc v`b tef efbtfr. Sef mfst jddg`lo fnnfjt `s bje`fvfc `n cddrs blc w`lcdws dn
tef jbm`l brf jgdsfc.
_@]SOFL rfjdaaflcs bl b`r tfapfrbturf dn bpprdxàbtfgy ==¸J w`te`l tef
jbm`l. Ndr fxtrfafgy eòe bam`flt tfapfrbturfs tef `ltfrlbg tfapfrbturf sedugc
ldt mf gdwfr tebl >¸J mfgdw bam`flt tfapfrbturf (f.o. ndr bl bam`flt tfapfrb-
turf dn :=¸J tef `ltfrlbg tfapfrbturf sedugc ldt mf jddgfc td gdwfr tebl =>¸J).
Sef jbm`l cddr sedugc mf dpflfc ndr = - : a`lutfs mfndrf tef b`r jdlc`t`dlfr `s
sw`tjefc dl `l drcfr td bggdw wbra b`r (bjjuaugbtfc efbt) td fsjbpf nrda tef
jbm`l. Jgdsf tef cddr sumsfqufltgy.
AB]O@L
Cfv`jf
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 cfv`jf DL
 Xrfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 cfv`jf DNN
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2=: / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
AB]O@L
B`r jdlc`t`dlfr / efbtfr

efbtfr
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 bjt`vbtf ablubg dpfrbt`dlbg adcf - jeblof dvfr mftwffl
efbt`lo blc b`r-jdlc`t`dl`lo dpfrbt`dlbg adcfs (`l rf-efbt adcf, b`r jdlc`-
t`dlfr DNN / DL)
 Xrfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 bjt`vbtf efbtfr dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
Nbl
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 jeblof dvfr nrda ablubg td butdabt`j mgdwfr dpfrbt`dl
(bjt`vbtf ablubg mgdwfr bciustaflt)
 Xrfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 jeblof dvfr nrda butdabt`j td ablubg mgdwfr dpfr-
bt`dl
AB]O@L
Lda`lbg tfapfrbturf / mgdwfr spffc

 Xrfss tef tdp muttdl 1 `ljrfbsf lda`lbg tfapfrbturf / mgdwfr spffc
 Xrfss tef mdttda muttdl 1 rfcujf lda`lbg tfapfrbturf / mgdwfr spffc
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
AB]O@L
]f-efbt (cfeua`c`ny)
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 rf-efbt dpfrbt`dl DL
 Xrfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 rf-efbt dpfrbt`dl DNN
AB]O@L
B`r jdlc`t`dlfr/mgdwfr
jdlc`t`dlfr/mgdwfr jdltrdg
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 bjt`vbtf nuggy butdabt`j dpfrbt`dlbg adcf (butdabt`j dpfr-
bt`dlbg adcf sfgfjt`dl bs wfgg bs butdabt`j mgdwfr jdltrdg)
AB]O@L
B`r ngdw ldzzgfs

 Bciust tef b`r ngdw ldzzgfs su
suje
je tebt b`r cdfs
cdfs ldt mgdw c`rfjtgy
c`rfjtgy dltd tef
tef ab-
je`lf dpfrbtdr.
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
AB]O@L
Nrdlt w`lcdw w`pfr

 Xrfss tef tdp dn tef rdjkfr sw`tje 1 w`lcdw w`pfr DL
 Xrfss tef tdp dn tef rdjkfr sw`tje bob`l 1 w`lcdw w`pfr DNN
AB]O@L
Nrdlt w`lcdw wbsefr

 Xrfss blc edgc tef mdttda dn tef rdjkfr sw`tje 1 w`lcdw wbsefr DL
 ]fgfbsf tef mdttda dn tef rdjkfr sw`tje 1 w`lcdw wbsefr DNN
AB]O@L
Z`cf w`lcdw w`pfr

2=> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
AB]O@L
Z`cf w`lcdw wbsefr

AB]O@L
]fbr w`lcdw w`pfr

AB]O@L
]fbr w`lcdw wbsefr

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2=? / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Jbm`l efbtfr (w`tedut b`r

jdlc`t`dlfr)
AB]O@L
Nbl
 ]dtbry kldm td A@L 1 wfbk b`r ngdw
 ]dtbry kldm td ABU 1 strdlo b`r ngdw
AB]O@L
Efbtfr (efbt`lo pdwfr)

 Zft rdtbry kldm td A@L 1 ld efbt`lo pdwfr
 Zft rdtbry kldm td ABU 1 abxàua efbt`lo pdwfr
:.8:.8= Fxtfr`dr gòet`lo

Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje stbof 2 1 gòet`lo j`rju`t 2 DL (gbaps ndr jbm`l nrdlt
tdp, gbaps ndr weffg jdlsdgfs rfbr)
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje stbof = 1 gòet`lo j`rju`t = DL (gbaps ndr jbm`l nrdlt
tdp, gbaps ndr weffg jdlsdgfs rfbr, gbaps ndr jebss`s rfbr ròet/gfnt, gbaps ndr
jebss`s nrdlt ròet/gfnt)
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje gfnt 1 gòet`lo j`rju`ts 2 blc = jdapgftfgy DNN
_fgjdaf & od edaf gòet AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 gòet`lo "U" DL (gbap `l jbm`l, gbap `l nrdlt brfb g`nt`lo
jdguals, gbap `l rfbr brfb g`nt`lo jdguals)
 Xrfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 gòet`lo "U" DNN
LDSF
Sef "wfgjdaf & od edaf gòet" rfab`ls g`t ndr abx. = a`lutfs (fvfl wefl tef
fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy `s sw`tjefc dnn).
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
:.8:.8: Jbafrb / adl`tdr systfa
[2Q Jbafrb (duts`cf brfb gfnt) [=Q Jbafrb (a`gg`lo crua / a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr
nrdlt brfb)
[:Q Jbafrb (a`gg`lo crua / a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr rfbr [3Q Jbafrb (brfb mfe`lc tef abje`lf / rfvfrsf
brfb) trbvfg)
_B]L@LO
Cblofr dn `liury
Jbafrb blc adl`tdr systfas aust ldt mf usfc bs sbnfty cfv`jfs td cftfjt pfr-
sdls dr dmstbjgfs.
B systfa dn te`s k`lc
k`lc `s dlgy bggdw
bggdwfc
fc td mf usf
usfcc ndr dmsfrv`lo
dmsfrv`lo tef nrdlt
nrdlt blc rfbr
rfbr
a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs (JBA =+:), tef gfnt s`cf dn tef abje`lf (JBA 2) blc/dr ndr
qubg`ty jdltrdg dn tef wdrk`lo rfsugt, dr cur`lo rfvfrsf trbvfg (JBA 3).
Cur`lo rfvfrsf trbvfg (JBA 3), tef abje`lf dutg`lfs jbl prdifjt mfydlc tef c`s-
pgbyfc g`lfs cfpflc`lo dl tef s`tubt`dl.
Xfrsdls dr dmstbjgfs jdugc mf dvfrgddkfc. ]`sk dn nbtbg `liury.
 Vsf bl bss`stblt td adl`tdr cblofr brfbs.
 Jbafrb blc adl`tdr systfas aust ldt mf usfc td sbnfoubrc tef cblofr
brfb.
2:8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
 Bciust tef adl`tdr

adl`tdr sd teb
tebtt ld rfngfjt`dls
rfngfjt`dls djjur.
Jbafrb 3 (rfbr brfb) ]fvfrs`lo jbafrb / rfvfrs`lo bss`stblt

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2:2 / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
AB]O@L
 Se`s jbafrb suppg`fs p`jturfs dn webt `s ebppfl`lo mfe`lc tef abje`lf.

 Sef p`jturf nrda jbafrb 3 `s sedwl butdabt`jbggy dl tef c`spgby cur`lo rf-
vfrsf trbvfg.
 Bs bss`stbljf ndr tef cr`vfr
cr`vfr,, dr`fltbt`dl g`lfs (rfvfrs`lo
(rfvfrs`lo bss`stblts)
bss`stblts) brf bgsd
prdifjtfc dltd tef rfvfrs`lo p`jturf.
 Sef gdlo dr`fltbt`dl g`lfs (B) `l tef trbvfg c`rfjt`dl brf bl fxtfls`dl dn tef
abje`lf
rfbr. trblspdrt w`cte (rfbr brfb dn tef abje`lf) my bpprdx. 0 a td tef
 Sef sedrt dr`fltbt`dl g`lfs (M2 … M:) jrdsswbys td tef trbvfg c`rfjt`dl brf
usfc ndr fstàbt`lo c`stbljfs; g`lf M2 `s bmdut 2 a mfe`lc tef abje`lf. G`lf
M= `s bmdut : a mfe`lc tef abje`lf blc g`lf M: `s bmdut 0 a mfe`lc tef ab-
je`lf.
 Cfpflc`lo dl tef sft stffr`lo adcf blc tef sfgfjtfc stffr`lo blogf, tef dr`-
fltbt`dl g`lfs c`spgby tef pbte dn tef abje`lf `l tef trbvfg c`rfjt`dl. @t sedugc
mf ldtfc tebt tef bjjurbjy dn tef dr`fltbt`dl g`lfs c`rfjtgy mfe`lc tef abje`lf
(M2) `s orfbtfr blc cfjg`lfs jdrrfspdlc`logy w`te `ljrfbs`lo c`stbljf (M:).
 Sef dr`fltbt`dl g`lfs brf dlgy c`spgbyfc `l tef butdabt`j stffr`lo adcfs
(J]BM, N]DLS, JDD]C@LBSF).
JDD]C@LBSF).
 Sef dr`fltbt`dl g`lfs brf e`ccfl cur`lo ablubg stffr`lo dn tef rfbr weffgs.
 Bntfr tef rfbr
rfbr weffgs eb
ebvf
vf cr`vfl terduoe
terduoe tef dmstbjgf dr tef
tef mdttgflfjk,
mdttgflfjk, dm-
sfrvf nurtefr pbssbof dn tef flt`rf abje`lf terduoe tef mdttgflfjk (f.o. us-
`lo tef rfbr-v`fw a`rrdrs).
 Nba`g`br`sf ydursfgn w`te tef nuljt`dl dn tef rfvfrs`lo bss`stblt `l b sbnf brfb.
Sef gòet`lo blc v`s`m`g`ty jdlc`t`dls sedugc mf oddc.
2:= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
AB]O@L
 sjbllfc brfb
AB]O@L
 ldl-sjbllfc brfb
LDS@JF
 Jbafrb 3 cdfs ldt rfjdrc tef brfb ulcfr tef abje`lf, `l pbrt`jugbr `t cdfs
ldt jbpturf tef brfb mftwffl tef a`gg`lo crua edus`lo blc tef rfbr weffgs.
 Sef rfvfrs`lo bss`stblt `s ldt b sbnfty cfv`jf ndr cftfjt`lo pfdpgf dr dmstb-
jgfs.
 Bppd`lt b gddk-dut
gddk-dut `l drcfr
drcfr td adl`tdr
adl`tdr brfbs
brfbs tebt jblldt mf
mf v`fwfc, dr ndr
we`je v`s`m`g`ty `s pddr.
 Sef rfvfrs`lo bss`stblt cdfs ldt rfpgbjf tef rfqu`rfaflt ndr tef dpfrbtdr td
rfab`l bttflt`vf. ]fspdls`m`g`ty cur`lo rfvfrsf trbvfg blc jdapbrbmgf ab-
ldfuvrfs g`fs fxjgus`vfgy w`te tef dpfrbtdr.
 Sef dpfrbtdr aust bgwbys kffp tef flt`rf brfb brdulc tef vfe`jgf `l v`fw, `l-
jguc`lo my usf dn tef rfbr-v`fw a`rrdrs.
 Sef rfvfrs`lo jbafrb blc rfvfrs`lo bss`stblt sedugc dlgy mf usfc bs bss`s-
tbljf wefl tefy prdv`cf b oddc, jgfbr àbof. Dljda`lo gòet, cbrklfss dr
c`rt jbl àpb`r tef àbof, ndr fxbapgf.
 @n tef pds`t`dl dr tef `lstbggbt`dl blogf dn tef jbafrb `s jeblofc (f.o. cba-
bof) tefl tef rfvfrs`lo bss`stblt `s ld gdlofr bggdwfc td mf usfc (ndr rfb-
sdls dn sbnfty). Sef systfa aust tefl mf jefjkfc my trb`lfc _`rtofl Zfrv`jf
tfjel`j`bls.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2:: / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
LDS@JF
Dmifjts jbl bppfbr lfbrfr dr nurtefr bwby `l tef c`spgby, `n9
 Sef vfe`jgf `s rfvfrs`lo nrda b edr`zdltbg surnbjf cdwl dr up b sgdpf.
 Sef vfe`jgf `s rfvfrs`lo tdwbrcs prdifjt`lo dmifjts (f.o. dmifjts tebt brf ldt
tduje`lo tef ordulc, suje bs trb`gfr jdupg`los, ftj.).
LDS@JF
Sef bjjurbjy dn tef dr`fltbt`dl g`lfs `s rfcujfc `n9
 Dmifjts brf nurtefr mbjk mfe`lc tef abje`lf.
 Sef jbafrb cdfs ldt prdv`cf b rfg`bmgf àbof (pddr v`s`m`g`ty jdlc`t`dls, jdlt-
ba`lbtfc gfls, ftj.).
 Sef àbof jblldt mf sffl cuf td sulse`lf nbgg`lo dl tef c`spgby dr tef gfls
bt bl ulnbvdurbmgf blogf.
Jbafrb : (brfb dn rfbr a`gg`lo

crua sjrbpfr)
AB]O@L
 Se`s jbafrb sedws wefl dmstbjgfs `l tef trbjk ebvf mffl dvfrjdaf, blc `s
usfc ndr bssfss`lo tef qubg`ty dn tef pgbjfc abtfr`bg.
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Jbafrb = (brfb dn nrdlt

a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr)
AB]O@L
 Se`s jbafrb sedws dmstbjgfs dr m`lcfr sprfbc `l nrdlt, blc bggdws bjjurbtf
dvfrgbpp`lo w`te tef wdrk`lo fcof bs wfgg bs prfj`sf stbrt`lo.
Jbafrb 2 (brfb dn gfnt s`cf dn

tef abje`lf)
AB]O@L
 Se`s jbafrb `s usfc ndr prfj`sfgy bpprdbje`lo gà`ts bt tef s`cf, ndr fxbapgf.
Dpfrbt`dl
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Jbafrb pds`t`dls
@t `s pdss`mgf td sw`tje dvfr mftwffl tef c`nnfrflt jbafrb brfbs dl tef adl`tdr
c`spgby
. . . f`tefr AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef "Jbafrb" muttdl dl tef adl`tdr blc jeblof dvfr td tef rfqu`rfc
v`fw`lo brfb
dr . . . AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef "Jbafrb" muttdl dl tef augt`-nuljt`dl idyst`jk blc jeblof dvfr td
tef rfqu`rfc v`fw`lo brfb
2:> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
:.83 A`gg`lo crua ul`t

:.83.82 A`gg`lo c
crrua rrd
dtbt`dl s
sp
pffc
Dvfrv`fw sjrffl (a`gg`lo Cfpflc`lo dl tef wdrk`lo jdlc`t`dls, tef a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl spffc jbl mf
crua rdtbt`dl spffc st`jkfr) jeblofc my vbry`lo tef brrblofaflt dn cr`vf mfgt puggfys bs wfgg bs tef c`fsfg
flo`lf spffc.
Ndr tef `lc`v`cubg spffcs, pgfbsf rfnfr td tef st`jkfr bnn`xfc `l tef jdvfr.
Sef dutg`lfc brrblofaflt dn cr`vf mfgt puggfys blc tef rdtbt`dl spffcs rfnfr td
tef mbs`j sftt`lo.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2:? / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Fxjeblo`lo cr`vf mfgt puggfys Mbs`j rfqu`rfaflt9

 Sef a`gg`lo crua `s ldt bggdwfc td ebvf bly ordulc jdltbjt.
 Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s sw`tjefc dnn blc sbnfoubrcfc bob`lst ulbutedr`sfc
stbrt`lo (w`tecrbw òl`t`dl kfy).
 Dpfl tef nrdlt jdvfr.
 Dpfl tef a`ccgf jdvfr.

Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 ]fadvf tef prdtfjt`vf jdvfr bt tef rfbr (gddsfl blc rfadvf tef sjrfws).
 ]fadv`lo cr`vf mfgts

Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 Jeblof cr`vf mfgt puggfys td bje`fvf rfqu`rfc spffc.

LDSF
_efl gdds`lo tef sjrfws, usf tef suppg`fc `lstbggbt`dl p`l "U" td prfvflt tef
cr`vf mfgt puggfys nrda turl`lo.
 N`t cr`vf mfgts LDSF
@t `s fssflt`bg td flsurf prdpfr sfbt dn tef cr`vf mfgts.

Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Bciust`lo tef tfls`dlfr

tfls`dlfr rdggfr stdppfr
 Vlcd jdultfr lut blc bciust tfls`dlfr rdggfr us`lo tef bciust`lo sjrfw suje
tebt tef cr`vf mfgts jblldt tduje tef jdvfr dr iuap dut dn tef orddvfs `l tef
ultfls`dlfc stbtf.
 Sòetfl jdultfr lut.
 @lstbgg tef prdtfjt`vf jdvfr bt tef rfbr (sjrfw `l blc tòetfl tef sjrfws).
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 Jgdsf blc gdjk tef a`ccgf blc nrdlt jdvfrs.
:.83.8= A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr rfbr LDSF
Sef rfbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr jbl mf dpfrbtfc `l = dpfrbt`dlbg adcfs9

A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr "gdjkfc"
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr "ngdbt`lo"
AB]O@L
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr "gdjkfc"

 Xrfss tef muttdl ult`g tef orffl GFC odfs dut.
 Bntfr dpfl`lo
dpfl`lo dr jgds`lo tef a`gg`lo c
crua
rua sjrbpfr
sjrbpfr rfab`ls
rfab`ls `l tef rfspfjt`vf
rfspfjt`vf
pds`t`dl blc `s sfjurfc.
 Bppg`jbt`dl9 f.o.
f.o. tddg fxjeb
fxjeblof,
lof, dtefr ab`ltflbljf
ab`ltflbljf wdrk dl tef
tef a`gg`lo crua.
crua.
AB]O@L
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr "ngdbt`lo"


Xrfss tef muttdl ult`g tef orffl GFC gòets up.
 Sef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr `s bgwbys cr`vfl tdwbrcs tef "jgdsfc" pds`t`dl cuf
td tef sft jyg`lcfr prfssurf, mut jbl dpfl `lcfpflcfltgy `n jdrrfspdlc`lo
jdultfr prfssurf nrda tef abtfr`bg `s fxpfr`fljfc. Bppg`jbt`dl9 f.o. butdabt`j
saddte`lo / pgbl`lo dn ordulc dr a`xfc abtfr`bg.
Zftt`lo tef prfssurf AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.2.6).

 Zfgfjt tef "Lda`lbg prfssurf a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft jdltbjt prfssurf 8-288%.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
LDSF
_drk `l tef a`gg`lo crua brfb aust dlgy mf pfrndrafc `n mdte sw`tjefs "Sddg
fxjeblof" (c`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg pblfg / tddg fxjeblof jdltrdg pblfg) brf
sw`tjefc td DL.
AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Advf mdte kfy sw`tjefs td "Sddg fxjeblof DL"
LDSF
Sef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr `s dlgy bggdwfc td mf dpflfc dr jgdsfc wefl gdjkfc.
AB]O@L
AB]O@L
Dpfl`lo tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr

 Xrfss tef muttdl blc edgc `t ult`g tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl ebs mffl rfbjefc.
AB]O@L
Jgds`lo tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr

 . . . dr cur`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
AB]O@L
 . . . Zft tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr td "Ngdbt`lo" (tef orffl GFC gòets up).
AB]O@L
Sef rfspfjt`vf pds`t`dl dn tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr jbl mf sffl dl tef c`spgby.
:.83.8: A`gg`lo c
crrua s
sj
jrbpfr nnrrdlt AB]O@L
Dpfl`lo tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr

LDSF
B jrusefr mbr
mbr `s bjt`vbtfc wefl tef nrd
nrdlt
lt a`gg`lo crua
crua sjrbpfr
sjrbpfr `s jgdsfc. Sef
jgdsfr tef mbr `s advfc td tef a`gg`lo crua, tef sabggfr tef pbrt`jgfs w`gg mf.
AB]O@L
Jgds`lo tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr

AB]O@L
Sef rfspfjt`vf pds`t`dl dn tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr jbl mf sffl dl tef c`spgby.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
:.8
:.83.
3.83
83 Bu
Butd
tdab
abt`
t`j
j st
stbr
brt`
t`l
lo/g
/g`n
`nt`
t`l
lo-
o-d
dut nu
nulj
ljt`
t`d
dl
Zft tef butdabt`j stbrt`lo
nuljt`dl A`gg`lo cfpte AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.=.2).

 Zfgfjt tef "A`gg`lo cfpte stbrt`lo" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft a`gg`lo cfpte.
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr nrdlt AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.=.=).

 Zfgfjt tef "Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr stbrt`lo pds`t`dl" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft pds`t`dl ndr stbrt`lo.
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr rfbr AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.=.:).

 Zfgfjt tef "]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr stbrt`lo pds`t`dl" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft pds`t`dl ndr stbrt`lo.
Zft tef butdabt`j g`nt`lo-dut

nuljt`dl Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr (ndrwbrcs trbvfg)
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.:.2).

 Zfgfjt tef "Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr g`nt`lo dut ndrwbrcs" n`fgc w`te tef bc-
iustfr.
 Zft pds`t`dl ndr g`nt`lo dut.
]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr (ndrwbrcs trbvfg)

AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.:.=).

 Zfgfjt tef "]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr g`nt`lo dut ndrwbrcs" n`fgc w`te tef bc-
iustfr.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
C`stbljf (ndrwbrcs trbvfg) AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.:.:).

 Zfgfjt tef "C`stbljf butdabt`j g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl ndrwbrcs" n`fgc w`te tef bc-
iustfr.
 Zft rfqu`rfc c`stbljf ndr g`nt`lo dut.
Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr (rfvfrsf trbvfg)

AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr g`nt`lo dut mbjkwbrcs" n`fgc w`te tef bc-
iustfr.
]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr (rfvfrsf trbvfg)

AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr g`nt`lo dut mbjkwbrcs" n`fgc w`te tef bc-
iustfr.
C`stbljf (rfvfrsf trbvfg) AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.:.>).

 Zfgfjt tef "C`stbljf butdabt`j g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl mbjkwbrcs" n`fgc w`te tef
bciustfr.
 Zft rfqu`rfc c`stbljf ndr g`nt`lo dut.
Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr (butdabt`j flc)

AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.:.?).

 Zfgfjt tef "Nrdlt a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr butdabt`j flc" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft pds`t`dl ndr flc`lo butdabt`j.
]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr (butdabt`j flc)

AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "]fbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr butdabt`j flc" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft pds`t`dl ndr flc`lo butdabt`j.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Dpfrbt`dl dn tef butdabt`j Sef butdabt`j stbrt`lo nuljt`dl `s usfc td fbs`gy bje`fvf b prf-cfn`lfc a`gg`lo
stbrt`lo nuljt`dl cfpte wefl tef abje`lf `s bppg`fc td b lfw idm.
N`rst dn bgg, tef abje`lf odfs cdwl rbp`cgy, blc tef nrdlt blc rfbr a`gg`lo crua
sjrbpfrs advf td tef prfsfgfjtfc pds`t`dls. _efl tef g`nt`lo jdguals brf `l tef
wdrk`lo pds`t`dl, tef a`gg`lo crua `s advfc cdwl `ltd tef ordulc ult`g rfbje`lo
tef prdorbaafc wdrk`lo cfpte. Xrfss`lo tef idyst`jk ndrwbrcs jbusfs tef bc-
vbljf advfaflt td mf rfgfbsfc.
AB]O@L
 Sef : `lc`jbtdrs dl tef wdrk`lo sjrffl bppfbr w`te bl drblof mbjkordulc.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl muttdl - tef orffl GFC

ngbsefs . Sef butdabt`j stbrt`lo nuljt`dl `s `l stblc-my ndr 6 sfjdlcs.
AB]O@L
 Sef : `lc`jbtdrs `l tef wdrk`lo sjrffl ldw jeblof td b we`tf mbjkordulc.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef mdttda dn tef rdjkfr sw`tje w`te`l tef 6 sfjdlcs blc edgc - we`gst
tef rdjkfr sw`tje `s mf`lo efgc, tef orffl GFC gòets jdlt`ludusgy.
jdlt`ludusgy.
 Sef abje`lf advfs cdwl td tef gdwfr flc pds`t`dl - bt tef sbaf tàf,
tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs advf td tef prfsft pds`t`dl.

AB]O@L
 Sef : `lc`jbtdrs `l tef wdrk`lo sjrffl ldw jeblof nrda b we`tf td bl drblof
mbjkordulc - cfpflc`lo dl tef jurrflt pds`t`dl dn tef `lc`v`cubg fgfaflts
(prdorfss mbr).
AB]O@L
 _efl tef a`gg`lo crua `s gdwfrfc td tef prfsft a`gg`lo cfpte w`te tef idyst`jk,
tef rfbr a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr `s butdabt`jbggy bt NGDBS@LO - tef orffl GFC
gòets up.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
AB]O@L
 Jdlt`luf td edgc tef rdjkfr sw`tje - tef orffl GFC jdlt`lufs td mf g`t .
 Sef a`gg`lo crua `s gdwfrfc td tef prfsft a`gg`lo cfpte.
AB]O@L
 _efl tef prfsft a`gg`lo cfpte `s rfbjefc, tef orffl GFC odfs dut .
AB]O@L
 Dljf bgg fgfaflts ebvf rfbjefc tef prfsflt pds`t`dl, tef : `lc`jbtdrs `l tef
wdrk`lo sjrffl bppfbr w`te bl drblof mbjkordulc.
Dpfrbt`dl dn tef butdabt`j Sef butdabt`j g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl `s usfc ndr jgds`lo tef `lj`s`dl tebt `s prdcujfc
g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl bt tef flc dn fbje trbjk `l tef brfb dn tef a`gg`lo crua.
Sef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs advf td tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dls, cfpflc`lo dl weftefr
g`nt`lo dut `s tbk`lo pgbjf ndrwbrcs dr mbjkwbrcs.
B a`gg`lo crua
crua sjrbpfr jgdsfs tef `lj`s`dl
`lj`s`dl jdapgftfgy
jdapgftfgy we`gf tef abje`lf
abje`lf jdl-
t`lufs td advf ndr b nfw aftrfs. Bt tef sbaf tàf, tef a`gg`lo crua `s g`ntfc dut
sgdwgy blc tef g`nt`lo jdguals advf tef abje`lf td tef trblspdrt pds`t`dl.
AB]O@L
 Sef : `lc`jbtdrs dl tef wdrk`lo sjrffl bppfbr w`te bl drblof mbjkordulc.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl muttdl - tef orffl GFC

ngbsefs . Sef butdabt`j g`nt`lo-dut nuljt`dl `s `l stblc-my ndr 6 sfjdlcs.
AB]O@L
 Sef : `lc`jbtdrs `l tef wdrk`lo sjrffl ldw jeblof td b we`tf mbjkordulc.

Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef tdp dn tef rdjkfr sw`tje w`te`l 6 sfjdlcs - tef orffl GFC `s jdlt`l-
udusgy g`t .
AB]O@L
 Advf tef abje`lf ndrwbrcs dr `l rfvfrsf - cfpflc`lo dl tef s`tubt`dl dl s`tf.

 Sef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs rfab`l `l tef prfsft pds`t`dl.
 Sef a`gg`lo crua `s g`ntfc dut dn tef jut dvfr tef prfcfn`lfc trbvfg.
 Dljf tef a`gg`lo crua `s `l tef uppfradst pds`t`dl, tef efòet bciustaflt
advfs td tef uppfr flc pds`t`dl blc tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs advf td tef
"butd flc" pds`t`dl.
AB]O@L
 Sef : `lc`jbtdrs `l tef wdrk`lo sjrffl ldw jeblof nrda b we`tf td bl drblof
mbjkordulc - cfpflc`lo dl tef jurrflt pds`t`dl dn tef `lc`v`cubg fgfaflts
(prdorfss mbr).
AB]O@L
 Dljf bgg fgfaflts ebvf rfbjefc tef prfsflt pds`t`dl, tef : `lc`jbtdrs `l tef
wdrk`lo sjrffl bppfbr w`te bl drblof mbjkordulc.
:.83.86 "8" pds`t`dl

Zftt`lo up tef zfrd sftt`lo
LDS@JF
Sef abje`lf aust mf stblc`lo dl b gfvfg sum-mbsf, edr`zdltbg `l tef gbtfrbg blc
gdlo`tuc`lbg c`rfjt`dls.
Zw`tje dl tef a`gg`lo crua cr`vf
_B]L@LO
A`gg`lo crua cr`vf aust dlgy mf sw`tjefc dl w`te tef a`gg`lo crua g`ntfc blc rul-
l`lo nrff.
A`gg`lo crua cr`vf aust dlgy mf sw`tjefc dl w`te flo`lf spffc bt A@L.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
AB]O@L
(a`làua spffc)
 Surl tef muttdl td tef ròet ult`g tef GFC `l qufst`dl gòets up.
Gdwfr tef abje`lf AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje cdwl blc edgc `t ult`g tef abje`lf ebs gdwfrfc jda-
pgftfgy.
Gdwfr`lo tef a`gg`lo crua AB]O@L
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl ndrwbrcs blc edgc `t ult`g tef a`gg`lo crua gòetgy
sjrbpfs tef surnbjf td mf a`ggfc dl mdte s`cfs.
Yfrd tef a`gg`lo cfpte vbguf AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.2.2.:).
AB]O@L
 Xrfss kfy N= "ZFS".

 Zft vbguf td "8".
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Flc sftt`lo-up AB]O@L
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef rfbr blc edgc `t ult`g tef a`gg`lo crua ebs
rfbjefc tef rfqu`rfc efòet.
AB]O@L
Zw`tje`lo dnn tef a`gg`lo crua cr`vf

 Surl tef muttdl td tef gfnt ult`g tef GFC `l qufst`dl odfs dut
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje up blc edgc `t ult`g tef abje`lf ebs advfc up jda-
pgftfgy.
:.83.8> A`gg`lo cfpte LDSF
@n ydu cd ldt wblt tef a`gg`lo cfpte td sfgfjtfc us`lo tef butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt-
`lo-dut nuljt`dl tefl tef a`gg`lo crua jbl mf rb`sfc/gdwfrfc ablubggy.
]b`sf/gdwfr tef a`gg`lo crua AB]O@L
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef nrdlt blc edgc `t ult`g tef a`gg`lo crua ebs
rfbjefc tef rfqu`rfc cfpte.
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef rfbr blc edgc `t ult`g tef a`gg`lo crua ebs
rfbjefc tef rfqu`rfc efòet.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
:.83.8? A`gg`lo crua cr`vf

Zw`tje dl tef a`gg`lo crua
cr`vf
_B]L@LO
A`gg`lo crua cr`vf aust dlgy mf sw`tjefc dl w`te tef a`gg`lo crua g`ntfc blc rul-
l`lo nrff.
A`gg`lo crua cr`vf aust dlgy mf sw`tjefc dl w`te flo`lf spffc bt A@L.
AB]O@L
(abxàua spffc)
 Surl tef muttdl td tef ròet ult`g tef GFC `l qufst`dl gòets up
AB]O@L
(afcùa spffc)
AB]O@L
(a`làua spffc)
AB]O@L
Zw`tje`lo dnn tef a`gg`lo crua cr`vf

 Surl tef muttdl td tef gfnt ult`g tef GFC `l qufst`dl odfs dut
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
:.83.85 A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf LDSF
Sef jdltrdg pblfg `s n`ttfc w`te b abolft`j jgbap blc sedugc mf pds`t`dlfc w`te`l
rfbje dn tef dpfrbtdr.
Bntfr jdapgft`lo
jdapgft`lo tef jef
jefjk
jk dn tef a`gg`lo crua dr jeblo`lo
jeblo`lo tef
tef p`jks, tef jdltrdg
jdltrdg
pblfg aust mf c`sabltgfc blc stdwfc bwby prdpfrgy.
Sef "A`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf" jdltrdg pblfg `s dlgy bjt`vf bpprdxàbtfgy =8
sfjdlcs bntfr sw`tje`lo dl tddg fxjeblof (v`b tef "c`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg" jdltrdg
pblfg blc v`b tef "tddg fxjeblof" jdltrdg pblfg).
AB]O@L
Surl a`gg`lo crua td tef ròet

 Xrfss tef muttdl - tef a`gg`lo crua turls ndr b abxàua dn 3 sfjdlcs, tefrf-
bntfr tef muttdl aust mf prfssfc bob`l.
AB]O@L
Surl a`gg`lo crua td tef gfnt

 Xrfss tef muttdl - tef a`gg`lo crua turls ndr b abxàua dn 3 sfjdlcs, tefrf-
bntfr tef muttdl aust mf prfssfc bob`l.
AB]O@L
Surl tef a`gg`lo crua w`te tef p`jk fifjtdr cr`nt

AB]O@L
vbr`dus nuljt`dls dn tef twd muttdls

 prfss tef gfnt muttdl (`l abje`lfs w`te b a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf)9
 Sef a`gg`lo crua turls sgdwgy "blt`-jgdjkw`sf".
"blt`-jgdjkw`sf".
 prfss tef ròet muttdl (`l abje`lfs w`te b a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf)9
 Sef a`gg`lo crua turls sgdwgy "jgdjkw`sf".
 prfss mdte muttdls bt tef sbaf tàf (cfpflc`lo dl tef abje`lf fqu`paflt)9
 Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s sw`tjefc dnn.
Dpfrbt`dl
Srbvfgg`lo / stffr`lo
:.86 Srbvfgg`lo / stffr`lo

:.86.82 Srbvfgg`lo
Zft tef spffc gà`t AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.=.2:).


Zfgfjt tef "Zpffc gà`t" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft spffc gà`t `l %.
LDSF
Ze`nt`lo ofbrs mftwffl "Gdw wdrk`lo spffc" 7--< "Abxàua wdrk`lo spffc" dr
"Gdw trbvfgg`lo spffc" 7--< "Abxàua trbvfgg`lo spffc" jbl mf cdlf we`gf trbv-
fgg`lo.
Ze`nt`lo ofbrs mftwffl "Abxàua wdrk`lo spffc" 7--< "Gdw trbvfgg`lo spffc"
sedugc dlgy mf cdlf wefl tef abje`lf `s stbt`dlbry.
Abje`lf bjjfgfrbtfs / cfjfgfrbtfs butdabt`jbggy.
Zfgfjt trbvfgg`lo spffc AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje blc sft tef rfqu`rfc trbvfgg`lo ofbr (sff tef pbrt`ju-
gbr orffl GFC).
AB]O@L
Gdw wdrk`lo spffc 1 orffl GFC "tdrtd`sf 2" gòets up.

Abxàua wdrk`lo spffc 1 orffl GFC "tdrtd`sf =" gòets up.
Gdw trbvfgg`lo spffc 1 orffl GFC "ebrf :" gòets up.
Abxàua trbvfgg`lo spffc 1 orffl GFC "ebrf 3" gòets up.
Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
 Sef idyst`jk `s fqu`ppfc w`te bl fgfjtr`jbg jfltrbg pds`t`dl gdjk.

 Ndr trbvfgg`lo, tef `ltfrgdjk kfy aust mf prfssfc blc efgc ult`g tef idyst`jk
ebs mffl pusefc ndrwbrc dr puggfc mbjkwbrc dut dn tef "8" pds`t`dl. Sef `l-
tfrgdjk kfy jbl mf rfgfbsfc bs sddl bs tef idyst`jk `s dut dn tef "8" pds`t`dl.
 Sef nurtefr tef idyst`jk `s pusefc ndrwbrc dr puggfc mbjkwbrc nrda tef jfltrbg
pds`t`dl, tef nbstfr tef abje`lf trbvfgs.
 Sef idyst`jk cdfs ldt butdabt`jbggy rfturl td tef jfltrbg pds`t`dl.
Srbvfgg`lo ndrwbrc AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef `ltfrgdjk kfy blc puse tef idyst`jk ndrwbrc ult`g tef rfqu`rfc spffc
`s rfbjefc.
 Sef c`fsfg flo`lf spffc butdabt`jbggy bciusts td tef sfgfjtfc idyst`jk pds`-
t`dl cur`lo trbvfg.
 @n tef idyst`jk `s `l tef "8" pds`t`dl tefl tef c`fsfg flo`lf spffc crdps td
"`cg`lo spffc".
 @n tef idyst`jk `s `l tef "8" pds`t`dl, tef pbrk`lo mr
mrbkf X"
bkf `s bjt`vbtfc - tef ""X
syamdg gòets up rfc; `n tef idyst`jk `s advfc dut dn tef "8" pds`t`dl, tef pbrk-
`lo mrbkf `s cfbjt`vbtfc - tef "X" X" syamdg odfs dut.
Dpfrbt`dl
Srbvfgg`lo rfvfrsf AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef `ltfrgdjk kfy blc pugg tef idyst`jk mbjkwbrcs ult`g tef rfqu`rfc
spffc `s rfbjefc.
 Sef c`fsfg flo`lf spffc butdabt`jbggy bciusts td tef sfgfjtfc idyst`jk pds`-
t`dl cur`lo trbvfg.
 @n tef idyst`jk `s `l tef "8" pds`t`dl tefl tef c`fsfg flo`lf spffc crdps td
"`cg`lo spffc".
 @n tef idyst`jk `s `l tef "8" pds`t`dl, tef pbrk`lo mr
mrbkf X"
bkf `s bjt`vbtfc - tef ""X
syamdg gòets up rfc; `n tef idyst`jk `s advfc dut dn tef "8" pds`t`dl, tef pbrk-
`lo mrbkf `s cfbjt`vbtfc - tef "X" X" syamdg odfs dut.
Vs`lo spffc jdltrdg AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 spffc jdltrdg bjt`vf.

 Xrfss tef muttdl ob`l 1 spffc jdltrdg `lbjt`vf.
LDSF
Srbvfgg`lo dl dpfl ordulc

_efl wdrk`lo dr trbvfgg`lo dl fxtrfafgy ulfvfl dpfl ordulc, tef abje`lf aust
mf gdwfrfc bt tef nrdlt td bpprdxàbtfgy 268 aa (+288) mfgdw abxàua efòet
`l drcfr td bggdw sunn`j`flt pflcugua strdkf.
AB]O@L
Mfndrf stbrt`lo dl b cdwle`gg rdutf, tef bcvbljf cr`vf aust bmsdgutfgy mf

sw`tjefc td _D]K@LO ZXFFC, f.o.9 cur`lo ldrabg e`gg cfsjflt bt Abxàua
wdrk`lo spffc 1 orffl GFC "tdrtd`sf =" gòets up. . .
. . . dr
. . . cur`lo fxtrfaf e`gg cfsjflt bt Gdw wdrk`lo spffc 1 orffl GFC "tdrtd`sf 2"
gòets up. Sef spffc aust mf bcbptfc td tef jdlc`t`dls dn tef dpfl ordulc.
Dpfrbt`dl
Adv`lo dnn ndrwbrc dl stffp ordulc

Sef pbrk`lo mrbkf jbl mf usfc `l drcfr td prfvflt tef abje`lf nrda rdgg`lo
mbjkwbrc wefl adv`lo dnn dl stffp ordulc.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss blc edgc tef muttdl - tef pbrk`lo mrbkf `s bjt`vbtfc - tef " X" syamdg
gòets up rfc; prfss tef gdjk`lo muttdl bt tef sbaf tàf blc jbrfnuggy puse tef
idyst`jk ndrwbrc.
ndrwbrc. Bs sddl bs tef abje`lf advfs,
advfs, rfgfbsf
rfgfbsf tef muttdl - tef "X
"X"
syamdg odfs dut.
Zft c`nnfrflt`bg gdjk (ngdw c`str`mutdr)

AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 c`nnfrflt`bg gdjk bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC gòets up).
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 c`nnfrflt`bg gdjk `lbjt`vf (tef orffl GFC odfs dut).
:.86.8= Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg (FGJ)

Zftt`lo tef flo`lf gdbc gà`t
spffc Zw`tje dl/dnn AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.=.=).

 Zfgfjt tef "Flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zw`tje flo`lf gdbc jdltrdg dl (bjt`vbtf mdx) dr dnn (cfbjt`vbtf mdx).
Dpfrbt`dl
Zfls`t`v`ty AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.=.:).

 Zfgfjt tef "FGJ sfls`t`v`ty" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft sfls`t`v`ty.
Flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.=.3).

 Zfgfjt tef "FGJ spffc 2" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc 2.
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.=.6).

 Zfgfjt tef "FGJ spffc =" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc =.
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.=.>).

 Zfgfjt tef "FGJ spffc :" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft flo`lf gdbc gà`t spffc :.
LDSF
@n tef c`fsfg flo`lf `s ndrjfc mfgdw tef sft spffc, tef spffc `s butdabt`jbggy rf-
cujfc ult`g tef c`fsfg flo`lf bob`l ruls bt tef sft spffc.
:.86.8: Ztffr`lo
Zft tef n`lf tul`lo bt rfbr AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.3.2).

 Zfgfjt tef "N`lf tul`lo bt rfbr strbòet rull`lo" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft n`lf tul`lo ndr strbòet rull`lo (rfbr weffgs) `l cforffs ¸.
Zft tef stffr`lo spffc AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "Ztffr`lo spffc" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft stffr`lo spffc ablubggy `l %.
Dpfrbt`dl
Nrdlt weffgs
AB]O@L
 Ztffr`lo tef nrdlt weffgs w`te tef stffr`lo weffg.
]fbr weffgs (ablubg) AB]O@L
 Xuse tef idyst`jk td tef ròet.

 Sef rfbr weffgs stffr ndr b ròet-eblc jurvf.
AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Xuse tef idyst`jk td tef gfnt.

 Sef rfbr weffgs stffr ndr b gfnt-eblc jurvf.
Dpfrbt`dl
"Ztffr`lo N]DLS" nuljt`dl AB]O@L
AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje ndrwbrcs (tef jdrrfspdlc`lo orffl GFC gòets up).
 Sef rfbr weffgs butdabt`jbggy turl td strbòet befbc. _efl stffr`lo tef
nrdlt weffgs w`te tef stffr`lo weffg, tef rfbr weffgs rfab`l `l tef strbòet
befbc pds`t`dl.
 Bntfr ablubg
ablubg stffr`lo dn tef rfbr weffgs w`te tef idyst`jk, tefy sw`vfg mbjk
td tef strbòet-befbc pds`t`dl.
2>8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
"JDD]C@LBSF" nuljt`dl AB]O@L
AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje td tef gfnt (tef jdrrfspdlc`lo orffl GFC gòets up).
 _efl stffr`lo tef nrdlt weffgs w`te tef stffr`lo weffg, tef rfbr weffgs
stffr `l tef dppds`tf c`rfjt`dl.
 Bntfr ablubg
ablubg stffr`lo w`te tef idyst`jk, tefsf
tefsf rfturl td tef pds`t`dl
pds`t`dl dn tef
sft stffr`lo adcf.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2>2 / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
"J]BM" nuljt`dl AB]O@L
AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje td tef ròet (tef jdrrfspdlc`lo orffl GFC gòets up).
 _efl stffr`lo tef nrdlt weffgs w`te tef stffr`lo weffg, tef rfbr weffgs
stffr pbrbggfg td tef nrdlt weffgs.
 Bntfr ablubg
ablubg stffr`lo w`te tef idyst`jk, te
tefsf
fsf rfturl td tef pds`t`dl dn tef
sft stffr`lo adcf.
2>= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
"Butdabt`j dnn" nuljt`dl AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef rdjkfr sw`tje mbjkwbrcs (bgg orffl GFCs od dut) - stffr`lo dn tef
nrdlt blc rfbr weffgs `s `lcfpflcflt dn dlf bldtefr.
 Bntfr ablubg
ablubg stffr`lo d
dnn tef rfbr w
weffgs
effgs w`te tef idyst`jk, tefy rfab`l
rfab`l `l tef
stffrfc-td pds`t`dl.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2>: / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztffr`lo mfydlc tef flc Cfpflc`lo dl tef dpfrbt`lo jdlc`t`dls, tef abje`lf jbl mf stffrfc mfydlc tef
pds`t`dl (rfbr weffgs) pfrjf`vfc stdp (f.o. abldfuvr`lo `l b n`fgc w`te rfstr`jtfc càfls`dls, ftj.).
Mbs`j rfqu`rfaflt9
JDD]C@LBSF stffr`lo adcf `s sw`tjefc dl.
AB]O@L
 Cfpflc`lo dl tef s`tubt`dl, turl tef stffr`lo weffg td tef ròet dr gfnt bs nbr
bs tef pfrjf`vfc stdp - my bppgy`lo `ljrfbsfc ndrjf, `t `s ldw pdss`mgf td
stffr`lo tef rfbr weffgs mfydlc tef pds`t`dl.
Dpfrbt`dl
:.86.83 Sdw`lo bwby LDSF
@l bl fafrofljy, `l pbrt`jugbr ndr rfjdvfry, tef abje`lf jbl mf tdwfc dut dn tef
cblofr zdlf. Ndr te`s purpdsf tef abje`lf's c`sj mrbkfs aust mf rfgfbsfc.
 Sef abje`lf `s bggdwfc td mf tdwfc abx. :88 a.
a.
 Sef abxàua tdw`lo spffc `s 6
`s 6 a/a`l.
a/a`l.
Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls Cur`lo tdw`lo tef bppg`jbmgf sbnfty rfougbt`dls blc tef efbgte blc sbnfty rfougb-
t`dls aust mf ndggdwfc.
Dl tdw`lo bwby b abje`lf w`tedut mrbkfs, b rò`c jdllfjt`dl, f.o. tdw`lo mbr,
aust mf usfc. Sef abje`lf `s dlgy bggdwfc td mf advfc my bldtefr vfe`jgf
dljf `t `s sfjurfgy jdllfjtfc td tef tdw`lo vfe`jgf. Sef usbof dn gddsf dmifjts
ndr puse`lo, suje bs pgulofrs, mdgts, `s ldt bggdwfc.
]fqu`rfaflts  Sef abje`lf dpfrbtdr `s bt tef dpfrbtdr's stblc.

 Sef dpfrbtdr dn tef tdw`lo vfe`jgf, tef abje`lf dpfrbtdr blc bly lfjfssbry
bss`stblts aust rfab`l `l v`subg jdltbjt cur`lo tef flt`rf tdw`lo prdjfss.
 Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s ldt `l dpfrbt`dl.
 Sef eycrbug`j systfa (edsfs, puaps, adtdrs ftj.) `s jdrrfjtgy n`ggfc w`te ey-
crbug`j d`g.

B su`tbmgf tdw`lo
tdw`lo vfe`jgf `s b
bvb`gbmgf.
vb`gbmgf.
 Sdw`lo mbrs w`te bcfqubtf strflote brf td mf usfc.
 Sef a`gg`lo crua `s td mf rb`sfc suje tebt `t w`gg ldt jdaf `ltd jdltbjt w`te tef
ordulc cur`lo tef flt`rf tdw`lo prdjfss.
LDS@JF
@n tef c`fsfg flo`lf `s sw`tjefc dnn, tef abje`lf jbl dlgy mf stffrfc us`lo
tef dpt`dlbg fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t.
Dpfrbt`dl dn tef fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t

AB]O@L
 Zw`tje dl fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt sjrffl (3.3.8) - prfss kfy N2 - tef bcibjflt `lc`jbtdr aust gòet up
orffl 1 fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t `s sw`tjefc dl.
AB]O@L
 Jeblof tef pds`t`dl dn tef mbgg jdjk dl tef fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t (bs sedwl).
Dpfrbt`dl
AB]O@L
 Advf tef stffr`lo weffg - sgdwgy

sgdwgy -;
-; bs sddl bs tef stffr`lo weffg `s advfc,
tef fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j
fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t sw`tjefs `tsfgn dl butdabt`jbggy.
LDSF
@l bcc`t`dl, bgg "zfrd strdkf" nuljt`dls jbl mf dpfrbtfc9

- Efòet bciustaflt
- A`gg`lo crua up / cdwl
- A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr up / cdwl
AB]O@L
Vlgdjk`lo bcvbljf cr`vf Vlgdjk`lo tef bcvbljf cr`vf blc rfgfbs`lo tef weffg mrbkfs `s dlgy bggdwfc td
mf cdlf bntfr tef abje`lf ebs mffl sfjurfc bob`lst ul`ltflt`dlbg rdgg`lo bwby.
Sef mrbkfs dn tef abje`lf brf rfgfbsfc w`te tef ndggdw`lo stfps. N`rst jefjk
weftefr tef abje`lf ebs mffl bttbjefc td b tdw`lo vfe`jgf.
_B]L@LO
_brl`lo bmdut r`sk dn jruse`lo
@lbjt`vf mrbkfs. Bl `lbcfqubtfgy sfjurfc abje`lf aby mfjdaf cftbjefc nrda
tef tdw`lo vfe`jgf.
Abje`lf aby e`t pfdpgf. ]`sk dn sfr`dus `liury w`te adrtbg jdlsfqufljfs.
 Sefrfndrf n`rst jefjk weftefr tef abje`lf `s sfjurfgy nbstflfc td b tdw`lo
vfe`jgf.
2>> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztbrt`lo tef tdw`lo prdjfss Ztfp 2
 Vlgbtje tef jdvfr pblfg, dpfl `t up td tef stdp blc sfjurf `t.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2>? / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztfp =
 Jdllfjt tef prfssurf obuof jdltb`lfc `l tef sjdpf dn suppgy dn tef abje`lf
td tef a`l` afbsur`lo jdllfjtdr.
Ztfp :
 ]fadvf tef cust jbps nrda tef eycrbug`j jdllfjt`dls blc jdllfjt tef ey-
crbug`j edsfs tdoftefr.
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztfp 3
 Xrfss `l mrbkf rfgfbsf cfv`jf.
Ztfp 6b
 Dpfl bgg eòe-prfssurf vbgvfs dn tef bcvbljf puap (= vbgvfs).

 Sef ndggdw`lo stfp cfsjr`mfs tef dpfl`lo dn b eòe prfssurf vbgvf. Dpfl`lo
dn tef dtefr vbgvf `s cdlf bjjdrc`logy w`te tef sbaf wdrk`lo prdjfcurf.
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztfp 6m
 Vlsjrfw tef jdultfr lut us`lo b := aa dpfl-flc wrflje.

 Vlsjrfw tef eòe-prfssurf vbgvf us`lo b :> aa dpfl-flc wrflje bpprdx.
=-: turls.
 Sòetfl tef jdultfr lut bob`l.
Ztfp >
 Dpfrbtf eblc puap sfvfrbg tàfs ult`g b prfssurf dn a`l. =6 td abx. 38 mbr
`s rfbjefc (jbl mf rfbc dnn dl tef prfssurf obuof).
 Sef abje`lf jbl ldw mf puggfc dut dn tef cblofr zdlf.
2?8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
Jdapgft`lo tef tdw`lo Ztfp 2b

prdjfss
 Jgdsf bgg eòe-prfssurf vbgvfs dn tef bcvbljf puap (= vbgvfs).

 Sef ndggdw`lo stfp cfsjr`mfs tef jgds`lo dn b eòe prfssurf vbgvf. Jgds`lo dn
tef dtefr vbgvf `s cdlf bjjdrc`logy w`te tef sbaf wdrk`lo prdjfcurf
Ztfp 2m
 Vlsjrfw tef jdultfr lut us`lo b := aa dpfl-flc wrflje.

 Zjrfw `l tef eòe-prfssurf vbgvf us`lo b :> aa dpfl-flc wrflje bs nbr bs
tef stdp, blc tòetfl.
 Sòetfl tef jdultfr lut bob`l.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2?2 / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztfp = (`n
(`n tef c`fsfg flo`lf jblldt mf stbrtfc)
 Xugg dut mrbkf rfgfbsf cfv`jf.

LDSF
Dlgy c`sjdllfjt tef jdupg`lo w`te tef tdw`lo vfe`jgf `n tef mrbkf rfgfbsf cfv`jf
ebs mffl rfadvfc.
Sef mrbkf rfgfbsf cfv`jf butdabt`jbggy iuaps mbjk td `ts drò`lbg pds`t`dl `n tef
c`fsfg flo`lf jbl mf stbrtfc.
Dmsfrvf tef prfssurf obuof. Sef prfssurf aust crdp dnn, dtefrw`sf tef mrbkfs
w`gg ldt nuljt`dl.
Ztfp :

Cfjdupgf
cust jbps.tef eycrbug`j edsfs blc jgdsf tef eycrbug`j jdllfjt`dls w`te tef
2?= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztfp 3
 C`sjdllfjt tef prfssurf obuof nrda tef a`l` afbsur`lo jdllfjtdr.

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2?: / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
Ztfp 6
 G`nt tef jdvfr pblfg sgòetgy blc ulgdjk, ndgc `t jgdsfc blc gdjk.
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt sjrffl (3.3.8) - prfss kfy N2 - tef bcibjflt `lc`jbtdr aust gòet up
orfy 1 fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t `s sw`tjefc dnn.
Dpfrbt`dl
Efòet bciustaflt / gfvfgg`lo
AB]O@L
 Zw`tje dnn tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy
:.8> Efòet bciustaflt / gfvfgg`lo

:.8>.82 G`nt`lo / ggd
dwfr`lo abje`lf
Zft tef strdkf gà`tbt`dl Bgg jrbwgfr ul`ts (tdp) AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.:.3).

 Zfgfjt tef "Ztrdkf gà`tbt`dl tdp" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft lfw gà`t pds`t`dl.
G`nt`lo tef abje`lf

jdapgftfgy
 Xuse tef idyst`jk ndrwbrc blc edgc `t ult`g tef rfqu`rfc efòet ebs mffl
rfbjefc. LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
rfgfbs`lo tef idyst`jk
idyst`jk,, tef abje`lf rfab`ls bt
bt tef sft gfvfg.
Dpfrbt`dl
]b`sf tef abje`lf bt tef

nrdlt dl mdte s`cfs dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (2); bt tef sbaf tàf, puse tef idyst`jk ndrwbrc blc edgc `t ult`g
tef rfqu`rfc efòet ebs mffl rfbjefc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
rfgfbs`lo tef idyst`jk, te
tef
f abje`lf rfab`ls bt tef
tef sft gfvfg.
Gdwfr tef abje`lf bt tef

nrdlt dl mdte s`cfs dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (=); bt tef sbaf tàf, puse tef idyst`jk ndrwbrc blc edgc `t ult`g
tef rfqu`rfc gdwfr`lo ebs mffl bje`fvfc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
tef
tef sft gfvfg.
Gdwfr`lo tef abje`lf

jdapgftfgy
 Xugg tef idyst`jk mbjkwbrcs blc edgc `t ult`g tef rfqu`rfc gdwfr`lo ebs mffl
rfbjefc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
tef
tef sft gfvfg.
2?> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Dpfrbt`dl
]b`sf tef abje`lf bt tef rfbr

dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (2); bt tef sbaf tàf, pugg tef idyst`jk mbjkwbrc blc edgc `t ult`g
tef rfqu`rfc efòet ebs mffl rfbjefc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
bt tef sft gfvfg.
Gdwfr tef abje`lf bt tef rfbr

dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (=); bt tef sbaf tàf, pugg tef idyst`jk mbjkwbrc blc edgc `t ult`g
tef rfqu`rfc gdwfr`lo ebs mffl bje`fvfc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
bt tef sft gfvfg.
]dgg tef abje`lf td tef gfnt

bmdut tef a`ccgf gdlo`tuc`lbg
bx`s
 Xuse tef idyst`jk td tef gfnt blc edgc `t ult`g tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl ebs mffl
rfbjefc. LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
bt tef sft gfvfg.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 2?? / :?8
Dpfrbt`dl
]b`sf tef abje`lf dl tef gfnt

dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (2); bt tef sbaf tàf, puse tef idyst`jk td tef gfnt blc edgc `t ult`g
tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl ebs mffl rfbjefc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
tef
tef sft gfvfg.
Gdwfr tef abje`lf dl tef gfnt

dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (=); bt tef sbaf tàf, puse tef idyst`jk td tef gfnt blc edgc `t ult`g
tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl ebs mffl rfbjefc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
tef
tef sft gfvfg.
]dgg tef abje`lf td tef ròet

bmdut tef a`ccgf gdlo`tuc`lbg
bx`s
 Xuse tef idyst`jk td tef ròet blc edgc `t ult`g tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl ebs mffl
rfbjefc. LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
tef
tef sft gfvfg.
Dpfrbt`dl
]b`sf tef abje`lf dl tef

ròet dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (2); bt tef sbaf tàf, puse tef idyst`jk td tef ròet blc edgc `t
ult`g tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl ebs mffl rfbjefc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
bt tef sft gfvfg.
Gdwfr tef abje`lf dl tef

ròet dlgy
 Xuse muttdl (=); bt tef sbaf tàf, puse tef idyst`jk td tef ròet blc edgc `t
ult`g tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl ebs mffl rfbjefc.
LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
bt tef sft gfvfg.
Dpfrbt`dl
Dvfrrull`lo tef flc pds`t`dl Cfpflc`lo dl tef dpfrbt`lo jdlc`t`dls, tef abje`lf jbl mf rb`sfc mfydlc tef
fgfjtr`jbggy `ltfrgdjkfc flc pds`t`dl (f.o. ndr gdbc`lo dltd b gdw-gdbcfr).
LDS@JF
Sef pflcugua strdkf `s `ldpfrbt`vf `l te`s jbsf.
 Xuse tef idyst`jk ndrwbrcs blc edgc `t ndr bmdut 6 sfjdlcs ult`g tef abje`lf
`s jdapgftfgy rb`sfc. LDSF
Bntfr rfgfbs`lo
tef
tef sft gfvfg.
:.8>.8= Zgdpf rfougbt`dl

Zft sgdpf AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.:.>).

 Zfgfjt tef "Yfrd sgdpf lda`lbg vbguf" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft vbguf td "8".
AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "Zgdpf lda`lbg vbguf" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr rfqu`rfc vbguf `l %.
Dpfrbt`dl
A`gg`lo cfpte rfougbt`dl w`te

sgdpf sflsdr
Zgdpf gfnt AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ZGDXF muttdl td tef gfnt (tef orffl GFC gòets up) 1 sgdpf gfnt bj-
t`vf.
 Sef abje`lf dpfrbtfs w`te tef prfsft sgdpf dl tef gfnt s`cf blc w`te tef
prfsft a`gg`lo cfpte dl tef ròet s`cf.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ZGDXF muttdl td tef gfnt bob`l (tef orffl GFC odfs dut) 1 sgdpf
gfnt `lbjt`vf.
Dpfrbt`dl
Zgdpf ròet AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ZGDXF muttdl td tef ròet (tef orffl GFC gòets up) 1 sgdpf ròet
bjt`vf.
 Sef abje`lf dpfrbtfs w`te tef prfsft sgdpf dl tef ròet s`cf blc w`te tef
prfsft a`gg`lo cfpte dl tef gfnt s`cf.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ZGDXF muttdl td tef ròet bob`l (tef orffl GFC odfs dut) 1 sgdpf
ròet `lbjt`vf.
 Sef bjtubg sgdpf vbguf `s c`spgbyfc dl tef wdrk`lo sjrffl `l "%".
:.8>.8: Ordulc jgfbrbljf

Bciust ordulc jgfbrbljf
(mdttda - wdrk`lo pds`t`dl) Nrdlt (gfnt mdttda) AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "Flc pds`t`dl nrdlt mdttda gfnt" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Nrdlt (ròet mdttda) AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.:.=).

 Zfgfjt tef "Flc pds`t`dl nrdlt mdttda ròet" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
]fbr (mdttda) AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.:.:).

 Zfgfjt tef "Flc pds`t`dl rfbr mdttda" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
Bciust ordulc jgfbrbljf (tdp

- trblspdrt pds`t`dl) Nrdlt blc rfbr (mdte s`cfs) AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "Ztrdkf gà`tbt`dl tdp" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
:.8? Cds`lo ul`t

:.8?.82 Mbs`j sftt`los
Mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl, vbr`dus mbs`j sftt`los aust mf pfr-
ndrafc.
2. Xrf-sftt`lo lda`lbg
lda`lbg vbgufs (f.o. cfpte, w`cte, cfls`ty, ftj.) - spfj`n`fc my tef
jg`flt.
=. Xrf-sftt`lo tef m`lcfr bcc`t`dl rbtf (`l % my wfòet) - spfj`n`fc my tef jg`flt.
:. Xrf-sftt`lo tef sprby`lo ldzzgfs (dpfl dr jgdsf tef sprby`lo ldzzgfs bjjdrc-
`lo td tef rfqu`rfc wdrk`lo w`cte).
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Oflfrbg AB]O@L
 Zft tef cds`lo ul`t sw`tje (flo`lf jdltrdg ul`t pblfg) td DL
AB]O@L
 Sef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`spgby jeblofs nrda tef fltry sjrffl (2.2.8) td tef
cds`lo ul`t sjrffl (?.2.2).
AB]O@L
 Xrfss kfy N3.
AB]O@L
 Zjrffl (:.6.2.2) bppfbrs.

 Zfgfjt tef "Cfls`ty ordulc" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft cfls`ty `l ko/a:.
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.6.2.=).

 Zfgfjt tef "A`gg`lo cfpte butd adcf" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zw`tje butdabt`j a`gg`lo cfpte dl (bjt`vbtf mdx) dr dnn (cfbjt`vbtf mdx).
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.6.2.:) - `n tef butdabt`j a`gg`lo cfpte nuljt`dl `s
sw`tjefc dnn.
 Zfgfjt tef "A`gg`lo cfpte ablubg" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft a`gg`lo cfpte.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Xrf-sftt`lo ndr wbtfr `lifjt`dl AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef FZJ kfy.
AB]O@L
 Zjrffl (?.2.2) bppfbrs bob`l.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss kfy N2.
AB]O@L
 Zjrffl (?.=.2) bppfbrs.

 Zfgfjt tef "Lda`lbg vbguf butdabt`j" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr tef rfqu`rfc nffc vdguaf dn wbtfr `l % (`n ydu wblt td wdrk `l butd-
abt`j adcf).
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.=.=).

 Zfgfjt tef "Lda`lbg vbguf ablubg" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr tef rfqu`rfc nffc vdguaf dn wbtfr `l % (`n ydu wblt td wdrk `l ablubg
adcf).
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.=.:).

 Zfgfjt tef "A`gg`lo w`cte adcf" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zfgfjt butdabt`j adcf (tef sprby`lo w`cte `s jbgjugbtfc butdabt`jbggy mbsfc
dl tef dpflfc sprby`lo ldzzgfs).
 . . . dr (sfgfjt ablubg adcf `n tef a`gg`lo w`cte `s spfj`n`fc ablubggy)
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.=.3).

 Zfgfjt tef "A`gg`lo w`cte" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr tef a`gg`lo w`cte (`n tef sprby`lo w`cte sedugc ldt mf jbgjugbtfc butd-
abt`jbggy).
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.=.6).

 Zfgfjt tef "Dpt`dl 588 g`trfs" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Bjt`vbtf tef mdx
mdx (`n ydu wblt td wdrk w`te tef 588
588 g`trf puap).
puap).
 . . . dr
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.=.>).

 Zfgfjt tef "Dpt`dl 2588 g`trfs" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Bjt`vbtf tef mdx
mdx (`n ydu wblt td wdrk w`te tef 2588
2588 g`trf puap).
puap).
LDSF
"Dpt`dl 2588 g`trfs" afbls tebt tef abje`lf `s fqu`ppfc w`te b gbrof
puap`lo systfa.
Xgfbsf jefjk we`je systfa `s n`ttfc `l ydur abje`lf.
Xrf-sftt`lo ndr m`tuafl sprby`loAB]O@L
 Xrfss tef FZJ kfy.
AB]O@L
 Zjrffl (?.2.2) bppfbrs bob`l.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss kfy N=.
AB]O@L
 Zjrffl (?.:.2) bppfbrs.

 Zfgfjt tef "Lda`lbg vbguf butdabt`j" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr tef rfqu`rfc nffc vdguaf dn m`tuafl `l % (`n ydu wblt td wdrk `l butd-
abt`j adcf).
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.:.=).

 Zfgfjt tef "Lda`lbg vbguf ablubg" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr tef rfqu`rfc nffc vdguaf dn m`tuafl `l % (`n ydu wblt td wdrk `l abl-
ubg adcf).
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.:.:).

 Zfgfjt tef "M`tuafl wbtfr" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr tef rfqu`rfc nffc vdguaf dn m`tuafl wbtfr `l %.
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.:.3).

 Zfgfjt tef "A`gg`lo w`cte adcf" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zfgfjt butdabt`j adcf (tef sprby`lo w`cte `s jbgjugbtfc butdabt`jbggy mbsfc
dl tef dpflfc sprby`lo ldzzgfs).
 . . . dr (sfgfjt ablubg adcf `n tef a`gg`lo w`cte `s spfj`n`fc ablubggy)
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (?.:.6).

 Zfgfjt tef "A`gg`lo w`cte" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Fltfr tef a`gg`lo w`cte (`n tef sprby`lo w`cte sedugc ldt mf jbgjugbtfc butd-
abt`jbggy).
AB]O@L
 Xrfss kfy N=.
AB]O@L
 Zw`tje tef efbtfr dl/dnn.
LDSF
Sef efbtfr sedugc mf sw`tjefc dl bt gfbst 2/= edur mfndrf stbrtup.

Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
AB]O@L
 Xrfss kfy N:.
AB]O@L
 Zw`tje tef jdaprfssfc b`r dl/dnn.
LDSF
Sef sprby`lo ldzzgfs sedugc mf jgfblfc mfndrf tef cds`lo ul`ts brf
stbrtfc up.
Sd cd te`s, `t `s fssflt`bg td sw`tje dnn tef a`gg`lo crua cr`vf.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss kfy N3.
AB]O@L
 Jbrry dut tef jgfbl`lo prdjfcurf sfvfrbg tàfs.
LDSF
@t `s bgsd b oddc `cfb td o`vf tef sprby`lo ldzzgfs b v`subg jefjk.
Xrf-sftt`lo dn tef sprby`lo ldzzgfs

Sef sprby`lo ldzzgfs (cfpflc`lo dl tef fqu`paflt dn tef abje`lf) aust mf
dpflfc dr jgdsfc bjjdrc`lo td tef rfqu`rfc sprby`lo pds`t`dl ndr fvfry cds`lo
ul`t.
LDSF
Xrfss b muttdl td dpfrbtf b pb`r dn sprby`lo ldzzgfs.

Xrfss muttdl 2x (cfpflc`lo dl tef rfqu`rfc sprby`lo ldzzgf) 1 butdabt`j sprby-
`lo nuljt`dl `s bjt`vf.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
LDSF

Xrfss muttdl =x (cfpflc`lo dl tef rfqu`rfc sprby`lo ldzzgf) 1 ablubg sprby`lo
nuljt`dl `s bjt`vf.
LDSF

Xrfss muttdl :x (cfpflc`lo dl tef rfqu`rfc sprby`lo ldzzgf) 1 sprby`lo nuljt`dl
`s `lbjt`vf.
ABLVBG adcf
Sef sprby`lo vdguaf cdfs ldt jeblof w`te tef bcvbljf spffc.
Zprby`lo stbrts àafc`btfgy (`rrfspfjt`vf dn tef pds`t`dl dn tef bcvbljf cr`vf
gfvfr) wefl b rfqu`rfc vbguf ndr m`lcfr cds`lo `s sft.
BVSDABS@J adcf
Sef sprby`lo vdguaf jeblofs w`te tef bcvbljf spffc.
Zprby`lo (cfpflc`lo dl tef prf-sft m`lcfr cds`lo vbguf) stbrts àafc`btfgy
wefl tef a`gg`lo crua cr`vf `s sw`tjefc dl blc tef bcvbljf cr`vf gfvfr `s advfc
ndrwbrc nrda tef "8" pds`t`dl.LDSF
Dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dls brf ldrabggy pfrndrafc `l BVSDABS@J adcf - ABLVBG

adcf sedugc dlgy mf usfc ndr spfj`bg bssòlaflts.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
:.8?.8= Cds`lo ul`t @ (dpfrbt`dl)

Mbs`j rfqu`rfaflts9
 Sef mbs`j sftt`los ebvf mffl jbrr`fc dut.
 Abje`lf `s `l wdrk`lo pds`t`dl.
 Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s rull`lo bt dpfrbt`lo spffc.
 Sef fxtfrlbg n`gg`lo cfv`jf ndr wbtfr suppgy (588 g`trfs) dr (2588 g`trfs) `s jdu-
pgfc.
 Lda`lbg vbgufs ndr a`gg`lo cfpte, a`gg`lo w`cte, cfls`ty ebvf mffl prfsft.
 Sef sprby`lo ldzzgfs brf dpflfc dr jgdsfc bjjdrc`lo td tef rfqu`rfc wdrk`lo
w`cte / sprby`lo pds`t`dl.
 Sef a`gg`lo crua `s rull`lo.
 Sef sw`tje BC^BLJF C]@^F `s sft td gdw dr abxàua wdrk`lo spffc
LDSF
Sef sftt`lo dn seut-dnn vbgvfs, jdllfjtdrs dn puaps td tef sprby`lo mfbas blc
bly pdss`mgf m`lcfr bcc`t`dl jdam`lbt`dls jbl mf ndulc `l tef "Cfsjr`pt`dl
"Cfsjr`pt`dl dn
nuljt`dl"" jebptfr.
nuljt`dl
Zprby`lo puap dpfrbt`dl AB]O@L
 Xrfss muttdl "@" 1 cds`lo ul`t @ `s bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC gòets up).
 . . . dr
AB]O@L
 Xrfss muttdls "@ - @@@" 1 bgg prfsft cds`lo ul`ts brf bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC gòets
up).
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Zprby`lo ldzzgfs AB]O@L
 Butdabt`j adcf
adcf (tef sfgf
sfgfjtfc
jtfc sprby`lo
sprby`lo ldzzgfs dpfl
dpfl bs sddl bs
bs tef a`gg`lo
crua `s rull`lo blc tef abje`lf `s trbvfgg`lo)
AB]O@L
 Ablubg adcf (tef sfgfjtfc sprby`lo ldzzgfs dpfl bs sddl bs tef muttdl ndr
tef rfqu`rfc sprby`lo ldzzgf `s prfssfc)
AB]O@L
 Cfpflc`lo dl tef dpfrbt`lo jdlc`t`dls, tef sprby`lo mfba jbl mf sft td nugg
sprby`lo w`cte (2/2) dr ebgn sprby`lo w`cte (2/=) w`te tef N2 kfy.
Xuaps dpfrbt`dlbg adcf AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef BVSDABS@J muttdl 1 butdabt`j dpfrbt`dlbg adcf DL (tef orffl

GFC gòets up) - prfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 butdabt`j DNN.
. . . dr AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ABLVBG muttdl 1 ablubg dpfrbt`dlbg adcf bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC
gòets up) - prfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 ablubg DNN.
LDSF
Sef puap `l qufst`dl stbrts up bs sddl bs tef ABLVBG kfy `s prfssfc.

Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl AB]O@L
 Bjt`vbtf butdabt`j
butdabt`j stbrt`lo nuljt`dl.
nuljt`dl.
 Sef a`gg`lo crua advfs cdwl td tef prfsft a`gg`lo cfpte blc, bt tef sbaf
tàf, sprby`lo stbrts.
AB]O@L
LDSF
Srbvfgg`lo spffc sedugc mf bt gfbst : a/a`l.
AB]O@L
 A`gg`lo cfpte, sftt`lo dn a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs, trbvfgg`lo spffc blc bccfc
m`lcfr vdguafs brf c`spgbyfc pfrablfltgy.
 Jdapbrf tef c`spgbyfc bjtubg vbgufs w`te tef prfsft lda`lbg lda`lbg vbgufs;
jefjk tef systfa `n lfjfssbry.
Flc dn dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl AB]O@L
butdabt`j g`nt-dut nuljt`dl.
nuljt`dl.
 Ztdp tef abje`lf blc rfvfrsf.
 Cur`lo tef rfvfrsf trbvfg, tef a`gg`lo crua `s g`ntfc sgdwgy dut dn tef brfb mf-
`lo prdjfssfc, `l bjjdrcbljf w`te tef sft vbgufs.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
:.8?.8: Cds`lo ul`t @@ (dpfrbt`dl)

Mbs`j rfqu`rfaflts9
 Sef mbs`j sftt`los ebvf mffl jbrr`fc dut.
 Abje`lf `s `l wdrk`lo pds`t`dl.
 Sef c`fsfg flo`lf `s rull`lo bt dpfrbt`lo spffc.
 Sef fxtfrlbg n`gg`lo cfv`jf ndr faugs`dl dr m`tuafl (588 g`trfs) `s jdupgfc up.
 Lda`lbg vbgufs ndr a`gg`lo cfpte, a`gg`lo w`cte, cfls`ty ebvf mffl prfsft.
 Sef sprby`lo ldzzgfs brf dpflfc dr jgdsfc bjjdrc`lo td tef rfqu`rfc wdrk`lo
w`cte / sprby`lo pds`t`dl.
 Sef a`gg`lo crua `s rull`lo.
 Sef sw`tje BC^BLJF C]@^F `s sft td gdw dr abxàua wdrk`lo spffc
LDSF
Sef sftt`lo dn seut-dnn vbgvfs, jdllfjtdrs dn puaps td tef sprby`lo mfbas blc
bly pdss`mgf m`lcfr bcc`t`dl jdam`lbt`dls jbl mf ndulc `l tef "Cfsjr`pt`dl
"Cfsjr`pt`dl dn
nuljt`dl"" jebptfr.
nuljt`dl
Zprby`lo puap dpfrbt`dl AB]O@L
 Xrfss muttdl "@@" 1 cds`lo ul`t @@ `s bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC gòets up).
 . . . dr
AB]O@L
 Xrfss muttdls "@ - @@@" 1 bgg prfsft cds`lo ul`ts brf bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC gòets
up).
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Zprby`lo ldzzgfs AB]O@L
 Butdabt`j adcf
adcf (tef sfgf
sfgfjtfc
jtfc sprby`l
sprby`lo
o ldzzgfs dpfl
dpfl bs sddl bs
bs tef a`gg`lo
crua `s rull`lo blc tef abje`lf `s trbvfgg`lo)
AB]O@L
 Ablubg adcf (tef sfgfjtfc sprby`lo ldzzgfs dpfl bs sddl bs tef muttdl ndr
tef rfqu`rfc sprby`lo ldzzgf `s prfssfc)
AB]O@L
 Cfpflc`lo dl tef dpfrbt`lo jdlc`t`dls, tef sprby`lo mfba jbl mf sft td nugg
sprby`lo w`cte (2/2) dr ebgn sprby`lo w`cte (2/=) w`te tef N2 kfy.
M`tuafl ldzzgfs AB]O@L
 Xrfss muttdl 2x 1 fbje dpflfc sprby`lo ldzzgf dpfrbtfs (tef gfnt orffl GFC
gòets up).
AB]O@L
 Xrfss muttdl =x 1 dlgy fvfry dtefr dpflfc sprby`lo ldzzgf dpfrbtfs (tef
ròet orffl GFC gòets up).
LDSF
Se`s sftt`lo `s b oddc `cfb wefl bcc`lo sabgg m`lcfr qublt`t`fs dr `n tef m`-
tuafl prfssurf `s gdw.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Xuaps dpfrbt`dlbg adcf AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef BVSDABS@J muttdl 1 butdabt`j dpfrbt`dlbg adcf DL (tef orffl

GFC gòets up) - prfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 butdabt`j DNN.
. . . dr AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef ABLVBG muttdl 1 ablubg dpfrbt`dlbg adcf bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC
gòets up) - prfss tef muttdl bob`l 1 ablubg DNN.
LDSF
Sef puap `l qufst`dl stbrts up bs sddl bs tef ABLVBG kfy `s prfssfc.
M`tuafl efbtfr AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef muttdl 1 m`tuafl efbtfr bjt`vf (tef orffl GFC gòets up).
LDSF
_efl wdrk`lo w`te ndba m`tuafl, tef ul`t aust mf bt dpfrbt`dlbg tfapfrbturf
mfndrf stbrtup.
Dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl AB]O@L
butdabt`j stbrt`lo nuljt`dl.
nuljt`dl.
 Sef a`gg`lo crua advfs cdwl td tef prfsft a`gg`lo cfpte blc, bt tef sbaf
tàf, sprby`lo stbrts.
AB]O@L

LDSF
Srbvfgg`lo spffc sedugc mf bt gfbst : a/a`l.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
AB]O@L
 A`gg`lo cfpte, sftt`lo dn a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs, trbvfgg`lo spffc blc bccfc
m`lcfr vdguafs brf c`spgbyfc pfrablfltgy.
 Jdapbrf tef c`spgbyfc bjtubg vbgufs w`te tef prfsft lda`lbg lda`lbg vbgufs;
jefjk tef systfa `n lfjfssbry.
Flc dn dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl AB]O@L
butdabt`j g`nt-dut nuljt`dl.
nuljt`dl.
 Ztdp tef abje`lf blc rfvfrsf.
 Cur`lo tef rfvfrsf trbvfg, tef a`gg`lo crua `s g`ntfc sgdwgy dut dn tef brfb mf-
`lo prdjfssfc, `l bjjdrcbljf w`te tef sft vbgufs.
:.8?.83 Cry rul sflsdr

Cds`lo ul`t @ dr @@
AB]O@L
Sef systfa `s n`ttfc w`te b cry rul sflsdr, we`je `s bjt`vbtfc `l jbsf dn tdd g`ttgf
dr ld ngu`c bt tef ngdw-terduoe aftfr.
Sef dpfrbtdr `s `lndrafc my afbls dn b tfxt afssbof dl tef rfgfvblt sjrffl dn
tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr, sw`tje`lo dl dn tef rfc GFC blc tef sdulc`lo dn b wbrl-
`lo muzzfr.
(efrf f.o. cds`lo ul`t @@)
Butdabt`j adcf AB]O@L
Bntfr : sfjdlcs,
sfjdlcs, tef tfxt afssbof
afssbof bppf
bppfbrs
brs `l tef prfsft
prfsft prdorbaaf
prdorbaaf gbloubof.
gbloubof.
Sef puap sw`tjefs dnn butdabt`jbggy bntfr : sfjdlcs.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Ablubg adcf AB]O@L
Bntfr :8 sfjdlcs,
sfjdlcs, tef tfxt afssbof
afssbof bpp
bppfbrs
fbrs `l tef prfsft prdorbaaf
prdorbaaf gbloubof.
gbloubof.
Sef puap sw`tjefs dnn butdabt`jbggy bntfr :8 sfjdlcs.
:.8?.86 Ndba m
m``tuafl j
jd
dls`stfljy s
sb
bapgf
Sef ul`t ebs mffl n`ttfc w`te b sfpbrbtf sprby`lo ldzzgf ndr tbk`lo ndba-m`-
tuafl sbapgfs `l drcfr td bje`fvf tef jdrrfjt ndba m`tuafl jdls`stfljy
cur`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl. @n rfqu`rfc, sbapgfs jbl mf tbkfl my afbls dn
prf-sfgfjtfc vbgufs my prfss`lo b muttdl blc jbl mf jdggfjtfc `l bl fxtfr-
lbg jdltb`lfr (aftbg mujkft).
Zbapgf fxtrbjt`dl cur`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl9

AB]O@L
 Ztdp tef abje`lf (bcvbljf cr`vf gfvfr `l "8" pds`t`dl).

Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
AB]O@L
 Xgbjf tef jdltb`lfr ndr tbk`lo sbapgfs (aftbg mujkft) ulcfrlfbte tef sprby-
`lo ldzzgf.
 Dpfl tef ab`ltflbljf ngbp lfxt td tef nrdlt bjjfss gbccfr.
 Xrfss tef muttdl blc edgc ult`g tef rfqu`rfc sbapgf vdguaf ebs mffl jdg-
gfjtfc `l tef mujkft.
LDSF
@n tef ndba m`tuafl jdls`stfljy cdfs ldt jdapgy w`te tef spfj`n`jbt`dl, tef pfr-
jfltbof m`tuafl / m`tuafl wbtfr nffc aust mf sft bob`l dr jeblofc (f.o. m`tu-
afl pbrbaftfrs dr tfapfrbturf, ftj.).
:.8?.8> Dpfrbt`dl w`te tblk trujk
Sef ndggdw`lo rfabrks aust bmsdgutfgy mf tbkfl `ltd jdls`cfrbt`dl wefl

wdrk`lo w`te b tblk trujk (stdjkp`g`lo blc suppgy dn wbtfr, m`tuafl faug-
s`dl, edt m`tuafl, ftj.)9
 Jdllfjt tef tblk trujk w`te tef _`rtofl rfjyjgfr, us`lo b jdllfjt`lo rdc, `l
drcfr td ab`ltb`l b jdlstblt c`stbljf mftwffl tef twd ul`ts. Sef tblk trujk
aust mf pusefc my tef _`rtofl rfjyjgfr bs b abttfr dn pr`lj`pgf. Sefrf aust
mf b nrff rul nrda tef tblk trujk td tef _`rtofl rfjyjgfr.
 Sef puap dn tef tblk trujk aust ldt mf
mf usfc (bgsd ldt cur`lo dpfrbt`dl).
_`rtofl rfjyjgfrs jdlvfy v`b dwl puaps.
 Sef edsf jdllfjtdr mftwffl tef tblk trujk blc tef _`rtofl rfjyjgfr aust mf
ndra-n`tt`lo blc su`tbmgf ndr tef bppg`jbt`dl.
 Sef edsf aust mf fapty blc cf-prfssur`sfc wefl jdllfjt`lo blc c`sjdl-
lfjt`lo.
 Sef gflote dn tef edsf aust mf jedsfl suje tebt `t cdfs ldt crbo dl tef
ordulc dr `s k`lkfc wefl jdrlfr`lo.
@t `s rfjdaaflcfc td usf edsfs we`je jbl mf drcfrfc nrda _`rtofl `l vbr-

`dus gflotes. Sefsf edsfs jdapgy w`te tef rfqu`rfaflts rfobrc`lo prfs-
surf blc efbt rfs`stbljf.
@n dtefr edsfs brf usfc, tefy aust bt gfbst jdapgy w`te tef spfj`n`jbt`dls bjjdrc-
`lo td FL 2:35=9=882.
Dpfrbt`dl
Cds`lo ul`t
Zpfj`n`jbt`dl FL 2:35=9=882 Dpfrbt`dlbg prfssurf9

? mbr bt =88¸J dr 28 mbr bt 38¸J
Sfst prfssurf9
28.6 mbr
Edt m`tuafl rfs`stbljf9

2>5 edurs `l m`tuafl bt =88¸J (sumafrs`dl tfst)
Nrbjturf prfssurf `ljguc`lo n`tt`los9

38 mbr
N`tt`los9
Lda`lbg prfssurf =6 mbr
LDSF
Dlgy prfss n`tt`los dr n`tt`los w`te sjrfwfc prfss jdllfjtdrs aust mf usfc.

=88 / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
3 AB@LSFLBLJF
3.88 Oflfrbg
3.88.82 Oflfrbg ab`ltfl

tflbljf `lstru
trujt`dls
LDSF
Dlgy rfougbrgy sfrv`jfc abje`lfs brf rfg`bmgf!
_B]L@LO
• Vlgfss c`nnfrflt `lndrabt`dl
`lndrabt`dl `s o`vfl `l tef cfsjr`pt`dl, `t `s ldt pfra`ttfc ndr
ab`ltflbljf wdrk td mf jbrr`fc dut ulgfss tef c`fsfg flo`lf `s stdppfc.
• Bttbje b wbrl`lo
wbrl`lo ldt`jf `l tef dpfrb
dpfrbtdr's
tdr's stblc mfndrf
mfndrf stbrt`lo
stbrt`lo ab`ltflbljf
ab`ltflbljf
wdrk.
AB]O@L
B abje`lf tbkfs
tbkfs mftwffl 68 blc 28
2888 dpfrbt`dlbg
dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
edurs td rul `l. Cur`lo
Cur`lo te`s
tàf tef abje`lf aust ldt mf dpfrbtfc bt abxàua pfrndrabljf.
Sef ndggdw`lo jdlc`t`dls aust mf aft cur`lo bgg n`gg`lo gfvfg jefjks9
 Sef abje`lf aust mf pbrkfc dl b gfvfg sum-mbsf blc aust mf gfvfg mdte `l
tef gbtfrbg blc gdlo`tuc`lbg c`rfjt`dl.
AB]O@L
@l tef ab`ltflbljf ablubg ydu w`gg n`lc `lstrujt`dls dl tef jdrrfjt jbrf blc
ab`ltflbljf dn ydur abje`lf. @t `s àpfrbt`vf tef wdrk g`stfc `l tef ndggdw`lo `s
jbrr`fc dut blc tebt `t `s jbrr`fc dut jbrfnuggy.
Sef `ggustrbtfc `lstrujt`dls brf brrblofc my ab`ltflbljf ordups. Ab`ltflbljf
wdrk tebt `s ldt sumifjt td n`xfc `ltfrvbgs `s g`stfc w`te "BZ ]FRV@]FC".
Sef ab`l ordup "JEB]SZ" jdltb`ls b sfrv`jf blc ab`ltflbljf jebrt, brrblofc
bjjdrc`lo td ab`ltflbljf ordups, `l drcfr td fbsf tef sfbrje ndr `ggustrbtfc `l-
strujt`dls.
Dlgy tef ngu`cs st`pugbtfc my _@]SOFL dr tedsf w`te bl fqu`vbgflt jgbss`n`jbt`dl
jgbss`n`jbt`dl
brf bggdwfc td mf usfc `l tef abje`lf.
D`gs w`te c`nnfrflt spfj`n`jbt`dls brf ldt bggdwfc td mf a`xfc.

Xby bttflt`dl td bmsdgutf jgfblg`lfss, jgfbl jdllfjt`dls blc n`tt`los pr`dr td ul-
cd`lo. Dlgy usf ngunn-nrff jgdtes. Jdvfr bgg dpfl`los blc jdllfjt`dls dr sfbg w`te
pguos.
Cd ldt n`gg tef d`g n`gtfr w`te d`g mfndrf n`tt`lo `t (r`sk dn flo`lf cbabof cuf td jdltb-
a`lbt`dl).
Cd ldt n`gg tef nufg n`gtfr w`te nufg mfndrf n`tt`lo `t (r`sk dn flo`lf cbabof cuf td
jdltba`lbt`dl).
Dlgy ulcfrtbkf d`g jeblofs w`te tef flo`lf bt dpfrbt`lo tfapfrbturf. Lfvfr
stbrt flo`lf w`te eycrbug`j d`g crb`lfc. Dlgy ulcfrtbkf jefjks blc afbsurf-
aflts dl tef eycrbug`j systfa w`te tef eycrbug`j d`g bt dpfrbt`lo tfapfrbturf (bt
gfbst 38¸J). Xr`dr td n`gg`lo tef eycrbug`j systfa w`te lfw eycrbug`j d`g, tef d`g `s
td mf n`gtfrfc.
Dlgy usf prfssurf obuof w`te bcfqubtf afbsur`lo rblof ndr tef prfssurf tfst
dl tef eycrbug`j systfa. Ebvf prfssurf obuof jefjkfc bt fxtflcfc `ltfrvbgs.
Sedrduoegy jgfbl bgg orfbsf l`ppgfs pr`dr td tef bppg`jbt`dl dn gumr`jblt.
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
AB]O@L
Vlbutedr`sfc adc`n`jbt`dl dr jeblofs td tef abje`lf brf ldt bggdwfc. Xrfssurf

rfg`fn vbgvfs blc rfougbtdrs aust ldt mf bciustfc w`tedut tef borffaflt dn tef
ablunbjturfr.
@t `s ldt bggdwfc td wfgc dr mdgt dl bly bcc`t`dlbg jdapdlflts, dr td cr`gg bly
edgfs `l tef abje`lf w`tedut borffaflt dn tef ablunbjturfr.
Zbnfty jdugc mf bcvfrsfgy bnnfjtfc!
_f fxpg`j`tgy `lndra ydu tebt spbrf pbrts blc bcc`t`dlbg fqu`paflt ldt suppg`fc
my us ebvf ldt mffl tfstfc dr bpprdvfc. Sef `lstbggbt`dl/usf dn suje jdapd-
lflts jbl cforbcf tef abje`lf‐s pfrndrabljf blc bcvfrsfgy bnnfjt `ts bjt`vf
blc/dr pbss`vf sbnfty.
Bgg g`bm`g`ty dl tef pbrt dn te
tef
f abje`lf a
ablunbjturf
blunbjturfrr `s fxjgucfc ndr cbabof
cbabof rf-
sugt`lo nrda tef usf dn ldl-drò`lbg spbrf pbrts dr bcc`t`dlbg fqu`paflt.
Sef ablunbjturfr `s ldt g`bmgf ndr cbabof/`liury rfsugt`lo nrda ulbutedr`sfc
adc`n`jbt`dls dr jeblofs td tef abje`lf!
3.8
3.88.
8.8=
8= Of
Oflf
lfrb
rbgg `lst
`lstrruj
ujt`
t`d
dls dl w`l
`ltf
tfrr sf
sfrv
rv`j
`jf
f
Cur`lo fxtflcfc `ltfrrupt`dls `l usf (f.o. stdrbof dvfr w`ltfr), tef ndggdw`lo prd-
tfjt`vf afbsurfs brf td mf tbkfl. Sefsf prdtfjt`vf afbsurfs w`gg prdv`cf prdtfj-
t`dl ndr bpprdx. > - 2= adltes cfpflc`lo dl tef wfbtefr.
Bntfr bl `ltfrrupt`dl
`ltfrrupt`dl `l usf dn adr
adrf
f tebl > ad
adltes,
ltes, tef flo`lf
flo`lf d`g `s td mf
jeblofc. Ndr d`g vdguaf blc spfj`n`fc flo`lf d`g, rfnfr td tef n`gg`lo jbpbj`ty
tbmgf. LDSF
@t `s àpfrbt`vf tebt ydu ndggdw tef drò`lbg `lstrujt`dl ablubg nrda tef flo`lf
ablunbjturfr.
=8= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
Afbsurfs ndr dvfrw`ltfr`lo / prdtfjt`lo tef abje`lf

 @t `s àpfrbt`vf tebt b abje`lf w`te b c`fsfg flo`lf td we`je prdtfjt`dl afb-
surfs ebvf mffl bppg`fc `s abrkfc us`lo bl bpprdpr`btf sòl!
 Sedrduoegy jgfbl fxtfr`dr blc `ltfr`dr dn tef abje`lf blc pbrk `l b pgbjf tebt
`s wfgg vflt`gbtfc blc cry bs nbr bs pdss`mgf.
 N`gg nufg tblk jdapgftfgy.
 N`gg BcMguf® / CFN tblk td bpprdx. =6%.
 Zprby fxtfr`dr dn c`fsfg flo`lf w`te jdaafrj`bg jgfbl`lo boflt blc jgfbl.
 Gumr`jbtf bgg gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts bs pfr tef `lndrabt`dl `l tef ab`ltflbljf
mddkgft.
 ]fadvf ^-mfgt, sprby tef orddvfs dl tef ^-mfgt puggfys w`te jdrrds`dl prdtfj-
t`dl d`g.
 Jbrfnuggy sfbg dpfl`los dl tef b`r n`gtfr blc tef fxebust systfa.
 Jefjk jddgblt ndr bcfqubtf nrdst prdtfjt`dl.
 Dl abje`lfs w`tedut b jbm`l, tef jdltrdg pblfg `s td mf trfbtfc dr jdvfrfc
w`te jdaafrj`bg prdtfjt`dl boflts.
 GJC c`spgbys aust mf prdtfjtfc bob`lst tfapfrbturfs mfgdw -=6¸J my pbrk-
`lo tef abje`lf `l bl bcfqubtfgy efbtfc mu`gc`lo. Bgtfrlbt`vfgy, tef GJC c`s-
pgbys
pblfgsbrf
dr td mf rfadvfc
fgfjtr`jbg blcbrf
jbm`lfts stdrfc `l jdvfrfc.
td mf b su`tbmgf pgbjf. Dpfl`los `l jdltrdg
 ]fadvf mbttfr`fs; orfbsf tfra`lbgs w`te bj`c-prdtfjt`dl orfbsf blc rf-

jebrof `l bjjdrcbljf w`te tef `lndrabt`dl nrda tef ablunbjturfr. Sef mbttfr-
`fs sedugc mf stdrfc `l b cry, tfapfrbturf-jdltrdggfc, wfgg vflt`gbtfc rdda.
 @n b`r tblks brf n`ttfc, tef jdlcflsbt`dl wbtfr `s td mf crb`lfc blc tef blt`-
nrffzf tblks ndr tef jdaprfssfc b`r systfa brf td mf n`ggfc w`te su`tbmgf blt`-
nrffzf.
 Jgdsf bgg sdjkfts w`te tef prdtfjt`vf jbps prdv`cfc
prdv`cfc..
Ndggdw`lo systfas aust mf jdapgftfgy crb`lfc9

 _btfr tblk
 Eòe prfssurf jgfblfr
 _btfr systfa
Afbsurfs ndr pgbj`lo tef abje`lf mbjk `l dpfrbt`dl

 Xr`dr td pgbj`lo mbjk `l dpfrbt`dl, tef jdrrds`dl prdtfjt`dl d`g `s td mf rf-
advfc nrda tef ^-mfgt puggfys.
 ]f-n`t ^-mfgt blc tfls`dl.
 N`t tef mbttfry (mbttfr`fs) blc jefjk jebrof stbtf blc bj`c gfvfg.
 Jefjk d`g gfvfgs `l c`fsfg flo`lf, ofbrmdx blc dtefr d`g tblks.
 Jefjk jddgblt gfvfg blc nrdst prdtfjt`dl.
 Bntfr b gflotey
gflotey ldl-dpfrbt`dlbg
ldl-dpfrbt`dlbg p
pfr`dc
fr`dc (bpprdx. adltes), jefjk tef BcMguf®
(bpprdx. > adltes),
/ CFN qubg`ty.
 Jefjk nuljt`dl dn tef fgfjtr`jbg systfa.
 Dpfl `ltbkf dpfl`lo dl tef b`r n`gtfr blc dl tef fxebust dpfl`lo.
 Ztbrt c`fsfg flo`lf; jefjk d`g prfssurf; jefjk edsfs blc dtefr g`lfs ndr gfbks
blc pdrds`ty.
 Jefjk tef nuljt`dl dn tef mrbkfs blc stffr`lo.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =8: / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
3.88.8: Oflfrbg ``l

lstrujt`
t`d
dls d
dl
lwwf
fgc`lo
`lo w
wd
drk LDSF
_fgc`lo wdrk `s dlgy bggdwfc td mf jbrr`fc dut my qubg`n`fc pfrsdllfg.

Ld wfgc`lo wdrk `s bggdwfc td mf pfrndrafc dl ]DXZ/NDXZ prdtfjt`vf cfv`jfs.
_fgc`lo wdrk `s dlgy bggdwfc td mf jbrr`fc dut dl tblks blc prfssur`sfc jdapd-
lflts my spfj`bggy trb`lfc pfrsdllfg.
Zu`tbmgf n`rf fxt`lou`se`lo cfv`jfs aust mf kfpt `l rfbc`lfss, f.o. n`rf fxt`l-
ou`sefr, n`rf mgblkft, ftj.
Xrdjffc bs ndggdws td bvd`c cbabof td tef abje`lf, blc `l pbrt`jugbr td

prdtfjt tef fgfjtrdl`j jdapdlflts9
2. Fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy

 Zft fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy td "8" dr "DNN".
 ]fadvf blc tbkf bwby tef kfy.
=. Ztbrtfr mbttfry
 C`sjdllfjt lfobt`vf tfra`lbg n`rst; tefl tef pds`t`vf tfra`lbg.
:. Xguo jdllfjt`dls, f.o. dn fgfjtrdl`j cfv`jfs blc jdltrdggfrs

 C`sjdllfjt tef pguos dn fgfjtrdl`j jdltrdggfrs (f.o. dl-mdbrc jdaputfr, ftj.).
 Xugg dut tef pguos dn tef flo`lf jdltrdg ul`t blc tef bgtfrlbtdr.
 Xugg dut tef pguos dn bgg adl`tdrs, c`spgbys blc jbafrbs.
 Xugg dut tef pguos dn bgg fgfjtrdl`j jdapdlflts (bgsd sflsdrs, blogf fljdcfr
blc pds`t`dl afbsur`lo systfas `l jyg`lcfrs).
3. @apdrtblt prfjbut`dlbry afbsurfs

 Jdllfjt tef fbrte tfra`lbg c`rfjtgy td tef jdapdlflt td mf wfgcfc, blc bt tef
sedrtfst pdss`mgf c`stbljf nrda `t.
 Lfvfr jdllfjt us`lo rdtbry fgfaflts dr gddsf aftbgg`j pbrts.
 Abkf surf tefrf `s b oddc jurrflt trbls`t`dl w`tedut bly jdbts dn pb`lt dr gby-
frs dn rust.
 Cd ldt gby wfgc`lo jbmgfs pbrbggfg td fgfjtr`jbg jbmgfs.
LDSF
Nb`gurf td jdapgy
fgsf cbabofc my jbl
strbyrfsugt `l jdapdlflts pdss`mgy mfjda`lo nusfc tdoftefr dr
jurrflts.
6. Fgfjtrdl`j edus`los, fgfjtr`jbg jbm`lfts, jbmgfs, edsfs, rummfr blc

pgbst`j pbrts
 Lfvfr tduje edus`los ndr fgfjtrdl`j jdapdlflts dr fgfjtr`jbg jbmgfs w`te tef
wfgc`lo fgfjtrdcf dr tef wfgc`lo w`rf.
LDSF
Fgfjtrdl`j edus`los, fgfjtr`jbg jbm`lfts, jbmgfs, edsfs, rummfr blc pgbst`j pbrts
jbl mf cbabofc my tef fnnfjts dn efbt.
>. Nufg blc eycrbug`j systfa

 Sbkf su`tbmgf prfjbut`dls td prdtfjt tef nufg blc eycrbug`j systfas (f.o. rf-
advf dr jdvfr).
?. C`fsfg flo`lf
 Bgwbys bcefrf
bcefrf td tef drò`lbg
drò`lbg `lstrujt`
`lstrujt`dl
dl ablubg
ablubg nrda tef flo`lf
flo`lf ablunbj-
ablunbj-
turfr.
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
3.88
3.88.8
.83
3 Of
Oflf
lfrb
rbgg `l
`lst
stru
rujt
jt`d
`dls
ls dl te
tef
fssed
edrt
rt ab
ab`l
`ltf
tflb
lblj
ljf
f `ls
`lstr
truj
ujt`
t`dl
dl
B sedrt ab`ltflbljf
ab`ltflbljf `l
`lstrujt`dl
strujt`dl `s `ljgu
`ljgucfc
cfc w`te fbje
fbje abje`lf.
abje`lf.
Sef ndggdw`lo ab`ltflbljf bjt`v`t`fs brf o`vfl tefrf9
 Jefjk dl sbnfty cfv`jfs.
 N`gg`lo gfvfg jefjks.
 Jefjk dl n`gtfrs.
 Jeblo`lo n`gtfrs.
 Jeblo`lo ngu`cs.
 Gumr`jbt`dl dr orfbs`lo dn gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts.
[2Q Jebptfr luamfrs nrda tef `l- [=Q Zyamdgs ndr ab`ltflbljf wdrk
strujt`dl ablubg
[:Q Dpfrbt`dlbg edurs [3Q Ab`ltflbljf wdrk
[6Q "@lstrujt`dl ablubg" syamdg
LDSF
Sef `lstrujt`dl ablubg jdltb`ls b gbrof badult dn bcc`t`dlbg ab`ltflbljf wdrk

blc `s cfn`l`t`vf ndr tef jdrrfjt ab`ltflbljf dn tef abje`lf.
3.8
3.88.
8.86
86 Of
Oflf
lfrb
rbgg ``l
lst
strruj
ujt`
t`d
dls dl te
tef
faab
b`l
`ltf
tfl
lbl
bljf
jf ng
ngbp
bps.
s. LDSF
Vsf tef ab`ltflbljf ngbps prdv`cfc ndr bgg ab`ltflbljf wdrk dl tef c`fsfg fl-
o`lf, tef eycrbug`j systfa, tef a`gg`lo crua cr`vf, tef jdaprfssfc b`r systfa,
ftj. Sefsf aust mf dpflfc blc sfjurfc jdrrfjtgy, blc tefl gdjkfc bob`l jdr-
rfjtgy bt tef flc dn tef ab`ltflbljf wdrk..
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
LDSF
Xr`dr td bgg ab`ltflbljf wdrk dl tef abje`lf (jddgfr systfa jdvfr, eycrbug`j
n`gtfr`lo), `t `s lfjfssbry td frfjt blc sfjurf tef sbnfty mbrr`fr jdrrfjtgy mfndrf
stfpp`lo dl tef jgdsfc flo`lf jdvfr.
=8> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
LDSF
Bntfr tef ab`ltflbljf

ab`ltflbljf wdrk dl tef a abje`lf
bje`lf (jddgfr
(jddgfr systfa jdvfr,
jdvfr, eycrbug`j
eycrbug`j n`g-
tfr`lo), `t `s lfjfssbry td ndgc `l blc sfjurf tef sbnfty mbrr`frs jdrrfjtgy.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =8? / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
B`r n`gtfr`lo / puap spg`ttfr

ofbrmdx / mbttfr`fs, ftj.
 Vlgbtje tef jdvfr pblfg, dpfl `t up td tef stdp blc sfjurf `t.
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
 G`nt tef jdvfr pblfg sgòetgy blc ulgdjk, ndgc `t jgdsfc blc gdjk.
Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
Jddg`lo systfa / eycrbug`j

n`gtfr`lo
 Vlgdjk tef jdvfr dl tef ròet blc gfnt blc dpfl bs nbr bs tef stdp.
C`fsfg flo`lf n`gtfr`lo /

eycrbug`j n`gtfr`lo / nrdst
adl`tdr
 Vlgdjk tef ab`ltflbljf ngbp blc dpfl `t bs nbr bs tef stdp.

Ab`ltflbljf
Oflfrbg
Cr`vf mfgts / cr`vf mfgt puggfys
 Vlgdjk blc dpfl tef jdvfr `l tef a`ccgf blc nrdlt.
_btfr n`gtfr
 Vlgdjk blc dpfl tef jdvfr.

Ab`ltflbljf
3.82 Jebss`s / sbnfty cfv`jfs

3.82.82 Jefjk`lo sbnfty cfv`jfs
Sef ndggdw`lo `ggustrbt`dls blc cfsjr`pt`dls sedw tef pds`t`dl dn tef adst àpdr-
tblt sbnfty cfv`jfs, f.o., FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tjefs, flo`lf ZSDX muttdls,
wbrl`lo edrls ftj. LDSF
 Pdu aust pby spfj`bg bttflt`dl td tef sbnfty cfv`jfs `lstbggfc `l tef abje`lf.
 Sefy aust bgwbys mf jefjkfc ndr jdrrfjt nuljt`dl.
CBLOF]
@n tef sbnfty cfv`jfs cd ldt nuljt`dl dr nuljt`dl `ljdrrfjtgy, ydu brf ldt bg-
gdwfc td dpfrbtf tef abje`lf.
Nuljt`dlbg jefjk Cb`gy mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl
Flo`lf ZSDX muttdl AB]O@L
Jefjk9
 _`te c`fsfg flo`lf rull`lo (`cg`lo spffc), prfss muttdl.
 C`fsfg flo`lf aust stdp.
FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tje AB]O@L
Jefjk9
b) Vlgdjk bgg FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tjefs
sw`tjefs dl tef abje`lf.
abje`lf.
m) Ztbrt c`fsfg
c`fsfg flo`lf
flo`lf blc sft td `cg`lo spffc.
spffc.
j) Xrfss
Xrfss bl FAF]O
FAF]OFLJP
FLJP ZSDX sw`tje.
sw`tje.
 C`fsfg flo`lf aust stdp àafc`btfgy.
 Jefjk bgg dtefr FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tjefs dlf bntfr tef dtefr us`lo stfps
b), m) blc j).
_brl`lo edrl AB]O@L
Jefjk9
 Xrfss muttdl w`te fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy sw`tjefc dl.
 Edrl aust sdulc.
Ab`ltflbljf
]fvfrs`lo edrl AB]O@L
Jefjk9
 Xugg mbjk tef bcvbljf cr`vf gfvfr w`te tef c`fsfg flo`lf rull`lo (abje`lf
trbvfgs `l rfvfrsf).
 Sef edrl aust sdulc `ltfra`ttfltgy.
Xbtrdg gòet AB]O@L
Jefjk9
 Xrfss tef tdp dn tef sw`tje w`te fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy sw`tjefc dl.
 Xbtrdg gòet aust ngbse.
Xbrk`lo mrbkf AB]O@L
Jefjk (dlgy w`te stbt`dlbry abje`lf)9

AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt gdw trbvfgg`lo spffc

Ab`ltflbljf
AB]O@L
 Xrfss blc edgc tef pbrk`lo mrbkf muttdl - tef rfc "X" syamdg gòets up
. . . blc bt tef sbaf tàf

AB]O@L
 Ofltgy puse tef bcvbljf cr`vf gfvfr ndrwbrc

 Sef pbrk`lo mrbkf `s DK `n tef bcvbljf cr`vf `s mgdjkfc.
LDSF
@n `t `s pdss`mgf td cr`vf cfsp`tf tef pbrk`lo mrbkf mf`lo bjt`vbtfc, tef mrbkf c`sjs
aust mf jefjkfc dr rfpgbjfc àafc`btfgy blc _@]SOFL Zfrv`jf aust mf `l-
ndrafc, `n bppg`jbmgf.
3.82.8= Gòet`lo / wbrl`lo cfv`jf LDSF
_`te gòet rfadvfc, tef adult`lo `s bgwbys td mf sfbgfc wbtfr-tòet us`lo tef
rummfr muse`lo.
^`subg `lspfjt`dl Fvfry 68 dpfrbt`lo edurs

AB]O@L
Xbtrdg gòet
 Jefjk jdltbjts.
 @n lfjfssbry, jgfbl jdltbjts dr sprby w`te jdltbjt sprby.
AB]O@L
_drk`lo gòet
 Jefjk jdltbjts fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
 @n lfjfssbry, jgfbl jdltbjts dr sprby w`te jdltbjt sprby.
Ab`ltflbljf
3.82.8: Jgfbl`lo
Jgfbl`lo dn tef abje`lf Cb`gy bntfr dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl
 Vs`lo bl fxtfrlbg eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr
 Dr us`lo tef abje`lf's eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr.
LDSF
Sef eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr jdapr`sfs b eycrbug`jbggy cr`vfl puap, edsf blc

jgfblfr gbljf. @t `s usfc td jdapgftfgy jgfbl tef abje`lf bntfr dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl
us`lo tef abje`lf's suppgy dn wbtfr dr bl fxtfrlbg wbtfr suppgy.
LDSF
• Jbut`dl dl jgfbl`lo pgbst`j pbrts blc sabgg pbrts. ]`sk dn `rrfpbrbmgf cba-
bof.
• Fgfjtr`jbg jbm`lfts, fgfjtr`jbg jdupg`los, fgfjtr`jbg jdllfjtdrs
jdllfjtdrs ftj. brf ldt bg-
gdwfc td mf jgfblfc us`lo eòe prfssurf. Bl `lsugbt`dl nbugt aby djjur `n wb-
tfr pflftrbtfs tef w`r`lo.
• @n b jbafrb/adl`tdr systfa `s n`ttfc, tef adl`tdr `s dlgy bggdwfc td mf jgfblfc
w`te b cbap jgdte `n jdltba`lbtfc.
• _efl jgfbl`lo, lfvfr pd`lt tef wbtfr ift `ltd tef fxebust p`pf, dtefrw`sf tef
fxebust systfa jdugc mf cbabofc.
 X`jk up gbljf w`te eòe-prfssurf edsf.

Ab`ltflbljf
 Jdllfjt tef eòe-prfssurf edsf td tef jdllfjtdr.
 Dpfl tef ab`l wbtfr seut-dnn vbgvf.

AB]O@L
 Ztbrt c`fsfg flo`lf blc rul `t bt a`làua spffc.

Ab`ltflbljf
 Xrfss blc edgc tef "eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr" muttdl ult`g tef eòe-prfssurf
puap rfab`ls `l dpfrbt`dl.
 Xrfss tef gfvfr dl tef jgfbl`lo gbljf, edgc `t blc jgfbl tef abje`lf.
LDSF
Bntfr 26 a`lutfs
a`lutfs w`tedut nu
nurtefr
rtefr dpf
dpfrbt`dl,
rbt`dl, tef eòe-prf
eòe-prfssurf
ssurf jgfblfr
jgfblfr sw`tjefs `t-
sfgn dnn butdabt`jb
butdabt`jbggy.
ggy.
Ab`ltflbljf
 Zw`tje dnn tef eòe-prfssurf puap bntfr jdapgft`dl dn tef jgfbl`lo prdjfss.
AB]O@L
 Zw`tje dnn c`fsfg flo`lf.
 Jgdsf tef ab`l wbtfr seut-dnn vbgvf.


C`sjdllfjt tef eòe-prfssurf edsf, rdgg `t up blc stdw `t bwby.
LDS@JF
Cd ldt k`lk tef eòe-prfssurf edsf.
Ab`ltflbljf
Jgfbl`lo tef jbm`l Cb`gy bntfr dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl

 _`te tef abje`lf's dwl jdaprfssfc b`r systfa.
 Dpfl tef ab`ltflbljf ngbp mfe`lc tef jbm`l.

 Jdllfjt tef jdaprfssfc b`r oul td tef jdllfjtdr dl tef edsf.
AB]O@L
 Ztbrt c`fsfg flo`lf blc rul `t bt a`làua spffc.

Ab`ltflbljf
 Jgfbl tef jbm`l w`te jdaprfssfc b`r.
 Sefl uljdupgf tef jdaprfssfc b`r edsf blc stdw `t bwby; jgdsf tef ab`ltf-
lbljf ngbp.
AB]O@L

==8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
3.8= Dpfrbtdr's stblc

3.8=.82 Dpfrbtdr's jbm`l
^`subg `lspfjt`dl ndr Fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
jdltba`lbt`dl
jdltba`lbt`dl (efbtfr nrfse
b`r)
 Jgfbl dr jeblof tef n`gtfr fgfaflt `n rfqu`rfc mut bt gfbst dljf b yfbr.
^`subg `lspfjt`dl ndr Fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs

jdltba`lbt`dl (efbtfr
rfj`rjugbt`lo
rfj`rjugbt`lo b`r)
 Jgfbl dr jeblof tef n`gtfr fgfaflt `n rfqu`rfc mut bt gfbst dljf b yfbr.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ==2 / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
N`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk (w`lcdw Fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs

wbsefr)
 N`gg tef jdltb`lfr w`te wbtfr wefl rfqu`rfc. A`x w`te jdaafrj`bg blt`-nrffzf
(ndr w`lcdw wbsefrs) `l jdgc wfbtefr.
3.8=.8= B`r jdlc`t`dlfr

Sef ndggdw`lo ab`ltflbljf tbsks blc sbnfty rfougbt`dls brf oflfrbg spfj`n`jb-
t`dls.
Ndr dtefr spfj`bg ab`ltflbljf blc sbnfty `lndrabt`dl, jdltbjt _@]SOFL td dm-
tb`l tef drò`lbg `lstrujt`dl ablubg nrda tef b`r jdlc`t`dlfr ablunbjturfr.
LDSF
Zbnfty rfougbt`dls
Sef rfnròfrbt`dl
rfnròfrbt`dl j`rju`t `s n`ggfc w`te ]2:3B sbnfty rfnròfrblt.
rfnròfrblt.
Lfvfr usf edt stfba td jgfbl tef systfa jdapdlflts.
Vsf l`trdofl.
Bgtfrlbt`vfgy,
Bgtfrlbt`vfgy, cry jdaprf
jdaprfssfcssfc b`r jbl mf usfc.
Efbt`lo pbrts dn tef fljgdsfc rfnròfrblt j`rju`t o`vfs r`sf td eòe prfssurf `l tef
systfa, we`je jbl gfbc td cbabof dr jbusf bl fxpgds`dl.
Sefrfndrf, wfgc`lo blc sdgcfr`lo dr mrbz`lo wdrk `s ldt pfra`ttfc dl tef systfa
dr `l tef àafc`btf v`j`l`ty.
=== / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Zw`tje`lo dl tef b`r Fvfry =68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs

jdlc`t`dlfr
 dpfrbtf tef b`r jdlc`t`dlfr bpprdxàbtfgy 6 td 28 a`lutfs (duts`cf dn tef jddg-

`lo sfbsdl blc cur`lo fxtflcfc ldl-dpfrbt`dlbg pfr`dcs).
LDSF
Se`s rfougbr dpfrbt`dl prdjfcurf `s rfqu`rfc ndr tef sfbg dl tef jrblksebnt dn tef
jdaprfssdr td mf gumr`jbtfc. Sef jrblksebnt sfbg dlgy sfbgs prdpfrgy `n `t `s gumr`-
jbtfc sunn`j`fltgy.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ==: / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Jefjk b`r n`gtfr Fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 @n lfjfssbry, edwfvfr bt gfbst dljf fvfry s`x adltes, jgfbl dr jeblof jdltb-
a`lbtfc b`r n`gtfrs.
Jeblo`lo tef cryfr jbrtr`cof Bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy

yfbrgy LDSF
Se`s wdrk `s dlgy bggdwfc td mf pfrndrafc my qubg`n`fc wdrkfrs wed ebvf oddc
kldwgfcof dn rfnròfrbt`dl tfjeldgdoy.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Jefjk tef jdlcflsfr Fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 `n lfjfssbry, ndgc up tef jdlcflsfr blc jgfbl `t dl mdte s`cfs.

Jefjk tef vbpdr`zfr Bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy
yfbrgy
 jgfbl `n lfjfssbry. LDSF
Zft tef prfssurf rfcujfr dl tef l`trdofl mdttgf, tef jdaprfssfc b`r mdttgf dr dl
tef b`r jdaprfssdr td b gdw prfssurf vbguf, `l drcfr td bvd`c cbabo`lo tef sgbts.
^`subg `lspfjt`dl (fgfjtr`jbg Bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy

yfbrgy
jdllfjtdrs, edsf blc p`pf
jdllfjt`dls)
 Jefjk fgfjtr`jbg jdllfjtdrs, edsf blc p`pf jdllfjt`dls ndr jebnf abrks.
 ]ftòetfl edsf jdllfjt`dls, `n rfqu`rfc.

 Jefjk fgfjtr`jbg jdllfjtdrs ndr prdpfr jdltbjt (sdg`c sfbt).
3.8: A`gg`lo crua ul`t

3.8:.82 A`gg`lo crua ofbrmdx
^`subg `lspfjt`dl ndr gfbks Cb`gy
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
N`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk Fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 Vsf tef eblc jrblk, a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf dr tef fgfjtr`jbg p`jk fx-
trbjtdr td turl tef a`gg`lo crua ult`g tef n`gg`lo / crb`l pguo `s bpprdx. `l tef :
d'jgdjk pds`t`dl.
 ]fadvf n`ggfr / crb`l pguo.
 D`g gfvfg aust mf up td tef dpfl`lo - tdp up d`g `n lfjfssbry.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
==> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
D`g jeblof 2st jeblof cur`lo rul`lo-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefl fvfry 688
dpfrbt`dlbg edurs mut bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy.
 Gddsfl blc rfadvf tef n`gg`lo / crb`l pguo.

 Vsf tef eblc jrblk, a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf dr tef fgfjtr`jbg p`jk fxtrbj-
tdr td turl tef a`gg`lo crua ult`g tef dpfl`lo `s pd`lt`lo cdwlwbrcs.
 Jdggfjt d`g `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr
jdltb`lfr..
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ==? / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
N`gg `l d`g
tdr td turl tef a`gg`lo crua ult`g tef jefjk dpfl`lo `s bpprdx. `l tef : d'jgdjk
pds`t`dl.
 N`gg `l lfw d`g
 D`g aust gòetgy c`sjebrof nrda tef dpfl`lo.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
3.8:.8= Jeblo`lo tef p`jks

Jefjk dl tef p`jks Cb`gy (nrfqufl
(nrfqufltgy)
tgy)
 ]fpfbtfc jefjks ndr wfbr blc tfbr - jeblof p`jks, `n lfjfssbry.

tdr td turl tef a`gg`lo crua ult`g tef p`jks / p`jk suppdrts brf bjjfss`mgf.
LDSF
@t aust bgwbys mf flsurfc tebt tef a`gg`lo p`jks brf `l àabjugbtf jdlc`t`dl `l
drcfr td bje`fvf dptàbg ut`g`sbt`dl dn abje`lf jbpbj`ty.
Jgfbl`lo tef a`gg`lo crua Cb`gy

 Sedrduoe jgfbl`lo dn tef a`gg`lo crua w`te b eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Jeblo`lo tef p`jks . . . f`tefr

 Zft flo`lf spffc td A@L.
. . . dr
 Vsf tef fgfjtrd-eycrbug`j ul`t
 G`nt tef a`gg`lo crua jdapgftfgy up td tef flc pd`lt.

 Nuggy g`nt abje`lf td tef flc pd`lt.
 N`t sbnfty suppdrts.
 Gdwfr abje`lf dltd tef sbnfty suppdrts.
 Dpfl tef ]FB] a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr up td `ts eòefst pds`t`dl.
 Zft tef SDDG FUJEBLOF sw`tje td "@" blc rfadvf tef kfy (tddg fxjeblof
jdltrdg pblfg).
 ]fadvf cbabofc dr wdrl p`jks us`lo bl fgfjtr`jbg p`jk fxtrbjtdr, plfuabt`j

p`jk fxtrbjtdr dr b ebaafr blc cr`nt.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 Ebaafr `l lfw p`jks w`te jdppfr/pgbst`j ebaafr dr plfuabt`j p`jk cr`vfr.

LDSF
Flsurf prdpfr sfbt`lo dn tef a`gg`glo p`jks (`t aust mf pdss`mgf td turl tef p`jks
nrffgy my eblc).
AB]O@L
 Vsf tef eblc jrblk, a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf dr tef eycrbug`j p`jk fxtrbj-
tdr td turl tef a`gg`lo crua ult`g bgg p`jks jbl mf jefjkfc blc/dr jeblofc.
=:8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
3.8:.8: Ru`jk-jeblof ttd

ddgedgcfr s
syystfa
Jefjk dl tef p`jk suppdrts Cb`gy (nrfqufl
(nrfqufltgy)
tgy)
 ]fpfbtfcgy jefjk ndr sòls dn wfbr blc n`ra sfbt`lo.

 @n lfjfssbry, rfpgbjf p`jk suppdrts.
 Xds`t`dl a`gg`lo crua us`lo a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf (eblc jrblk `n lfjfs-
sbry) suje tebt tef p`jks / p`jk suppdrts brf bjjfss`mgf.
LDSF
@t `s àpfrbt`vf td flsurf tef p`jk suppdrts brf `l oddc jdlc`t`dl.
Jeblo`lo tef p`jk suppdrts
 Jgfbl bjjfss edgf ndr Bggfl sjrfw.

 ]fadvf efx pguo.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =:2 / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 Jbrfnuggy jgfbl efx sdjkft.

 Vlcd Bggfl sjrfw my eblc us`lo b su`tbmgf Bggfl kfy.
 Jdapgftfgy ulsjrfw Bggfl sjrfw blc rfadvf.
LDSF
Sef nugg cfpte dn tef Bggfl kfy aust mf bvb`gbmgf.
Cd ldt usf wdrl tddgs!
 ]fadvf p`jk suppdrt.

=:= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 Jefjk ndr cbabof td tef terfbcfc edgf blc tef jyg`lcr`jbg ou`cf dn tef mdt-
tda pbrt dn tef p`jk suppdrt wfgcfc dltd tef a`gg`lo crua.
 Xrdv`cf oddc jdltbjt surnbjf.
LDSF
Sefrf `s ldt bggdwfc td my bly a`ggfc abtfr`bg `l tef mdttda pbrt bntfr jgfbl`lo.
Sef jdltbjt surnbjfs mftwffl tef tdp blc mdttda pbrts aust abkf nuggy n`tt`lo
jdltbjt w`te dlf bldtefr, w`tedut b obp.
Sef surnbjf dn tef mdttda pbrt dn tef edgcfr aust mf saddte blc ulcbabofc.
Bl ulfvfl surnbjf gfb
gfbcs
cs td nurtefr cbabof td tef mdttda blc
blc tdp pbrts.
pbrts.
 Xugg dl b lfw mdttda pbrt sfbg.

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =:: / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 Orfbsf p`jk suppdrt sebnt us`lo tfapfrbturf-rfs`stblt orfbsf.

 Orfbsf b lfw Bggfl sjrfw us`lo tfapfrbturf-rfs`stblt orfbsf. Cd ldt usf
wdrl sjrfws.
 N`t p`jk suppdrt.
 @lsfrt tef Bggfl sjrfw.
 Zjrfw `l tef sjrfw bpprdx. : turls my eblc. @n `t `s dlgy pdss`mgf td sjrfw `l
tef Bggfl sjrfw us`lo b gbrof badult dn ndrjf, tef terfbc dn tef mdttda pbrt
aust mf rf-jut us`lo b tbp.
 Zjrfw `l Bggfl sjrfw my eblc blc tòetfl td b tdrquf dn >68 La.

LDSF
Dlgy usf b ablubggy-dpfrbtfc tdrquf wrflje ndr tòetfl`lo tef Bggfl sjrfws.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 My e`tt`lo tef p`jk suppdrt w`te b ebaafr (2 ko jdppfr ebaafr) jefjk

weftefr tef p`jk suppdrt sfttgfs nurtefr (sdulc tfst).
 Sefl tòetfl Bggfl sjrfw td b tdrquf dn >68 La bob`l.
 N`t lfw efx pguo.
Sòetfl tef Bggfl sjrfws Fvfry =68 / 688 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs

@t `s àpfrbt`vf tef Bggfl sjrfws brf rf-tòetflfc bntfr tef 2st dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl
(bpprdx. 28 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs) td >68 La, tefl fvfry =68 dr 688 dpfrbt`dlbg
edurs. @n b sjrfw jbl mf tòetflfc my adrf tebl dlf turl, tef mdttda p`fjf aust
mf jefjkfc.
 ES : fvfry =68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
 ES 22 fvfry =68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
 ES == fvfry 688 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
3.8:.83 _fbr pbttfrls AB]O@L
Oddc p`jk rdtbt`dlbg mfebv`dur 1 gdw wfbr

Ndr te`s rfbsdl pby bttflt`dl td9
 Jgfbl p`jk suppdrt mdrf
 Bcfqubtf wbtfr jddg`lo
Ldrabg p`jk wfbr stbofs
]fcujt`dl `l jutt`lo cfpte  _fbr trbvfg bt tef p`jk suppdrt9

cuf td c`nnfrflt wfbr stbtfs ES: 1 2= aa
ES22 1 2> aa
ES== 1 :8 aa

_fbr trbvfgdl
Cfpflc`lo bt tef p`jk9
typf9 nrda 0 aa td =8 aa
=:> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Dptàua wfbr AB]O@L
X`jk w`te jbp-sebpfc jbrm`cf t`p.

Fxjeblof rfjdaaflcfc.
AB]O@L
X`jk w`te jbp-sebpfc jbrm`cf t`p blc jebanfrfc wfbr c`sj.

Fxjeblof rfjdaaflcfc.
AB]O@L
X`jk w`te jyg`lcr`jbg jbrm`cf t`p.
Vlwbltfc wfbr AB]O@L
X`jk w`te jbp-sebpfc jbrm`cf t`p.

Sef wfbr c`sj `s efbv`gy wdrl blc cdfs ldt prdv`cf bcfqubtf prdtfjt`dl ndr tef
p`jk suppdrt.
Sef p`jk mdcy (w`te t`p) `s dlgy dlf te`rc wdrl.
Dptàua rdtbt`dl mfebv`dur dvfrbgg.
AB]O@L
X`jk w`te jbp-sebpfc jbrm`cf t`p9

Jbrm`cf nrbjturf - afjebl`jbg dvfrgdbc cuf td ebrc dmifjts/abtfr`bgs tebt jblldt
mf jut dr mrdkfl;
f.o. rf`lndrj`lo stffg rdcs, mdugcfrs dr abledgf jdvfrs `l tef surnbjfs dr abtfr`-
bgs td mf a`ggfc.
Sefrabg dvfrgdbc my fxjfss`vf tfapfrbturf `l tef jutt`lo prdjfss blc `lbcf-
qubtf wbtfr suppgy.
AB]O@L

Ztffg dmifjt frds`dl - dvfrgdbc my fxjfss`vf nffc rbtf.
Ztffg dmifjt frds`dl - cuf td wdrk`lo `l sdnt a`ggfc abtfr`bg.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =:? / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
AB]O@L

Fxjfss`vf gflotewbys wfbr. Ld adrf jbrm`cf `s v`s`mgf.
Sef wfbr wbs cftfjtfc tdd gbtf.
Sef abxàua p`jk g`nf ebs mffl fxjffcfc.
AB]O@L

Jgbap`lo sgffvf blc wfbr c`sj wdrl.
AB]O@L

Xddr rdtbt`dl - strdlo, dlf-s`cfc wfbr dl tef p`jk efbc blc dl tef jbrm`cf t`p.
Jdltba`lbt`dl dn tef p`jk suppdrt edgf - `lbcfqubtf wbtfr suppgy.
Se`s `s bgsd pdss`mgf `n tef p`jk suppdrt `s efbv`gy wdrl.
Dptàua p`jk suppdrt 1 gdw wfbr

Ndr te`s rfbsdl pby bttflt`dl td9
 Jgfbl p`jk suppdrt sebnt
 bcfqubtf wbtfr spr`lkg`lo
AB]O@L
Lfw p`jk suppdrt.

Adl`tdr tef wfbr jdlc`t`dl dn tef p`jk suppdrts w`te rfnfrfljf td tef abrk`los.
AB]O@L
Ldrabg wfbr bntfr bpprdx. 588 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.

Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
3.8:.86 Nrdlt turltbmgf

Surltbmgf mdgts ]ftòetfl mdgts cur`lo rul-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefrfbntfr fvfry
=68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 Dpfl tef gfnt ab`ltflbljf ngbp blc rftòetfl tef mdgts td =68 La (tdrquf
wrflje).
 Dpfl tef ròet jdvfr blc rftòetfl tef mdgts td =68 La (tdrquf wrflje).
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
3.8:.8> A`gg`lo crua mfbr`lo

 Vlcd `lspfjt`dl sjrfw blc rfadvf.

 D`g gfvfg aust mf up td tef dpfl`lo - tdp up d`g `n lfjfssbry.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 Gddsfl blc rfadvf tef crb`l pguo.

 Gddsfl blc rfadvf `lspfjt`dl sjrfw td mgffc tef systfa.
 Jdggfjt d`g `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr
jdltb`lfr..
 Jgdsf dpfl`los.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t

 N`gg w`te lfw d`g.
 D`g aust rul dut dn tef dpfl`lo.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
3.8:.8? Cr`vf mfgts
_B]L@LO
Sbk`lo dnn blc putt`lo dl cr`vf mfgts.
Cblofr dn jruse`lo gàms.
• tbkf su`tbmgf sbnfty prfjbut`dl
prfjbut`dls.
s.
• Dlgy tbkf dnn / put dl cr`vf mfgts us`lo b su`tbmgf tddg.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Jefjk (tfls`dlfr rdggfr) Fvfry =68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 Jefjk tfls`dlfr rdggfr stdppfr (afbsurf) blc rf-bciust `n lfjfssbry.
Jefjk (cr`vf mfgts) Fvfry =68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 Jefjk cr`vf mfgts (wfbr) blc rfpgbjf, `n lfjfssbry.

LDSF
Mfndrf lfw cr`vf mfgts brf n`ttfc, tef cr`vf mfgt puggfys aust mf jefjkfc ndr wfbr
blc, `n lfjfssbry, rfpgbjfc w`te lfw puggfys.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
]fpgbj`lo cr`vf mfgts AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Surl tef rdtbry muttdl td tef nrdlt blc edgc `t ult`g tef a`gg`lo crua `s ldt `l
jdltbjt w`te tef ordulc.
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef Flo`lf Ztdp muttdl blc edgc ult`g tef c`fsfg flo`lf ebs stdppfc.
AB]O@L
 Zw`tje fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy DNN blc sbnfoubrc bob`lst ulbutedr`sfc

sw`tje-dl (rfadvf kfy).
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 ]fadvf tef jdvfr bt tef rfbr (gddsfl blc rfadvf tef sjrfws).
 ]fadv`lo cr`vf mfgts

Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 N`t lfw cr`vf mfgts. LDSF
@t `s fssflt`bg td flsurf prdpfr sfbt dn tef cr`vf mfgts.
Bciust`lo tef tfls`dlfr rdggfr

stdppfr
 Vlcd jdultfr lut blc bciust tfls`dlfr rdggfr us`lo tef bciust`lo sjrfw suje
tebt tef cr`vf mfgts jblldt tduje tef jdvfr dr iuap dut dn tef orddvfs `l tef
ultfls`dlfc stbtf.
 Sòetfl jdultfr lut.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 @lstbgg tef jdvfr bt tef rfbr.
3.8:.85 Cr`vf mfgt puggfys
_B]L@LO
Sbk`lo dnn blc putt`lo dl cr`vf mfgt puggfys.
Cblofr dn jruse`lo gàms.
• tbkf su`tbmgf sbnfty prfjbut`dl
prfjbut`dls.
s.
• Dlgy tbkf dnn / put dl cr`vf mfgt puggfys us`lo b su`tbmgf tddg.
 ]fadvf tef jdvfr bt tef rfbr (gddsfl blc rfadvf tef sjrfws).
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
_fbr jefjk Fvfry =68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 Jeblof cr`vf mfgt puggfys `n lfjfssbry.

LDSF
Nbugty cr`vf mfgt puggfys w`gg rfsugt `l prfabturf wfbr blc nb`gurf dn tef cr`vf
mfgts. _fbr `s cuf td bmrbs`dl cur`lo dpfrbt`dl dr tef `ljgus`dl dn ndrfòl mdc`fs
(cust, rust ftj.).
Sd flsurf rfg`bmgf dpfrbt`dl, bgg cr`vf mfgt puggfys aust mf rflfwfc nrda tef
sbaf sft. @t `s fssflt`bg td flsurf prdpfr sfbt dn tef cr`vf mfgt puggfys.
Dl jeblo`lo tef cr`vf mfgt puggfys, `t `s àpfrbt`vf td flsurf tef cr`vf mfgts brf
jdrrfjtgy rf-n`ttfc.
Ztfp 2
@lsfrt tfst obuof - bs sedwl - `l tef prdn`gf dl tef cr`vf mfgt puggfy.
@n tef tfst obuof n`ts `l tef prdn`gf, tef cr`vf mfgt puggfy `s DK.
Ztfp =
]dtbtf tfst obuof my 258¸ blc `lsfrt - bs sedwl - `l tef prdn`gf dl tef cr`vf mfgt
puggfy.
@n tef tfst obuof `s `l jdltbjt w`te tef dutfr c`baftfr dn tef prdn`gf, tef cr`vf mfgt
puggfy aust mf rfpgbjfc.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
B`cs ndr rfpgbj`lo cr`vf mfgt puggfys9
B 1 `lstbggbt`dl mdgt (ndr
mdgt (ndr jgbap`lo blc sfjur`lo tef gddsflfc cr`vf mfgt puggfys).
LDSF
Bntfr jdapgft`dl
jdapgft`dl dn tef rrfpgbjfafl
fpgbjfafltt wdrk, tef `lstbggbt`dl
`lstbggbt`dl mdgt aust
aust mf rfadvfc
rfadvfc
nrda tef rfgfvblt cr`vf mfgt puggfy blc mf sfjurfgy sjrfwfc `ltd tef rfjfptbjgf dn
tef jdvfr.
M 1 sjrfw edgcfr (ndr
(ndr cfpds`t`lo tef gddsflfc sjrfws dn b cr`vf mfgt puggfy).
LDSF
Sefrf aust ldt mf bly sjrfws gfnt `l tef sjrfw edgcfr bntfr jdapgft`dl dn tef rf-
pgbjfaflt wdrk.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Jeblo`lo tef nrdlt cr`vf mfgt

LDS@JF
puggfy
Mfndrf ulnbstfl`lo tef eycr. prfssurf p`pf, su`tbmgf afbsurfs aust mf tbkfl td
jdvfr tef cr`vf mfgt puggfy.
@t `s fssflt`bg td abkf surf tebt ld d`g cr`ps dltd tef cr`vf mfgt puggfy.
 2 1 Vlnbstfl blc pugg dnn tef eycr. prfssurf p`pf.

 = 1 Gddsfgy sjrfw eycr. prfssurf p`pf dltd tef wfgc-`l sjrfw jdllfjt`dl.
 : 1 Jgdsf tef eycrbug`j sjrfw jdllfjt`dl w`te tef pguo.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 3 1 Zjrfw `l tef `lstbggbt`dl mdgt up td tef stdp `l tef jgbap`lo edgf.

 6 1 Gddsfl sjrfws blc cfpds`t tefa `l tef sjrfw edgcfr.
 > 1 Vlsjrfw tef `lstbggbt`dl mdgt blc sjrfw `t `ltd dlf dn tef tdp tbp edgfs up
td tef stdp.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
 ? 1 Zjrfw twd dn tef sjrfws `ltd tef ndrjf-dnn edgfs.

 5 1 Zjrfw `l mdte sjrfws fvflgy ult`g tef cr`vf mfgt puggfy ebs mffl gddsflfc
blc nrffgy rfsts dl tef `lstbggbt`dl mdgt.
 0 1 ]fadvf cr`vf mfgt puggfy blc pgbjf dl dlf s`cf.
LDS@JF
Mfndrf sjrfw`lo dl tef eycr. prfssurf p`pf jdrrfjtgy, su`tbmgf afbsurfs aust mf
tbkfl td jdvfr tef cr`vf mfgt puggfy.
@t `s fssflt`bg td abkf surf tebt ld d`g cr`ps dltd tef cr`vf mfgt puggfy.
 N`t lfw cr`vf mfgt puggfy blc tòetfl jrdss-w`sf w`te tef rfqu`rfc tdrquf bj-
jdrc`lo td sà`gbr wdrkngdw.

Zjrfw tef eycr. prfssurf p`pf mbjk dl jdrrfjtgy.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Jeblo`lo tef jfltrf cr`vf

mfgt puggfy
 2 1 Zjrfw `l tef `lstbggbt`dl mdgt up td tef stdp `l tef jgbap`lo edgf.

 = 1 Gddsfl sjrfws blc cfpds`t tefa `l tef sjrfw edgcfr.
 : 1 Vlsjrfw tef `lstbggbt`dl mdgt blc sjrfw `t `ltd dlf dn tef tdp tbp edgfs up
td tef stdp.
 3 1 Zjrfw twd dn tef sjrfws `ltd tef ndrjf-dnn edgfs.
 6. ]fadvf cr`vf mfgt puggfy blc pgbjf dl dlf s`cf.
 N`t lfw cr`vf mfgt puggfy blc tòetfl jrdss-w`sf w`te tef rfqu`rfc tdrquf
bjjdrc`lo td sà`gbr wdrkngdw.
Ab`ltflbljf
A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Jeblo`lo tef rfbr cr`vf mfgt

puggfy
 2 1 Gddsfl sjrfws blc cfpds`t tefa `l tef sjrfw edgcfr.

 = 1 Zjrfw tef `lstbggbt`dl mdgt `ltd dlf dn tef tdp tbp edgfs up td tef stdp.
 : 1 Zjrfw twd dn tef sjrfws `ltd tef ndrjf-dnn edgfs.
 6 1 ]fadvf cr`vf mfgt puggfy blc pgbjf dl dlf s`cf.
 N`t lfw cr`vf mfgt puggfy blc tòetfl jrdss-w`sf w`te tef rfqu`rfc tdrquf
bjjdrc`lo td sà`gbr wdrkngdw.
Ab`ltflbljf
 @lstbgg tef jdvfr bt tef rfbr (sjrfw `l blc tòetfl tef sjrfws).
 Jgdsf bgg ab`ltflbljf ngbps dn tef cr`vf mfgt mdx.
3.83 Flo`lf / adtdr ordup

3.83.82 C`fsfg flo`lf `l oflfrbg LDSF
Bgg tef ab`ltflbljf

ab`ltflbljf wdr
wdrk
k g`stfc `l tef nd
ndggdw`lo
ggdw`lo `s oflfrbg
oflfrbg `lndrabt`dl.
`lndrabt`dl.
Ndr nurtefr ab`ltflbljf wdrk dl tef c`fsfg flo`lf, pgfbsf rfnfr td tef drò`lbg
`lstrujt`dl ablubg nrda tef flo`lf ablunbjturfr.
C`fsfg flo`lf - jdltba`lbt`dl Cb`gy

jefjk  Jefjk c`fsfg flo`lf fxtfrlbggy ndr jdltba`lbt`dl blc gfbks; jgfbl `n lfjfs-
sbry.
 Bgsd jefjk tef v`j`l`ty
v`j`l`ty dn tef nuf
nufgg `lifjt`dl puap
puap ndr jdltba`lbt`dl;
jdltba`lbt`dl; jgfbl
jgfbl `n
lfjfssbry.
Ab`ltflbljf
Edsfs blc nufg g`lfs Jefjk fvfry 688 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
 Jefjk edsfs ndr cbabof.

 ]flfw gfbk`lo dr cbabofc edsfs.
Edsf jgbaps Jefjk cur`lo rul-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefrfbntfr fvfry 688 dpfr-
bt`dlbg edurs.
 Jefjk ndr gddsf edsf jgbaps blc rf-tòetfl.
^-mfgts / pdgy-^-mfgts Sfls`dl jefjk cur`lo rul-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefrfbntfr fvfry
688 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
 ]f-tfls`dl dr rflfw ^-mfgts / pdgy-^-mfgts `n lfjfssbry.
Ab`ltflbljf
3.83.8= C`fsfg flo`lf nufg systfa LDSF
Bgg tef ab`ltflbljf

ab`ltflbljf wdr
wdrk
k g`stfc `l tef nd
ndggdw`lo
ggdw`lo `s oflfrbg
`lndrabt`dl.
N`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk Cb`gy (nrfqufl

(nrfqufltgy)
tgy)
@n tef n`gg`lo gfvfg `s tdd gdw9

 Sef rfc GFC gòets up (c`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg pblfg)
 B tfxt afssbof bppfbrs d
dl
l tef c`spgby
c`spgby dn tef dl-mdbrc
dl-mdbrc jdaputfr.
jdaputfr.
Sdp-up nufg
 ]fadvf tef tblk g`c.

 @lsfrt nufg edsf blc n`gg tef tblk.
 ]fpgbjf tef tblk g`c.
Ab`ltflbljf
Crb`l`lo wbtfr nrda tef nufg Bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy

yfbrgy
tblk
 Vlsjrfw jdvfr g`c.

 Zjrfw dl spfj`bg edsf (`ljgucfc `l tef `tfas suppg`fc) blc jdggfjt nufg `l b
su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
 Adl`tdr ngu`c ngdw`lo dut blc rfadvf edsf dl tef trbls`t`dl nrda wbtfr td nufg.
 Sòetfl jdvfr g`c. LDSF
@l jbsf dn trujk trblspdrt v`b pumg`j rdbcs, tef nufg tblk aust ldt jdltb`l adrf
tebl 2,888 g`trfs dn c`fsfg. Fgsf tef trblspdrt `s sumifjt td tef OO^Z (Ofrably
dlgy)
Ab`ltflbljf
Jeblo`lo tef nufg n`gtfr 2st jeblof cur`lo rull`lo-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefl fvfry 688
dpfrbt`dlbg edurs mut bt gfbst 2x fvfry s`x adltes.
 Gddsfl n`gtfr fgfaflt w`te su`tbmgf tddg blc rfadvf `t.

 Gòetgy d`g D-r`lo sfbg.
 N`t lfw n`gtfr fgfaflt blc tòetfl my eblc.
Ab`ltflbljf
Jeblo`lo tef nufg prf-n`gtfr 2st jeblof cur`lo rull`lo-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefl fvfry 688
 Jgdsf tef seut-dnn vbgvf (nufg g`lf).

 ]fadvf tef sflsdr jbmgf.
 Gddsfl wbtfr jdggfjt`dl c`se (3) w`te su`tbmgf tddg blc rfadvf `t.
 Gddsfl n`gtfr fgfaflt (=) w`te su`tbmgf tddg blc rfadvf `t.
 Gòetgy d`g blc `lsfrt D-r`lo sfbgs (2+:).
 N`t lfw n`gtfr fgfaflt (=) blc tòetfl my eblc.
 N`t wbtfr jdggfjt`dl c`se (3) blc tòetfl my eblc.

 Jdllfjt sflsdr jbmgf.
 Dpfl tef seut-dnn vbgvf (nufg g`lf).
=>8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Cfwbtfr`lo tef nufg prf-n`gtfr Cb`gy
 Jgdsf tef seut-dnn vbgvf (nufg g`lf).

 Xgbjf jdggfjt`lo jdltb`lfr ulcfr tef wbtfr sfpbrbtdr.
 Gddsfl tef crb`l pguo, dmsfrvf tef crb`l`lo ngu`c blc tòetfl bob`l wefl `t
jeblofs nrda wbtfr td nufg.
 Dpfl tef seut-dnn vbgvf (nufg g`lf).
 Jefjk ndr tòetlfss bntfr rfstbrt`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =>2 / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Nufg g`lfs Mgffc (dlgy bntfr n`gtfr jeblof). . .

Ndr mgffc`lo, tef sdgfld`c vbgvf `l tef suppgy g`lf aust mf dpflfc (GFC dl
tef jdllfjtdr edus`lo dn tef sdgfld`c vbgvf gòets up)
 Xgbjf jdggfjt`lo jdltb`lfr ulcfr tef nufg prf-n`gtfr.

 Gddsfl mgffcfr sjrfw.
 Zw`tje dl tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy 1< tef sdgfld`c vbgvf dpfls ndr bmdut :
a`lutfs (GFC gòets up).
 Dpfrbtf tef nufg eblc puap ult`g nufg `s c`sjebrofc w`tedut b`r mummgfs nrda
tef mgffcfr sjrfw.
 Sòetfl tef mgffcfr sjrfw. LDSF
@n tef mgffc`lo prdjfcurf ebs ldt n`l`sefc w`te`l tef : a`lutfs (GFC `s ld gdlofr
g`t) blc tef c`fsfg flo`lf cdfs ldt stbrt, prfss tef "Flo`lf ZSDX" muttdl 1< tef
sdgfld`c vbgvf dpfls ndr bldtefr : a`lutfs (GFC gòets up); pfrndra tef mgffc`lo
prdjfcurf bob`l.
3.83.8: C`fsfg flo`lf d`g LDSF
Bgg tef ab`ltflbljf

ab`ltflbljf wdr
wdrk
k g`stfc `l tef nd
ndggdw`lo
ggdw`lo `s oflfrbg
`lndrabt`dl.
=>= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Flo`lf d`g n`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk Cb`gy (mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl)
 Sef c`pst`jk aust `lc`jbtf b gfvfg mftwffl A@L blc ABU; tdp up flo`lf d`g, `n
lfjfssbry.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =>: / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Jeblo`lo tef flo`lf d`g 2st jeblof cur`lo rull`lo-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefl fvfry 688
 Vlcd jdvfr blc rfadvf.

 Zjrfw dl spfj`bg edsf (`ljgucfc `l tef `tfas suppg`fc) blc jdggfjt flo`lf d`g
`l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
 ]fadvf edsf.
 Sòetfl jdvfr g`c.
 N`t tef jdvfr jdrrfjtgy.
Ab`ltflbljf
 N`gg `l lfw flo`lf d`g.
Jeblo`lo tef d`g n`gtfr 2st jeblof cur`lo rull`lo-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefl fvfry 688
 Xgbjf tef jdggfjt`lo trby ulcfr tef n`gtfr fgfaflt.

 ]fadvf tef jdggfjt`lo trby.
3.83.83 C`fsfg f
fl
lo`lf b
b``r nn``gtfr`lo LDSF
Bgg tef ab`ltflbljf

ab`ltflbljf wdr
wdrk
k g`stfc `l tef nd
ndggdw`lo
ggdw`lo `s oflfrbg
`lndrabt`dl.
Ab`ltflbljf
B`r n`gtfr Cb`gy
 Jefjk ndr jdltba`lbt`dl (c`spgby afssbof, pby bttflt`dl td tef c`spgby dl

tef "c`fsfg flo`lf" jdltrdg pblfg (jbm`l) blc afjebl`jbg c`spgby dl tef nrdlt
ròet g`nt`lo jdgual) - rfc GFC dl tef "c`fsfg flo`lf" jdltrdg pblfg `s ldt bg-
gdwfc td gòet up, afjebl`jbg c`spgby `s ldt bggdwfc td pd`lt td tef rfc brfb.
 Jgfbl dr jeblof tef n`gtfr fgfaflt `n lfjfssbry.
=>> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Jeblo`lo tef n`gtfr fgfaflts _efl rfqu`rfc mut bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy
LDSF
Se`s cfsjr`mfs dpfl`lo blc jeblo`lo tef n`gtfr fgfaflts dl dlf b`r n`gtfr ul`t.
Ab`ltflbljf dl tef sfjdlc b`r n`gtfr ul`t `s pfrndrafc bjjdrc`logy w`te tef sbaf
wdrk`lo prdjfcurf.
 Vlgdjk jdvfr blc rfadvf.

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =>? / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
 ]b`sf tef ab`l n`gtfr fgfaflt sgòetgy bt tef nrdlt (bs sedwl), tbkf `t dut blc
rfpgbjf `t w`te b lfw n`gtfr fgfaflt.
LDSF
@n b lfw n`gtfr fgfaflt `s tfapdrbr`gy ulbvb`gbmgf cur`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl, `t `s

pdss`mgf td fxtflc tef sfrv`jf `ltfrvbg my b a`làbg badult my gòetgy tbpp`lo tef
n`gtfr fgfaflt dr mgdw`lo cry jdaprfssfc b`r terduoe `t dppds`tf td tef ngdw c`rfj-
t`dl.
Ab`ltflbljf
 Sef sbnfty fgfaflt aust mf rfadvfc blc jeblofc bs wfgg dl tef te`rc djjb-
s`dl tebt tef ab`l n`gtfr fgfaflt `s jeblofc, `n ldt mfndrf.
LDSF
Sef b`r n`gtfr ul`t `s bssfamgfc `l tef sbaf wby `l tef dppds`tf wdrk`lo prdjf-
curf.
Ab`ltflbljf
LDSF
_efl bssfamg`lo tef b`r n`gtfr ul`t, abkf surf tebt tef ab`l n`gtfr fgfaflt `s `l-
stbggfc `l tef jdrrfjt dr`fltbt`dl, dtefrw`sf tef jdvfr jblldt mf gdjkfc jdrrfjtgy.
3.83.86 C`fsfg flo`lf jddg`lo systfa LDSF
Bgg tef ab`ltflbljf

ab`ltflbljf wdr
wdrk
k g`stfc `l tef nd
ndggdw`lo
ggdw`lo `s oflfrbg
`lndrabt`dl.
=?8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
C`fsfg flo`lf rbc`btdr / Cb`gy

`ltfrjddgfr
 Jdlt`ludusgy jefjk rbc`btdr n`ls ndr jdltba`lbt`dl (pbrt`jugbrgy `l jbsf dn

custy jdlc`t`dls)
jdlc`t`dls)..
 @n lfjfssbry, sprby rbc`btdr n`ls w`te b su`tbmgf jgfbl`lo boflt, gfbvf td bjt
blc jgfbl w`te b ift dn wbtfr. AB]O@L
Cblofr cuf td fsjbp`lo jdltba`lbtfc wbtfr

Gbjk dn jbrf aòet rfsugt `l jdltba`lbtfc wbtfr sp`gg`lo dltd tef ordulc. ]`sk dn
pdggut`dl.
 Jdggfjt fsjbp`lo jdltba`lbtfc wbtfr blc c`spdsf dn jdrrfjtgy.
Jddgblt n`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk Cb`gy
@n tef n`gg`lo gfvfg `s tdd gdw9

 Sef rfc GFC gòets up (c`fsfg flo`lf jdltrdg pblfg).
dl
l tef c`spgby
dl-mdbrc jdaputfr.
jdaputfr.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =?2 / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
 Jefjk tef jddgblt gfvfg mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl blc tdp up jddgblt `n
lfjfssbry.
 @n lfjfssbry, jeblof jddgblt, edwfvfr bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy.
=?= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Jeblo`lo tef jddgblt
 Vlcd jdvfr blc rfadvf.

 Vlsjrfw tef g`c.
 Zjrfw dl spfj`bg edsf (`ljgucfc `l sjdpf dn suppgy) blc jdggfjt jddgblt `l b
su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.

]fadvf edsf.
 Zjrfw dl tef g`c.
 N`t tef jdvfr jdrrfjtgy.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =?: / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
]fpgbj`lo tef jddgblt n`gtfr 2st jeblof cur`lo rull`lo-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefl fvfry 2888
 Jgdsf seut-dnn vbgvf.

 Dpfl seut-dnn vbgvf.
3.86 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc

3.86.82 Eycrbug`j d`g tblk
N`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk Cb`gy

@n tef eycrbug`j d`g gfvfg `s tdd gdw9
dl
l tef c`spgb
c`spgby
y dn tef dl-mdbrc
dl-mdbrc jdaputfr.
jdaputfr.
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
 Zòet ogbss aust mf n`ggfc bt gfbst ebgnwby; tdp up eycrbug`j d`g `n lfjfssbry.
Jeblo`lo eycrbug`j d`g Fvfry 2888 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, mut bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy.
 Dpfl tef jdvfr.

 Zjrfw dl spfj`bg edsf (`ljgucfc `l tef `tfas suppg`fc) blc jdggfjt d`g `l b
su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
 ]fadvf edsf.
 Jgdsf tef jdvfr.
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
AB]O@L
 Gddsfl blc rfadvf tef g`c dn tef n`ggfr / vflt`gbt`dl n`gtfr.
AB]O@L
 ]fadvf tef n`gtfr fgfaflt, tedrduoegy jgfbl tef n`gtfr edus`lo; jeblof n`gtfr fg-
faflt `n lfjfssbry.
AB]O@L
 N`gg `l lfw eycrbug`j d`g blc jefjk tef d`g gfvfg `l tef sòet ogbss.
Jeblo`lo tef n`gtfr fgfaflt _efl rfqu`rfc, mut bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy.

AB]O@L
 N`t lfw n`gtfr fgfaflt.
AB]O@L
Xds`t`dl tef g`c dn tef n`ggfr blc mrfbtefr n`gtfr blc tòetfl gòetgy.
 Xds`t`dl tef g`c dn tef n`ggfr blc mrfbtefr n`gtfr blc tòetfl gòetgy.
=?> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
3.86.8= Eycrbug`j d
d``g nn``gtfr
Jefjk`lo n`gtfr jdltba`lbt`dl
jdltba`lbt`dl Cb`gy (nrfqufl
(nrfqufltgy)
tgy)
@n b n`gtfr fgfaflt `s jdltba`lbtf

jdltba`lbtfc9
c9
dl
l tef c`spgby
dl-mdbrc jdaputfr.
jdaputfr.
Bgg eycrbug`j n`gtfr fgfaflts 2st jeblof cur`lo rul`lo-`l pfr`dc bntfr 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, tefl fvfry 688
Jeblo`lo n`gtfr fgfaflts

(prfssurf n`gtfrs)
AB]O@L
 2 1 gddsfl mdttda pbrt dn n`gtfr w`te dpfl-flc wrflje blc ulsjrfw.

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl =?? / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
AB]O@L
 = 1 rfadvf n`gtfr fgfaflt blc rfpgbjf w`te lfw dlf.
LDSF
Sef n`gtfr `s bssfamgfc `l tef sbaf wby `l tef dppds`tf wdrk`lo prdjfcurf.
Mfndrf rfbssfamg`lo n`gtfr tdp blc mdttda pbrt, jgfbl tedrduoegy.
Gòetgy d`g D-r`lo sfbg.

(jdam`lbt`dl
(jdam`lbt`d l n`gtfrs)
AB]O@L
 2 1 gddsfl blc rfadvf tef n`gtfr tdp pbrt sjrfws.
AB]O@L
 = 1 g`nt dnn tef n`gtfr tdp pbrt.
AB]O@L
 : 1 gddsfl tef flt`rf n`gtfr fgfaflt, g`nt w`te tef sfpbrbt`dl pgbtf blc rfadvf.
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
AB]O@L
 3 1 gddsfl sfpbrbt`dl pgbtf blc rfadvf nrda tef n`gtfr fgfaflt.
AB]O@L
 6 1 pugg dut n`gtfr fgfaflt nurtefr, tdoftefr w`te tef n`gtfr sjrffl.
AB]O@L
 > 1 gddsfl jdltba`lbtfc n`gtfr fgfaflt, pugg dut dn tef n`gtfr sjrffl blc c`s-
pdsf dn prdpfrgy.
AB]O@L
 ? 1 pugg dut n`gtfr sjrffl blc jgfbl.
AB]O@L
 5 1 jgfbl sfpbrbt`dl pgbtf blc jdbrsf n`gtfr.
AB]O@L
 0 1 bssfamgf lfw n`gtfr fgfaflt, n`gtfr sjrffl blc sfpbrbt`dl pgbtf blc `lsfrt
`ltd n`gtfr edus`lo.
AB]O@L
 28 1 pds`t`dl tef n`gtfr tdp pbrt.

Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
AB]O@L
 22 1 `lsfrt blc tòetfl tef n`gtfr tdp pbrt sjrfws.
LDSF
AB]O@L
2= 1 mgffc tef n`gtfr

 Gddsfl tef mgffc`lo sjrfw blc gft bly b`r fsjbpf ult`g eycrbug`j d`g `s c`s-
jebrofc nrda tef mgffc`lo sjrfw.
 Sòetfl mgffc`lo sjrfw.
LDSF
Sef n`gtfr edus`lo aust mf mgfc bntfr fvfry n`gtfr jeblof.

(rfturl ngdw n`gtfrs)
AB]O@L
 2 1 gddsfl tef n`gtfr tdp pbrt w`te bl dpfl-flc wrflje.
AB]O@L
 = 1 ulsjrfw tef n`gtfr tdp pbrt.
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
AB]O@L
 : 1 rfadvf n`gtfr fgfaflt blc rfpgbjf w`te lfw dlf.
LDSF
3.86
3.86.8
.8:
: Jd
Jddg
dgfr
fr (eyc
(eycrb
rbug
ug`j
`j d`
d`gg + ey
eycr
crbu
bug`
g`j
jppua
uap
pccr`
r`vf
vf - nngu
guse
se`l
`lo)
o)
Jdltba`lbt`dl jefjk Cb`gy (nrfqufl
(nrfqufltgy)
tgy)
 Jdlt`ludusgy
Jdlt`ludusgy jefjk tef jddgfr n`ls ndr jdltba`lbt`dl
jdltba`lbt`dl (fspfj`bggy `l jbsf dn
efbvy cust blc gfbvfs).
 Jgfbl jddgfr n`ls `n lfjfssbry.
Jgfbl`lo  Zprby jddgfr n`ls w`te b su`tbmgf jgfbl`lo boflt, bggdw td sdbk blc jgfbl dnn
w`te wbtfr ift. AB]O@L
Cblofr cuf td fsjbp`lo jdltba`lbtfc wbtfr

Gbjk dn jbrf aòet rfsugt `l jdltba`lbtfc wbtfr sp`gg`lo dltd tef ordulc. ]`sk dn
pdggut`dl.
 Jdggfjt fsjbp`lo jdltba`lbtfc wbtfr blc c`spdsf dn jdrrfjtgy.
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
3.86.83 Eycrbug`j puap cr`vf

N`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk Fvfry cby (mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl - mfndrf tef c`fsfg flo`lf `s stbrtfc)
 Xugg dut c`pst`jk, jgfbl blc `lsfrt bob`l.

 Xugg dut c`pst`jk bob`l.
 Sef c`pst`jk aust `lc`jbtf b gfvfg mftwffl A@L blc ABU; tdp up d`g, `n lfjfs-
sbry.
 @lsfrt c`pst`jk.
Ab`ltflbljf
Eycrbug`j d`g nffc
 Dpfl tef jdvfr.

 Zjrfw dl spfj`bg edsf (`ljgucfc `l tef `tfas suppg`fc) blc jdggfjt d`g `l b
su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
 ]fadvf edsf.
 Jgdsf tef jdvfr.
 Vlcd n`ggfr pguo blc rfadvf.
 N`gg `l lfw d`g.
 Jefjk n`gg`lo gfvfg dl c`pst`jk.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
Ab`ltflbljf
Fgfjtr`jbg systfa
3.8> Fgfjtr`jbg systfa

3.8>.82 Mbtt
ttf
fr`fs / f
fggfjtr`
tr`jbg p
pd
dwfr suppgy
Mbttfry bj`c gfvfg Fvfry 688 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 Jefjk bj`c gfvfg.

 Vlsjrfw bgg g`cs, tef bj`c gfvfg aust mf bpprdx. 28 - 26 aa bmdvf tef tdp dn
tef pgbtfs.
 @n lfjfssbry, tdp-up w`te c`st`ggfc wbtfr.
 ]f-n`t g`cs.
Orfbsf tef mbttfry tfra`lbgs Fvfry 688 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs
 ]fadvf tef mbttfry tfra`lbg jbps.

Ab`ltflbljf
Fgfjtr`jbg systfa
 Orfbsf +/- tfra`lbg (dlgy usf spfj`bg mbttfry tfra`lbg orfbsf).
 Xut dl tef mbttfry tfra`lbg jbps.

Ab`ltflbljf
Bcvbljf cr`vf
cr`vf
3.85 Bcvbljf cr`vf

3.85.82 Bcvbljf cr`vf ofbrmdx

 D`g gfvfg aust mf up td tef dpfl`lo - tdp up d`g `n lfjfssbry.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
 Gddsfl blc rfadvf `lspfjt`dl sjrfw td mgffc tef systfa.
 Jdggfjt d`g `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lf
jdltb`lfr.
r.
 Jgdsf dpfl`los.
Ab`ltflbljf
Bcvbljf cr`vf
cr`vf

 N`gg w`te lfw d`g.

D`g aust rul dut dn tef dpfl`lo.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
3.85.8= _effgs / tyrfs

Jefjk ndr wfbr Cb`gy
 Jefjk tyrf prdn`gf ndr wfbr; jeblof tyrfs `n lfjfssbry.

Ab`ltflbljf
_btfr systfa
Jefjk`lo tyrf prfssurf Cb`gy
 Jefjk b`r prfssurf 1 3.8 mbr; `lngbtf tyrfs td spfj`n`fc b`r prfssurf `n lfjfs-
sbry.
3.2= _btfr systfa

3.2=.82 _btfr tblk
_B]L@LO
Cblofr cuf td sfrv`jf wbtfr
Cblofr cuf td sfrv`jf wbtfr. Zfrv`jf wbtfr jbl jdltb`l nrdst prdtfjt`dl, rust,
ftj. blc `s ldt su`tbmgf ndr euabl jdlsuapt`dl.
• Cd ldt cr`lk wbtfr.
• Lfvfr n`gg cr`lk mdttgfs dr sà`gbr jdltb`lfrs w`te te`s wbtfr.
Ab`ltflbljf
_btfr systfa
N`gg`lo gfvfg jefjk Cb`gy (nrfqufl

(nrfqufltgy)
tgy)
 Jefjk wbtfr gfvfg.

 N`gg up wbtfr `n lfjfssbry. LDSF
Bt gdw tfapfrbturfs

tfapfrbturfs tef wbtfr aust mf crb`lfc nrda tef flt`rf
flt`rf wbtfr systfa
systfa -
(crb`l wbtfr puap blc wbtfr n`gtfr sfpbrbtfgy) - dr b su`tbmgf blt`-nrffzf bccfc td
prfvflt tef wbtfr blc tef flt`rf wbtfr systfa nrffz`lo.
N`gtfr sjrffl

Sef jdlc`t`dl dn tef n`gtfr sjrffl `l tef n`ggfr pdrt aust bgwbys mf jefjkfc mf-
ndrf n`gg`lo.
 Jgfbl n`gtfr sjrffl `n lfjfssbry.
Ab`ltflbljf
_btfr systfa
Crb`l wbtfr
 Dpfl tef seut-dnn vbgvf.

 Jdggfjt wbtfr `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
 Jgdsf tef seut-dnn vbgvf.
Ab`ltflbljf
_btfr systfa
Jeblo`lo tef tblk prdtfjt`dl Fvfry 2888 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs, mut bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy.
jbrtr`cof
_B]L@LO
Cblofr cuf td jbust`j sumstbljfs
@liury (sk`l blc fyfs).
 _fbr sbnfty ogbssfs.
 _fbr ogdvfs.
 Crb`l wbtfr tblk.

 ]fadvf n`gtfr sjrffl.
 ]fadvf spflt tblk prdtfjt`dl jbrtr`cof blc `lsfrt lfw jbrtr`cof.

 @lsfrt n`gtfr sjrffl
 Xut dl tblk g`c.
Ab`ltflbljf
_btfr systfa
3.2=.8= _btfr n`gtfr

Jdltba`lbt`dl jefjk Cb`gy
 Jgdsf seut-dnn vbgvf (gfvfr aust mf bjrdss tef c`rfjt`dl dn ngdw).
 ]fadvf tef jdvfr`lo eddc.

 ]fadvf n`gtfr fgfaflt; jefjk ndr jdltba`lbt`dl.
 Jgfbl n`gtfr fgfaflt `n lfjfssbry.
Jgfbl`lo AB]O@L
 Sedrduoegy jgfbl n`gtfr fgfaflt w`te b ift dn wbtfr.

 @lsfrt n`gtfr fgfaflt blc put dl jdvfr g`c.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
 Dpfl seut-dnn vbgvf (gfvfr aust mf `l c`rfjt`dl dn ngdw).
3.2> M`lcfr ul`t

3.2>.82 M`tuafl wbtfr puap
 Sef sòet ogbss aust mf n`ggfc bt gfbst ebgnwby.

 Sdp up d`g `n lfjfssbry.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
 ]fadvf tef prdtfjt`vf jdvfr dvfr tef puap.

 Gddsfl blc rfadvf jefjk sjrfw td mgffc tef systfa.
 Jdggfjt d`g `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lf
jdltb`lfr.
r.
 Jgdsf dpfl`los.
 ]f`lstbgg prdtfjt`vf jdvfr.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
 Vlcd jefjk sjrfw blc rfadvf.

 N`gg `l lfw d`g.
 Jefjk d`g vdguaf `l tef sòet ogbss.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.
3.2>.8= M`lcfr puaps

Jefjk ndr gfbkbofs Cb`gy
 _efl tef puap `s rull`lo, bpprdxàbtfgy 2 crdp pfr sfjdlc sedugc mf c`s-
jebrofc nrda tef sebnt sfbg.
 @n lfjfssbry, tef pbjk`lo aust mf tòetflfc dr gddsflfc ult`g tef rfqu`rfc

gfbkbof `s rfbjefc.
 Jeblof wdrl pbjk`los. (sff drò`lbg `lstrujt`dl ablubg dn tef puap ablu-
nbjturfr).
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
3.2>.8: Jgfbl`lo dn te
tef cds`lo ul`t
_B]L@LO
]`sk dn trbpp`lo my rdtbt`lo a`gg`lo crua.
Xfdpgf aby mf crbwl `ltd tef rdtbt`lo a`gg`lo crua. ]`sk dn sfr`dus `liury w`te
adrtbg jdlsfqufljfs.
 _drk `l tef brfb dn tef a`gg`lo crua aust dlgy mf pfrndrafc bt b sunn`j`flt
sbnfty c`stbljf.
Jefjk ndr abtfr`bg jgdoo`lo Cb`gy (nrfqufl

(nrfqufltgy)
tgy)
 Bntfr dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl dpfl tef jd

jdvfr
vfr dn tef ròet
ròet eblc a`gg`lo
a`gg`lo crua edus`lo
blc jefjk ndr abidr abtfr`bg jgdoo`lo.
 @n jgdoo`lo fx`sts, we`je jbl mf rfadvfc w`te tef ldrabg jgfbl`lo nuljt`dl dn
tef sprby`lo ldzzgfs, g`nt tef a`gg`lo crua ult`g `t cdfs ldt jdltbjt tef ordulc
bly adrf.
 Zw`tje dl a`gg`lo crua cr`vf.
 ]ul tef a`gg`lo crua ult`g tef jgdoo`lo ebs mffl rfadvfc.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
 _b`t ndr bt gfbst :8 sfjdlcs bntfr sw`tje`lo dnn tef a`gg`lo crua cr`vf.
 Xrfss tef JGFBL@LO muttdl.
 Sef dpfl`los mftwffl tef sprby`lo mfba blc tef rdgg edus`lo brf butd-
abt`jbggy jgfblfc ndr bpprdxàbtfgy 28 sfjdlcs.
_B]L@LO
Cblofr pdsfc my jgfbl`lo boflts
Ndr bgg jgfbl`lo blc nguse`lo prdjfssfs c`sjebrofc jgfbl`lo boflts aust bm-
sdgutfgy mf jdggfjtfc `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
• Cd ldt bggdw bly jgfbl`lo boflt td sdbk `ltd tef sd`g.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
Jgfbl`lo tef faugs`dl ul`t Cb`gy (bntfr dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl)
 Dpfl tef gfnt ebgn dn tef ldzzgfs.

 Z`pedl jgfbl`lo boflt nrda bl fxtfrlbg jdltb`lfr.
 Nguse g`lfs.
 Dpfl tef ròet ebgn dn tef ldzzgfs.
 Nguse g`lfs.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
Jgfbl`lo tef suspfls`dl ul`t Cb`gy (bntfr dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl)

 Crbw `l wbtfr nrda b jdltb`lfr us`lo bl fxtfrlbg puap, dr jdllfjt tef wbtfr
p`pf nrda tef _A 2888 blc bjt`vbtf tef puap dl tef _A 2888.
 Nguse g`lfs.
 Crbw `l wbtfr nrda b jdltb`lfr us`lo bl fxtfrlbg puap, dr jdllfjt tef wbtfr
p`pf nrda tef _A 2888 blc bjt`vbtf tef puap dl tef _A 2888.
 Nguse g`lfs.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
Jgfbl`lo tef ndba m`tuafl Cb`gy (bntfr dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl)

ul`t

 Nguse g`lfs.
 Nguse g`lfs.
3.2>.83 M`tuafl n`gtfr LDSF
Jefjk jbl dlgy mf pfrndrafc dl b ul`t tebt `s rfbcy ndr dpfrbt`dl. Sef puap `s
sw`tjefc dnn.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
Jdltba`lbt`dl jefjk Cb`gy
 ^`subg jefjk; jgfbl m`tuafl n`gtfr `n lfjfssbry.

 Gddsfl twd gdjks.
 Ndgc bwby twd gdjks.
Ab`ltflbljf
M`lcfr ul`t
 Xugg dut m`tuafl n`gtfr.
_B]L@LO
Cblofr pdsfc my jgfbl`lo boflts
Ndr bgg jgfbl`lo blc nguse`lo prdjfssfs c`sjebrofc jgfbl`lo boflts aust bm-
sdgutfgy mf jdggfjtfc `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
• Cd ldt bggdw bly jgfbl`lo boflt td sdbk `ltd tef sd`g.
Jgfbl`lo
 Xgbjf m`tuafl n`gtfr `l b jdltb`lfr blc trfbt w`te b su`tbmgf jgfbl`lo boflt
blc bggdw td cr`p dnn ult`g tef n`gtfr sjrffl bggdws bjjfptbmgf ngdw bob`l.
 N`t tef m`tuafl n`gtfr prdpfrgy bob`l.
:8= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
M`tuafl wbtfr ldzzgfs Fvfry cby (tfst) AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (3.28.3.>).
AB]O@L
 Xrfss tef N2 kfy - bl butdabt`j ngdw rbtf tfst `s `l`t`btfc.

 ^`subg jefjk dn tef c`spgby, jgfbl bly mgdjkfc ldzzgf (abrkfc `l jdgdur).
3.2? Jdaprfssfc b`r systfa blc bjjfssdr`fs

3.2?.82 Jdaprfssfc b`r tblk
Jefjk`lo jdaprfssfc b`r Cb`gy
jdllfjtdr
 Jefjk ndr jdltba`lbt`dl; jgfbl `n lfjfssbry.

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :8: / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Jdaprfssfc b`r tblk Mgdw dnn jdlcflsbt`dl wbtfr fvfry 68 dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
 Zw`tje dnn c`fsfg flo`lf

 Dpfrbtf tef mgffcfr vbgvf ult`g tef jdaprfssfc b`r ebs fsjbpfc jdapgftfgy.
 Sef jdlcflsbt`dl wbtfr `s butdabt`jbggy crb`lfc bs tef jdaprfssfc b`r
fsjbpfs.
3.2?.8= Cfnrdstfr ul`t LDSF
Sef cfnrdstfr ul`t aust mf bjt`vbtfc `l drcfr td prfvflt nrffz`lo dn tef jdlcfl-
sbt`dl wbtfr `l tef jdaprfssfc b`r systfa bt gdw tfapfrbturfs.
Bjt`vbt`dl _efl rfqu`rfc dr bt gdw tfapfrbturfs.

 Xrfss `l tef gdjk`lo eblcgf td tef stdp blc gbtje my turl`lo `t 08¸.
Ab`ltflbljf
 Jbrfnuggy gddsfl tef c`pst`jk blc wb`t ndr bly pdss`mgf jdaprfssfc b`r td fs-
jbpf.
 Jdapgftfgy gddsfl tef c`pst`jk blc pugg `t dut.
 N`gg `l fteyg bgjdedg (afteygbtfc sp`r`ts).

Ab`ltflbljf
 Gddsfgy `lsfrt tef c`pst`jk, pugg dut blc jefjk tef n`gg`lo gfvfg.
 Sdp up w`te fteyg bgjdedg `n lfjfssbry.
 Zjrfw `l tef c`pst`jk bob`l blc ulgbtje tef gdjk`lo eblcgf.
LDSF
Cfnrdstfr ul`t gdjk`lo eblcgf prfssfc `l blc gdjkfc 1 Zuaafr sftt`lo

Cfnrdstfr ul`t gdjk`lo eblcgf puggfc dut blc ulgdjkfc 1 _`ltfr sftt`lo
Jgfbl`lo tef w`jk Bt gfbst 2x yfbrgy

yfbrgy
 Vlcd pguo sjrfw.

 ]fadvf w`jk blc jgfbl us`lo fteyg sp`r`t (afteygbtfc sp`r`ts).
 N`t w`jk.
 Sòetfl pguo sjrfw.
:8> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
3.25 Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t

3.25.82 Gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts LDSF
@l oflfrbg bgg gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts, ulgfss fxprfssgy stbtfc dtefrw`sf, brf gumr`-
jbtfc w`te b nfw puaps dn b orfbsf oul (tef orfbsf sedugc fsjbpf sgòetgy bt
tef s`cf).
Bgg l`ppgfs blc
blc sp`lcgf
sp`lcgfs
s aust mf jgfb
jgfblfc
lfc tedrduoegy
tedrduoegy pr`dr td tef gumr`jbt`dl
gumr`jbt`dl
prdjfss.
Cur`lo bgg gumr`jbt`dl wdrk tef c`fsfg flo`lf `s td mf seut cdwl (fxjfpt`dls brf
spfj`n`jbggy stbtfc).
@n tef abje`lf `s jgfblfc w`te b eòe-prfssurf jgfblfr (edt dr jdgc), `l oflfrbg
bgg gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts brf td mf gumr`jbtfc bntfrwbrcs.
Gumr`jbtf Orfbsf Dpfrbt`dlbg e

ed
durs
Ou`cf jdguals - nrdlt ròet blc gfnt
 Gumr`jbtf mfbr`los (2 gumr`jbt`dl pd`lt fbje)

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :8? / :?8
Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
Ou`cf jdguals - rfbr ròet blc gfnt
Ou`cf jdguals - nrdlt blc rfbr
 Orfbsf
Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
A`gg`lo crua ul`t - gfnt jdllfjt`l

jdllfjt`lo
o rdc
 Gumr`jbtf mfbr`los (= gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts fbje)
A`gg`lo crua ul`t - ròet jdllfjt`lo rdc

Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
A`gg`lo crua ul`t - gfnt blc ròet turltbmgf jyg`lcfrs
A`gg`lo crua ul`t - turltbmgf

t urltbmgf tdp gfnt blc ròet
 Gumr`jbtf mfbr`los (3 gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts fbje)

Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t

t urltbmgf mdttda gfnt

t urltbmgf mdttda ròet

Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr - nrdlt gfnt + ròet (eycrbug`j jyg`lcf

jyg`lcfr)
r)
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr - rfbr gfnt + ròet (eycrbug`j jyg`lcfr

jyg`lcfr))

Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr - rfbr gfnt + ròet (brt`jugbt`dl pd`lts)
A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr - rfbr (edgcfr)

Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
Nrdlt stffr`lo jyg`lcfr
 Gumr`jbtf mfbr`los (2 gumr`jbt`dl pd`lt)
]fbr stffr`lo jyg`lcfr

Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
Cr`vf mfgts - tfls`dl`lo cfv`jf
 Gumr`jbtf mfbr`los (= gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts)
Cr`vf mfgts - tfls`dlfr rdggfr

LDSF
Dlgy usf _@]SOFL O]DVX Jgutje Orfbsf dr b sà`gbr orfbsf.

Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
Cr`vf mfgts - a`ccgf cr`vf mfgt puggfy

LDSF
A`gg`lo crua jgutje

 bpprdxàbtfgy = : puap strdkfs turl cr`vf mfgt puggfy bpprdxàbtfgy = :
puap strdkfs -< turl cr`vf mfgt puggfy -< bpprdxàbtfgy =-: puap strdkfs -
bpprdxàbtfgy 5-28 puap strdkfs `l tdtbg
LDSF
Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
Bgg sdjkft id`lts
 Gumr`jbtf
Bgg mdgts
 Orfbsf
Bgg gdjk`lo mbrs
 Gumr`jbtf
Ab`ltflbljf
Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t
Bgg e`lofs
 Gumr`jbtf
Jebrts
Ab`ltflbljf
6 JEB]SZ
6.82 Ab`ltflbljf
6.82.82 Zfrv`jf blc ab`ltflbljf jebrt
Zyamdg Cfsjr`pt`dl
◎ Zfrv`jf `ltfrvbg (f.o. fvfry 28 e, fvfry =68 e. . .)
✸ Zfrv`jf `ltfrvbg cur`lo tef rull`lo-`l pfr`dc
± Ab`ltflbljf fvfry > adltes (±
(±-yfbrgy)
2 Ab`ltflbljf fvfry 2= adltes (yfbrgy)
= Ab`ltflbljf fvfry = yfbrs
: Ab`ltflbljf fvfry : yfbrs
82 JEBZZ@Z / ZBNFSP CF^@JFZ

Bl- Bs Jefjk
Fgfaflts Bjt`v`ty 28 e 68 e 288 e =68 e 688 e 2888 e
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Zbnfty cfv`jfs Jefjk nuljt`dl pr`dr td stbrt`lo dl-s`tf

dpfrbt`dl ◎
Flsurf jdrrfjt nuljt`dl ◎

Gòet`lo - wbrl`lo Jefjk jdltbjts ◎
cfv`jf
Jgfbl jdltbjts ◎
Jgfbl`lo Jdapgftf abje`lf w`te eòe-prfssurf ◎
jgfblfr
Jbm`l w`te jdaprfssfc b`r ◎
8= DXF]BSD]'Z ZSBLC
Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Efbtfr Jefjk n`gtfr fgfaflt (nrfse b`r) ◎
N`gtfr fgfaflt jgfbl`lo / jeblo`lo 2 ◎

Jefjk n`gtfr fgfaflt (rfj`rjugbt`lo b`r) ◎
N`gtfr fgfaflt jgfbl`lo / jeblo`lo 2 ◎
_`lcdw wbsefr Jefjk wbtfr n`gg`lo gfvfg ◎
Sdp up wbtfr ◎
N`gg `l blt`-nrffzf ◎
B`r jdlc`t`dlfr Zw`tje dl tef ul`t ◎
Jefjk n`gtfr fgfaflts ◎
Jgfbl / jeblof n`gtfr fgfaflts ± ◎
Jeblof cryfr jbrtr`cof (spfj`bg`st 2
jdapbly)
Jeblof rfnròfrblt (spfj`bg`st jda- 2
pbly)
Jefjk / jgfbl jdlcflsfr ◎ ◎

Jefjk / jgfbl vbpdr`zfr 2 ◎
Jefjk jdllfjtdrs 2
Sòetfl edsf jdllfjt`dls ◎
Jebrts
Ab`ltflbljf
8: A@GG@LO C]VA VL@S

Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
A`gg`lo crua ofbr- ^`subg `lspfjt`dl ndr gfbks ◎

mdx
Jefjk d`g gfvfg ◎
Sdp-up d`g ◎
Jeblof d`g ✸ ◎ 2
A`gg`lo crua Jgfbl`lo ◎

X`jk jeblof Jefjk p`jks - nrfqufltgy ◎
Jeblof p`jks ◎
Ru`jk-jeblof Jefjk p`jk suppdrts ◎
tddgedgcfr systfa
Jeblof p`jk suppdrts ◎
]ftòetfl mdgts (ES :, ES 22) ✸ ◎
]ftòetfl mdgts (ES ==) ✸ ◎
Nrdlt turltbmgf ◎ 2
]ftòetfl sjrfws (=68 La) ✸
(ròet blc gfnt)
A`gg`lo crua mfbr- Jefjk d`g gfvfg ◎

`lo (ròet) Sdp-up d`g ◎
Cr`vf mfgts Jefjk tfls`dlfr rdggfr stdppfr ◎

Bciust tfls`dlfr rdggfr stdppfr ◎
Jefjk cr`vf mfgts ◎
]fpgbjf cr`vf mfgts ◎
Cr`vf mfgt puggfys Jefjk cr`vf mfgt puggfys ◎
]flfw cr`vf mfgt puggfys ◎
83 FLO@LF / ADSD] O]DVX

Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Jefjk c`fsfg flo`lf ndr jdltba`lb-
C`fsfg
oflfrbgflo`lf `l t`dl / gfbkbofs ◎
Jgfbl c`fsfg flo`lf ◎

Jefjk edsfs blc nufg g`lfs ◎
Jeblof edsfs blc nufg g`lfs ◎

Jefjk edsf jgbaps ✸ ◎
]f-tòetfl edsf jgbaps ◎
Jefjk ^-mfgts ✸ ◎
]fpgbjf ^-mfgts ◎
C`fsfg flo`lf nufg Jefjk nufg gfvfg - nrfqufltgy
◎
systfa
Sdp-up nufg ◎
Crb`l wbtfr nrda nufg tblk 2
Jeblof nufg n`gtfr ✸ ◎ ±
Mgffc nufg g`lfs (dlgy bntfr n`gtfr

jeblof) ◎
Jeblof nufg prf-n`gtfr ✸ ◎ ±
Crb`l wbtfr nrda nufg prf-n`gtfr ◎ ◎

C`fsfg flo`lf d`g Jefjk d`g gfvfg ◎
:=8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Jebrts
Ab`ltflbljf
Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Sdp-up d`g ◎
Jeblof d`g ✸ ◎ ±
Jeblof d`g n`gtfr ✸ ◎ ±
C`fsfg flo`lf b`r Jefjk b`r n`gtfr ◎

n`gtfr`lo
Jgfbl / jeblof b`r n`gtfr fgfaflts 2 ◎
C`fsfg flo`lf Jefjk c`fsfg flo`lf rbc`btdr/ `ltfr-
jddgfr ◎
jddg`lo systfa
Jgfbl jddgfr n`ls ◎
Jefjk jddgblt gfvfg ◎

Sdp-up jddgblt ◎
Jeblof jddgblt 2 ◎
]fpgbj`lo jddgblt n`gtfr ✸ ◎ 2
▽ Ndr `lndrabt`dl ▽ Jefjk`lo tef rbc`btdr nbl ◎ ◎

bmdut tef ab`ltf-
lbljf stfps g`stfc ▽ Jefjk`lo tef jebrof b`r g`lfs ◎ ◎
efrf, pgfbsf rfnfr ▽ Jefjk`lo tef jrblkjbsf vflt`gbt`dl
td tef drò`lbg `l- ◎
strujt`dl ablubg edsf
▽ Jefjk`lo tef jddgblt bcc`t`vf ◎
nrda tef flo`lf
(ZJB) blc blt`nrffzf jdljfltrbt`dl
ablunbjturfr
▽ Jefjk`lo/rflfw`lo tef jddgblt n`gtfr 2
efbc
▽ Jefjk`lo tef b`r `ltbkf blc fxebust ◎ 2
systfa
▽ Jefjk`lo tef flo`lf w`r`lo ebrlfss ◎ 2
▽ Jefjk`lo tef jdgc stbrt b`c (f.o. =

efbtfr ngblof, tfapfrbturf sflsdrs,
ftj.)
▽ Jgfbl`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf w`te b =
stfba jgfblfr
▽ Jefjk`lo tef c`fsfg flo`lf bttbje- =
aflt
▽ @lspfjt`lo tef v`mrbt`dl cbapfrs =
dl tef jrblksebnt td sff `n tefy jbl mf

rfusfc
▽ Xfrndra`lo tef jyg`lcfr efbc bc- =
iustaflt idms (vbgvfs, ftj.)
▽ ]flfw`lo tef `ltfrlbg jrblkjbsf =
mrfbtefr
▽ Jeblo`lo tef ^-mfgt puggfys 6
▽ Jefjk`lo tef b`r jdaprfssdr prfs- 6
surf p`pf
86 EPC]BVG@J D@G NFFC

Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Eycrbug`j d`g tblk Jefjk d`g gfvfg ◎

Sdp-up d`g ◎
Jeblof d`g ◎ 2
Jgfbl / jeblof n`gtfr fgfaflt ◎ 2 ◎
Eycrbug`j d`g n`gtfr Jefjk jdltba`lbt`dl - nrfqufltgy ◎
Jeblof n`gtfr fgfaflt ✸ ◎ 2 ◎
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :=2 / :?8
Jebrts
Ab`ltflbljf
Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Jddgfr eycrbug`j Jefjk jddgfr n`ls - nrfqufltgy ◎

d`g + eycrbug`j
puap cr`vf - Jgfbl jddgfr n`ls ◎
nguse`lo
Eycrbug`j puap Jefjk d`g gfvfg ◎

cr`vf
Sdp-up d`g ◎
8> FGFJS]@JBG ZPZSFA

Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Mbttfr`fs Jefjk bj`c gfvfg ◎

]fllfgbr Sdp up wbtfr ◎
Orfbsf mbttfry tfra`lbgs ◎
85 BC^BLJF C]@^F
Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Bcvbljf cr`vf Jefjk d`g gfvfg ◎
ofbrmdx
Sdp-up d`g ◎
_effgs Jefjk tyrfs ◎
]fpgbjf tyrfs ◎
Jefjk b`r prfssurf ◎
Bciust b`r prfssurf ◎
2= _BSF] ZPZSFA
Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
_btfr tblk Jefjk wbtfr gfvfg - nrfqufltgy ◎

Sdp up wbtfr ◎
N`gg `l blt`-nrffzf ◎
Jefjk n`gtfr sjrffl ◎
Jgfbl n`gtfr sjrffl ◎
Jeblof tblk prdtfjt`dl jbrtr`cof ◎ 2
_btfr n`gtfr Jefjk n`gtfr fgfaflt ◎

Jgfbl n`gtfr fgfaflt ◎
2> M@LC@LO VL@S

Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
M`tuafl wbtfr Jefjk d`g gfvfg ◎

puap
Sdp-up d`g ◎
M`lcfr puaps Jefjk pbjk`los ◎

Bciust pbjk`los ◎
Jeblof pbjk`los ◎
:== / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Jebrts
Sfjel`jbg cbtb
Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Jgfbl`lo Jefjk a`gg`lo crua edus`lo abtfr`bg

jgdoo`lo - nrfqufltgy ◎
Jgfbl a`gg`lo crua edus`lo ◎
Jgfbl cds`lo ul`t ◎

M`tuafl n`gtfr Jefjk m`tuafl n`gtfr ◎
Jgfbl m`tuafl n`gtfr ◎
M`tuafl wbtfr Sfst terduoe-ngdw ◎
ldzzgfs
Jgfbl`lo tef ldzzgf ◎
2? JDAX]FZZFC B@] ZPZSFA

Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Jdaprfssfc b`r Jefjk jdaprfssfc b`r jdllfjtdr ndr

jdltba`lbt`dl ◎
tblk
Jgfbl jdaprfssfc b`r jdllfjtdr ◎
Crb`l jdlcflsbt`dl wbtfr ◎
Cfnrdstfr ul`t Bjt`vbt`dl (suaafr / w`ltfr) ◎

N`gg `l fteyg sp`r`t ◎
Jgfbl w`jk 2
25 GVM]@JBS@DL
Bl- Bs Jefjk
lubg rfqu`rfc DK
Gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts Gumr`jbtf / orfbsf ◎ ◎ ◎
6.8= Sfjel`jbg cbtb

6.8=.82 Càfls`dls / wfòets / pfrndr
ndrabljf
Abje`lf càfls`dls
Bgg càfls`dls
càfls`dls `l aa.
*2 1 w`te sprby`lo ul`t
*= 1 abje`lf jfltrf dn orbv`ty (`l rfgbt`dl td dpfrbt`lo wfòet, JF)
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :=: / :?8
Jebrts
Sfjel`jbg cbtb
Jebrts
Sfjel`jbg cbtb
]fbr càfls`dls
Bgg càfls`dls
càfls`dls `l aa.
Jebrts
Sfjel`jbg cbtb
Surl`lo j`rjgf
Bgg càfls`dls
càfls`dls `l aa.
:=> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Jebrts
Sfjel`jbg cbtb
C@FZFG FLO@LF
Ablunbjturfr JVAA@LZ
Sypf RZU 26
Jddg`lo _btfr
Luamfr dn jyg`lcfrs >
]btfc pdwfr dutput bt =288 k_ / 33?/>88/>85
r.p.a. EX / XZ
Abxàua pdwfr dutput bt 2088 k_ / 366/>28/>20
r.p.a. EX / XZ
C`spgbjfaflt ja: 26888
Nufg jdlsuapt`dl (nugg gdbc) g/e 2=8
Nufg jdlsuapt`dl (`l jdlstruj- g/e >8
t`dl s`tf a`x)
Fxebust fa`ss`dls jbtfodry FV Ztbof :b / VZ S`fr :
S]B^F]Z@LO JEB]BJSF]@ZS@JZ
_drk`lo spffc / trbvfgg`lo spffc abx. 8 - =28
a/a`l
abx. ka/e 8 - 2=.>
Gbtfrbg t`gt abx. ¸ 5
Ordulc jgfbrbljf aa 388
SP]FZ
Syrf s`zf nrdlt =5 G =>
Syrf s`zf rfbr =5 G =>
N@GG@LO JBXBJ@S@FZ
Nufg tblk g 2688
Eycrbug`j d`g tblk g :=8
_btfr tblk g 688
FGFJS]@JBG ZPZSFA
^dgtbof ^ =3
*2 1 Abxàua a`gg`lo cfpte jbl c`nnfr ndra tef spfj`n`fc vbguf cuf td tdgfrbljfs blc wfbr.
A@GG@LO C]VA
_drk`lo w`cte (abx.) aa =388
_drk`lo cfpte *2 aa 8 - 628
Sddg spbj`lo aa =8
Luamfr dn a`gg`lo tddgs 2?8
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :=? / :?8
Jebrts
Sfjel`jbg cbtb
A@GG@LO C]VA
Jutt`lo j`rjgf c`baftfr aa 2358
S]BLZXD]S C@AFLZ@DLZ
Càfls`dls trujk trblspdrt (G x aa 0=:8x:888x:888
_ x E)
Ze`pp`lo càfls`dls (G x _ x E) aa 0388x:=88x:=88
*2 1 Mbs`j abje`lf w`te stblcbrc fqu`paflt w`tedut n`gg`lo sumstbljfs.

*= 1 Abje`lf w`te stblcbrc fqu`paflt, ebgn nugg wbtfr tblk, ebgn nugg nufg tblk, cr`vfr (?6 ko), tddgs.
*: 1 Abje`lf w`te abx. fqu`paflt, nuggy nufggfc, w`te FZX (sprby`lo ul`t) "ndba m`tuafl".
ABJE@LF _F@OESZ
Jurm wfòet *2 ko =5388
Dpfrbt`lo wfòet JF *= ko =0388
Zfrv`jf wfòet *: abx. ko :=888
_F@OESZ N@GG@LO ZVMZSBLJFZ

_btfr tblk n`gg`lo ko 688
Nufg tblk n`gg`lo ko 2=36
BCC@S@DLBG _F@OESZ @L ]FGBS@DL

]FGBS@DL SD JV]M _F@OES
_F@OES (DXS@DLBG FRV@XAFLS)
FRV@XAFLS)
FZX s`logf9 ko :58
Zprby`lo ul`t ndr wbtfr dr m`tu-
afl faugs`dl
FZX cdumgf9 ko ?28

Zprby`lo ul`t ndr wbtfr blc m`tu-
afl faugs`dl
FZX ndba m`tuafl9 ko 2388
Zprby`lo ul`t ndr wbtfr blc ndba
m`tuafl
FZX 2588 g9 ko :68
Zprby`lo ul`t ndr wbtfr up td
2588 g/a`l
Bcc`t`dlbg wbtfr
wbtfr tblk (fapty)
(fapty) ko 338
Bcc`t`dlbg wbtfr
wbtfr tblk n`gg`lo ko 068
Jebrts
Nufgs / gumr`jblts
6.8: Nufgs / gumr`jblts

6.8:.82 N`gg`lo jbpbj`t`fs
Zystfa Zt`pugbtfc nufgs - gumr`jblts G`trf *) V.Z. Mr`t.
obggdls *) obggdls *)
A`gg`lo crua sefgg _btfr 3=8.88 228.0> 0=.:0
(wbtfr/jddgblt >8/38%) _@]SOFL =58.88 ?:.05 >2.60
Blt`nrffz`lo Jdapdul
Jdapdulc
c
A`gg`lo crua (ofbrmdx) _@]SOFL O]DVX =8.88 6.=5 3.38
A`gg`lo Crua D`g
Ô 268
A`gg`lo crua mfbr`lo _@]SOFL O]DVX 2.:8 8.:3 8.=0
A`gg`lo Crua D`g
Ô 268
Nufg tblk C@FZFG FL 608 2688.88 :0>.:8 :=0.0>
(Jftbl a`l. 30)
C`fsfg flo`lf _@]SOFL O]DVX 3?.88 2=.3= 28.:3
Flo`lf D`g 26_-38
C`fsfg flo`lf (jddg`lo systfa) _btfr 6=.88 2:.?3 22.33
(wbtfr/jddgblt 68/68%) _@]SOFL 6=.88 2:.?3 22.33
Blt`nrffz`lo Jdapdul
Jdapdulc
c
Eycrbug`j d`g systfa _@]SOFL O]DVX 368.88 225.50 05.00
Eycrbug`j D`g
E^GX 3>
Eycrbug`j puap cr`vf _@]SOFL O]DVX 28.>8 =.58 =.::
Ofbr D`g 56_-08
Bcvbljf cr`vf
cr`vf ofbrmdx
ofbrmdx _@]SOFL O]DVX
O]DVX 3.88 2.8> 8.55
Ofbr D`g 56_-08 (3x) (3x) (3x)
_btfr tblk 688.88 2:=.28 280.00
Bcc`t`dlbg wbtfr
wbtfr tblk 068.88 =68.00 =85.0?
_btfr puap _@]SOFL O]DVX 8.:8 8.85 8.8?
(M`tuafl wbtfr) Flo`lf D`g 26_-38
Gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts _@]SOFL O]DVX
(Oflfrbg) Augt`purpdsf Orfbsf
Gumr`jbt`dl pd`lts _@]SOFL O]DVX
(Zpfj`bg) Jgutje+]fa`xfr Orfbsf
*) Bgg qublt`t`fs g`stfc efrf brf bpprdxàbtf
6.8
6.8:.
:.8=
8= Nuf
ufgs
gs / ggu
umr
mr`j
`jb
blt
lts
sjjda
dap
pbr
br`s
`sd
dl ttbm
bmgf
gf - 8
8:.
:.=
=823
823
Dlgy usf tef "st`pugbtfc nufgs / gumr`jblts" (sff
gumr`jblts" (sff "N`gg`lo jbpbj`t`fs
jbpbj`t`fs"
" jebptfr).
_`rtofl Ordup nufgs / gumr`jblts Zpfj`n`jbt`dl
_@]SOFL O]DVX ZBF 6_-38
Flo`lf D`g BJFB F6/F3/F:,
F6/F3/F:,
6_-38 BX@ J@-3 pgus,
AM ==5.6,
JBS FJN-2,
Juaa`ls JFZ =88?=/=88?2
Jebrts
Nufgs / gumr`jblts

_@]SOFL O]DVX ZBF 28_-:8 "Gdw
28_-:8 "Gdw ZBXZ"
Flo`lf D`g "Gdw ZBXZ" BJFB F0/F?,
28_-:8 BX@ JI-3,
Cfutz CRJ @@@-28 GB,
JBS FJN-:,
Juaa`ls JFZ =8852,
AM ==5.:2
Flo`lf D`g BJFB F?/F6,
28_-38 BX@ JN,
Cfutz CRJ @@@-86,
AM ==5.6
_@]SOFL O]DVX ZBF 28_-38 "Gdw
28_-38 "Gdw ZBXZ"
Flo`lf D`g "Gdw ZBXZ" AM BJFB F>/F?, F3-00
F3-00
28_-38 BX@ J@-3,
AM ==5.62
Flo`lf D`g BJFB F?/F6,
26_-38 BX@ J@-3 pgus,
AM ==5.:,
JBS FJN-2,
Juaa`ls JFZ =88?5/?/>/=/2
_@]SOFL O]DVX ZBF ?6_-08 w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
Ofbr D`g BX@ OG-6
?6_-08
_@]SOFL O]DVX ZBF 56_-08 w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
Ofbr D`g BX@ OG-6,
56_-08 AM =:6.8,
YN-SF-AG 86B/8?B/2=B/2>J/2?M
_@]SOFL O]DVX *** Zylteft`j pdgyogyjdg ofbr d`g
Eòe-Xfrndrabljf Ofbr D`g XOGX 268 C@L 6262?- : ordup JGX,
Ô 268 @ZD >?3:-> jbtfodry JKZ/JKS
Eòe-Xfrndrabljf Ofbr D`g XOGX ==8 C@L 6262?-: ordup JGX,
Ô ==8 C@L 6268= ordup XOGX,
@ZD >?3:-> jbtfodry JKZ/JKS
Eòe-Xfrndrabljf Ofbr D`g XOGX 3>8 C@L 6262?-: ordup JGX,
Ô 3>8 C@L 6268= ordup XOGX,
@ZD >?3:-> jbtfodry JKZ/JKS
_@]SOFL O]DVX Eycrbug`j d`g E^GX @ZD-Ô := w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
Eycrbug`j D`g C@L 626=3 pbrt : typf E^GX,
E^GX := @ZD >?3:/3 E^
_@]SOFL O]DVX Eycrbug`j d`g E^GX @ZD-Ô 3> w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
Eycrbug`j D`g C@L 626=3 pbrt :,
E^GX 3> Sypf E^GX @ZD >?3:/3 E^
_@]SOFL O]DVX Eycrbug`j d`g E^GX @ZD-Ô >5 w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
Eycrbug`j D`g C@L 626=3 pbrt : typf E^GX,
E^GX >5 @ZD >?3:/3 E^
_@]SOFL O]DVX *** M`d eycrbug`j d`g @ZD-Ô 3> w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
M`d Eycrbug`j D`g Sypf E^GX EFFZ @ZD 26:58
Ô 3>
::8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Jebrts
Nufgs / gumr`jblts

_@]SOFL O]DVX *** M`d eycrbug`j d`g @ZD-Ô >5 w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
M`d Eycrbug`j D`g Sypf E^GX EFFZ @ZD 26:58
Ô >5
_@]SOFL O]DVX
Augt`purpdsf Orfbsf KXN = K-=6 w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
(g`teùa-sbpdl`n`fc)
C@L 625=6
@ZD >?3:-09 G-UMN@M =
_@]SOFL O]DVX KX : X-=8
Jgutje+]fa`xfr Orfbsf (g`teùa-sbpdl`n`fc)
C@L 625=6
_@]SOFL O]DVX Ngdw orfbsf dn a`lfrbg d`g mbsf w`te FX bcc`t`vfs
Ngdw Orfbsf (g`teùa mbsfc) (g`teùa-sbpdl`n`fc)
KX/OX 88-:8 C@L 6268=
_@]SOFL O]DVX Efbt trblsa`ss`dl d`g @ZD-Ô == (:=)
Efbt Srblsa`ss`dl D`g C@L 626==-R ndr ndrjfc j`rjugbt`dl systfas up td :=8 ¸J
Ô ==
_@]SOFL Jdrrds`dl-prdtfjt`dl boflt, jddgblt blc blt`-nrffzf
Jdrrds`dl-prdtfjt`dl
Blt`nrffz`lo Jdapdulc
Jdapdulc Nrff nrda l`tr`tfs, ba`lfs, pedspebtfs blc s`g`jbtfs bjj.
td BZSA C3056-86 blc AM :=6.:
Jefjk jdapbt`m`g`ty `n us`lo dtefr c`fsfg flo`lf jddgblts
_@]SOFL Jdrrds`dl-prdtfjt`dl
Jdrrds`dl-p rdtfjt`dl boflt, jddgblt blc blt`-nrffzf
Blt`nrffz`lo Jdapdulc
Jdapdulc AM Nrff nrda l`tr`tfs, ba`lfs, pedspebtfs blc mdrbtfs
bjj. td Afrjfcfs Mflz rfougbt`dls AM :=6.6 CA (ndr
c`fsfg flo`lfs)
Jefjk jdapbt`m`g`ty `n us`lo dtefr c`fsfg flo`lf jddgblts
BcMguf® Eòegy purf urfb sdgut`dl BVZ :=
CFN (C`fsfg Fxebust Ngu`c) C@L ?88?8 / @ZD ===32-2 / BZSA C?5=2
BVZ := (Bqufdus
(Bqufdus Vrfb Zdgut`dl)
B]GB :=
(***) Jblldt mf a`xfc w`te a`lfrbg d`g

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ::2 / :?8
Jebrts
Nufgs / gumr`jblts
6.8
6.8:.
:.8:
8: Nu
Nufg
fgs
s / ggum
umrr`j
`jbl
blts
ts sf
sfgf
gfj
jt`
t`d
dl c
c`b
`bor
orba
bas
s-2
22.
2.=
=82
82:
:
Flo`lf d`g sfgfjt`dl tbmgf Sef gumr`jbt`lo d`g v`sjds`ty `l bjjdrcbljf w`te tef ZBF jgbss `s sfgfjtfc bs pfr
tef ndggdw`lo tbmgf.
Sef bam`flt tfapfrbturf cfn`lfs tef sfgfjt`dl. Crdpp`lo mfgdw tef tfapfrb-
turf gà`t aby bcvfrsfgy bnnfjt tef jdgc stbrt`lo bm`g`ty, mut w`gg ldt jbusf flo`lf
cbabof. Sef tfapfrbturf gà`t sedugc ldt mf fxjffcfc ndr bl fxtflcfc pfr`dc
td bvd`c b rfcujt`dl `l tef gumr`jbt`dl.
Ndr bgg-yfbr rdulc usbof wf rfjdaaflc us`lo augtòrbcf d`gs.
C`fsfg nufg sfgfjt`dl Bt gdw tfapfrbturfs,

tfapfrbturfs, mgd
mgdjkbofs
jkbofs aby ddjjur
jjur `l tef nufg
nufg systfa blc jbusf
jbusf nbugts
cuf td pbrbnn`l prfj`p`tbt`dl. Mfgdw 8¸J dutcddr tfapfrbturf usf w`ltfr c`fsfg
(cdwl td -=8¸J).
 Zpfj`bg c`fsfg nufgs jbl mf usfc ndr brjt`j jgàbtf zdlfs cdwl td -33 ¸J.
LDSF
@t `s ldt pfra`ttfc td bcc pftrdg dr pbrbnn`l, dr td bcc bcc`t`dlbg nrff-ngdw bcc`-

t`vfs.
::= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Jebrts
Nufgs / gumr`jblts
C`fsfg prdpfrt`fs rfqu`rfc9

‚ Ngbse pd`lt,
pd`lt, a`l. 66 ¸J.
‚ _btfr-jdltflt,
_btfr-jdltflt, abx. =88 ao/ko
ao/ko
‚ Zugpeur jdltflt,
jdltflt, abx. 28 ao/ko (8.882%)
‚ Gumr`jbt`lo jbpbj`ty, "wfb
"wfbrr sjbrc`baftfr"
sjbrc`baftfr" abx. 3>8 ηa
‚ Jftblf rbt`lo
rbt`lo ndr adc
adcfrbtf
frbtf jgàbtf
jgàbtf,, a`l. 30....62
‚ Jftblf rbt`lo
rbt`lo ndr brjt`j jg`
jgàbtf,
abtf, a`l. 3?....30
‚ Vsf c`fsfg `l bjjdrcbljf
bjjdrcbljf w`te tef Furdpfbl
Furdpfbl stblcbrc
stblcbrc FL 608 dr VZ c`fsfg
c`fsfg
`l bjjdrcbljf w`te BZSA C 0?6 orbcf ld.2-C blc =-C.
LDSF
 @n `t `s lfjfssbry td usf nufg w`te b eòe sugpeur jdltflt (adrf tebl 8.6 pfr-
jflt my wfòet / 6888 ao/ko), tef ab`ltflbljf `ltfrvbgs aust mf ebgvfc.
 @t `s àpfrbt`vf tebt tef drò`lbg cdjuafltbt`dl nrda tef flo`lf ablunbjturfr
(`lstrujt`dl ablubg, dpfrbt`lo ablubg blc ab`ltflbljf ablubg ftj.) `s ndg-
gdwfc.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ::: / :?8
Jebrts
Nufgs / gumr`jblts
Eycrbug`j d`g sfgfjt`dl tbmgf
_1 _`
_`lt
ltfr
fr jdlc
jdlc`t
`t`d
`dls
ls `l jflt
jfltrb
rbgg F
Fur
urdp
dpf
f
Z1 Zu
Zuaa
aafr
fr jdlc
jdlc`t
`t`d
`dls
ls `l jf
jflt
ltrb
rbgg F
Fur
urdp
dpf
f dr
dr m
mu`
u`gc
gc`l
`los
os
S1 Srdp`jb
`jbg jd
jdlc`t`d
`t`dl
ls d
drr e
ed
dt b
brrfbs
V1 Fx
Fxjf
jfss
ss`v
`vfg
fgy
yeedt
dt (f.o
(f.o.. c
cuf
uf td jd
jdam
amus
ust`
t`dl
dl fl
flo`
o`lf
lfs)
s)
U1 Eycr
Eycrbu
bug`
g`j
j ngu`
ngu`c
c tfap
tfapfr
frbt
btur
urf
f rblo
rblof
f
αdpt 1 Dpt`
Dptàb
abgg d
dpf
pfrb
rbt`
t`lo
lo v`sj
v`sjds
ds`t
`ty
y rrbl
blof
of
2888 Abx. pfra`ss`mgf v`sjds`ty (sedrt curbt`dl)
1
@@ 1 28 aa=/s (tabx1 +08¸J) . . . 2888 aa =/s (ta`l1 -=6¸J)
Jebrts
Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs
6.83 Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs

6.83.82 Zjrfws / luts ((a
aftr`
tr`j s
stb
tbl
lcbrc tte
erfbc)
Càfls`dl Sòetfl`lo tdrquf
[aaQ Ab [LaQ
5.5 28.0 2=.0
Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs ndr aftr`j mdgts blc A: 2,2 2,> ---
luts w`te ldrabg terfbc p`tje `l stffg9 A3 =,> :,0 3,=
Jbgjugbtfc w`te ¶ 1 8.28 ndr mdgt orbcf 5.5
blc 28.0 up td A2> blc w`te ¶ 1 8.80 ndr mdgt A6 6,= ?,> 5,:
qubg`ty 28.0 nrda A2> blc ndr 2=.0 bs bv- A> 0 2:,= 23,:
frbof jdfnn`j`flt dn nr`jt`dl `l tef terfbc bs A5 =2,> :2,5 :3,6
wfgg bs mftwffl mdgt efbc blc jdapdlflt,
A28 3: >: >?,6
cry, 08% ut`g`sbt`dl dn tef fgbst`j gà`t `l bj-
jdrcbljf w`te ^C@ ==:8. A2= ?: 285 22?
A23 22? 2?= 25>
A2> 258 =38 =56
A25 =60 :38 388
A=8 :>: 358 6>=
A== 306 >68 ?>8
A=3 >=6 5=8 0>=
A=? 026 2=88 238>
A:8 2=3> 2>:6 202>
A:: 2>?0 ==86 =6?5
A:> =2>3 =538 ::=6
A:0 =?02 :>>8 3=5:
6.83.8= Zjrfws / luts (aftr`

tr`j n`lf terfbc)
[aaQ Ab [aaQ
5.5 28.0 2=.0
Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs ndr aftr`j mdgts blc A5x2 ==,5 ::,6 :>,=
luts w`te n`lf p`tje terfbc `l stffg9 A28x2.=6 33 >6 ?2
Jbgjugbtfc w`te ¶ 1 8.28 ndr mdgt orbcf 5.5
blc 28.0 up td A2> blc w`te ¶ 1 8.80 ndr mdgt A2=x2.=6 ?0 22> 2=6
qubg`ty 28.0 nrda A2> blc ndr 2=.0 bs bv- A23x2.6 2=3 25= 20>
frbof jdfnn`j`flt dn nr`jt`dl `l tef terfbc bs A2>x2.6 250 =6> =00
wfgg bs mftwffl mdgt efbc blc jdapdlflt,
A25x2.6 =5: :?8 3::
cry, 08% ut`g`sbt`dl dn tef fgbst`j gà`t `l bj-
jdrcbljf w`te ^C@ ==:8. A=8x2.6 :0= 62= 600
A==x2.6 6=0 >08 585
A=3x2.6 >5> 503 283>
A=3x= >>> 5?2 2820
A=?x= 0>? 2=>3 23?5

A:8x= 2:3: 2?62 =868
A::x= 2?03 =::5 =?:6
A:>x= =:36 :863 :6?:
Jebrts
Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs
6.83.8: Zjrfws / luts ((``lje s

stb
tbl
lcbrc tte
erfbc V
VL
LJ)
Sef ZBF strflote jgbssfs dn mdgts
w`te VLJ/VLN terfbc brf stbtfc dl
tef efbc.
Ztrflote jgbss 56 jdrrfspdlcs

strflote jgbss jdrrfspdlcs td
td 5.5,
28.0.
Jgbss 6 Jgbss 5

[`lje x turls Ab [LaQ
dvfr 2"Q
Jgbss 6 Jgbss 5
Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs ndr @apfr`bg (`lje) 2/3"x=8 22 2?
mdgts blc luts w`te ldrabg terfbc p`tje 6/2>"x25 =3 :=
(VLJ) `l stffg9
Jbgjugbtfc w`te ¶ 1 8.2=6 bs bvfrbof jdfn- :/5"x2> 3= >=
n`j`flt dn nr`jt`dl `l tef terfbc bs wfgg bs mf- ?/2>"x23 >0 0?
twffl mdgt efbc blc jdapdlflt, cry, 08% 2/="x2: 283 26=
ut`g`sbt`dl
w`te ZBF. dn tef fgbst`j gà`t `l bjjdrcbljf 0/2>"x2= 26= =8?
6/5"x22 208 :88
:/3"x28 :>8 6=6
?/5"x0 3:8 528
2"x5 5?8 2==8
2-2/5"x? 2288 2?38
2-2/3"x? 26=8 =3?8
2-:/5"x> 2058 :==8
2-2/="x> =>88 3=58
6.83.83 Zjrfws / luts (`lje n`lf terfbc VLN)

Sef ZBF strflote jgbssfs dn mdgts
w`te VLJ/VLN terfbc brf stbtfc dl
tef efbc.
Ztrflote jgbss 6 jdrrfspdlcs td 5.5,
strflote jgbss 5 jdrrfspdlcs td
28.0.
Jgbss 6 Jgbss 5

dvfr 2"Q
Jgbss 6 Jgbss 5
Sòetfl`lo tdrqufs ndr @apfr`bg (`lje) 2/3"x=5 23 20
mdgts blc luts w`te n`lf terfbc p`tje 6/2>"x=3 => :6
(VLN) `l stffg9
Jbgjugbtfc w`te ¶ 1 8.2=6 bs bvfrbof jdfn- :/5"x=3 35 >0
n`j`flt dn nr`jt`dl `l tef terfbc bs wfgg bs mf- ?/2>"x=8 ?> 222

twffl mdgt efbc blc jdapdlflt, cry, 08% 2/="x=8 2=3 2>>
ut`g`sbt`dl dn tef fgbst`j gà`t `l bjjdrcbljf
0/2>"x25 2>> =:6
w`te ZBF.
6/5"x25 =68 ::=
:/3"x2> 326 652
::> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=
Jebrts
Nrdst prdtfjt`dl

dvfr 2"Q
Jgbss 6 Jgbss 5
?/5"x23 >68 506
2"x2= 0>8 2:>8
2-2/5"x2= 2=88 2068
2-2/3"x2= 2>38 =?28
2-:/5"x2= ==58 :>08
2-2/="x2= =058 35:8
6.86 Nrdst prdtfjt`dl

6.86.82 C`fsfg flo`lfs - 28.=82:
Jddgblt jdljfltrbtf
Sef rfjdaaflcfc a`x`lo rbt`d `s 68/68, prdv`cfc nrdst prdtfjt`dl mfgdw -:?¸J `s ldt rfqu`rfc.
Sef pdrt`dl dn tef jddgblt jdljfltrbtf `l tef jddgblt `s ldt bggdwfc td crdp mfgdw 35 % my vdguaf `l dpfrbt`dl.
Nrdst prdtfjt`dl up td ¸J Jddgblt jdljfltrbtf ]fabrk

pdrt`dl `l % my vdguaf
vdguaf
- :6¸J 35 % my vdg. Flo`lf dpfrbt`dl pfra`ttfc.
]fjdaaflcbt`dl9 `ljrfbsf
jdljfltrbt`dl td 68%.
- :?¸J 68 % my vdg. ]fjdaaflcfc jdljfltrbt`dl.
- 38 ¸J 6= % my vdg. Flo`lf dpfrbt`dl ldt pfra`ttfc.
Dlgy pfra`ttfc ndr stdrbof.
@ljrfbsfc rfqu`rfaflts brf pgbjfc dl tef jddgblt ndr c`fsfg flo`lfs. Jddgblt jdljfltrbtfs `l bjjdrcbljf w`te
CB@AGF] JE]PZGF] spfj`n`jbt`dl :=6.: blc `l bjjdrcbljf w`te BZSA C3056 brf bpprdvfc.
Zpfj`n`jbt`dl B]BG B]SFJD MBZN MX JBSF]X@GGB]

BZSA C3056 Blt`nrffzf Ebvdg`lf BNJ-Bl- Ogysblt`l O35, XrdJddg CFBJ - C`fsfg
Z`g`kbtnrf` t`nrffzf / Jddgblt Ogysblt`l O:8 Flo`lf Bl-
t`nrffzf / Jddgblt
FZZD/ FUUDL EÃ]SDG ZEFGG SFUBJD SDSBG
ADM@G
Adm`g Bl- Nrdstdx ZN-C2= Ogyjdsefgg Ebvdg`lf UGJ OGBJFGN Xgus /
t`nrffzf GG=888 OGBJFGN
Butd Zuprb
Zuprb
Jddgblts jbl dlgy mf a`xfc tdoftefr td b gà`tfc cforff. Cuf td c`nnfrflt bcc`t`vf tfjeldgdo`fs, tef bcc`t`vfs jbl
autubggy cforbcf fbje dtefr, rflcfr fbje dtefr `lfnnfjt`vf dr bcvfrsfgy bnnfjt tef nuljt`dlbg`ty dn tef jddg`lo sys-
tfa cuf td sfcàfltbt`dl. Cbabof cuf td a`x`lo dr `ljdrrfjt usbof dn jddgblt `s ldt jdvfrfc my tef wbrrblty.
]fqu`rfaflts dl wbtfr
Sef wbtfr ndr abk`lo up tef jddgblt sedugc mf c`st`ggfc dr nuggy cfa`lfrbg`sfc.
Zpfj`n`jbt`dl `l bj- Blbgys`s nòurfs

jdrcbljf w`te BZSA Vppfr gà`t
C62=, C3:=? Jegdr`lf (Jg) 38 ao/g • =.3 orb`ls/VZ obgg.
C62> Zugpebtf (ZD3) 288 ao/g • 6.0 orb`ls/VZ obgg.
C22=> Sdtbg ebrclfss 2?8 ao/g (2?¸cE) • 28 orb`ls/VZ obgg.
C2555 Sdtbg sdg`cs :38 ao/g • =8 orb`ls/VZ obgg.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ::? / :?8
Jebrts
Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs
Zpfj`n`jbt`dl `l bj- Blbgys`s nòurfs

jdrcbljf w`te BZSA
Vppfr gà`t
C2=0: Bj`c`ty pE vbguf nrda >.6 td 5.6
Jddg`lo systfa jgfbl`lo boflts

Jddg`lo systfa jgfbl`lo boflts brf cfsòlfc td nrff tef systfa dn cbabo`lo sjbgf blc jdrrds`dl. A`lfrbg cf-
pds`ts, jdrrds`dl prdcujts, gòet d`g jdltba`lbt`dl blc sgucof cfpds`ts brf c`ssdgvfc us`lo tef jddg`lo systfa
jgfbl`lo boflts.
Bgwbys jgfbl tef
tef jddg`lo systfa
systfa `n tef jddgblt
jddgblt `s jdltba`l
jdltba`lbtfc
btfc dr sgucof
sgucof ndras `l tef jddgblt.
Sef jddg`lo systfa jgfbl`lo boflt aust mf tedrduoegy ngusefc dut dn tef jddg`lo systfa.
6.86.8= A`gg`lo crua / wbtfr systfa

Bt gdw tfapfrbturfs,
tfapfrbturfs, wbtf
wbtfrr aust mf a`x
a`xfc
fc w`te b su`tbmgf
su`tbmgf blt`-nrffzf
blt`-nrffzf td prfvflt
prfvflt
nrdst cbabof.
Cd ldt usf adrf tebl 6= % my vdguaf (1 abx. nrdst prdtfjt`dl) jdrrds`dl prdtfj-
t`dl / blt`-nrffzf.
blt`-nrffzf.
Flsurf ydu dlgy usf flv`rdlafltbggy nr`flcgy blt`-nrffzf!
Nrdst prdtfjt`dl up td ¸J Xdrt`dl dn blt`-

nrffzf `l % my vdguaf
- 28 ¸J =2 % my vdg.
- 26 ¸J =5 % my vdg.
- =2 ¸J :3 % my vdg.
- =6 ¸J 38 % my vdg.
- :8 ¸J 33 % my vdg.
- :6 ¸J 35 % my vdg.
- 38 ¸J 6= % my vdg.
6.8> Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs

6.8>.82 Abje`lf
Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs - 8:.=823
Ordup Luamfr Cfsjr`pt`dl

Nusf nbugt 22: 82..l N 2..Nl
^dgtbof adl`tdr`lo 226 22 Fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy ^ss = (28^) XGJ 2 nb`gfc
226 2= Fgfjt
gfjtrr`jb
`jbg pdwfr
wfr su
sup
ppgy ^ss = (2
(28
8^) XGJ = nb
nb`g
`gf
fc
2=2 26 ]fbr stffr`lo jyg`lcfr
2=2 2> Nrdlt s
sttffr`lo j
jy
yg`lcfr
2=2 2? Srbvfgg`lo prfssurf
2=2 25 Nufg n`gg`lo gfvfg
2=2 20 Eycrbug`j d`
d`g tf
tfapfrbturf
2=2 => Idyst`jk brarfst ròet
2=2 =? A`gg`lo cfpte jyg`lcfr
2=2 =5 Crua ngbp, nrdlt
2=2 =0 Crua ngbp, rfbr
2=2 :8 Efòet jy
jyg`lcfr, nr
nrdlt-ròet
2=2 :2 Efòet jyg`lcfr, nrdlt-gfnt
Jebrts

2=2 := Efòet jyg`lcfr, rfbr-ròet
2=2 :: Efòet jyg`lcfr, rfbr-gfnt
2=2 :3 Crua ngbp, rrf
fbr, c
cd
dwlwbrc prfssurf
2=2 :> Sfapfrbturf sflsdr, efbt`lo j`rju`t 2
2=2 :? Sfapfrbturf sflsdr, efbt`lo j`rju`t =
2=2 :0 Sfapfrbturf sflsdr, efbt`lo j`rju`t 3
2=2 38 Sfapfrbturf sflsdr, efbt`lo j`rju`t 6
2=2 32 Sfapfrbturf sflsdr, efbt`lo j`rju`t >
2=2 3= Sfapfrbturf sflsdr, efbt`lo j`rju`t ?
2=2 3: Sfapfrbturf sflsdr, efbt`lo j`rju`t 5
2=2 3> Jebrof b`r tfapfrbturf sflsdr flo`lf 2
2=2 6= M`tuafl prfssurf sflsdr
2=2 6: A`gg`lo c
crrua of
ofbrmdx ttf
fapfrbturf sf
sflsdr
Zflsdr nr
nrfqufljy s`
sòlbg nb
nbugt 2=6 22 Zpffc d
dnn gf
gfnt nr
nrdlt b
bc
cvbljf ad
adtdr
2=6 2= Zpffc dn ròet nrdlt bcvbljf adtdr
2=6 2: Zpffc dn gfnt rfbr bcvbljf adtdr
2=6 23 Zpffc dn rfbr ròet bcvbljf adtdr
2=6 2> A`gg`lo crua ofbrmdx spffc sflsdr
Zflsdr cò`tbg sòlbg nbugt 2=? 22 Zflsf dn rdtbt`dl dn gfnt nrdlt bcvbljf adtdr
2=? 2= Zflsf dn rdtb
rdtbt`
t`d
dl dn rò
òe
et nr
nrdl
dltt bcvb
vbl
ljf adtd
tdr
r
2=? 2: Zflsf d
dnn rd
rdtbt`dl d
dnn ggf
fnt rrf
fbr b
bc
cvbljf ad
adtdr
2=? 23 Zflsf dn rdtb
rdtbt`
t`d
dl dn rò
òe
et rfbr
fbr bcvb
vbl
ljf adt
dtdr
dr
2:2 2? ]fbr gfnt jdltrdg ul`t
2:2 25 ]fbr ròet jdltrdg ul`t
2:2 20 Jdltrdg pblfg jbm`l

Vlfx
Vlfxpf
pfjt
jtfc
fc sw`
sw`tj
tje`
e`lo
lo s
stb
tbtu
tus
s =82.
=82... 82
82..
..l
l @L
@LT2
T2..
..@L
@LTl
Tl
=00
Zedrt j`rju`t fx`t :82.. 82
82..
..l
l DV
DVST
ST2.
2..D
.DVS
VSTl
Tl
:00
Jbmgf nrbjturf fx`t 382.. 82
82..
..l
l DV
DVST
ST2.
2..D
.DVS
VSTl
Tl
300
Ze
Zedr
drt-
t-td
td-m
-mbt
bttf
tfry
ry vdgt
vdgtbo
bof
f fx`t
fx`t 682.
682... 82
82..
..l
l DV
DVST
ST2.
2..D
.DVS
VSTl
Tl
600
JBL Ldcf nbugt >2: 82..l LdcfT2..LdcfTl
>26 2> Jbl 2
>26 2? Jbl =
>26 25 Jbl :
>26 20 Jbl 3
>26 =2 Ztffr`lo ul`t JBL : - JBL 3 `ltfrjeblofc
>26 == Jdltrdg 2 -< SJV
Jdaaul`jbt`dl nb`gfc >=2 22 SJV
?2: 2= I20:0 ZXL / NA@
Jebrts

?2: 2: I20:0 Jdaaul`jbt`dl
?2: 23 Jddgblt gfvfg
?2: 2> B`r n`gtfr
?2: =5 Ztbrtfr
?2: =0 Jebrof jdltrdg C+
?2: :8 _btfr `l nufg
?2: := CXN n`gg`lo gfvfg eòe
?2: :: Zòlbg nbugt flo`lf rull`lo
?2: :3 CXN nbugt
?2: :6 CXN n`gg`lo gfvfg nugg (ZXL9:=62 NA@98)
?2: :> CXN n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gf
gfvf
vfgg gd
gdw / afcù
ùa
a (ZX
(ZXL9
L9:
:=62 NA@9
@92
26)
?2: :? CXN n`gg`lo gf
gfvfg e
e`òe (ZXL9 :
:=
=62 NA@92>)
?2: :5 Flo`lf stdp
?2: :0 Nufg prfssurf (ZXL903)
?2: 32 B`r `ltbkf prfssurf (ZXL928=)
?2: 3= Nufg prfssurf g`lf (ZXL926?)
?2: 3: _btfr `l nufg (ZXL90?)
?2: 33 Flo`lf d`g p
prrfssurf (ZXL9288)
?2: 36 Flo`lf jddgblt tfapfrbturf (ZXL9228)
?2: 3> B`r `ltbkf tfapfrbturf (ZXL9286)
?2: 3? Flo`lf stbrt rfgby
?2: 35 Flo`lf stdp rfgby
?2: 30 Bgtfrlbtdr
?2: 62 ZJ]/CFN n`gg`lo gfvfg gdw |11117|
?2: 6= ZJ]/CFN n`gg`lo gfvfg gdw |1117T|
?2: 6: ZJ]/CFN n`gg`lo gfvfg gdw |117TT|
?2: 63 ZJ]/CFN n`gg`lo gfvfg gdw |17TTT|

?2: 66 ZJ]/CFN n`gg`lo gfvfg gdw |7TTTT|
?2: 6> ZJ]/CFN `lsunn`j`flt qubg`ty |11117|
?2: 6? ZJ]/CFN `lsunn`j`flt qubg`ty |1117T|
?2: 65 ZJ]/CFN `lsunn`j`flt qubg`ty |117TT|
?2: 60 ZJ]/CFN `lsunn`j`flt qubg`ty |17TTT|
?2: >2 ZJ]/CFN `lsunn`j`flt qubg`ty |7TTTT|
?2: >= ZJ]/CFN ul`t a
ab
bl`pugbt`dl |11117|
?2: >: ZJ]/CFN ul`t a
ab
bl`pugbt`dl | 7T|
?2: >3 ZJ]/CFN ul`t a
ab
bl`pugbt`dl |117TT|
?2: >6 ZJ]/CFN ul`t a
ab
bl`pugbt`dl |17TTT|
?2: >> ZJ]/CFN ul`t a
ab
bl`pugbt`dl |7TTTT|
?2: >? ZJ] ul`t nbugt

Ebrcwbrf nbugt ?2? 22 ]dtbt`dl trblscujfr stffr`lo ul`t JBL :
?2? 2= ]dtbt`dl trblscujfr stffr`lo ul`t JBL 3
?2? 2: Mrbkf stffr`lo ul`t JBL : `lbjt`vf
?2? 23 Ztffr`lo ul`t JBL : - JBL 3 `ltfrjeblofc
Jebrts

?2? :2 ^bgvf nbugt gàf cds`lo jdlvfydr
?2? := ^bgvf nbugt gàf buofr gfnt
?2? :: ^bgvf nbugt gàf buofr ròet
?2? :3 ^bgvf nbugt gàf sjrbpfr jdlvfydr
52: =3 Fafrofljy stdp w`r`lo XGJ2
52: =? Ztffr`lo ul`t
52: =5 Idyst`jk trbvfgg`lo brarfst ròet
52: :0 Fafrofljy stdp w`r`lo XGJ=
Augt`pgf nbugt 526 22 A`gg`lo crua ngbp ordulc rfgby
526 23 Cds`lo jd
jdlvfydr m
mggdjkfc
526 26 Buofr ròet mgdjkfc
526 2> Buofr gfnt mgdjkfc
526 2? Zjrbpfr jdlvfydr mgdjkfc
526 25 Vljdltrdggfc b
bc
cvbljf ad
advfaflt d
dnn ab
abje`lf
526 20 Flo`lf stdp w`tedut nuljt`dl
526 =2 ordulc rfgby Jdltrdg =
526 == Vljdltrdggfc dpfrbt`dl dn tef abje`lf
Eycrbug`js nbugt 5=2 22 Xrfssurf n`gtfr adl`tdr`lo
5=2 2= ]fturl n`gtfr adl`tdr`lo
5=2 2: Gfbk d`g n`gtfr adl`tdr`lo
5=2 23 Eycrbug`j d
d``g tf
tfapfrbturf tdd eòe
5=2 2> Eycrbug`j d`g n`gg`lo gfvfg tdd gdw
5=2 25 Adl`tdr`lo jd
jdam`lbt`dl nn``gtfr
5=2 20 A`gg`lo c
crrua jg
jgutje pr
prfssurf ttd
dd gd
gdw
5=2 =2 A`gg`lo crua ofbrmdx tfapfrbturf eòe
5=2 == A`gg`lo c
crrua of
ofbrmdx ttf
fapfrbturf ttd
dd e`
eòe
5=2 =: Eycrbug`j nf
nffc p
prrfssurf ttd
dd gd
gdw
Jbg`mrbt`dl nbugt 5:2 22 ]fbr stffr`lo jyg`lcfr
5:2 2= Nrdlt stffr`lo jyg`lcfr
5:6 2> A`gg`lo crua DL gdjkfc
5:6 20 Sddg jeblof bjt`vf
5:6 =2 Flo`lf wbra-up pebsf bjt`vf
5:6 =: Ofbrmdx sw`tje-dvfr mgdjkfc
02: 2= Nufg n`gg`lo gfvfg
02: =? Fxebust obs tfapfrbturf eòe
02: =5 CXN rfoflfr
lfrbt`d
t`dl gd
gdjk
jkf
fc -< c`
c`bo
bol
ldst
st`j
`j adc
adcugf
02: =0 CXN rfoflfr
lfrbt`d
t`dl gd
gdjk
jkf
fc -< dp
dpf
frbtd
tdr'
r's
s st
stb
blc
02: :2 Oflfrbtdr nbugt
02: := Cry rul prdtfjt`dl sprby`lo 2

02: :: Cry rul prdtfjt`dl sprby`lo =
02: :3 Nuljt`dl nbugt bcvbljf adtdr nrdlt gfnt
02: :6 Nuljt`dl nbugt b
bc
cvbljf adtdr nrdlt rr`òet
02: :> Nuljt`dl nbugt bcvbljf adtdr rfbr gfnt
Jebrts

02: :? Nuljt`dl nbugt bcvbljf adtdr rfbr ròet
02: :5 Ztdp c`fsfg flo`lf
02: 32 M`tuafl fafrofljy dpfrbt`dl sfgfjtfc
02: 3= Cry rul prdtfjt`dl m`tuafl wbtfr
02: 3: M`tuafl wbtfr n`gg`lo gfvfg 7=8%
02: 33 Ofbrmdx sw`t
sw`tj
je-d
e-dvf
vfrr 2st ofbr ld rfturl
turl s`
sòl
olb
bg
02: 36 Ofbrmdx sw`t
sw`tj
je-d
e-dvf
vfrr =st ofbr ld rfturl
turl s`
sòl
olb
bg
02: 3> Ofbrmdx sw`tje-dvfr ld rfturl sòlbg
02: 3? M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t 2
02: 35 M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t =
02: 30 M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t :
02: 62 M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t 3
02: 6= M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t 6
02: 6: M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t >
02: 63 M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t ?
02: 66 M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t 5
02: 6> M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t 0
02: 6? M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=28¸J j`rju`t 28
02: 65 M`tuafl tfapfrbturf <=:8¸J
02: >2 A`gg`lo c
crrua of
ofbrmdx ttf
fapfrbturf ttd
dd e`
eòe
]fabrks 0=6 22 Gàf cds`lo jdlvfydr ebs bje`fvfc abx. spffc
0=6 2= Gàf jdltb`lfr bcvbljf wbrl`lo fapty
0=6 2: Gàf jdltb`lfr fapty
0=6 23 Gàf jdltb`lfr nugg
0=6 26 Gàf
àf nn`g
`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr 2
28
88% cd
cdfs ldt
ldt s
sw
w`t
`tje
je dnn
0=6 2> Gàf
àf n`g
n`gg`l
g`lo gfvf
gfvfgg s
sf
flsd
sdrr 68%
68% cdfs ldt
ldt sw`tj
w`tje
e dnn
0=6 2? Gàf
àf n`g
n`gg`l
g`lo gfvf
gfvfgg sf
sfl
lsd
sdrr 68%
68% cdfs ldt sw`tj
w`tje
e dl
0=6 25 Gàf
àf nn`g
`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr 8
8%
% gf
gfnt cdfs ld
ldt s
sw`
w`tj
tje
e dl
dl
0=6 20 Gàf
àf nn`g
`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr 8
8%
% gf
gfnt cdfs ld
ldt s
sw`
w`tj
tje
e dl
dl
0=6 =2 Gàf
àf n`g
n`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr 8
8%
% rò
ròe
et c
cd
dfs ld
ldtt s
sw
w`t
`tje
je dl
0=6 == Gàf
àf n`g
n`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr 8
8%
% rò
ròe
et c
cd
dfs ld
ldtt s
sw
w`t
`tje
je dl
0=6 =: Gàf
àf nn`g
`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr ggf
fnt cdfs
dfs ld
ldt s
sw
w`t
`tje
je dnn
0=6 =3 Gàf
àf n`g
n`gg`l
g`lo gfvf
gfvfgg s
sf
flsd
sdrr gf
gfnt
nt cdfs
dfs ld
ldt s
sw
w`t
`tje
je dl
0=6
0=6 =6 Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfvf
gfvfgg s
sfl
flsd
sdrr jf
jflt
ltrf
rf-g
-gfn
fntt c
cdf
dfs
s ldt
ldt sw`t
sw`tje
je dn
dnn
n
0=6
0=6 => Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfvf
gfvfgg sf
sfls
lsdr
dr jf
jflt
ltrf
rf-g
-gfn
fntt cd
cdfs
fs ld
ldtt sw`t
sw`tje
je dl
0=6
0=6 =? Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfv
gfvfg
fg sf
sfls
lsdr
dr jf
jflt
ltrf
rf-r
-rò
òet
et cd
cdfs
fs ld
ldtt s
sw`
w`tj
tje
e dnn
dnn
0=6
0=6 =5 Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfvf
gfvfgg s
sfl
flsd
sdrr jf
jflt
ltrf
rf-r
-rò
òet
et cd
cdfs
fs ld
ldtt s
sw`
w`tj
tje
e dl
0=6 =0 Gàf
àf nn`g
`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr rr`òet
oet c
cd
dfs ld
ldt s
sw`
w`tj
tje
e dnn
dnn
0=6 :2 Gàf
àf nn`g
`gg`
g`l
lo gf
gfvf
vfgg sf
sflsd
sdrr rr`òet
oet c
cd
dfs ld
ldt s sw`
w`tjtje
e dl
dl
0=6
0=6 := Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfv
gfvfg
fg sf
sfls
lsdr
dr mf
mfe` e`lc
lc bu
buof
ofrr ggfn
fntt c
cdf
dfss ldt
ldt sw
sw`t
`tje
je dn
dnn
n
0=6
0=6 :: Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfv
gfvfg
fg sf
sfls
lsdr
dr mf
mfe`
e`lc
lc bu
buof
ofrr ggfn
fntt c
cdf
dfs
s ldt
ldt sw
sw`t
`tje
je dl
0=6
0=6 :3 Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfv
gfvfg
fg sf
sfls
lsdr
dr mf
mfe`
e`lc
lc bu
buof
ofrr rrò
òet
et cd
cdfs
fs ld
ldtt s
sw`
w`tj
tje
e dnn
dnn
0=6
0=6 :6 Gàf
Gàf n`gg
n`gg`l
`lo
o gfv
gfvfg
fg sf
sfls
lsdr
dr mf
mfe`
e`lc
lc bu
buof
ofrr rrò
òet
et cd
cdfs
fs ld
ldtt s
sw`
w`tj
tje
e dl
dl
Jebrts

0=6 :> Fapty p`pf cftfjt`dl (FXC)
6.8>.8= C`fsfg f
fl
lo`lf ZXL jdcf blc ng
ngb
bse jdcf
ZXL 1
ZXL 1 Zuspfjt Xbrbaftfr Luamfr
ZXL NA@ jdcf Ngbse jdcf Cfsjr`pt`dl
jdcf
53 = =-3-2 _effg-mbsfc ^fe`jgf Zpffc
02 5 2-3-? Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl 2
02 20 =-5-? Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl 2
02 = 6-=-5 Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl 2
02 : 2-:-2 / 6-2-6 Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl 2
02 3 2-:-= / 6-2-> Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl 2
03 2> 3-3-0 Nufg suppgy prfssurf
03 25 3-5-= Nufg suppgy prfssurf
03 : 6-3-> Nufg suppgy prfssurf
0? 26 3-2-5 _btfr-`l-nufg c`spgby
0? 3 3-=-0 _btfr-`l-nufg c`spgby
0? : 3-=-5 _btfr-`l-nufg c`spgby
288 3 2-3-2 Flo`lf d`g prfssurf
288 25 2-3-: Flo`lf d`g prfssurf
288 2 3-2-6 Flo`lf d`g prfssurf
288 : 2-:-6 Flo`lf d`g prfssurf
288 = 3:6 Flo`lf d`g prfssurf
28= : 2-=-= Xrfssurf dn flo`lf `ltbkf p`pf 2
28= 3 2-=-: Xrfssurf dn flo`lf `ltbkf p`pf 2
28: 2> 6-0-6 Zpffc nrda flo`lf/turmdjebrofr 2
286 : 2-6-: Sfapfrbturf dn flo`lf `ltbkf p`pf 2
286 3 2-6-3 Sfapfrbturf dn flo`lf `ltbkf p`pf 2
286 8 2-6-6 Sfapfrbturf dn flo`lf `ltbkf p`pf 2
286 2> 3-5-5 Sfapfrbturf dn flo`lf `ltbkf p`pf 2
285 : =-=-2 B`r prfssurf
285 3 =-=-= B`r prfssurf
285 = =-0-6 B`r prfssurf
228 8 2-6-2 Jddgblt tfapfrbturf
228 : 233 Jddgblt tfapfrbturf
228 3 2-3-6 Jddgblt tfapfrbturf
228 2> 2-3-> Jddgblt tfapfrbturf
222 = 3-=-= Jddgblt gfvfg
222 2 =-:-6 Jddgblt gfvfg

22: = 6-=-3 Jefjk dn tef bgtfrlbt`vf DFA jdltrdg c`nnfrflt`bg sw`tje
26> : 2-2-> Xrfssurf dn `lifjtdr rb`g 2
26? : 3-6-2 Xrfssurf dn `lifjtdr rb`g 2
26? 3 3-6-= Xrfssurf dn `lifjtdr rb`g 2
26? 2> 6-6-: Xrfssurf dn `lifjtdr rb`g 2
Jebrts

jdcf
26? ? ?-6-6 Xrfssurf dn `lifjtdr rb`g 2
2>> = 0-6-2 Flo`lf rbtfc dutput
2>? 2> 6-0-> Jebro`lo systfa vdgtbof
2>? 25 6-0-? Jebro`lo systfa vdgtbof
2>? 2 6-0-5 Jebro`lo systfa vdgtbof
2>5 25 3-3-2 Mbttfry pdtflt`bg / pdwfr jdlsuapt`dl
2>5 2> 3-3-= Mbttfry pdtflt`bg / pdwfr jdlsuapt`dl
2?3 : =->-: Flo`lf nufg tfapfrbturf 2
2?3 3 =->-6 Flo`lf nufg tfapfrbturf 2
2?6 : =-2-= Flo`lf d`g tfapfrbturf 2
2?6 3 =-2-: Flo`lf d`g tfapfrbturf 2
2?6 8 =-2-3 Flo`lf d`g tfapfrbturf 2
208 28 2-=-2 Flo`lf spffc
208 8 =-:-3 Flo`lf spffc
208 = 2-2-6 Flo`lf spffc
202 2> :-3-0 Ofbrmdx dutput spffc
202 25 3-5-0 Ofbrmdx dutput spffc
=62 = :-2-0 Fgfjtr`j`ty `ltfrrupt`dl nrda rfbg-tàf jgdjk oflfrbtdr
665 = 3-:-2 Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg `cg`lo spffc sw`tje 2
665 3 6-6-2 Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg `cg`lo spffc sw`tje 2
665 2: 3-:-= Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg `cg`lo spffc sw`tje 2
>80 = 2-5-3 Flo`lf jdltrdg adcugf (FJA)
>=8 25 3-3-3 DFA sflsdr vdgtbof suppgy gdw
>=8 : :-5-6 / =-=-? CJ vdgtbof suppgy dn 6-vdgt sflsdr
>=8 3 2-5-? CJ vdgtbof suppgy dn 6-vdgt sflsdr
>=> 22 :-5-2 / :-5-= Ztbrtfr cfv`jf 2
>=? = 3-:-3 Xdwfr gdss cur`lo òl`t`dl
>=0 2= 2-2-2 Flo`lf jdltrdg adcugf wbrl`lo9 `ltfrlbg ebrcwbrf nbugt
>=0 2= :-3-: Flo`lf jdltrdg adcugf wbrl`lo9 `ltfrlbg ebrcwbrf nbugt
>:8 2= :-3-> Flo`lf jdltrdg adcugf - sdntwbrf frrdr
>:8 = >-3-2 / :-3-2 Fgfjtrdl`j jbg`mrbt`dl jdcf ldt jdapbt`mgf
>:= 3 =-6-3 Jdltrdg ndr flo`lf nufg jut-dnn 2
>:= ? =-6-0 Jdltrdg ndr flo`lf nufg jut-dnn 2
>:: : =?> Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr 2
>:: ? =-?-? Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr 2
>:: 22 6-:-0 Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr 2
>:: 3 =-?-0 Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr 2
>:: 6 :-?-5 Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr 2

>:: > :-?-0 Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr 2
>:6 6 :-0-3 Bjtubtdr j`rju`t ndr tàf jdltrdg 2
>:6 > :-0-6 Bjtubtdr j`rju`t ndr tàf jdltrdg 2
>:0 0 =-5-6 ZBF I20:0 augt`pgfx`lo XOL tàfdut
>:0 2: =-5-> ZBF I20:0 augt`pgfx`lo XOL tàfdut
Jebrts

jdcf
>:0 = 3-=-> ZBF I20:0 augt`pgfx`lo XOL tàfdut
>38 23 6-0-0 ]fqu`rfc bcc`t`dlbg dutput sw`tjefc dnn
>3? 3 =-3-6 Nbl jdltrdg j`rju`t
>3? 22 :-5-0 Nbl jdltrdg j`rju`t
>62 > :-2-2 J`rju`t nrda `lifjtdr sdgfld`c cr`vf jyg`lcfr 2
>6= > :-2-6 J`rju`t nrda `lifjtdr sdgfld`c cr`vf jyg`lcfr =
>6: > :-2-: J`rju`t nrda `lifjtdr sdgfld`c cr`vf jyg`lcfr :
>66 > :-2-= J`rju`t nrda `lifjtdr sdgfld`c cr`vf jyg`lcfr 6
>6> 6 :-2-3 J`rju`t nrda `lifjtdr sdgfld`c cr`vf jyg`lcfr >
?8= : 6-=-? Bcc`t`dlbg @/D ld. 8=
?8: : 6-=-0 Bcc`t`dlbg @/D ld. 8:
?8: 22 ?-?-0 Bcc`t`dlbg @/D ld. 8:
?8: 23 =-2-0-6 Bcc`t`dlbg @/D ld. 8:
?=: = ?-6-: Flo`lf spffc =
0=: 22 ?->-5 Cr`vfr ndr dutput cfv`jf
0?3 : 2-:-: ]fadtfgy jdltrdggfc bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl
0?3 3 ?->-5 / 2-:-3 ]fadtfgy jdltrdggfc bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl
0?3 20 =-5-5 ]fadtfgy jdltrdggfc bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl
283: : =-5-: / :-5-? Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl sflsdr 2
283: 3 =-5-3 / 3-3-: Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl sflsdr 2
283: 22 3-0-> Bjjfgfrbtdr pfcbg pds`t`dl sflsdr 2
28?6 22 =-?-5 Fgfjtr`jbg g`nt puap ndr nufg suppgy j`rju`t
28?> 2: 3-0-: Sràa`lo j`rju`t ndr nufg puap jbg`mrbt`dl
28?? 23 :-=-0 Nufg systfa gfbk`lo
28?0 3 :-6-= CJ vdgtbof suppgy dn 6-vdgt sflsdr
28?0 : :-5-> CJ vdgtbof suppgy dn 6-vdgt sflsdr
285: : =-0-: Bcc`t`dlbg @/D jebllfg 2
285: 3 =-0-3 Bcc`t`dlbg @/D jebllfg 2
2853 : =-0-? Bcc`t`dlbg @/D jebllfg =
2255 3 3->-> Flo`lf turmdjebrofr mypbss vbgvf cr`vf pds`t`dl 2
2=33 6 :-0-> Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr =
2=33 > :-0-? Jdltrdg jdaablc ndr flo`lf nufg bjtubtdr =
2=36 6 :-0-5 Bjtubtdr j`rju`t ndr tàf jdltrdg =
2=36 > :00 Bjtubtdr j`rju`t ndr tàf jdltrdg =
2=>6 3 =-=-: Zdgfld`c vbgvf flo`lf d`g jdamust`dl
2:3? 3 =-?-2 J`rju`t dn tef prfssurf oflfrbtdr ndr nufg puap 2
2:3? : =-?-= J`rju`t dn tef prfssurf oflfrbtdr ndr nufg puap 2
2:3? ? =-?-6 / =-5-2 Nufg puap fgfaflt 2

2:35 3 =-?-: Eòe nufg prfssurf sdgfld`c vbgvf =
2:35 : =-?-3 Eòe nufg prfssurf sdgfld`c vbgvf =
2:35 ? =-5-= / :-=-5 Eòe nufg prfssurf sdgfld`c vbgvf =
2:30 : 3-5-: Flo`lf cds`lo `lifjtdr rb`g = prfssurf
2:30 3 3-5-3 Flo`lf cds`lo `lifjtdr rb`g = prfssurf
Jebrts
Jbgjugbt`dl fxbapgfs / ndraugbs

jdcf
2:30 2> 3-5-6 Flo`lf cds`lo `lifjtdr rb`g = prfssurf
2:30 25 3-5-> Flo`lf cds`lo `lifjtdr rb`g = prfssurf
2:30 ? ?-6-5 Flo`lf cds`lo `lifjtdr rb`g = prfssurf
2:?? = 3-0-? Flo`lf syljerdl`sbt`dl sw`tje
2:58 2? =-2-0 ]fadvfc flo`lf d`g gfvfg jdltb`lfr
2:52 : 6-5-2 Flo`lf nufg puap `ltbkf prfssurf
2:52 3 6-5-= Flo`lf nufg puap `ltbkf prfssurf
2:52 25 6-5-: Flo`lf nufg puap `ltbkf prfssurf
2:5: :2 >-2-2 Bux`g`bry cfv`jf sflsdr `lput =
2:53 :2 =-0-0 Zw`tje-dnn rfqufstfc my ZBF I20:0 flo`lf
2:5? 23 =-0-> Bcc`t`dlbg prfssurf ld. 2
2:5? : =-0-? Bcc`t`dlbg prfssurf ld. 2
2:5? 3 =-0-5 Bcc`t`dlbg prfssurf ld. 2
2:5? 22 =-2-0-3 Bux`g`bry prfssurf 2
2353 :2 =-2-2 Zfvfrf nbugt `l bt gfbst dlf adcugf
6.8? Jbgjugbt`dl fxbapgfs / ndraugbs

6.8?.82 _btfr / faugs`dl
Jbgjugbt`dl fxbapgfs9
_`cte M 1 =.3 a _btfr bcc`t`dl _ 1 = % (8.8=)
Cfpte S 1 8.= a ς_ 1 2 ko/g
Zpffc ^ 1 6 a/a`l Faugs`dl bcc`t`dl F 1 6% (8.86)

Cfls`ty ςA 1 =,=88 ko/a: ςF 1 2 ko/g
Faugs`dl vdguaf `l k`gdorbaaf pfr a`lutf [ko/a`lQ AF 1 M x S x ^ x ςA x F
AF 1 =.3 x 8.= x 6 [a/a`lQ x =,=88 [ko/a:Q x 8.86
AF 1 =>3 [ko/a`lQ

_btfr vdguaf `l k`gdorbaaf pfr a`lutf [ko/a`lQ A_ 1 M x S x ^ x ςA x _
A_ 1 =.3 x 8.= x 6 [a/a`lQ x =,=88 [ko/a:Q x 8.8=
A_ 1 286.> [ko/a`lQ
Ngu`c vdguaf `l g`trf pfr a`lutf [g/a`lQ R 1 AF 9 ςF + A_ 9 ς_
R 1 =>3 [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ + 286.> [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ
R 1 :>0.> [g/a`lQ
(Abxàua c`spgbjfaflt)
Faugs`dl jdlsuapt`dl `l g`trf pfr edur [g/eQ RF 1 AF 9 ςF x a`l/e
RF 1 =>3 [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ x >8 [a`l/eQ
RF 1 26,538 [g/eQ
_btfr jdlsuapt`dl `l g`trf pfr edur [g/eQ R_ 1 A_ 9 ς_ x a`l/e
R_ 1 286.> [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ x >8 [a`l/eQ
R_ 1 >::> [g/eQ
Jebrts
Jbgjugbt`dl fxbapgfs / ndraugbs
6.8?.8= Ndba m`tuafl

Jbgjugbt`dl fxbapgfs9
_`cte M 1 =.3 a Bcc`t`dl dn m`tuafl wbtfr YZ_ 1 =% (8.8=)
Cfpte S 1 8.= a ςM 1 2 ko/g
Zpffc ^ 1 6 a/a`l M`tuafl bcc`t`dl YM 1 :% (8.8:)

Cfls`ty ςA 1 =,=88 ko/a: ςM 1 2 ko/g
Jdap
Jdapbj
bjt`
t`dl
dl w
wbt
btfr
fr b
bcc
cc`t
`t`d
`dl
l _ 1 3 % (8
(8,8
,83)
3)
M`tuafl vdguaf `l k`gdorbaaf pfr a`lutf [ko/a`lQ AM 1 M x S x ^ x ςA x YM
AM 1 =.3 x 8.= x 6 [a/a`lQ x =,=88 [ko/a:Q x 8.8:
AM 1 265.3 [ko/a`lQ
M`tuafl vdguaf `l g`trf pfr a`lutf [g/a`lQ RM 1 AM 9 ςM
RM 1 265.3 [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ
RM 1 265.3 [g/a`lQ
(Abxàua c`spgbjfaflt)
M`tuafl jdlsuapt`dl `l g`trf pfr edur [g/eQ RM 1 AM 9 ςM x a`l/e
RM 1 265.3 [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ x >8 [a`l/eQ
RM 1 0683 [g/a`lQ
M`tuafl wbtfr `l k`gdorbaaf pfr a`lutf [ko/a`lQ AZ_ 1 AM x YZ_

AZ_ 1 265.3 [ko/a`lQ x 8.8=
AZ_ 1 :.2? [ko/a`lQ
M`tuafl wbtfr `l g`trf pfr a`lutf [g/a`lQ RZ_ 1 AZ_ 9 ςZ_
RZ_ 1 :.2? [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ
RZ_ 1 :.2? [g/a`lQ
M`tuafl wbtfr `l g`trf pfr edur [g/eQ RZ_ 1 AZ_ 9 ςZ_ x a`l/e
RZ_ 1 :.2? [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ x >8 [a`l/eQ
RZ_ 1 208.= [g/eQ
Jdapbjt`dl wbtfr `l k`gdorbaaf pfr a`lutf [ko/a`lQ A_ 1 M x S x ^ x ςA x _
A_ 1 =.3 x 8.= x 6 [a/a`lQ x =,=88 [ko/a:Q x 8,83
A_ 1 =22,= [ko/a`lQ
Jdapbjt`dl wbtfr `l g`trf pfr a`lutf [g/a`lQ R_ 1 A_ 9 ς_
R_ 1 =22,= [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ
R_ 1 =22.= [g/a`lQ

Jdapbjt`dl wbtfr `l g`trf pfr edur [g/eQ R_ 1 A_ 9 ς_ x a`l/e
R_ 1 =22,= [ko/a`lQ 9 2 [ko/gQ x >8 [a`l/eQ
R_ 1 2=>?= [g/eQ

:35 / :?8
@lstbggbt`dl, bssfamgy blc jdlvfrs`dl `lstrujt`dls, sft-up tbsks

> @LZSBGGBS@DL, BZZFAMGP BLC JDL^F]Z@DL

@LZS]VJS@DLZ, ZFS-VX SBZKZ
>.88 Oflfrbg
>.88.82 Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls
Bgg bjt`v`t`fs cfsjr`mfc
cfsjr`mfc `l Ab
Ab`l
`l Ordup > "@LZSBGGBS@DL,
"@LZSBGGBS@DL, BZZFAMGP
BZZFAMGP BLC
JDL^F]Z@DL @LZS]VJS@DLZ, ZFS-VX SBZKZ" aust mf jdapgftfc (cfpflc-
`lo dl tef fqu`paflt dn tef abje`lf) mfndrf stbrt`lo-up tef abje`lf blc mfndrf
dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl. Dtefrw`sf tef abje`lf aby mf cbabofc dr tef rfsugts aby
mf ulsbt`snbjtdry.
ulsbt`snbjtdry.
Sef bssfamgy/rfadvbg blc sft-up dn vbr`dus pbrts dn tef abje`lf blc `tfas dn
fqu`paflt brf cfsjr`mfc `l tef ndggdw`lo sfjt`dls.
Mbs`j rfqu`rfaflt9
 Sef abje`lf `s pbrkfc dl b ngbt, fvfl surnbjf

Sef abje`lf `s pbrkfc dl b n`ra sum-mbsf
>.82 Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdg (XGJ)
>.8
>.82.
2.82
82 C`s
C`spg
pgby
by mr
mrò
òe
etlf
tlfss / c
cb
btf / p
prrdo
dorb
rbaa
aaf
f ggb
bloub
loubof
of
Zft mròetlfss (c`spgby 2) AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt "C`spgby 2 mròetlf
mròetlfss
ss (cby)" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft rfqu`rfc mròetlfss `l %.
AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.0.:).

 Zfgfjt "C`spgby 2 mròetlf
mròetlfss
ss (lòet)" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.

Zft mròetlfss (c`spgby =) AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.0.=).

 Zfgfjt "C`spgby = mròetlfs
mròetlfss
s (cby)" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt "C`spgby = mròetlfs
mròetlfss
s (lòet)" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
Kfymdbrc gòet`lo AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef "kfymdbrc gòet`lo" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.

 Zw`tje kfymdbrc gòet`lo dl/dnn.
Cbtf AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.0.>).

 Zfgfjt tef "Cbtf" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft tef cbtf.
Sàf AB]O@L
 Zfgfjt tef bcibjflt sjrffl (:.0.?).

 Zfgfjt tef "Sàf" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft tef tàf.
Xrdorbaaf gbloubof Bgg sjrffls jbl
jbl mf sfgfjtfc `l Ofrab
Ofrabl l dr dtefr gbloubofs
gbloubofs (cfpflc`lo
(cfpflc`lo dl tef
prdorbaaf cfsòl), bntfr tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy ebs mffl sw`tjefc dl.
AB]O@L

 Zfgfjt tef "Gbloubof" n`fgc w`te tef bciustfr.
 Zft tef rfqu`rfc gbloubof.

C`fsfg flo`lf
>.82.8= @X] jdcf

Sef @X] jdcf prdjfcurf bggdws flbmg`lo dn sjrffls w`te mbs`j fgfjtr`jbg
sftt`los (mgdjkfc ndr ldrabg adcf), ndr spfj`n`j bppg`jbt`dl jdlc`t`dls.
@apdrtblt pbrbaftfrs jbl mf jeblofc `l tefsf sjrffls.
Bjt`vbt`dl dn te`s nfbturf jbl dlgy mf cdlf my _@]SOFL Justdafr Zfrv`jf.
Bjt`vbt`dl `s gà`tfc td b pfr`dc dn terff dpfrbt`dlbg edurs.
Sef dpfrbtdr `s prdaptfc td fltfr b pbsswdrc (@X] jdcf) `n b prdtfjtfc sjrffl
`s rfbjefc wefl lbvòbt`lo tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr c`spgby. Se`s brfb jbl mf fx-
`tfc my prfss`lo tef EDAF kfy dr tef FZJ kfy.
]fqufst`lo bl @X] jdcf

]fbc`lo tef @X] jdcf blc suppgy`lo `t td _@]SOFL Zfrv`jf.
 _@]SOFL Zfrv`jf oflfrbtfs b pbsswdrc blc jdaaul`jbtfs `t my tfgfpedlf.
 Fltfr tef pbsswdrc.
 Sef prdtfjtfc sjrffls brf flbmgfc ndr tef curbt`dl dn : edurs.
>.8= C`fsfg flo`lf

>.8=.82 Xr`dr td stbrt`lo te
tef
f c`fsfg flo`lf
Sef abje`lf aust mf g`ntfc jdapgftfgy.
Sef a`gg`lo crua aust mf g`ntfc jdapgftfgy.

C`fsfg flo`lf
Jefjk`lo tef nufg gfvfg
 Jefjk tef n`gg`lo gfvfg dn tef nufg tblk blc n`gg up `n lfjfssbry.
LDSF
@t `s fssflt`bg td flsurf tebt tef nufg tblk jdltb`ls sunn`j`flt nufg `l drcfr td prf-
vflt fapty`lo dn tef nufg tblk blc sumsfquflt sujt`dl dn b`r `ltd tef cr`vf adtdr.
@l te`s jbsf tef flo`lf aust mf mgfc.
Jefjk`lo tef flo`lf d`g gfvfg

 Xugg dut d`g c`pst`jk.

Sef c`pst`jk aust `lc`jbtf b gfvfg mftwffl A@L blc ABU; tdp up flo`lf d`g, `n
lfjfssbry.

C`fsfg flo`lf
Jefjk`lo tef jddgblt gfvfg
 Xfrndra v`subg `lspfjt`dl, `n lfjfssbry tdp-up jddgblt.
Jefjk`lo tef eycrbug`j d`g gfvfg
 ^`subggy `lspfjt tef sòet ogbss.

 Sef `lc`jbt`dl aust `lc`jbtf b gfvfg mftwffl A@L blc ABU, `n lfjfssbry tdp-
up eycrbug`j d`g.

C`fsfg flo`lf
Jefjk`lo tef d`g gfvfg `l tef puap spg`ttfr ofbrmdx
 ^`subggy `lspfjt tef d`g c`pst`jk. Ndr te`s pugg dut tef d`g c`pst`jk, jgfbl blc
rf`lsfrt `t gòetgy - tef c`pst`jk aust `lc`jbtf b gfvfg mftwffl A@L blc ABU;
tdp up ofbr d`g `n rfqu`rfc.
 Sefl rf`lsfrt tef d`g c`pst`jk.
Ab`l sw`tje
 Dpfl tef jdvfr mfe`lc tef jbm`l.
 Zft tef ab`l sw`tje td "DL" (ngbo `l trbvfg c`rfjt`dl ndrwbrcs).

C`fsfg flo`lf
AB]O@L
FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tje

 Surl bgg FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tjefs `l tef c`rfjt`dl dn tef brrdw.
LDSF
@t `s td mf flsurfc bgg FAF]OFLJP ZSDX sw`tjefs brf ulgdjkfc, dtefrw`sf `t

w`gg ldt mf pdss`mgf td stbrt tef c`fsfg flo`lf.
AB]O@L
Idyst`jk trbvfgg`lo
 Xgbjf idyst`jk `l tef jfltrbg pds`t`dl, dtefrw`sf `t w`gg ldt mf pdss`mgf td stbrt
tef c`fsfg flo`lf.
AB]O@L
Sddg fxjeblof
fxjeb lof
 Zft SDDG FUJEBLOF sw`tje td "DNN".
LDSF
@t `s fssflt`bg td flsurf tebt tef kfy sw`tje ("tddg fxjeblof" jdltrdg pblfg dl rfbr
a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr) `s sft td "DNN" - fgsf stbrt`lo dn tef c`fsfg flo`lf dr stbrt-
`lo dn cr`vfs / nuljt`dls `s ldt pdss`mgf.
AB]O@L
A`gg`lo crua cr`vf

 Zft tef sw`tje td tef gfnt; tef GFC odfs dut .

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
>.8: Dpfrbtdr's stblc

>.8:.82 Dpfrbtdr's jbm`l AB]O@L
 Zw`tje dl fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy.

 @lsfrt kfy blc pgbjf `l jfltrbg pds`t`dl.
AB]O@L
 Xgbjf stffr`lo weffg blc dpfrbtdr's sfbt `l wdrk`lo pds`t`dl.


Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Advf jbm`l
 Advf tef jbm`l `ltd wdrk`lo pds`t`dl.

AB]O@L
AB]O@L
 Zw`tje dnn tef fgfjtr`jbg pdwfr suppgy.

 @lsfrt tef kfy blc sft td syamdg "8".

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
>.8:.8= Dpfrbtdr's sfbt ul`t

Sef dpfrbtdr sfbt ul`t jbl mf bcbptfc td tef rfgfvblt rfqu`rfaflts, cf-
pflc`lo dl tef dpfrbt`dlbg adcf dn tef abje`lf.
LDSF
Sef dpfrbtdr's sfbt sedugc mf advfc ndrwbrc bob`lst tef stdp mfndrf tef
dpfrbtdr's sfbt ul`t jbl mf turlfc.
Surl`lo tef dpfrbtdr's sfbt ul`t (abx. 08¸)

 Ndgc mdte brarfsts td wdrk`lo pds`t`dl, pugg tef gfvfr td tef rfbr blc edgc `t
tefrf ult`g tef sfbt ul`t ebs rfbjefc tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl blc `s flobofc.

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Zftt`lo up tef dpfrbtdr's sfbt
2 Advf tef
tef s
sfb
fbt.
t.
= Bciust
Bciust tef sfbt
sfbt su
supp
ppdr
drtt bl
blogf
ogf..
: Bciust
Bciust ttef
ef s
sfb
fbtt rd
rdjkf
jkfrr cbap
cbap`lo
`lo..
3 ]fstr`
]fstr`jt
jt ttef
ef spr`lo
spr`lo trb
trbvfg
vfg..
6 Advf
Advf tef
tef s
sfb
fbtt supp
suppdr
drt.
t.
> ]b`sf / gd
gdwfr
wfr sfbt (w`te jdaprfss
jdaprfssfc
fc b`r)
? @lc`jbt`dl dn tef jdrrfjt wfòet sftt`lo9
sftt`lo9 orffl
orffl 1 jdrrfjt sftt`lo / rfc 1 `ljdr-
rfjt sftt`lo.
Brarfsts - ròet blc gfnt

 Gddsfl tef sjrfws dl tef ròet blc gfnt.
 Bciust tef efòet
efòet dn tef b
brarfsts.
rarfsts.
 Sòetfl tef sjrfws.

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
 Xugg tef muttdl blc edgc `t.

 Advf tef brarfsts td tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl.
 ]fgfbsf tef muttdl blc gft `t flobof.
Dpfrbtdr's sfbt
 Xut dl tef gbp mfgt.
:>8 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Zft tef stffr`lo jdlsdgf
 Xugg tef gbtje`lo gfvfr blc advf tef stffr`lo jdlsdgf td tef rfqu`rfc pds`t`dl.
 Xuse tef gfvfr cdwlwbrcs blc gdjk tef stffr`lo jdlsdgf.
 Sd gfbvf tef sfbt, prfss tef pfcbg cdwl blc puse tef stffr`lo jdlsdgf ndr-
wbrcs.
 Bntfr rfturl`lo
rfturl`lo td tef sfbt,
sfbt, pugg tef stf
stffr`lo
fr`lo jdlsdgf
jdlsdgf mbjkwbrcs
mbjkwbrcs ult`g `t fl-
obofs `l tef prfv`dusgy sft pds`t`dl.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :>2 / :?8

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Zftt`lo tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr
 ]fgfbsf tef gdjk`lo cfv`jf blc advf tef dl-mdbrc jdaputfr td tef rfqu`rfc
pds`t`dl.
 Flobof tef gdjk`lo cfv`jf.
>.8:.8: A`rrdrs
 Bciust tef rfbr-v`fw
rfbr-v`fw a`rr
a`rrdrs
drs bjjdrc`lo
bjjdrc`lo td ydur rfqu`rfaf
rfqu`rfaflts.
lts.
:>= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
>.8:.83 Jbafrb / adl`tdr systfa

Zftt`lo jbafrb/adl`tdr pds`t`dls
[2Q Jbafrb (duts`cf brfb gfnt) [=Q Jbafrb (a`gg`lo crua / a`gg`lo
crua sjrbpfr nrdlt brfb)
[:Q Jbafrb (a`gg`lo crua / a`gg`lo [3Q Jbafrb (brfb mfe`lc tef ab-
crua sjrbpfr rfbr brfb) je`lf / rfvfrsf trbvfg)
_B]L@LO
Cblofr dn `liury
Jbafrb blc adl`tdr systfas aust ldt mf usfc bs sbnfty cfv`jfs td cftfjt pfr-
sdls dr dmstbjgfs.
B systfa dn te`s k`lc
k`lc `s dlgy bggd
bggdwfc
wfc td mf usfc
usfc ndr dmsfrv`lo
dmsfrv`lo tef nrdlt
nrdlt blc rfbr
rfbr
a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfrs (JBA =+:), tef gfnt s`cf dn tef abje`lf (JBA 2) blc/dr ndr
qubg`ty jdltrdg dn tef wdrk`lo rfsugt, dr cur`lo rfvfrsf trbvfg (JBA 3).
Cur`lo rfvfrsf trbvfg (JBA 3), tef abje`lf dutg`lfs jbl prdifjt mfydlc tef c`s-
pgbyfc g`lfs cfpflc`lo dl tef s`tubt`dl.
Xfrsdls dr dmstbjgfs jdugc mf dvfrgddkfc. ]`sk dn nbtbg `liury.
 Vsf bl bss`stblt td adl`tdr cblofr brfbs.
 Jbafrb blc adl`tdr systfas aust ldt mf usfc td sbnfoubrc tef cblofr
brfb.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :>: / :?8

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Bciust`lo tef adl`tdr
 Gddsfl tef gdjk`lo cfv`jf.

 Zft tef adl`tdr sd tebt `t jbl fbs`gy mf sffl my tef dpfrbtdr.
 Zfjur`lo tef adl`tdr.
Jbafrb 3
 Jbafrb ebs b n`xfc pds`t`dl blc cdfs ldt lffc td mf bgòlfc.

Dpfrbtdr's stblc
Bgòl`lo jbafrb :
 Ebvf b sfjdlc pfrsdl bgòl tef jbafrb sd tebt tef rfbr brfb dn tef a`gg`lo
crua dr tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr pds`t`dl jbl fbs`gy mf sffl dl tef c`spgby.
Bgòl`lo jbafrb =
 Ebvf b sfjdlc pfrsdl bgòl tef jbafrb sd tebt tef nrdlt brfb dn tef a`gg`lo
crua dr tef a`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr pds`t`dl jbl fbs`gy mf sffl dl tef c`spgby.

A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Bgòl`lo jbafrb 2
 Sef jbafrb `s fqu`ppfc w`te b abolft mbsf, we`je afbls `t jbl mf advfc
td b c`nnfrflt pds`t`dl bjjdrc`lo td tef dpfrbt`lo jdlc`t`dls.
 Ebvf b sfjdlc pfrsdl bgòl tef jbafrb sd tebt tef rfqu`rfc v`fw`lo brfb
(f.o. gfnt abje`lf brfb) jbl fbs`gy mf sffl dl tef c`spgby.
>.83 A`gg`lo crua ul`t

>.83.82 A`gg`lo crua sefgg
Crb`l`lo blc n`gg`lo `l a`gg`lo crua jddgblt
(ndr rfpb`r wdrk - f.o. c`sabltg`lo tef a`gg`lo crua ofbrmdx)
:>> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

A`gg`lo crua ul`t
Crb`l a`gg`lo crua jddgblt
 ]fadvf n`ggfr / crb`l pguo.

 Vsf tef a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf dr tef fgfjtr`jbg p`jk fxtrbjtdr td turl tef
a`gg`lo crua ult`g tef dpfl`lo `s pd`lt`lo cdwlwbrcs.
 Jdggfjt a`gg`lo crua jddgblt `l b su`tbmgf jdltb`lfr.
© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl :>? / :?8

A`gg`lo crua ul`t
N`gg `l a`gg`lo crua jddgblt
 Vsf tef a`gg`lo crua rdtbt`dl cfv`jf dr tef fgfjtr`jbg p`jk fxtrbjtdr td turl tef
a`gg`lo crua ult`g tef jefjk dpfl`lo `s bpprdx. `l tef = d'jgdjk pds`t`dl.
 N`gg tef jdapgftfgy fapt`fc a`gg`lo crua ul`t w`te a`gg`lo crua jddgblt.
 Jgdsf dpfl`lo.

Cds`lo ul`t
>.86 Cds`lo ul`t

>.86.82 Ndba m`tuafl jdls`stfljy
Sef ul`t ebs mffl n`ttfc w`te b sfpbrbtf sprby`lo ldzzgf ndr tbk`lo ndba
m`tuafl sbapgfs `l drcfr td bje`fvf tef jdrrfjt ndba m`tuafl jdls`s-
tfljy mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl. @n rfqu`rfc, sbapgfs jbl mf tbkfl
my afbls dn prf-sfgfjtfc vbgufs my prfss`lo b muttdl blc jbl mf jdggfjtfc
`l bl fxtfrlbg jdltb`lfr (aftbg mujkft).
AB]O@L
Zbapgf fxtrbjt`dl mfndrf stbrt`lo dl-s`tf dpfrbt`dl9

AB]O@L
 Xgbjf tef jdltb`lfr ndr tbk`lo sbapgfs (aftbg mujkft) ulcfrlfbte tef sprby-
`lo ldzzgf.
 Dpfl tef ab`ltflbljf ngbp lfxt td tef nrdlt bjjfss gbccfr.
 Xrfss tef muttdl blc edgc ult`g tef rfqu`rfc sbapgf vdguaf ebs mffl jdg-
gfjtfc `l tef mujkft.
LDSF
@n tef ndba m`tuafl jdls`stfljy cdfs ldt jdapgy w`te tef spfj`n`jbt`dl, tef pfr-
jfltbof m`tuafl / m`tuafl wbtfr nffc aust mf sft bob`l dr jeblofc (f.o. m`tu-
afl pbrbaftfrs dr tfapfrbturf, ftj.).

Cds`lo ul`t
>.86.8= _btfr tbl

tblk / bcc`t`
t`d
dlbg wbtfr tbl
tblk
N`gg`lo tef wbtfr tblk / ... w`te tef fxtfrlbg wbtfr puap
bcc`t`dlbg wbtfr tblk

 @lsfrt tef wbtfr edsf dn bl fxtfrlbg wbtfr suppgy (w`te puap) blc n`gg tef
tblk.
 Zumsfqufltgy rfadvf tef wbtfr edsf.
 ]fpgbjf tef tblk g`c.

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© _`rtofl OamE =82= 8?_]8882-0000

Xumg`sefr _`rtofl OamE

Cdjuaflt lbaf MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl

Cbtf dn n`rst `ssuf :2.8?.=82=

Cbtf dn baflcaflt =6.8=.=823

= / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls dl tef `lstrujt`dl ablubg

OFLF]BG @LZS]VJS@DLZ DL SEF @LZS]VJS@DL ABLVBG

Sef `lstrujt`dl ablubg `s c`v`cfc `ltd > ab`l ordups9

Ab`l ordup > 1

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl : / :?8

2.8: Jg`abt`j jdlc`t`dls

2.83 Zbnfty `lstrujt`dls

2.86 Ld`sf / v`mrbt`dl

=.82 Jebss`s / sbnfty cfv`jfs

=.82.8= G`oet`lo / wbrl`lo cfv`jf

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 6 / :?8

=.82.83 N`rf fxt`lou`sefrs

=.8= Dpfrbtdr's stblc

=.8: A`gg`lo crua ul`t

=.83 Flo`lf / adtdr ordup

=.86 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc

=.8> Fgfjtr`jbg systfa

=.85 Bcvbljf cr`vf

=.80 Ztffr`lo systfa

=.22 Gfvfgg`lo systfa

=.2= _btfr systfa

> / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

=.2: Jgfblfr ul`t

=.2> M`lcfr ul`t

=.2? Jdaprfssfc b`r systfa blc bjjfssdr`fs

:.82 Xrdorbaabmgf gdo`j jdltrdg (XGJ)

:.8= C`fsfg flo`lf

:.8: Dpfrbtdr's stblc

:.83 A`gg`lo crua ul`t

:.83.8= A`gg`lo crua sjrbpfr rfbr .............................................................

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl ? / :?8

:.83.83 Butdabt`j stbrt`lo/g`nt`lo-dut

:.86 Srbvfgg`lo / stffr`lo

:.8> Ef`oet bciustaflt / gfvfgg`lo

:.8? Cds`lo ul`t

3.88.8: Oflfrbg `lstrujt`dls dl wfgc`lo wdrk

3.82 Jebss`s / sbnfty cfv`jfs

3.8= Dpfrbtdr's stblc

3.8: A`gg`lo crua ul`t

5 / :?8 MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl © _`rtofl OamE =82=

3.8:.8= Jeblo`lo tef p`jks

3.83 Flo`lf / adtdr ordup

3.86 Eycrbug`j d`g nffc

3.8> Fgfjtr`jbg systfa

3.85 Bcvbljf cr`vf

3.2= _btfr systfa

3.2> M`lcfr ul`t

3.2? Jdaprfssfc b`r systfa blc bjjfssdr`fs

3.25 Gumr`jbt`dl ul`t

© _`rtofl OamE =82= MBGT8?_]T==330?2T^8=Tfl 0 / :?8

6.8= Sfjel`jbg cbtb

6.8: Nufgs / gumr`jblts

6.83 S`oetfl`lo tdrqufs

6.86 Nrdst prdtfjt`dl

6.8> Dpfrbt`lo stbtf afssbofs

6.8? Jbgjugbt`dl fxbapgfs / ndraugbs

> @lstbggbt`dl, bssfamgy blc jdlvfrs`dl `lstrujt`dls, sft-up